BENCHMARKING

- Is the process of measuring products, practices, and services against best-performing

organizations.
- Experts review the submissions, examine outcomes, and then designate a best practice.
- The difference in performance between top-performing health-care organizations and
the national average is called the quality gap.

Types of Benchmarking
1. Internal Benchmarking
2. External Benchmarking
a. Competitive Benchmarking
b. Functional Benchmarking
c. Generic Benchmarking

ACCREDITATION/CERTIFICATION
According to PhilHealth
These are the list of Accredited Health Facilities:

[ ] Level 1 Hospitals: the most basic

- Don’t require intensive care units (ICU)
- needs minor supervision only
e.g. Perpetual Succor Hospital and Maternity Inc.

[ ] Level 2 Hospitals: contains all elements from level 1

- ICU for critically ill patients and specialist doctors for gynecology and pediatric services.
- e.g. St. Lukes Medical Center

[ ] Level 3 Hospitals:
- high-level specialty intervention like physical rehabilitation or dialysis treatment,
- e.g. Seamen’s Hospital
-TB-DOTS Centers
-Primary Care Facilities
-Animal Bite Package Providers
-Outpatient Malaria Package Providers
-Maternity Care Package Providers
-Freestanding Dialysis Clinics
-Ambulatory Surgical Clinics
- Z-Benefits Contracted Hospital: VSMMC

Joint Commission International (JCI)

-improve patient safety and quality of health care in the international community
-offers education, publications, advisory services, and international accreditation and
certification.
-partners with hospitals, clinics, and academic medical centers; health systems and agencies;
government ministries; academia; and international advocates to promote rigorous standards
of care and to provide solutions for achieving peak performance

THE DEVELOPMENT OF STANDARDS

Standard
- Is a predetermined level of excellence that serves as a guide for practice.
Standards for practice
- Define the scope and dimensions of nursing practice.
Organizational Standards
- Outline levels of acceptable practice within the institution.
*Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPGs) – should reflect evidence-based practice.

STANDARDS OF PRACTICE:
1. Assessment 7. Ethics
2. Diagnosis 8. Education
3. Outcomes Identification 9. Evidence-based Practice and Research
4. Planning 10. Quality of Practice
5. Implementation 11. Communication
- Coordination of Care 12. Leadership
- Health Teaching and Health Promotion 13. Collaboration
- Consultation 14. Professional Practice Evaluation
- Prescriptive Authority and Treatment 15. Resource Utilization
6. Evaluation 16. Environmental Health
STANDARDS OF PROFESSIONAL
PERFORMANCE:

DISCIPLINE
Constructive VS Destructive Discipline

Discipline involves training or molding the mind or character to bring about desired behaviors.
The word discipline comes from the Latin term disciplina, which means teaching, learning, and
growing. It is often considered a form of punishment.

Punishment Is an undesirable event that follows unacceptable behavior.

In contrast to punishment, discipline is called constructive discipline when it assists employee
growth.
In constructive discipline, punishment may be applied for improper behavior, but it is carried
out in a supportive and corrective manner. Employees are assured that the punishment given is
because of their actions and not because of who they are.
Self-discipline
- The highest level and most effective form of discipline. When employees feel secure,
validated, and affirmed in their essential worth, identity, and integrity, self-discipline is
forthcoming.
- The leader plays an active role in developing an environment that promotes self-
discipline in employees:
o Managers must discuss clearly all written rules and policies with subordinates,
explain the rationale for the existence of the rules and policies, and encourage
questioning.
o Establish an atmosphere of trust.
o Formal authority must be used judiciously.

Group Norms
- Are group established standards of expected behavior that are enforced by social
pressure.
- The leader, who understands group norms, is able to work within those norms to mold
group behavior. This modification of group norms, in turn, affects individual behavior
and thus self-discipline.