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Basic Hydraulics PDF
Basic Hydraulics PDF
0m 0 bar 0m 0 bar
10 m 1 bar 10 m 1 bar
20 m 2 bar 20 m 2 bar
30 m 3 bar 30 m 3 bar
40 m 4 bar 40 m 4 bar
50 m 5 bar 50 m 5 bar
60 m 6 bar 60 m 6 bar
70 m 7 bar 70 m 7 bar
Ø=1.5 mm Ø=6 mm
80 m Flow=50 l/min
Flow=3 l/min 8 bar 80 m 8 bar
V91B-1/11.98
© HIAB AB, Sweden
F=PxA
(kp) (bar) (cm2)
Ex 1 Ex 3
8 bar 8 bar 30 kp
Ex 2 Ex 4
2 2
(100 bar + 8 bar) x 3.8 cm = 410 kp 30 kp + (100 bar x 3.8 cm ) = 410 kp
V91B-2/11.98
© HIAB AB, Sweden
4 bar 2 bar 0 bar
8 bar
10 bar
V91B-3/11.98
© HIAB AB, Sweden
13 bar
17 bar 15 bar
Spring
13 bar
21 bar
23 bar
V91B-4/11.98
© HIAB AB, Sweden
I´m the
heaviest !
kg
75 kg
kg
50 10
0 0 kg
2 2 2
1 cm
2
1 cm 1 cm 1 cm
yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
,,
yy ,,,,,,,,,,,,,
yyyyyyyyyyyyy
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
yy
,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,
yyyyyyyyyyyyy
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
,,
yy ,,,,,,,,,,,,,
yyyyyyyyyyyyy
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
LS to shunt yy ,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,
yyyyyyyyyyyyy
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
100 bar yy
,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,
yyyyyyyyyyyyy
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy ,,,,,,,,,,,,,
yyyyyyyyyyyyy
100 bar 75 bar 0 bar
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy ,,,,,,,,,,,,,
yyyyyyyyyyyyy
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
LS to variable
,,,,,,,,,,,,,
yyyyyyyyyyyyy
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
displ. pump
,,,,,,,,,,,,,
yyyyyyyyyyyyy
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy ,,,,,,,,,,,,,
yyyyyyyyyyyyy
V91B-5/11.98
© HIAB AB, Sweden
10
0k
Ole´ !
g
75 kg kg
kg 0
50
2 2 2 2
1 cm 1 cm 1 cm 1 cm
yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
y
,
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
LS to shunt
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
75 bar 75 bar 75 bar 0 bar
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
LS to variable
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
displ. pump
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
V91B-6/11.98
© HIAB AB, Sweden
100
100
flow = 50 l/min
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
Spring Spring
75 l/min
signal = 0 bar ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
25 l/min
V91B-7/11.98
© HIAB AB, Sweden
112 bar 111 bar 110 bar 110 bar
112
spool
111 110
-50 -100 -75
62 bar 1 1 bar 35 bar
50 100 75
1 1 3 bar
yyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
,,
yy ,,,,,,,,,,,
yyyyyyyyyyy
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
yyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
,,
yy ,,,,,,,,,,,75 bar
yyyyyyyyyyy
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
yyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
,,
yy ,,,,,,,,,,,
yyyyyyyyyyy
bar
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
yyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
Spring
,,
yy 50 bar
,,,,,,,,,,,
yyyyyyyyyyy
100 bar 0 bar
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
yyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
100 baryy
,, ,,,,,,,,,,,
yyyyyyyyyyy
3 13 bar
11
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
yyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
