General Solution of a << Differential Equation Differentink Differential equation (DE) is an equation that involves derivatives or differentials of a function or functions. To solve a differential equation is to find the unknown functior/functions. Ordinary differential equation, isif the unknown function depends on only one independent variable (total derivative). Partial differential equation, is if the unknown function depends on two or more independent variables Independent variable is when an equation involves one or more derivatives, with respect to a particular variable, that variable is called independent. Dependent variable is when a variable s dependent of a derivative of that variable. Order of a differential equation is the order of the highest ordered derivatives. Degree of a differential equations an exponent of the highest ordered derivatives, The general form of an nth order ordinary differential equation ‘s Cor 2 ry onry) =0 Oe oe Where y denotes the nth derivative of y with respect to x. Linear differential equation An nth ordinary differential equation is linear if f isa linear function in each of the variable y, y”, y2), .. ., y®, the general form of a linear nth order ordinary differential equation is Cag +a,(X) +4, (x)y =F(x) ) Otherwise, it is nonlinear An explicit solution of the nth order differential equation a(x ry y® Y)=0 on the interval |s a function y\x) defined on | and satisfying A(x.y.y".y, y) =0 forallxin| A relation f(x,y) =0 is said to be an implicit solution of the nth order differential equation (x,y. ¥,....4) =0 on the interval if the relation defines at least one function y,(x) on | such that y,(x) is an explicit solution oxy y®, .)=0 ofonk.Conuni Bayes) The ene shton fhe st oder erent epationy + y=, Te ore parameter lami of uncens Saluten: Dierenating, yace” substan, yoy-ce ece* 00 foralxand for alc “he function y= isthe parr ston when ¢= 1 Bh m stow thaty =e ce 6x tithe general oluton ofthe second eds tear DE yy 2401-2 Soliton Diteentaing, Pte scp oh yndce™ sce! Substituting, ace 60°) #(-Ree $64! 9-266 see" 4x-1) 23-28 forall consans anand abe. Bh nyse tegen ek Solutan Diferetating, yareter substtting, (er siexseetoxteo Bh a2 a ernst aca sat Solaton: Ditferenttng, 8 sega set “ hace cei Substituting Kee ~3ee* scast)+21cp! +e -sint)-Mee! +e +sint) = 2eost=asint| The pata chton ofthe DEsatistjing the contion, and x ce +6 osint Wo) =c, +6, «2, equation 1) Mme 32 seost MO) =6,-%4 412 -5.6)~3e)=-6, equation 2) Sehing equations (1) and (2) smutaneousy requres parte sohtion and, «2 ond he 1220 ssntElimination of Arbitrary BB. lirsnte te constant rm he equation Constants abaya a soln Exaurits) Ditterentiating, a) 2y'=0 vere a * ce Therefore, sotton wr +yaeewe yecersce yar eony sxe > (e-ypdee n oe inate atizay constants A and rom quton y= Ae Bae 2y deta Sotaten Tek Gey he = be” ext dene [ao Yursers dete 42) yr anes ae 2B" 7" erate een 0) y ‘Add -2 09, (and, (2)t0iinate A aed 9 ay -2A0"- 2540 61-97 +27)60 Y= 200 + 2 80 wey te aw PES #57 +3098 Ads-2ca, @landeg (3) 2y' = aaa + Abie + 280 Yo =AAO + Ae + Be ayy wer ea.(5) [e(57°+5y'6207)-0]+-se ‘Add~2 9 (#)andea.(5) wy-2y Dy ty" =O ory" Ay —Ay=0BE Clrinate Cin the equation xsiny + ¥'y 2c Solution oy oy reoiyZ sanyo L200 cos ly +sinych x7 Daye = (xcosy+!)dy +(siny +23y)a= 0 Eh tlinate cin the equation y? 1 = oy Solution rey ach rae way y ay, Deep te=loy a (9 +1)dy+y'de <0 EE ttminot in the equation y= ax Solution W., ? 2189 sce bao oy wt, 2aydy= Ye 0 Yep = Eh Giinate cin the equation y=4 40 Solution since X= pine” since F x ae ae yo3y-12=0 EB Ciminate , andi the equation y= Ga Ge" Soliton veer yace yeqerendgay—y ay Wey" oFy'O= Dewy +y=0 BE Biminatec, and, nthe equation y= ex! + 2% Solution: Race Oro ya2ens2e «a. yr=2qedces «0.0 Fromea.