National Seminar

On

Human Rights: Social Integration & Challenges

Organized By

“Centre For Human Rights And Subaltern Studies”

National University of Study & Research in Law, Ranchi

Human Rights and Terrorism

Presented By: Andlib Imrose B.A( LL.B )

Amisha Prakash (B.B.A

Introduction
“Terrorism is a contempt for human dignity”-KjellMagneBondevik1

The UK the Terrorism Act 2000 defines terrorism as2:

The use or threat of action designed to influence the government or an international

governmental organization or to intimidate the public, or a section of the public; made for the
purposes of advancing a political, religious, racial or ideological cause; and it involves or
causes:

 serious violence against a person;

 serious damage to a property;
 a threat to a person's life;
 a serious risk to the health and safety of the public; or
 serious interference with or disruption to an electronic system.

HISTORICAL TERRORISM

Terrorism is not a 21st century phenomenon and has its roots in early remonstrance and
political movements. The Sicarii were an early Jewish terrorist organization founded in the
first century AD they wanted to remove from the power the Romans of the Middle East.
Leader of the Zealots , Judas of Galilee, and a key influence on the Sicarii, believed that the
God alone should rule the Jews and armed resistance was peremptory.

The stratagem employed by the Sicarii was detailed by the historian Josephus around 50AD:
"they would mingle with the crowd, carrying short daggers concealed under their clothing,
with which they stabbed their enemies. Then when they fell, the murderers would join in the
cries of indignation and, through this plausible behavior, avoided discovery."13

Before the modern terrorism of the 20th century terrorism have many other key examples in
every nook and cranny of the history . Guy Fawkes' failed attempt at reinstating a Catholic

1
https://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/kjell_magne_bondevik_178725
2
https://www.questia.com/library/2988169/air-piracy-airport-security-and-international
terrorism

3
https://www.thoughtco.com/sicarii-first-century-terrorists-3209152
monarch is an example of an early terrorist plot motivated by religion. Meanwhile, example
of state terrorism is the dominion of terror during the French revolution.

KU KLUX KLAN (An American terrorist group)

The KKK used 3 main forms of terrorism which were lynching, bombings and shootings.
They are the group of people who believe in white supremacy and also use to beat and
whipped black. In America people ring a bell them by masks and pointy white hats. In 1866
by a group of confederate civil war veterans the Ku Klux Klan was set in motion. Originally
it was not specifically a racist organization but by coincidence a lot of its vehemence was
directed towards blacks because they were the majority of the anti-south republicans at that
time. They were more widely recognized as the racial hate group in the later carnations of the
20’s and 60’s than they are acknowledged to be today.4

Modern terrorism after the Second World War

In recent years use of terrorism to further a political cause has augmented. With the ascend of
nationalist movements in the old empires of the European powers modern terrorism largely
came into being after the second world war .Bruce Hoffman, director of the Centre of
Security Studies at Georgetown University writes that, "The ability of these groups to
mobilize sympathy and support outside the narrow confines of their actual “theaters of
operation” thus taught a powerful lesson to similarly aggrieved peoples elsewhere, who
now saw in terrorism an effective means of transforming hitherto local conflicts into
international issues. “In 1960s this blossoming paved the way for international terrorism..5

September 11 attacks

September 11 attacks, also called 9/11 attacks, series of airline hijackings and suicide
attacks committed in 2001 by 19 militants associated with the Islamic extremist group al-
Qaeda against targets in the United States, the deadliest terrorist attacks on American soil in
U.S. history. The attacks of September 2001 is also generally known as 9/11 . It also marked
as the threshold of the ‘war on terror’.6

4
https://www.history.com/topics/ku-klux-klan
5
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/2053168017739757
6
https://edition.cnn.com/2013/07/27/us/september-11th-hijackers-fast-facts/index.html
The subsequent table throws light on the terrorist attacks pre- and post-9/11. It blows the lead
off that terrorism pre-9/11 was telescoped in Latin America and Asia, but shifted to the
Middle East post-9/11--Peru, Chile and El Salvador and exhaustively disappear from the top
10.7

1970 to 9/11/2001 to
9/10/2001 2008

Rank Country % of All Attacks Country

1 Colombia 8.88 Iraq** 25.77

2 Peru* 8.35 India 9.48

3 El Salvador* 7.38 Afghanistan** 9.03

4 Northern Ireland 5.13 Pakistan 7.63

5 India 4.61 Thailand** 5.84

6 Spain 4.14 Philippines 3.85

7 Turkey 3.49 Russia 3.65

8 Chile* 3.15 Colombia 3.22

9 Sri Lanka 3.03 Israel 2.89

10 Philippines 2.96 Nepal** 2.55

In the following map kaleidoscopic of the concentration of global terrorist activity can
seen.

