NORMAL VALUES URODYNAMICS
UROFLOW
PEAK FLOW RATE (Qmax)
Group Normal (ml/s) Author
All persons > 20 Kiesswetter (1981)
Persons with catheter > 15 Jonas et al. (1980)
Male 24 (±8) Palmtag (1977)
age < 40 years > 22 Abrams et al. (1990)
age 40..60 years > 16 Abrams et al. (1990)
age > 60 years > 13 Abrams et al. (1990)
age > 60 years 15.6 (± 6.5) Neubauer et al. (1992)
Female > 26 (± 8) Palmtag (1977)
age < 50 years > 25 Abrams et al. (1990)
age > 50 years > 18 Abrams et al. (1990)
Children * 23 (±10) Palmtag (1977)
age < 10 years > 15 Siroky et al. (1990)
age 10..20 years > 20 Siroky et al. (1990)
* girls 34.3 (±7.2) Toguri et al. (1982)
* boys 25.9 (±7.3) Toguri et al. (1982)
* (miction volume > 175 ml,
body size > 1.1 m2)
AVERAGE FLOW RATE (Qavg)
Group Normal (ml/s) Author
All persons 10..15 Kiesswetter (1981)
Persons with catheter > 7.5 Jonas et al. (1980)
Male age > 60 years 7.8 (± 3.2) Neubauer and Melchior (1992)
Children * girls 14.1 (±3.3) Toguri et al. (1982)
boys 19.5 (± 3.6) Toguri et al. (1982)
* (miction volume > 175 ml,
body size > 1.1 m2)
TIME TO PEAKFLOW
Group Normal (ml/s) Author
All persons < 33% of voiding time T. Poll and G. Fröhlich
VOIDING TIME
Group Normal (s) Author
Male 24 (± 8) Palmtag (1977)
age > 60 years 26.2 (±13.9) Neubauer and Melchior (1992)
Female 23 (±8) Palmtag (1977)
Children 16 (±10) Palmtag (1977)
RESIDUAL URINE
Author
Normal < 15 % of maximal bladder capacity Jones et al. (1980)
Normal 10..30 ml
Abnormal > 100 ml
INCONTINENCE GRADE
Grade 1 < 2 gram urine loss
Grade 2 2 .. 10 gram urine loss
Grade 3 10 .. 50 gram urine loss
Grade 4 > 50 gram urine loss
CYSTOMETRY AND PRESSURE FLOW STUDY
FIRST SENSATION
Group Normal (ml) Author
All patients > 60 % of bladder capacity Jonas et al. (1980)
150 .. 250 Tanagho and McAninch (1992)
150 .. 200 Kiesswetter (1981)
100 .. 300 Siroky and Krane (1980)
200 .. 400 Faber (1984)
Male 250 (± 50) Palmtag (1977)
Female 225 (± 75) Palmtag (1977)
Children 180 (± 100) Palmtag (1977)
COMPLIANCE
Group Normal (ml/cm H2O) Author
All patients 25 Jonas et al. (1980), Faber (1984),
Stöhrer (1989)
40 .. 50 Palmtag (1977)
20 .. 50 Kiesswetter (1981)
> 10 Madersbacher (1992)
MAXIMUM BLADDER CAPACITY
Group Normal (ml) Author
All patients 300 .. 600 Jonas et al. (1980)
Male 600 (± 150) Palmtag (1977)
Female 500 (± 100) Palmtag (1977)
MAXIMUM BLADDER (CYSTOMETRIC) CAPACITY IN INFANTS AND CHILDREN
Age Infant Infant Age Children
boys girls
(ml) (ml) (ml)
1 month 34 39 1 year 60
2 months 36 41 2 years 90
3 months 38 43 3 years 120
4 months 40 45 4 years 150
5 months 42 47 5 years 180
6 months 44 49 6 years 210
7 months 46 51 7 years 240
8 months 48 53 8 years 270
9 months 50 54 9 years 300
10 months 52 56 10 years 330
11 months 54 58 11 years 360
1 year 56 60 12 years 390
13 years 420
14 years 450
15 years 480
Boys: MCC = 24.8 * age + 31.6
Girls: MCC = 22.6 * age + 37.4
Children: MCC = 30.0 * age + 30.0
ICS, Standardization and definitions in lower urinary tract dysfunction in children, Nørgaard, van Gool,
Hjälmås, Djurhuus, Helström, Second course on pediatric urodynamics, sep 1997, page 25
MAXIMUM BLADDER (CYSTOMETRIC) CAPACITY IN INFANTS AND CHILDREN
Group Normal (ml) Author
Infant 0..1 year approx 30 Goellner (1981)
Infant 1..2 year approx 60 Goellner (1981)
Children 300 (±150) Palmtag (1977)
400 .. 500 Tanagho and McAninch (1992)
400 .. 700 Faber (1984)
PDET AT PEAKFLOW
Group Normal (cm H2O) Author
All patients < 30 Tanagho and McAninch (1992)
40 Palmtag (1977)
50 .. 100 Kiesswetter (1981)
60 .. 120 Siroky and Krane (1990)
< 75 Jonas et al. (1980)
Male 43 (± 10) Palmtag (1977)
Female 33 (± 15) Palmtag (1977)
Children 35 (± 12) Palmtag (1977)
URETHRA PRESSURE PROFILE
MAXIMUM PURA DURING UPP
Group Normal (cm H2O) Author
All patients normal = 92 - AGE (of patient) Edwards (1974)
Male 65 .. 105 Siroky (1990)
Female age < 50 60 .. 90 Siroky (1990)
60 .. 85 Abrams (1979)
age > 50 50 .. 80 Siroky (1990)
50 .. 60 Abrams (1979)
MAXIMUM PCLOSURE DURING UPP
Group Normal (cm H2O) Author
All patients 50 Jonas et al. (1980)
Female before menopause 50 (± 25) Webster (1994)
50 .. 75 Abrams (1979)
after menopause 35 (± 25) Webster (1994)
40 .. 50 Abrams (1979)
50 .. 75 Faber (1984)
FUNCTIONAL URETHRA LENGTH
Group Normal (mm) Author
Female 25 .. 30 Jonas et al. (1980)
20 .. 35 Siroky and Krane (1990)
25 .. 27 Abrams (1979)
Male 40 .. 50 Jonas et al. (1980)
age < 50 35 .. 45 Siroky and Krane (1990)
age > 50 40 .. 55 Siroky and Krane (1990)
Source: Urodynamik Leitfaden, [Link], [Link]öhlich, Springer verlag Berlin
