DEFINITION

The term space syntax encompasses a set of theories and techniques for the analysis of spatial
configurations. It was conceived by Bill Hillier, Julienne Hanson and colleagues at The
Bartlett, University College London in the late 1970s to early 1980s as a tool to help urban
planners simulate the likely social effects of their designs.

CASE STUDY

British Museum

Year
2004, 2005

Project Director
Maximo Martinez

Partners
Ian Ritchie Architects

Client
The British Museum

The opportunity
One of the key objectives of the British Museum’s strategy is to extend the engagement between
visitors and its collection. Space Syntax was commissioned by the British Museum to develop a
baseline study of visitor movement patterns and of the spatial layout of the museum. The general
aims of the study were to explain how visitors were using the museum and to investigate the
characteristics of its spatial layout and in order to establish the effect of the spatial layout on
visitors’ experience. The baseline study was used to identify opportunities to improve visitor
flow patterns.
The British Museum commissioned Ian Ritchie Architects to develop a masterplan for the
gallery spaces. Working alongside the British Museum and the design team, we used our models
as a design tool to test and inform the design. Our work was also used in stakeholder
presentations, workshops and design reviews, providing evidence to support strategic decisions.

Methodology
Our approach included:

– observations of pedestrian flows, user routes and stationary activities

– wayfinding studies

– visibility analysis of public spaces

– spatial accessibility analysis

– option testing and evaluation

– pedestrian movement simulation using computer agents

– entrances’ level of service and gallery occupation capacity analysis

– visitors increase forecast and likely distribution within the building

– evidence-based design advice.

Findings and outcome

Using visitors data provided by the British Museum, together with data from direct observation
studies, we were able to assess the occupation capacity of entrances and gallery spaces and to
estimate the capacity for future growth. Our analysis allowed us to propose both strategic and
highly design solutions as well as management changes, each aimed at addressing the strategic
objective of extending and enhancing visitor engagement with the collection.