2011-2012

Bracing for Steel Buildings

Dr. Ibrahim Fahdah

Damascus University

https://sites.google.com/site/ifahdah/home/lectures
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Bracing Systems
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Bracing Systems (cont.)

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Bracing System Location

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Connection Classification

Moment Connection

Shear Connection
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Concentrically Braced Frames

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Concentrically Braced Frames

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Eccentrically Braced Frames

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Bracing sections
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Bracing For Industrial Buildings

• Bracing resists horizontal forces such as wind, crane longitudinal surge, and earthquake.
• Every fourth or fifth bay may be braced. But no less than two should be provided.
• The bracing can be single diagonal members or cross members.
• Single bracing members must be designed to carry loads in tension and compression.
• With cross-bracing, only the members in tension are assumed to be effective and
those in compression are ignored.
• The internal frames resist the transverse wind load by bending in the cantilever columns.
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Roof Bracing Design for Industrial Buildings

AE Ac

AA

Ai : Area related to each node

Nnode : Number of Nodes
nB : Number of bracings
WL:Wind on the building face
Fr: Fractional drag load on the roof
Fw: Fractional drag load on the walls

R R
Nnode =4, nB =2

PA PC PE PC PA
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Side/Wall Bracing
Under compression
WH2 R Under tension

Load Combinations:
For Roof :
LC =1.4 WL

For Walls :
• LC1 =1.4 WL
• LC2 =1.2 (WL + WH2)
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Rafter horizontal bracing

Purlins

Bracing