Screening

Industries that involve in producing solid materials usually separate the materials by size.
Size reduction is needed to reduce the sizes that are too large to be used and reduce it to the desired
size. Size reduction is important as a mean of preparing the materials as product for sale or to
prepare the materials required to proceed in the manufacturing process. Screening is also widely
used for analysis of equipment. An example is the effectiveness grinders or crushers in the cement
manufacturing. In cement manufacturing, sizes of the particles are of importance because the rate
of reaction of materials is known to be related to the surface of the materials. Proper blended sizes
of concrete, gravel and cement, it would give great strength required and it would lessen the
formation of voids. Another example is the coal. The size of the particles is the basis of its
classification for sale.

The objective of this experiment is to apply the principle of screening. With this, particle
size of the sample can be determined by the analysis as well as the efficiency of the Tyler sieves.

In conducting the analysis using screening method, a set of standard sieves is stacked
together with the largest opening being at the top and the smallest opening at the bottom. A pan is
attached at the bottom of the smallest opening sieve in order to catch the particles that are small
enough to pass the smallest sieve. The experiment is done using both electric shaker and the
mechanical shaker. Sample is placed on top of the series of sieves, and then the sieves are shaken
in order for the separation to proceed. The size of the particles found on each screen is expressed
as the mean length between the openings in the screen above and that on which the particle rest.
Screen effectiveness is based on the recovery in the product of the desired material in the feed and
the rejection from the product of the undesired material in the feed.

𝑃𝑋𝑝
𝑅𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑦 =
𝐹𝑋𝑓

(1 − 𝑋𝑝 )𝑃
𝑅𝑒𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 1 −
(1 − 𝑋𝑓 )𝐹

𝐸𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠 = 𝑅𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑦 𝑥 𝑅𝑒𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