Professional Documents
Culture Documents
EE6302
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Equation, Magnetic force, Torque, Inductance, Energy density, Applications.
UNIT IV ELECTRODYNAMIC FIELDS
Magnetic Circuits - Faraday‟s law – Transformer and motional EMF – Displacement
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current - Maxwell‟s equations (differential and integral form) – Relation between field
theory and circuit theory – Applications.
UNIT V ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES
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Electromagnetic wave generation and equations – Wave parameters; velocity, intrinsic
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impedance, propagation constant – Waves in free space, lossy and lossless dielectrics,
conductors- skin depth -Poynting vector – Plane wave reflection and refraction –
Standing Wave – Applications.
TEXT BOOKS:
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TOTAL (L:45+T:15): 60 PERIODS
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1. Mathew N. O. Sadiku, „Principles of Electromagnetics‟, 4 th Edition Oxford
University Press Inc. First India edition, 2009.
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2. To impart knowledge on the concepts of electrostatics, electrical potential, energy
density and their applications.
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3. To impart knowledge on the concepts of magnetostatics, magnetic flux density,
scalar and vector potential and its applications.
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4. To impart knowledge on the concepts of Faraday‟s law, induced emf and
Maxwell‟s equations
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5. To impart knowledge on the concepts of Concepts of electromagnetic waves and
Poynting vector.
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2. Need and Importance for Study of the Subject
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To understand the basic science and circuit theory concept.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Mathew N. O. Sadiku, „Principles of Electromagnetics‟, 4 th Edition Oxford
University Press Inc. First India edition, 2009.
2. Ashutosh Pramanik, „Electromagnetism – Theory and Applications‟, PHI Learning
Private Limited, New Delhi, Second Edition-2009.
3. K.A. Gangadhar, P.M. Ramanthan „ Electromagnetic Field Theory (including
Antennaes and wave propagation‟, 16th Edition, Khanna Publications, 2007.
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REFERENCES:
1. Joseph. A.Edminister, „Schaum‟s Outline of Electromagnetics, Third Edition (Schaum‟s
Outline Series), Tata McGraw Hill, 2010.
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2. William H. Hayt and John A. Buck, „Engineering Electromagnetics‟, Tata McGraw Hill
8th Revised edition, 2011.
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3. Kraus and Fleish, „Electromagnetics with Applications‟, McGraw Hill International
Editions, Fifth Edition, 2010.
4.
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Bhag Singh Guru and Hüseyin R. Hiziroglu “Electromagnetic field theory
Fundamentals”,Cambridge University Press; Second Revised Edition, 2009.
1
Unit
I
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Topic / Portions to be Covered
1
Referred
T1
2
3
I
I
Co-ordinate systems
Vector fields
1
1 g.n 2
3
T1
T1
4
5
6
I
I
I
Gradient, Divergence and Curl
Divergence theorem, Stokes theorem and
applications
Coulomb‟s Law, Electric field intensity
1
1
2
et4
5
7
T1
T1
T1
7 I Field due to discrete and continuous charges 1 8 T1
8 I Gauss‟s law and applications 1 9 T1
9 I Tutorial problems 3 12 T1
Electric potential – Electric field and
10 II T1
equipotential plots
Uniform and Non-Uniform field,
11 II 3 15 T1
Utilization factor
Electric field in free space, conductors,
12 II T1
dielectrics
13 II Dielectric polarization - Dielectric strength T1
4 19
14 II Electric field in multiple dielectrics – T1
Boundary conditions
Poisson‟s and Laplace‟s equations, Energy
15 II T1
density
Poisson‟s and Laplace‟s equations
16 II T1
Applications 5 24
17 II Tutorial problems T1
Lorentz law of force,magnetic field
18 III 2 26 T1
intensity, Biot-savart law, ampere law
Magnetic field due to straight
19 III conductors,circular loop,infinite sheet of 2 28 T1
current
Magnetic flux density B in free
20 III 1 29 T1
space,condutor,magnetic materials
Magnetization, magnetic field in multiple
21 III 1 30 T1
media - Boundary conditions
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22
23
III
III
Scalar and vector potential
Poisson‟s Equation, Magnetic force,
1
1
31
32
T1
T1
24w.EIII
torque,inductance
Energy density, Poisson‟s Equation
Applications.
