ORACLE: - DATABASE

|
----> CORPORATION
|
WHICH HAS MANY PRODUCT

RDBMS -1980'S
ORDBMS

--> ROHINI -DB

SRAVINI- ?
VISWA - DB
UDAY - DB
MASS - ONE TYPE OF DB

ORACLE IS A DATABASE

DATABASE: IS COLLECTION OF RAW DATA (A STORAGE ENVIRONMENT)

MS: MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

DBMS: IS USE TO MANAGE DATA

WHAT IS THE LANAGUAGE IS NEEDED TO MANAGE DATA?
SQL: STRUCTURED QUERY LANGUAGE
|
IT IS COMMON LANGUAGE FOR ALL DATABASES

WHAT ARE THE DATABASE AVAILABLE IN MARKET?

1. ORACLE - ORACLE
2. TERADATA - TERADATA
3. MICROSOFT - SQL SERVER
4. IBM - DB2
5. AMAZON - REDSHIFT
- INFORMIX
- SYBASE

DATABASE : SHOULD CARRY RAW DATA

SHOULD BE ORAGANZED WITH STRUCTURES TO CARRY DATA

SQL: IT HAS SUB LANGUAGE

|
|
---> DDL
---> DML
---> DCL/TCL
---> DRL

EMPLOYEES ---- ENTITY/TABLE

COL
|
ENO| ENAME| SALARY| DNO --ATTR/COL - CHARACTERTICS OF ENTITY
DT:N DT:C DT:N DT:N
S:4 S:20 S:8,2 S:4
 -----------------------
101| A | 2000| 10 -- ROW

LOGICAL-DES PHYSICAL -DES

ENTITY TABLE
| |
ATTR1 DT S COL1 DT S
ATTR2 DT S COL2 DT S
ATTR3 DT S COL3 DT S
ATTR4 DT S COL4 DT S

EMPLOYEES
EMPID
ENAME
SALARY
DEPTNO

DATA IN A DATABASE IS CLASIFIED INTO THREE PARTS: NUMERIC, CHAR/STRING, DATE OR

DATETIME

ORACLE DATA TYPES:

NUMBER : IT CARRIES ONLY NUMERIC DATA

NUMBER(FLOATING) - DEFAULT MAX SIZE DEFINED FOR NUMBER -38 DIGITS

EX: EMPID NUMBER

NUMBER(FIXED)
EX: EMPID NUMBER(4)

1
NUMBER(PRECISION,SCALE)
EX: P- OVERALL SIZE, S- NO OF DEC OUT OF PRECISION

SALARY(8,2)

P-8
S-2
(INT-6, DEC 2)

CHAR: IT CHARRIES ALPHA-NUMERIC DATA

CHAR
MAXSIZE- 1000

EX: ENAME CHAR(20)

VISWA

VARCHAR
MAXSIZE -2000
EX: ENAME VARCHAR(20)
 VISWA
VARCHAR2
MAXSIZE -4000
EX: ENAME VARCHAR2(20)
VISWA ( THE REMAINING CHARCTER SPACE I.E 15 IS RELEASED)

DATE (DD-MON-YY) - EXPLICIT DATE FORMAT TO ENTER OR DISPLAY

SIZE : NO EXPLICITLY
19 SIZE : DD-MM-YYYY HH:MI:SS (IMPLICITLY DATE IS OCCUPIED IN THIS
FORMAT)

EMPLOYEES
EMPID NUMBER(4)
ENAME VARCHARW(20)
SALARY NUMBER(8,2)
DEPTNO NUMBER(4)

SQL- DDL: DATA DEFINITION LANGUAGE (DEFINITIONS-STRUCTURES)

CREATE, ALTER, DROP, TRUNCATE, RENAME

CREATE - SYNTAX:

CREATE TABLE <TABLENAME> ( <COLNAME1> <DT>(<SIZE>), <COLNAME2>

<DT>(<SIZE>),..);

CREATE TABLE EMPLOYEES(EMPID NUMBER(4),ENAME VARCHARW(20),SALARY NUMBER(8,2),DEPTNO

NUMBER(4));

CREATE TABLE PRODUCT(PID NUMBER(4),PNAME VARCHAR2(20),PTYPE VARCHAR2(10),PDESC

VARCHAR2(20),PPRICE NUMBER(6,2),PINTDT DATE);

ORACLE
DB
CLIENT- SERVER TECH

CLIENT - SERVER ------------->PHYSICAL LOCATION

(DESIGN -QUERY) (EXECUTE - QUERY) (DATA/CONTROL/REDOLOG
FILES)
(SQL EDITOR) (SQL ENGINE -SYNTAX) DATA DICTIONARY
FILES- STRU
RUNSQLCOMMAND (5 BACKGROUND PROCESS)
SQLPLUS
SQL DEVELOPER
 THIRD PARTY
TOAD

FRONT END DESIGN

JAVA
.NET
PHP
ASP
INFORMATICA
TABLEAU

ddl- alter: used to modify existing table strucutre by adding new col(s),
modify existing data types or size, remove existing col(s), rename
existing c

alter-add : we can add new columns

syntax:
alter table <tablename> add (<new_colname1> <dt>(<size>),.,.,.);

alter-modify: we can modify existing column data types or size

syntax:
alter table <tablename> modify (<oldcolname> <new_dt>(<new_size>),.,.);

alter-drop
alter table <tablename> drop(<colname>,.,.); (single/multiple column drop

alter table <tablename> drop column <colname>; single column drop

alter-rename:

alter table <tablename> rename column <oldname> to <newname>;

ddl- drop: used to remove the table from the schema/user;

syntax:
drop table <tablename>;

SQL-DDL:
IS USED TO ORGANISE STRUCTURE

SQL-DML: DATA MANUPULATION LANGUAGE

IS USED TO ORGANISE DATA

COMMNANDS: INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE

 INSERT: USED TO INSERT RECORDS IN TABLE

SYNTAX: TO INSERT ALL COLUMN VALUES IN THE TABLE

INSERT INTO <TABLENAME> VALUES(<V1>,<V2>,.,.,.);

V2 DT IS VARCHAR2 --> 'V2'
V3 DT IS DATE --> 'V3'

NOTE: IF COL DT IS CHAR/VARCHAR/VARCHAR2/DATE

THE VALUE SHOULD BE ENCLOSED WITH SINGLE QUOTATION

NOTE: WHILE ENTERING CHAR DATA ORACLE FOLLOWS CASE ORDER

SYNTAX: TO INSERT specific COLUMN VALUES IN THE TABLE

INSERT INTO <TABLENAME>(<col1>,<col2>) VALUES(<V1>,<V2>);