@)y"=26, 2g eter Hy"=2a)ece" 6a. Fromea.@)¥'~26x=2¢9%0r H(y-2ex)= ce" 6-5) quate 09s (and) 2-2) 107-208) yi 2, = 2269) yr dy dee 2e = 0 bye yeanepepea rose a6Substitute eq. (6) in eq. (5) col YY i{-2 t 4x-2 yf 2V-Y yy if x 2x-1 Substitute Eqs. (6) and (7) ay-y" 2(4x-2)y = (2y'-y")x? ce” ‘ =¢,e" in eq. (1) re [(2x-Ny-xQy-y')] eq. (7) 2y'-y" 2x-1 #0 y~2y'4 ay"](4x 2) Bry ~4y =2x?y'_ ty ny Bry dy =2x¢yt_y2 (3x ~2x)y"42( 4y"-y')(4x-2) YAY Dy" ayy 2 : RIK Me Vy-4x-Hy=0Introduction Many of the basic laws of physical, biological and social sciences are formulated in terms of mathematical relations involving known and unknown quantities and their derivatives. Such relations are called differential equations. Definitions Differential equation (DE) is an equation that involves derivatives or differentials of @ function or functions. To solve a differential equation is to find the unknown function! functions. Ordinary differential equation, if the unknown function depends on only one independent variable (total derivative). Partial differential equation, if the unknown function depends on two or more independent variables. Independent variable, when an equation involves one or more derivatives, with respect to a particular variable, that variable is called independent. Dependent variable, a variable is dependent of a derivatives of that variable occurs. Order of a differential equation, order of the highest ordered derivatives. Degree of a differential equation, exponent of the highest ordered derivatives. The general form of an nth order ordinary differential equation is Ax. y" Where y“) denotes the kth derivative of y with respect to x. seo n between the variables which involves n essential constants is called a A relatio ants will give tise to a primitive. A primitive involving essential arbitrary consta differential equation, of order n, free of arbitrary constants.ne ren epation st oy ie eqn ine feminist beable 3% Pte geal ono car dr ile 2a i eonsady ef) ‘Tuam Te owing ae sls of eet guns we dled dr 2 Sent arte) b PQH4eWes)=-sint cond der dere ne) © (B)-eer0 meter © prapyensh tiene Ont ee ecm oe dee ne) 0 rvs rar erate ad te eatin clo ei he ae pr dase pin al Focexhofe foning se wher he ‘Solon an ge de 1 reafey te) 2 Fewer 3 yeky=0 son stay opi ee ota Va Pte nis stn ne slo son ni al oben yas) Anne Formalymteysing eet = ffs) eon fn 0% we ad tht selva fio=[ sor Adie») 1 ah efi gation ant sabseuing te inl ositon we ‘Sine flaming egal equation anne ni le ble, vedas of “Tissot ont whenever hepa eatn etn ea, Pama 1 Wee tit ptm voxels ea amigo te ten i1 scanner = 0.4 Hand 6 =2 fdexe® aint anso foe +S ot Sime) scons (20 (Qa) an ea ction fs at Vel 0) esa atone bea (0). 2 With alton ini ae a prin yes Olt sonnel quo cy he on ish at ens sleet f scat tise ar nina fs)=ssch i fd sob comin on eh of he ines nb) whens ony Sine 35 = 06 (-§.$}h slain a 5 sae ob ex hina =f ‘Wet soa fen aie cles negation, eras possi, ‘dps earl conch lon ie hoveeet, =? 1 2 yak. oe » vf “ v)=1 SB yegts sl01 6 yecees?, (er 2 yadsing, faded Bo yeasing, —fes2)=1 % yotnx. 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Toshowy=0¢¢+4= the pn lan fhe DE youryeo Sotaton Dito ya's Suing, eet tipeaseetoe -0 « adie: * #1 2A ap e2eotcdsinn eg see 508 Dire, ned ge" 008 Sting, (oe =e 4500+ lg +96" on) BU ce 469 #nN)= eset ‘The pic salt of te DE ashing te cciton 1)=2,008 rO)=-s ieee see ssine sun Peco See +cou 1@)ee) 36 see Bey =-6 eon) Solving suaion (2) nd 2) silane, and 6-2 and he rete slon ip = 26% 43inserces icity spose, erie i aetna ag iia Fath ee al mai ven te Parton ‘Sion eget, When ei ‘Str econo. 1. 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