1 33 T1
25
26
III
IV asy
Tutorial problems
Magnetic Circuits -Faraday‟s laws
3
1
36
37
T1
T1
27
28
IV
IV En
Transformer and motional EMF
Displacement current
1
2
38
40
T1
T1
29 IV
integral form) gin
Maxwell‟s aquations (differential and
4 44 T1
30
31
IV
IV
theory
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Relation between field theory and circuit
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32 IV 2 48 T1
33 V Electromagnetic wave Generation 1 49 T1
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34 V Electromagnetic wave equations 2 51 T1
Wave parameters- Velocity, intrinsic
35 V 1 52 T1
impedence,propagation constant
Waves in free space in lossy and lossless
36 V 1 53 T1
Dielectrics
37 V Conductors,skin depth 1 54 T1
38 V Poynting vector 2 56 T1
39 V Plane wave reflection and refraction 1 57 T1
40 V Standing Wave – Applications 1 58 T1
41 V Tutorial problems 2 60 T1
INDEX
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Part B 3
4
Energy stored and energy density
Electric field due to charge disc
36-37
38-40
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1
Laplace equation
B and H Expression
UNIT- III PART A
40-43
43-44
45-47
2
3 asy
Boundary Condition
H due to straight line conductor
47-50
50-52
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5
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H due to circular coil
Energy stored and energy density
52-53
54-55
Part B 6
7
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Inductance of Toroid
Magnetic vector potential
Magnetic material
55-57
57-58
58-59
9
10
11
Ampere‟s law
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Torque developed in a rectangular loop
Problem based on flux in the ring
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59-62
62-63
63-64
1 Maxwell Equation
UNIT- IV PART A
g.n 65-66
67-71
Part B
2
3
4
Relation b/w field and circuit theory
Transformer and motional EMF
Problem based on Displacement current
UNIT- V PART A
et 72
73-74
75
77-78
1 Electromagnetic Wave equation 79-81
2 Poynting Vector 81-84
3 Brewsteer Angle 85-86
4 Problem based on velocity 86-87
Part B 5 Problem based on reflection coefficient 87
6 Skin depth 88
7 Standing wave ratio 89
8 Problem based on Intrinsic Impedance 90
9 Electromagnetic Wave propagation 91-94
UNIT-I
ELECTROSTATICS – I
1. Mention the sources of electromagnetic fields.
Sources of Electromagnetic fields are
Stationary closed path in a time varying field.
Time varying closed path in a static field.
Time varying closed path in a time varying field.
2. State Stoke’s theorem and its application.
The line integral of a vector around a closed path is equal to the surface
integral of the normal component of its curl over any Surface bounded by the path.
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theorem is used to convert the surface integral of curl of a vector into a closed line
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integral.
3. State the physical significance of curl of a vector field.
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Curl indicates a measure of the tendency of a vector to rotate or
twist.
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Curl may be described as circulation per unit area.
The curl of electric field E must be zero, for the circulation is zero.
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However the curl of magnetic field is not zero.
4. State the conditions for a vector A to be (a) solenoidal (b) irrotational
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A vector F is said to be irrotational if
A vector F is said to be solenoidal if
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5. State divergence theorem and its application.
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The line integral of the normal component of any vector field over a closed
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surface is equal to the integral of the divergence of this vector field over a volume
enclosed by the closed surface.
The divergence theorem applies to time varying as well as static fields. This
theorem is used to convert the volume integral of divergence of a vector into a
closed surface integral.
6. What is conservative field?
Conservative field is one in which the net work done around a closed path
is zero.
7. How are unit vectors defined in Cartesian, Cylindrical and Spherical co
ordinate system.
Gauss law is applied to determine the Electric field from a closed surface.
Example Electric field can be determined for charged shell, two concentric shell or
cylinders etc,,.
9. State Coulomb’s law
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space by a distance ,which is large compared to their size is proportional to the
w.Echarges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
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10. Express the Matrix form the Unit vector transformation from
(i)
(ii) En
rectangular to cylindrical co-ordinate system.
rectangular to spherical co-ordinate system.
