Metrobank- MTAP – DepEd Math Challenge 2015

Fourth Year Elimination Stage

__________ 1. An item was already discounted by 10% but had to be discounted by another
10% to make the price even more attract ive to costumers. Overall, by how many percent
was the item discounted?

Solution:

An item amounting to x pesos discounted by 10% will have .9x as its present as
x - .1x or .9x. Then, (.9) (.9) x =.81 x is its price after being discounted 10% twice.
Therefore, had been discounted by a total of 19%.▪

__________ 2. If the numbers x-4, 4-x and x form an arithmetic progression, what is x?

Solution:
(4-x) – (x-4) = common difference
x – (4-x) = common difference

Equating the two equations.

(4-x) – (x-4) = x – (4-x)
x=3
▪
__________ 3. Two sides of a triangle have lengths 15 and 25. If the third side is also a whole
number, what is the shortest possible length?

Solution:
Shortest possible positive integer length is 1 unit.
To determine the longest possible integer length, we use hinge theorem. So, 15
+ 25 -1 = 39 units. ▪
__________ 4. Find the equation of the line that passes through (5, 4) and is parallel to 3x+y=1.

Solution:
3x + y = 1 has a slope of -3.
By point – slope form.
y – y1 = m (x – x1 )
m = -3, P (5, 4)
y – 4 = -3( x – 5 )
3x + y = 19
▪
__________ 5. What is the area of the triangle with sides 10, 10 and 12?
 Solution:
𝑎+𝑏+𝑐
A = √𝑠 (𝑠 − 𝑎)(𝑠 − 𝑏)(𝑠 − 𝑐) where s =
2
10+10+12
s= = 16
2

A = √16( 16 − 10)(16 − 10)(16 − 12)

A = 48 units2
▪

𝑥+1
__________ 6. What is the domain of 𝑓(𝑥) = √
𝑥−2

__________ 7. What is the inverse function of f(x) = 3-x +3?

Solution:
y = 3-x + 3: solve for x.
y - 3 = 3-x
3x = (y – 3)-1
x = log3 ( y – 3 )-1 ; interchange x and y

y = - log3 (x – 3)
▪
__________ 8. A dormitory’s 24 rooms can accommodate either one or two boarders. If
at the moment there are 39 boarders and there are no empty rooms, how many rooms are
occupied by only one border?
Solution:
Let x be the total boarders who shares in the room and y be the boarders who
lives alone in a room.
Then, x + y = 39
𝑥
+ 𝑦 = 24
2

Solving for y.
Y = 9 rooms. ▪
__________ 9. One liter of 10% alcohol is mixed with 3 liters of 30% alcohol. What is the
percentage of alcohol in the resulting mixture?

Solution:
.1( 1 liter ) + .3( 3 liters ) = X (1 liter + 3 liters )
X = 25%
 ▪
__________ 10. The graph of f(x) = (a-1)2x2 + (a-1) x + a – 1 is a parabola that opens
upwards for which value/s of a?

__________ 11. The point Q is twice as far from (-2, -8) as it is from (13, 5). If it lies on the
segment joining the two, what are the coordinates of Q?

Solution:
To find the coordinates of a point that divides a line segment, we use
B(x2 , y2)
𝑥1 𝑟2 +𝑥2 𝑟1
𝑥= 𝑟1 +𝑟2
P(x , y)
𝑦1 𝑟2 +𝑦2 𝑟1
𝑦= 𝑟1 +𝑟2
A(x1 , y1)

(x1 , y1) = (-2 , -8) r1 = distance AP

(x2 , y2) = (13 , 5) r2 = distance PB

DAB = √394
r1:r2 = 2:1

r1 + r2 = DAB = √394
2√394 √394
r1 = r2 =
3 3

Substitute the following values in the formula.

2
x=8,y=3
𝟐
P( 8 , ) ▪
𝟑

__________ 12. Two 7x7 squares overlap forming a 7x 11 rectangle. What is the area of
the region in which the squares overlap?

Solution:

Dimension of the intersection of the squares is (2x7-11) = 3 units and 7

units.
A = lw
A= 3 units x 7 units
A= 21 units2
▪
__________ 13. What is the area of the circumcircle of a triangle whose sides are of
length 6, 8 and 10?
__________ 14. The parallel sides of a trapezoid are of length 3 and 6 cm. if the third side
measures 5 cm and the last side is perpendicular to the first two, what is the area of the
trapezoid?