7
https://www.newamerica.org/in-depth/terrorism-in-america
8

8
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjNr56HqqniAhVM
AXIKHRE_AvkQjRx6BAgBEAU&url=https%3A%2F%2Fourworldindata.org%2Fgrapher%2Ffatalities-from-
terrorism&psig=AOvVaw1c5N6rEo9b_1JV-qIJiAH0&ust=1558414900537828
 Terrorism in India
The main attribute of the terrorist activities in the form of religious terrorism is India’s main
talk through. The motivation of religious terrorism is typically rooted in the based dogmas
and is performed by group of cookies. To spread or enforce a system of belief, viewpoint or
conjecture on religion terrorist acts throughout the centuries have been perpetrated on
religious grounds. Till the time India got independence (1947) , at least 232 of the
country’s 608 districts were afflicted, at different intensities, by various insurrectionist and
terrorist movements. 800 terrorist organizations are operational in the country in the current
framework.9

The major incident of terrorist attack on India is 10

12 March 1993 - Series of 13 bombs go off killing 257

14 March 2003 - Bomb goes off in a train in Mulund killing 10

29 October 2005- Delhi bombings

2006- Varanasi bombings

11 July 2006 - Series of seven bombs go off in trains killing

26 November 2008 to 29 November 2008 - Coordinated series of attacks killing at

least170.

This data shows that after 1980, the terrorist hullabaloos are increased in India.

9
https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/206341/3/chapter%201.pdf
10
Editorial, Reuters."TIMELINE: Major attacks in India since 2003".
26/11 attacks in India
The grim event of 26/11 have passed nine years. There is still , no shortage of similar events
in recent history. September 11 , 2001 attacks of Al Qaeda, the carnage at Al – Rawadh
mosque in Egypt , the massacre of school children in Beslan, and even the terrorist attack on
Mumbai in 1993 and 2006- all of these have taken a life greater than 26/11. Yet 26/11 have
stirred up two quintessential blowouts in India’s politics sermon. Firstly it has led to a
sublimation of public vexation and botheration with police and intelligence dispensation ,
which seemed unable to bulwark India’s citizens. It straightened out the agitation of citizens
against the India’s state meagerness to act on Pakistan’s sponsorship of terrorist group.
Undoubtedly, it can be that pleaded in favor that Prime Minister Manmohan Singh’s search
for peace with Pakistan lost much of its legitimacy that middle of the night. For all the terms
of disparagement 26/11 gave rise to, though, neither of these issues can be said to have been
dispatched in a meaningful way. There are chronic inadequacy and insufficiency of
everything from personnel with specialist technology skills to language and area specialists.
India has unable to be in conformity with its incumbency to modernize basic policing and
emergency facilities. Intelligence, investigation and forensics potentialities are abysmal.11
Secondly India’s relationship with Pakistan remains most nerve wracking. A hawkish posture
has been sanctioned and acceded by the Prime Minister NarendraModi – underlined by last
year’s cross- Line of Control raids earmarking targeting the Lashkar –e- Taiba. The actual
turnouts from his policies though, are deficient. Like the Bourbons, India has bygone nothing
and illuminated nothing.

11
https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/editorials/mumbai-26-11-attack-nine-years-later-lessons-unlearnt-al-
qaeda-attacks-terrorism/
12

ROHINGYA CRISIS (Buddhist Terrorism)

There are one millonRohingaya people in Myanmar’s Rhakine state. The have breathed there
for generations and are predominantly Muslims ethnic group .An ethnic group is a group of
people who share, or are descended from, the same cultural background.13The
Rohingaya people exclaim they have been ill-treated, battered and abused by Myanmar’s
government and military for many years. This has often gave rise to violence and has caused

12
https://im.rediff.com/news/2017/jun/05peace4-1.jpg
13
“ethnicity: definition of ethnicity
rigidity between them14 . The Myanmar government says the Rohingya people are illgal
immigrants from Bangladesh who don’t have a rightful place in the country. The UN’s top
official said that the way the military responded to the attack at the end of August was “
clearly disproportionate”. This means he does not conjecture that it was a fair way to reply to
the Rohingya attack by Arsa. Tens and thousands of Rohingyas had fled across the border
from their home state of Rhakineto Bangladesh, a country proximate neighbor , in scout out
safety. But Bangladesh does not give it’s eyeteeth for the refugee Rohingyas into the country
as it does not chime there. This is vamoosing many Rohingya people with nowhere to
accommodate. The UN says it has took possession of reports of the Myanmar military
breaking the law in how violent it has been towards ordinary Rohingya people. Its top human
right official aslo exclaimed that he thinks the way the Rohingya people have been treated
shows how the authorities are trying to get rid off them from Myanmar. To exterminate a
group of people like this is christened ethnic cleansing15