,,
yy 100 bar
,,,,,,,,,,,
yyyyyyyyyyy75 bar 0 bar
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
yyyyyyyyyyyyyyy ,,,,,,,,,,,
yyyyyyyyyyy
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
yyyyyyyyyyyyyyy ,y
,,,,,,,,,,,
yyyyyyyyyyy
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
yyyyyyyyyyyyyyy ,,,,,,,,,,,
yyyyyyyyyyy
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
yyyyyyyyyyyyyyy ,,,,,,,,,,,
yyyyyyyyyyy
V91B-8/11.98
© HIAB AB, Sweden
1 1 2 bar 1 1 1 bar 1 1 0 bar 1 1 0 bar
yyyyyyy
,,,,,,, yyyyyyyy
,,,,,,,, yyyyyyyyyyyy
,,,,,,,,,,,,
100 bar 0 bar
Pressure 108 bar 75 bar 83 bar
yyyyyyy
,,,,,,, yyyyyyyy
,,,,,,,, yyyyyyyyyyyy
,,,,,,,,,,,,
comp. 58 bar
8 bar
50 baryyyyyyy
,,,,,,, 50 yyyyyyyy
,,,,,,,, yyyyyyyyyyyy
,,,,,,,,,,,,
100 75
,,,,,,, yyyyyyyy
yyyyyyy ,,,,,,,, yyyyyyyyyyyy
,,,,,,,,,,,,
,,,,,,, yyyyyyyy
yyyyyyy ,,,,,,,, yyyyyyyyyyyy
,,,,,,,,,,,,
Spool,,,,,,, yyyyyyyy
yyyyyyy ,,,,,,,, yyyyyyyyyyyy
,,,,,,,,,,,,
,,,,,,, yyyyyyyy
yyyyyyy ,,,,,,,, yyyyyyyyyyyy
,,,,,,,,,,,,
1 1 3 bar
,,,,,,, yyyyyyyy
yyyyyyy ,,,,,,,, yyyyyyyyyyyy
,,,,,,,,,,,,
,,,,,,, yyyyyyyy
yyyyyyy ,,,,,,,, yyyyyyyyyyyy
,,,,,,,,,,,,
,,,,,,, yyyyyyyy
yyyyyyy ,,,,,,,, yyyyyyyyyyyy
,,,,,,,,,,,,
yyyyyyy
,,,,,,, yyyyyyyy
,,,,,,,, yyyyyyyyyyyy
,,,,,,,,,,,,
,,,,,,,
yyyyyyy
50 bar
ar yyyyyyy
yyyyyyyy
,,,,,,,,
100 bar yyyyyyyyyyyy
,,,,,,,,,,,, 75 bar
,,,,,,, yyyyyyyy
,,,,,,,, yyyyyyyyyyyy
,,,,,,,,,,,, 75 bar
3 b
yyyyyyy
,,,,,,,
Spring
yyyyyyyy
,,,,,,,,
50 bar
yyyyyyyyyyyy
,,,,,,,,,,,,
1 00 bar 0 bar
11
,,,,,,, yyyyyyyy
yyyyyyy ,,,,,,,,
1 00 baryyyyyyyyyyyy
,,,,,,,,,,,,
13 bar
,,,,,,,,,,,
yyyyyyyyyyy ,,,,,,,,
yyyyyyyy yyyyyyyyyyyy
,,,,,,,,,,,,
75 bar 0 bar
yyyyyyyyyyy
,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,
yyyyyyyy yyyyyyyyyyyy
,,,,,,,,,,,,
y,
,,,,,,,,,,,
yyyyyyyyyyy yyyyyyyyyyyy
,,,,,,,,,,,,
,
y
,,,,,,,,,,,
yyyyyyyyyyy yyyyyyyyyyyy
,,,,,,,,,,,,
,,,,,,,,,,, yyyyyyyyyyyy
yyyyyyyyyyy ,,,,,,,,,,,,
1 00 bar
V91B-9/11.98
© HIAB AB, Sweden
flow
cylinder cylinder
100 bar 100 bar
yyy
,,,
spool
,,,
yyy
closed spool ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
yyyyyyyyyyyyyy
open ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
yyyyyyyyyyyyyy ,,,,,
yyyyy
yyyyyyyyyyyyyy
,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,
yyyyy
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
yyyyyyyyyyyyyy ,,,,,
yyyyy
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
yyyyyyyyyyyyyy ,,,,,100 bar
yyyyy
8 bar 0 bar ,,,,,
yyyyy
,,,,,
yyyyy
108 bar
,,
yy
,,,,,yy
yyyyy ,,
8 bar 108 bar ,,,,,
yyyyy
,,,,,
yyyyy
,,,,,
yyyyy ,y
spring spring
,,,,,
yyyyy
,,,,,yyy
yyyyy ,,,
,,,
yyy
,,,
yyy
13 bar, 113 bar,
or more
,,,
yyy
or more
V91B-10/11.98
© HIAB AB, Sweden
Flow Flow
12 l 18 l
12 l 18 l
flow out 2 8 mm 2 8 mm
to cylinder
return flow
yyyy
,,,,
spool
open ,,,,
yyyy
yyyyy
,,,,,
,,,,,
yyyyy
,,,,,
yyyyy
p over
spool = 8 bar ,,,,,
yyyyy
Flow Flow Flow Flow
25 l 37 l 50 l 75 l
75 l
50 l
37 l
25 l
2 8 mm 2 8 mm 2 8 mm 2 8 mm
V91B-11/11.98
© HIAB AB, Sweden
Pressure setting
110 bar
100
75
50
25
Flow
Chock from cylinder 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 l/min
Tank Tank
V91B-12/11.98
© HIAB AB, Sweden
Flow
Cylinder in
end position 50 l
100 bar
yyy
,,,
,,,
yyy
,,,
yyy
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 bar
p load
spool
open
,,,,,,,,,,,
yyyyyyyyyyy
,,,,,,,,,,,
yyyyyyyyyyy Pressure drop = 8 bar
,,,,,,,,,,,
yyyyyyyyyyy
,,,,,,,,,,,
yyyyyyyyyyy