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(i)Rectangular to cylindrical co-ordinate system.
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(ii) Rectangular to spherical co-ordinate system.
Unit II
Electrostatics-II
1 .Define Potential Difference
Potential Difference is defined as work done in moving unit positive charge from
one point to another point in an electric field.
2. What are Dielectrics?
Dielectrics are materials that may not conduct electricity through it but on
applying electric field induced charges are produced on its faces. The valence electrons in
atoms of a dielectric are tightly bound to their nucleus.
3. What is meant by Dielectric Breakdown?
As the electric field applied to dielectric increases sufficiently, the electrons in the
dielectric become free. Under such large electric field, the dielectric becomes conducting
due to presence of large number of free electrons. This condition is called dielectric
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breakdown.
4. What is meant by equipotential surface?(Nov/Dec 2011)
Equipotential surface is an imaginary surface in which all the points on the surface
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having the same electric potential .In an uniform electric field, equipotential surface is
perpendicular to the electric field intensity.
5. A parallel plate capacitor has a charge of 10-6C on each plate while the potential
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difference between the plates are 2000V.Calculate the value of Capacitance. (May
/June 2013).
Soln: Q=10-6C ,V=2000V
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C=Q/V, 10-6C/2000; C= 5x10-10F
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6. Write the boundary conditions at the interface between two perfect dielectrics.
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The tangential component of electric field is continuous i.e) Et1=Et2
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The normal component of electric flux density is continuous i.e) Dn1=Dn2
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7. What are the significant physical differences between Poisson ‘s and laplace’s
equations.(Nov/Dec 2011)
When the region of interest contains charges poissons equation can be used to find the
potential.
When the region is free from charge laplace equation is used to find the potential.
Water has a much greater dielectric constant than mica .because water has a
permanent dipole moment, while mica does not have.
13. Write down the expression for capacitance between two parallel plates.
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C=εA / d Where, C=CapacitanceA=Aread=Distance between charge
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14. Give the relation between electric field intensity (E) and electric flux density (D).
D=εE C/m2
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15.Write down the expression for the energy density in electrostaticfield.
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▲W/▲V=1/2(DE)
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UNIT 3-MAGNETOSTATICS
Part A
1. State Biot –Savarts law. Nov/Dec 2014
It states that the magnetic flux density at any point due to current element is
proportional to the current element and sine of the angle between the elemental length
and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them
dB=µ Idl sinθ / 4πr2
2. State amperes circuital law. Nov/Dec 2015
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Magnetic field intensity around a closed path is equal to the current enclosed by
the path.
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3. Define magnetic moment.
∫H•dl=I
Nov/Dec 2014
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Magnetic moment is defined as the maximum torque per magnetic induction of
flux density.
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4. What is the point form of Ampere circuital law Nov/Dec 2011
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5. Distinguish scalar and vector magnetic potential
▼X H=J
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negative gradient gives the magnetic gives the magnetic flux density
intensity if there is no current source
present
2 H=-▼Vm B=▼XA
6. What is lorentz force? Nov/Dec 2013
If a charged particle is moving with velocity v in the presence of both an electric
field E and a magnetic field B, then the total electromagnetic force acting on it is
F=Q(E+ v x B)
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9. Define magnetostatic energy density. Nov/Dec 2011
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10. What is H due to long straight current carrying conductor. April/May 2008
The
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Magnetic field intensity at any point due to long straight conductor of
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carrying current I with a distance of d is
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UNIT IV
ELECTRODYNAMIC FIELDS
1. Distinguish between transformer emf and motional emf?What is transformer
action? [EE6302,A15,EE2202,N13,N09,EE 1201,M14]
Transformer Emf:
The emf induced in stationary conductor due to change in flux linked with it is
called as transformer emf.
Transformer Action:
Transformer action is defined as the process by which flux linking from one coil
with other coil induces emf in other coil.
Motional Emf
The emf induced due to the movement of the conductor in magnetic field is called
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as motional emf.
2.State ohm’s law for magnetic circuits?
