Dynamics- descriptive words

Soft: quite, whispering, hushed, piano, muted, subdued, ghostly, delicate

Loud: intense, powerful, forte, thundering, strong, booming

Getting louder: crescendo, increase in volume, intensification of sound,

rise/swell/surge of sound.

Getting softer: decrescendo, decrease in volume, diminuendo, dying away, wane,

recede, taper off.

Timbre (Tone colour)- descriptive words

Dark: mellow, warm, resonant, rich, velvety, muddy, lush

Light: pure, clean, ringing, bright, vibrant, ethereal, clear, breathy

Unpleasant: harsh, coarse, rough, brassy, shrill, thin, heavy, piercing, grating,
aggressive, abrasive, raspy, scratchy, dry, dull

Structure

Terms for small segments: Phrase, question and answer, theme,

ostinato/loop/motif/hook/riff, cadence point, solo, statement/reinstatement,
repetition/difference, transition, climax point.

Terms for larger segments: Introduction, verse, pre-chorus, chorus/refrain,

bridge/development section, coda/outro.

Classical forms: binary, ternary, rondo, sonata form, theme and variations

Modern forms: verse-chorus, 32 bar form, AABA, 12-bar blues, free-form

Melody- descriptive words

Small intervals between the notes: Stepwise motion, scalic, smooth line

Big intervals between the notes: Leaps, angular, jagged

Lyrical, singable, tuneful, lilting, melodious, diatonic, repetitive

Disjointed, fragmented, chromatic, constantly changing

Duration- descriptive words
Fast tempo: quick, lively, spirited, hurried, rapid, speedy, frantic, animated, busy,
active.

Moderate tempo: ambling, relaxed, laid-back, steady.

Slow: dignified, stately, drawn-out, leisurly, sluggish

Get faster: accelerate, speed up, gather momentum, hasten

Get slower: decelerate, slacken, reduce speed, loose momentum

Separated notes notes: staccato, choppy, percussive, sharp, abrupt, disconnected,

fragmented

Joined notes: long, smooth, flowing, blended, sustained, legato, flowing, connected

Pitch- descriptive words

High pitched: soaring, soprano, shrill, treble, piping

Low pitched: deep, bass, boomy, sonorous

Harmony

Clashing, dissonance, discordant, harmonic tension/resolution.

Tonal, harmonious, consonant, harmonious

Terms: Major, minor, modal, key changes, modulation, transposition, chord

progression, cadence point

Rhythm

Strong beats/weak beats, on the beat/ off the beat, syncopated, steady pulse/free
rhythm, regular rhythm/ irregular rhythm, fragmented

Texture

Dense, heavy, thick, full, weighty, fat

Light, thin, sparse, spare, delicate, open.

Terms: Monophonic, homophonic, melody-dominated homophony, polyphonic,

counterpoint