100 92 bar
,,,,,,,,,,,
yyyyyyyyyyy ,,,
yyy
bar Signal-pressure relief valve
Flow = 3 l/min
,,,,,,,,,,,
yyyyyyyyyyy ,,,
yyy
100 bar ,,,,,,,,,,,
yyyyyyyyyyy
,,,,,,,,,,,
yyyyyyyyyyy
,,,,,,,,,,,
yyyyyyyyyyy
Pressure setting
,,,,,,,,,,,
yyyyyyyyyyy
,,,,,,,,,,,
yyyyyyyyyyy
92 bar
90%
or more ,,,,,,,,,,,Tank
192+13 baryyyyyyyyyyy
= 105 bar
Signal = 92 bar
Pump / Shunt
3 l/min flow
V91B-13/11.98
© HIAB AB, Sweden
290 bar
10 bar
10 bar
10 bar
320 =3:1
10 bar 0 bar
V91B-14/11.98
© HIAB AB, Sweden
100 bar 20 bar
100 bar
100 bar
320 =3:1
V91B-15/11.98
© HIAB AB, Sweden
8 bar
8 bar 0-290 bar
p load
0-290 bar
8 bar
= 10:1
Load pressure
0-290 bar
= 10:1 8 bar
0-290 bar
yyyy
,,,,
,,,
yyy
,,,,
yyyy
,,,
yyy
yyyy
,,,,
,,,,
yyyy
,,,,Signal
yyyy
Tank Flow
,,,,
yyyy Tank
V91B-16/11.98
© HIAB AB, Sweden
0 bar
0 bar
0 bar 0-290 bar
Spring
30 bar pred= 13 bar 13 bar
13 bar
13 bar
=10:1
0 -290 bar
30 bar
Referens pressure
0 bar = tank
=10:1
12 bar
10 bar ∆ Power spool Flow
8 bar = 8 bar
50 l
yyy
,,,
,,,
yyy
2 8 mm
yyyy
,,,,
,,,,
yyyy
Flow
,,,,Signal
yyyy Tank 0 bar
V91B-17/11.98
© HIAB AB, Sweden
100 100 Flow = 50 l/min
yyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
yyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
yyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
yyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
yyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
spring = 40 bar yyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
spring 40 bar
yyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
yyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
yyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
yyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
yyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
p = 25 bar p = 125 bar
yyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
spring spring
yyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
yyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
yyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
yyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
pump signal = 0 bar pump
yyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,signal = 100 bar
0 l/min 50 l/min yyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
yyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
p = 25 bar
yyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
p = 25 bar
yyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
yyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
V91B-18/11.98
© HIAB AB, Sweden
100
Poff !!!
0 bar (Load signal)
spring = 40 bar
nk !!!
Du
ang !!!
P
p = 125 bar
spring
0 bar
Pump 50 l/min
50 l/min
V91B-19/11.98
© HIAB AB, Sweden
Basic Hydraulics
F = 100 N F = 100N
p= F
A
2 2
A = 500 mm A = 5000 mm
C
B
BHY1/11.98
© HIAB AB, Sweden
1 4
2
3
BHY2/11.98
© HIAB AB, Sweden
F F
100 kg
1 kg
BHY3/11.98
© HIAB AB, Sweden
Features of types of energy transfer
Hydraulics Pneumatics Electrics Mechanics
Energy source Electric motor Electric motor Power supply Electric motor
(Drive) Combulsion engine Combulsion engine Battery Combulsion engine
Accumulator Pressure tank Weight force
Tension force (spring)
Energy Pipes and hoses Pipes and hoses Electrical cable, Mechanical parts
transfer elements magnetic field Levers, shafts, etc
Energy carriers Fluids Air Electrons Rigid and elastic
objects
Force density Large, Relatively small, Small, with respect to Large, selection and