Ohm‟s law for magnetic circuits states that flux in a magnetic media is directly
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proportional to mmf
Ø α mmf
And hence, Ø=(Mmf/Ř) where Ř is reluctance.
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3.Give two important equations that provide a connection between circuit theory
and field theory?
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KVL and KCL provide two important relationships KVL in circuit theory is,
ƩV-ƩIR=0 where V is applied voltage,I is current and R is total resistance.
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KVL in magnetic circuits is given by
ƩMMF-ƩŘØ=0 where Ř is reluctance,Ø is flux
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Kirchoff‟s current law for electric circuits is ƩI=0
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Kirchoff‟s current law for magnetic circuits is, ƩØ=0
4.How does displacement current different from conventional current? g.n
Conduction current Displacement current
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1.Caused in conductor by appliacation 1.Caused in dielectrics by time varying
of field which is time variant or fields
invariant
2.Independent of frequency 2.Low in low frequencies and high at
high frequencies
3.Caused in conductors 3.Caused in capacitors
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displacement current density.
δD
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The ratio of conduction current to the area over which it flows is called as conduction
current density.It is given by, Jc=ζE
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9. Write emf equation when moving conduction loop in time varying field? [EE
1201,M09]
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When conducting loop is moving in time varying field, the induced emf is given
by, It is the sum of transformer emf and motional emf.
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10. Mention limitation in circuit theory?[EE 1201,A08]
1.It is useful for analysis in the low frequency only.
2.It gives only approximate results.
3.It is useful only for low poer circuits. rin
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4.It does not consider parameters of the medium that is permittivity and
permeability.
11. State Point form of Ohm’s law?[EC 2253,N14,M13,EE 34,N11]
Point form of Ohm‟s law is given by,
Jc=ζE
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Where Jc=condution current density, ζ=conductivity and E=Electric field intensity.
12. Give the situations where the rate of change of flux results in non zero
value?(or)Name the methods of generating emf using magnetic flux and
conductors[EC 2253,A11]
Rate of change of flux will result in non zero value in the following situations
when emf is induced by
1.By having stationary loop in a time varying field
2.By having a rotating loop in a stationary field.
3.By having a rotating loop in a time varying field
UNIT – V
ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES
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3. Define propagation constant.
The propagation constant (γ) is a complex number, and it is given by
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4. Define skin depth or depth of penetration.
Skin depth or depth of penetration (δ) is defined as that of depth in which the wave
has been attenuated to 1 / e or approximately 37% of its original value.
1
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2
for good conductor.
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frequency and wave length.
E=100 e-(πz/3) ax Β =
2
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5.A uniform plane wave in free space is described by E = 100e-(πz/3) ax Determine the
e 3x10 8 rin
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; = ; 6m ; f 50 MHz
3 6
Brewster angle is an incident angle at which there is no reflect wave for parallel
1 2
polarized wave. tan
1
11.Define voltage reflection coefficient at the load end of the transmission line.
(Nov 2011)
It is defined as the ratio of the magnitude of the reflected wave to that of the incident
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wave.
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12. Calculate the characteristics impedance of free space?
E o
(Nov 2012)
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4 x10 7
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14. The capacitance and inductance of an overhead transmission line are
0.0075µF/km and 0.8mH/km respectively. Determine the characteristic impedance
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of the line.(N/D14)
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The characteristic impedance of a transmission line is equal to the square root of the ratio
of the line's inductance per unit length divided by the line's capacitance per unit length
L
Z0 =
C
=326.5Ω
15. If a plane wave is incident normally from medium 1 to medium2, write the
reflection and transmission co-efficients. (N/D14)
2 1 2 2
Reflection Co-efficients Er0 Ei 0 Transmission Co-efficients Et0= Ei0
2 1 2 1
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asy
En
gin
ee rin
g.n
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ww
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asy
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ww
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En
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En
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ww
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En
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ww
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asy
En
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asy
En
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ww
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asy
En
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ww
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asy
En
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ww
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asy
En
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ww
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asy
En
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ww
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ww
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asy
En
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ww
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asy
En
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et
ww
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asy
En
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ww
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asy
En
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ww
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asy
En
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ww
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asy
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gin
ee rin
g.n
et