Solution:
ℎ
𝐴= (𝑏1 + 𝑏2 )
2
ℎ2 = 52 − (6 − 3)2 = 16
ℎ = 4 cm
4 𝑐𝑚
𝐴= (6 𝑐𝑚 + 3𝑐𝑚)
2

𝑨 = 𝟏𝟖 𝒄𝒎𝟐 Commented [JRAP1]: Geometry. (Area)

▪ Try making the figure of the problem if you find it hard to

understand.
55𝑥+3
__________ 15. If = 252 , find x.
51−𝑥

Solution:

55𝑥+3
= 252
51−𝑥
5 (5x+3) - (1-x) = 5(2) (2)
( 5x + 3 ) – ( 1 – x ) = 2 ( 2 )
X = 0.33333333…
▪
__________ 16. What is the remainder when (2x+1)(2x+3)(2x+5) + 7 is divided by 2x-1?

Solution:

(2x+1)(2x+3)(2x+5) + 7 8𝑥 3 +36𝑥 2 +46𝑥+22

=
2𝑥−1 2𝑥−1

By Remainder Theorem,
2x-1 =0 , x = 0.5
8 (.5)3+ 36 (.5)2 + 46 (.5) + 22 = 55
The remainder is 55. Commented [JRAP2]: Algebra, Functions ( Remainder
Theorem)
Or (2x4x6)+7
▪
__________ 17. If there are seven points on a plane and no three of them are collinear,
how many lines do the points determine?

Solution:
 7!
7C2 = = 21
( 7−2 )! 2!

There are 21 lines that can be determined.▪ Commented [JRAP3]: Combinatorics. (combination)

__________ 18. The diagonals of a rhombus measure 10 cm and 24 cm. What is the
perimeter of the rhombus?

Solution:
Perimeter = 4s

By Pythagorean Theorem
s2 = (.5d1) 2 + (.5d2)2
s2 = (.5 x 24)2 + (.5 x 10)2
s2 = 169 cm2
s = 13 cm

Perimeter = 13 cm x 4
.5d2 Perimeter = 52 cm

.5d1 ▪

__________ 19. Triangle ABC is right- angled at C with AB= 48 and AC= 64. The
perpendicular bisector BC meets AC at E. what is the length of AE?
__________ 20. A 3” by 4” picture is proportionally enlarged so that the new area of the
picture is 12 times the area of the original. What is the length of the shorter side of the
enlarged picture?
__________ 21. A square whose side measures 1 cm is inscribed in a circle. What is the
area of the region inside the circle but outside the square?

Solution:
𝑨 = 𝐴𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑙𝑒 − 𝐴𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑒
2
√2 𝜋
𝐴𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑙𝑒 = 𝜋𝑟 2 = 𝜋 ( 2 ) = 2
𝑐𝑚 2

𝐴𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑒 = 𝑠 2 = 1 𝑐𝑚 2
𝜋
𝑨= 2
𝑐𝑚 2 − 1 𝑐𝑚2
𝜋
𝑨 = ( − 1) 𝑐𝑚 2
2

▪
1
__________ 22. Write as a single logarithm: 3log2 a – 4( log2 b + log2c).
8

Solution:
1 1
3𝑙𝑜𝑔2 𝑎 − 4 (𝑙𝑜𝑔2 𝑏 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔2 𝑐 8 ) = 3𝑙𝑜𝑔2 𝑎 − 4 [𝑙𝑜𝑔2 (𝑏𝑐 8 )]
 1
= 3𝑙𝑜𝑔2 𝑎 − 𝑙𝑜𝑔2 (𝑏 4 𝑐 2 )
1
= 𝑙𝑜𝑔2 𝑎3 − 𝑙𝑜𝑔2 (𝑏 4 𝑐 2 )

𝒂𝟑
= 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟐 𝟏
(𝒃𝟒 𝒄𝟐 )

__________ 23. What is the remainder when 20142015 is divided by 9?

Solution:

Let x the remainder of the expression.