(Power density) high pressures, low pressures power weight distribution of requied
large forces, Electric motor with flow is often not as
small flow hydraulic motor good as in hydraulics
Smoot control Very good via Good via Good to very good Good
(acceleration, pressure and pressure and flow electrical open loop and
deceleration) flow closed loop control
Types of movement Linear and Linear and Primarily rotary Linear and
≥ of outputs rotary movements rotary movements movement, rotary movements
via hydraulic cylinders via pneumatic cylinders linear movement:
and hydraulic motors and pneumatic motors solenoid
easily attainable easily attainable - small forces
-short forces
poss. linear motor
BHY4/11.98
© HIAB AB, Sweden
G kg FN p MPa
Q l/min W Nm P kW
F
75 kg
s = 1m
t = 1s
s
BHY5/11.98
© HIAB AB, Sweden
F = 100 N F = 100N
p= F
A
2 2
A = 500 mm A = 5000 mm
BHY6/11.98
© HIAB AB, Sweden
F = 100 N
100 kg
2 2
A = 500 mm A = 5000 mm
100 N 1000 N
p = 0.2 MPa
p= F
F=pxA
A
p = 100 = 0.2 MPa F = 0.2 x 5000 = 1000 N
500
= 2 bar
BHY7/11.98
© HIAB AB, Sweden
BHY8/11.98
© HIAB AB, Sweden
A F F=pxA
p
BHY9/11.98
© HIAB AB, Sweden
D=Axs
D = 50 x 40
s = 40 cm
D
D = 2000 cm3
or 2 litres
A = 50 cm2
BHY10/11.98
© HIAB AB, Sweden
Q=Dxn
Q = 2 x 10
20 l Q = 20 l/min
1 min
D = 2 l/stroke
n = 10 strokes/min
BHY11/11.98
© HIAB AB, Sweden
A
v Q
v=
Q
A
BHY12/11.98
© HIAB AB, Sweden
W=Fxs
F= pxA
F W= pxAxs
D=Axs
BHY13/11.98
© HIAB AB, Sweden
20 kg 20 kg
1m 1 s 1m 5 s
BHY14/11.98
© HIAB AB, Sweden
P=Fxv
75 kg
F = 75 kg x 9.81 = 736 N
v = 1 m/s
75 kg
s = 1m
t = 1s
BHY15/11.98
© HIAB AB, Sweden
P=Fxv
75 kg
W
P= Fxs
t P=
t
F = 75 kg x 9.81 = 736 N W= Fxs
v = 1 m/s s
P= Fx
t
s P=Fxv
75 kg = v
t
s = 1m
t = 1s Example
P = 736 x 1 = 736 W = 1 hp
BHY16/11.98
© HIAB AB, Sweden
F
Qxp
P= kW
60
p
v
1 s = 1 min
60
BHY17/11.98
© HIAB AB, Sweden
F
Qxp
P= kW
60
p P= Fxv
v
F= pxA Q
P=pxAx
A
Q
Q v=
A
1 m3 = 1000 dm3 (litres)
P= Qxp
1 s = 1 min 1000 x Q x p
60 P= W
60
BHY18/11.98
© HIAB AB, Sweden
B
C
A
E
D
BHY19/11.98
© HIAB AB, Sweden
1
BHY20/11.98
© HIAB AB, Sweden
3 4
OPEN CLOSED
1
2
BHY21/11.98
© HIAB AB, Sweden
4
2
3
BHY22/11.98
© HIAB AB, Sweden
2
1 cm
2
50 cm
BHY23/11.98
© HIAB AB, Sweden
0.1 cm
5 cm
3
5 cm
2 2
1 cm 50 cm
BHY24/11.98
© HIAB AB, Sweden
E
F G
BHY25/11.98
© HIAB AB, Sweden
E
C
B
BHY26/11.98
© HIAB AB, Sweden
BHY27/11.98
© HIAB AB, Sweden
E
C
B
BHY28/11.98
© HIAB AB, Sweden
BHY29/11.98
© HIAB AB, Sweden
E
C
B
BHY30/11.98
© HIAB AB, Sweden
BHY31/11.98
© HIAB AB, Sweden
E
C
B
BHY32/11.98
© HIAB AB, Sweden
E
F G
BHY33/11.98
© HIAB AB, Sweden
E
1 2 3
D
C
B
BHY34/11.98
© HIAB AB, Sweden
E
F G
BHY35/11.98
© HIAB AB, Sweden
E
1 2 3
D
C
B
BHY36/11.98
© HIAB AB, Sweden
E
F G
BHY37/11.98
© HIAB AB, Sweden
E
1 2 3
D
C
B
BHY38/11.98
© HIAB AB, Sweden
E
BHY39/11.98
© HIAB AB, Sweden
E
1 2 3
D
C
B
BHY40/11.98
© HIAB AB, Sweden
1.1 2.1 3.1
1.2 3.2
1.3
BHY41/11.98
© HIAB AB, Sweden
1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4
2.1 2.2
3. 4. 5.
BHY42/11.98
© HIAB AB, Sweden
1.1 2.1 3.1
1.2
1. 2. 3.
BHY43/11.98
© HIAB AB, Sweden
E E
F G
D D
C
B
A
BHY44/11.98
© HIAB AB, Sweden
28 14
31
31
10
20 20
EXTRA UTRUSTNING
Throttle diameter 2.0 mm Throttle diameter 2.5 mm
OPTIONAL EQUIPMENT
DS D D D D D SLIDTYP/SPOOL TYPE A
17 12.2 25 14 X) X)
28.5
T P
17 X) X)
x) Tryckbegränsning monteras efter B B
verktygens max. tryck 6 5 4 3 2 1
391 7673
x) Relief valve appropriate for accessories
BHY45/11.98
© HIAB AB, Sweden