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Immunotherapy Enhance the Efficacy of Cancer Treatment

At October 1, 2018, the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to James Allison
from USA and Tasuku Honjo from Japan for their contribution of providing a novel way to treat
cancer by stimulating the immune system's original ability to fight against tumor cells.

On the whole, the main cancer treatment contains surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy,
but through consistent efforts of scientists in medical science, multiple new treatments are
developed such as CAR T immunotherapy, targeted therapy, intervention, radiofrequency and
so on. Aiming at to removing the tumor cells in the body by enhancing the body's own immune
system, cancer immunotherapy has become a hot spot in the field of cancer treatment research,
mainly divided into four categories, adoptive cell therapy, immunological checkpoint blockers,
non-specific immune activators and cancer vaccines.

Owing to its excellent efficacy and innovation, cancer immunotherapy was named the most
important scientific breakthrough of the year by Science in 2013. In some clinical trials in recent
years, cancer immunotherapy has shown significant effects on patients with different types of
cancer, including long-term remission after treatment, and may cure a small number of patients
who have developed cancer metastasis, which was basically incurable by previous treatment.
And the cancer immunotherapy has shown strong anti-tumor activity in the treatment of various
tumors such as melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer, kidney cancer and prostate cancer.

What is the mechanism of immunotherapy? Compared to the traditional methods, such as

invasive surgeries, radiation and chemotherapy, immunotherapy is more specific and less toxic
to patients. Compared to the traditional methods, such as invasive surgeries, radiation and
chemotherapy, immunotherapy is more specific and less toxic to patients. The novel
immunotherapy is mainly credited with immunological checkpoint inhibitors and CAR T cell
therapy. The immune checkpoint inhibitor is not directed against cancer cells, but released by
the immune system (PD-1 inhibitor) or the cancer cell defense system (PD-L1 inhibitor), allowing
the body's immune system to kill cancer cell. The CAR-T cell therapy is a type of treatment in
which a patient’s T cells are changed in the lab to bind to cancer cells and kill them, which has
shown remarkable ability to eliminate various kinds of tumors, especially for B cell malignancies,
with up to 95% response rates and durable complete remission.

A largest collection of CAR products of different generations targeting various biomarkers are
necessary for a complete CAR T therapy development, which requires biotech companies to
establish a comprehensive CAR-T platform to meet the market demand. Taking Creative Biolabs
as an example, their one stop CAR-T platform covers every step of CAR-T development. First,
CAR T scFv generation from hybridoma cell line is carried out through the converting full
immune globulin into a scFv using a short flexible linker or phage display library which has nearly
1.0 × 108 individual candidate clones. Next through their state-of-the-art CAR-T library
technology based on T cell display, CAR genes with diverse antibody fragments (e.g. scFv, Fab,
VHH, scFab) against a certain target are constructed into vectors to form the CAR-T libraries with
capacity around 108. Four generations of CAR products are also available in Creative Biolabs.
Then CAR-T cells or -NK cells are developed and evaluated by the anti-tumor effect and potential
safety profil in animal models (e.g. murine, canine and non-human primate (NHP)). Their
bispecific chimeric antigen receptor construction service including cocktail CAR, trans-dual
specificity CAR and TanCAR greatly increases the specificity of CAR to tumor cells whereas
decrease its toxicity to normal tissue. Finally, good manufacturing practices (GMP) compliant
CAR construction procedures are provided to facilitate the CAR production for late-stage cancer
patients in clinical test. These steps are supposed to solve most problems that bother scientific
and industry clients. If not, customized services are prepared and scientists with Ph.D levels are
always ready to put forward their penetrating insights.

About

As a global company, Creative Biolabs has more than 200 talented and well-trained scientists
located in different continents working closely with partners from the entire world to develop
and produce medicines of tomorrow. Specifically, the established leading experts in TCR and
CAR T&NK cell immune therapy development offer the one-stop custom services that cover the
entire new drug development pipeline, and an exclusive line of ready-to-use TCR and CAR T&NK
cell construction products, such as virus packaging, purification, expansion and titer
determination kits. Furthermore, a unique unparalleled CAR construction and production
platform has been built up for all four CAR generations.