X= 20142015 mod 9= 72015 mod 9

73 ≡ 1 𝑚𝑜𝑑 9
(73∗671 )(72 ) ≡ 72 𝑚𝑜𝑑 9

x = 72 mod 9 = 49 mod 9

x=4

Alternative Solution:

x = 20142015 mod 9 = 72015 mod 9

3−1
∅(9) = 9 ( ) =6
3

2015 mod 6 = 5

x = 75 mod 9

x = 4▪ Commented [JRAP4]: Number Thoery. (Modular

Arithmetic)
__________ 24. How many four- digit numbers can be formed using the digits 4 to 9 if the first
digit has to be 8, one of the digits is 9 and no digit can appear more than once?
__________ 25. What is 1 – 2 + 3 – 4 + 5 – 6 + . . . + 2013 – 2014?

Solution:

x = 1 – 2 + 3 – 4 + 5 – 6 + . . . + 2013 – 2014

x =∑1006
0 (2𝑥 + 1) − ∑1007
0 (2𝑥)
1006 1007
x= (1 + 2013) − (0 + 2014)
2 2

x= -1007
▪
2 +3𝑥−2
__________ 26. Solve the inequality: 32𝑥 > 1.
 Solution:
2 +3𝑥−2
32𝑥 >1
2 +3𝑥−2
𝑙𝑛(32𝑥 ) > ln(1)
(2𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 2)ln(3) > 0
(2𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 2) > 0
(2𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 + 2) > 0
1
𝑥>
2
𝑥 < −2
𝟏 Commented [JRAP5]: Inequalities( Nonlinear).
< 𝒙 < −𝟐
𝟐
▪
__________ 27. Two non- congruent circles have centers at C1 and C2. Diameter AB of circle C1 and
diameter CD of circle C2 are perpendicular to C1 C2. If C1 C2= 10, what is the area of the quadrilateral
determined by A, B, C and D?
__________ 28. Find the area of a triangle whose vertices have coordinates (2, 3), (-4, 2) and (10, 1).
__________ 29. A jar contains only red and green balls. Ten red balls are added and the green balls now
constitute 20% of the total. In addition, ten green balls are added, making the percentage of the
green balls equal to 40% of the total. How many balls were originally in the jar?
__________ 30. If p + q = 22, what is the smallest value of p2 + q 2?
__________ 31. In the figure below, ∆ PAD is similar to which triangle?
__________ 32. In the figure above, PA= 4, AC= 5 and PD= 20 (not drawn to
scale). What is BD?
__________ 33. Interestingly, it is true that (3!)(5!)(7!) is equal to n!. What
is n?

Solution:

(3!)(5!)(7!) = (3x2x1) (5x4x3x2x1) (7x6x5x4x3x2x1)

=1 x 2 x 3 x 4 x 5 x 6 x 7 x (2x4) x (3x3) x (4x5) Commented [JRAP6]: Rearrange the factors so that they
form integers in increasing order.
=1 x 2 x 3 x 4 x 5 x 6 x 7 x 8 x 9 x 10

n! = 10!

n = 10 Commented [JRAP7]:

▪
__________ 34. For how many positive integers n is 7n + 1 divisible 3n + 5?
__________ 35. If you randomly choose two numbers from 1 to 10, what is the probability that one
number is one more the other?(1/5)
__________ 36. A class of 30 students took two quizzes. Sixteen passed the second. If four students
failed both quizzes, how smany passed both?
__________ 37. What is the radius of the circle whose equation is x2 + y 2 – 4x + 8y – 16 = 0?

Solution:

x2 + y 2 – 4x + 8y – 16 = 0
x2 – 4x + 4 + y2 + 8y + 16 = 16 + 4 + 16
 (x2 – 2) + (y + 4)2 = 62
r = 6 units2 Commented [JRAP8]: Analytic Geometry.

