Dr Hyongdoo Tom Jang

Kuz-ram model

Rosin-Rammlar equation (relations of Kuznetsov equation (1973):

fragmentation distribution and mean
𝑋𝑋𝑚𝑚 = 𝐴𝐴 ∙ (𝑉𝑉𝑜𝑜 ⁄𝑄𝑄𝑇𝑇 )0.8 ∙ 𝑄𝑄0.167
𝑇𝑇
particle size):
𝑛𝑛
𝑅𝑅 = 𝑒𝑒 −(𝑋𝑋⁄𝑋𝑋𝑐𝑐 )
Xm is the mean fragment size (cm)
A is the rock factor (7: medium, 10: hard, hardly fissured rock, 13:
R is proportion of material retained on the screen. hard, weakly fissured rock.
n is the uniformity index VO is the rock volume fragmented per blasthole (m3)
xc is the characteristic size (a scale factor) QT is the mass of TNT containing the energy equivalent of the
x is the fragment size (screen size). explosive charge in each blast hole (kg).

Conditions:
Kuznetsov equation (Modified by Cunningham for
𝑋𝑋 = 𝑋𝑋𝑚𝑚 then R=0.5 ANFO based explosives in 1987):
Since the Kuznetsov formula gives the 𝑋𝑋𝑚𝑚 = 𝐴𝐴 ∙ 𝐾𝐾 −0.8 ∙ (𝑆𝑆𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 ⁄115)−0.633 ∙ 𝑄𝑄𝑒𝑒0.167
screen size Xm for 50% of the passing
materials

K is the powder factor (kg/m3)

SANFO is the weight strength of the explosive relative to ANFO
115: relative weight strength of TNT compared to anfo (100)
Qe is the mass explosive being used in each-hole (kg)
A (Cunningham’s A factor) is the blastability index, originally
proposed by Lilly
𝑋𝑋𝑚𝑚
𝐴𝐴 = 0.06 ∙ (𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 + 𝐽𝐽𝐽𝐽 + 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 + 𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻)

A is the rock factor

RMD the rock mass description
JF the joint factor
RDI the rock density index
Kuz-Ram model: HF the hardness factor.

𝑋𝑋𝑚𝑚 We also can calculate Required 𝑲𝑲 to yeield the

𝑋𝑋𝑐𝑐 =
(0.693)1⁄𝑛𝑛 desired 𝑿𝑿𝒎𝒎 with the function.

Uniformity coefficient: (Cunningham):

0.5
𝐵𝐵 1 + (𝑆𝑆⁄𝐵𝐵 ) 𝑊𝑊 𝐿𝐿
𝑛𝑛 𝑛𝑛 = �2.2 − 14 � �� � � �1 − �� �
𝐷𝐷 2 𝐵𝐵 𝐻𝐻
B is the blasting burden (m)
S is the blast hole spacing (m) (B and S are in drilling layout but not timing layout)
D is the blast hole diameter (mm)
W is the standard deviation of drilling accuracy (m)
L is the total charge length (m)
H is the bench height (m)

Cunningham notes that the uniformity coefficient ‘n’ usually varies between 0.8
and 1.5

Western Australian School of Mines