▪
__________ 38. If (4x) (5 x) = (2x ) (7 x), what is x?
__________ 39. Suppose x, y, z are nonzero real numbers such that x + y + z =0. What is the value of
𝑥 𝑥 𝑦 𝑦 𝑧 𝑧
+ + + + + ?
𝑦 𝑧 𝑧 𝑥 𝑥 𝑦

Solution:
𝑥 𝑥 𝑦 𝑦 𝑧 𝑧 𝑦+𝑧 𝑥+𝑧 𝑥+𝑦
+ + + + + = + +
𝑦 𝑧 𝑧 𝑥 𝑥 𝑦 𝑥 𝑦 𝑧

y+z= -x , x+z= -y , x+y= -z

𝑦+𝑧 𝑥+𝑧 𝑥+𝑦 −𝑥 −𝑦 −𝑧
𝑥
+ 𝑦
+ 𝑧
= 𝑥
+ 𝑦
+ 𝑧
= −1 − 1 − 1
𝒙 𝒙 𝒚 𝒚 𝒛 𝒛
𝒚
+𝒛 + 𝒛 + 𝒙 + 𝒙 + 𝒚 = −𝟑

▪
__________ 40. If x and y are positive real numbers satisfying x + y ≤ xy, what is the smallest value of
x + y?
__________ 41. Simplify: √23 + √408 − √23 − √408

Solution:

Let x= √23 + √408 − √23 − √408

2
𝑥 2 = (√23 + √408 − √23 − √408)

𝑥 2 = 23 + √408 − 2 (√23 + √408) (√23 − √408 ) + 23 − √408

𝑥 2 = 23 − 2 (√(23 + √408)(23 − √408)) + 23

𝑥 2 = 23 − 2(√232 − 408) + 23

𝑥 2 = 23 − 2(11) + 23

𝑥 2 = 24

𝒙 = 𝟐√𝟔

▪
__________ 42. In how many ways can you write 7 as the sum of 1’s and 2’s?

Solution:

Possible sets of digits.

A = (1 , 1 , 1 , 1 , 1 , 2)

B= (1 , 1 , 1 , 2 , 2)
 C= (1 , 2 , 2 , 2)

Total combination for:

6!
Set A = =6
5!
6!
Set B = 3!2! = 10
4!
Set C = =4
3!

Therefore, the total number of ways to write 7 as the sum of 1’s and 2’s is 6 + 10 + 4 =
20. ▪

__________ 43. How many solutions does the equationlog 𝑥 (4𝑥 − 3) = 2? Here, it is understood that
the logarithm function is defined only for positive real numbers.
__________ 44. Rectangle ABCD is subdivided into four smaller rectangles by two lines, one parallel to
AB and the other parallel to AD. If the areas of three smaller rectangles are 1, 3 and 5 sq. units, what
are the possible values for the area of rectangle ABCD?
__________ 45. Let x = 2100, y= 360 and z = 1030. What is the smallest number among the three?

Solution:

Transform the all equations into equal bases.

For x; 2 =10a  a= log 2 

x= 2100 = 10100 log (2)

For y; y= 360= 1060 log (3)

For z; z= 1030

x= 10100 log(2) , y= 1060 log (3) , z= 1030

x>z>y since 100 log (2) > 30 > 60 log (3)

Therefore 360 has the smallest value among three. ▪

__________ 46. What is the minimum value of |𝑥| + |𝑥 − 1| + |𝑥 + 2|?

__________ 47. Determine all real numbers x that satisfy |𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 3| > |𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 3|.
__________ 48. How many real numbers satisfy x6 + |𝑥| = 7?
__________ 49. *Find all positive integers (x,y) that satisfy x4 = y2 + 97.

Solution:

x4 = y2 + 97
x4 -y2= 97
(x2+y)(x2-y)= 97(1)
x2+y = 97
x2-y = 1

x= 7, y= 48
(7, 48) Commented [JRAP9]: Number Theory(Diophantine
▪ Equation)
1 2 3 11
__________ 50. Simplify:2! + 3! + 4! +. . . . + 12!.
 Solution:
1 2 3 11 2 1 3 1 4 1 12 1
2!
+ 3! + 4! +. . . . + 12! = (2! − 2!) + (3! − 3!) + (4! − 4!) +. . . . + (12! − 12!)

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
= (1! − 2!) + (2! − 3!) + (3! − 4!) +. . . . + (11! − 12!)
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
= − + − + − +. . . . + −
1! 2! 2! 3! 3! 4! 11! 12!
1 2 3 11 1 1
+ + +. . . . + = −
2! 3! 4! 12! 1! 12!

1 2 3 11 𝟏 Commented [JRAP10]: Telescoping Series.

+ + +. . . . + =𝟏−
2! 3! 4! 12! 𝟏𝟐!
▪