The Rohingya people have become emblem of human rights violations. Intimidated in
Myanmar and ejaculated on their flight to Bangladesh, the Burmese authorities mobilize law
and force to subjugate this ethnic-religious community. In the country, the supremacy of one

14
https://www.bbc.co.uk/newsround/41242024
15
Rubenstein, James M. (2008). The Cultural Landscape: An Introduction to Human Geography. Pearson,.ISBN
9780131346819.
ethnic group hedges, highlighting their bones of contention, has made a shifting of constant
inhibition. This instance may cast our mind back too one of the Tamils in Sri Lanka.16

Peshawar school massacre Terrorist Attack

On December 16, 2014, seven heavily armed Taliban fighters blustered an army-run primary
and secondary school in Peshawar, Pakistan. In Peshawar school massacre attack 150 people
were killed, of whom at least 134 were students.17

The Right to Education

The attacks in Peshawar are contemporary in a series of violations of Article 26 of the

Universal Declaration of Human Rights(1948)- The right to education- that had occurred in at
minimal of 30 countries across the world due to armed confrontation.18

In Pakistan, there were over 838 attacks on school between 2009 and 2012 leaving hundreds
of school annihilated and vindicating the lives of both students and teachers. Mostly
government-run school were high-flown , and exponents of female education are particularly
at danger.19

16
http://expertlegalreview.com/human-rights-rohingya-international-community/
17
https://gulfnews.com/world/asia/pakistan/lessons-learnt-from-2014-peshawar-school-attack-that-killed-147-
people-1.6097045
18
https://www.britannica.com/event/Peshawar-school-massacre
19
https://gemreportunesco.wordpress.com/2014/12/18/peshawar-and-the-human-right-to-education/
National Action Plan
In June 2014, in North Waziristan, Pakistan massive military action against the local and
foreign militants was set in motion but school attack showed clearly to be the catalyst for the
National Action Plan(NAP) by civil and military leadership to restraint terrorism.20

November 2015 Paris Attack

On November 13th 2015 there was an attack in Paris,France. In Stande de France , Saint-
Denis three bombers struck outside the stadium during a football match. 130 people were
killed by the attackers and seven of the attackers also died. Since the second world war
November 2015 attacks was the deadliest in France and the second deadliest in the European
union since the Madrid train bombing in 2004.21 In aftermath to the attacks , a 3 month state
of emergency was declared all over the country to help fight against terrorist. As a result
public demonstration was officially forbidden and police were granted permission to search
without a warrant, they got the power to put anyone under the arrest without trall and
websites were also blocked that supported act of terrorism.22

New Emergency Powers Threaten Right

The expanded emergency powers made permissible to the government to put a person under
house arrest without consent from a judge, without a judicial warrant conduct searches were
allowed so they got the power to seize any computer files they find, and they also got the
power to block websites which conceived to had terrorism without prior judicial assent. The
uncanny law had granted the French government immense domain to restrict liberty of
movement and could direct restriction on movement that develop into deprivation of liberty.
Freedom of movement and the right to liberty are guaranteed under the European Convention
23
on Human Rights (ECHR) and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
(ICCPR), 24both of which France has ratified. According to the new law, the interior minister

20
https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2014/12/24/pakistan-announces-a-national-plan-to-
fight-terrorism-says-terrorists-days-are-numbered/?noredirect=on&utm_term=.07f2ff4f5433
21
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-34818994
22
https://www.hrw.org/news/2015/11/24/france-new-emergency-powers-threaten-rights
23
https://www.equalityhumanrights.com/en/what-european-convention-human-rights
24
https://treaties.un.org/doc/publication/unts/volume%20999/volume-999-i-14668-english.pdf
were allowed to put under house arrest anyone “ against whom there were serious reasons to
believe that his or her behavior constitute a threat to public order and security.” The immense
capacity for the minister, with no requisite for the judicial authorization or review, had
expeditiously led to abuse. The law further was added which made that if the person has
undergone house arrest and had been convicted of a grave terrorism offense in the past and
has completed serving their sentence less than eight years earlier then the interior minister
had got the power to monitor the movement of that very particular person with a device, but
not without the person’s consent. With the coming of new law it can also be said that here
was violation to freedom of expression and to privacy under ECHR and ICCPR by
empowering the authorities authorizing the search to access and copy digital data saved on
electronic devices on the site or accessible from those devices. The law also allowed the
government dissolve organisaton and groups broadly illustrated as “ participating in carrying
out acts that seriously breach public order or whose activities facilitate carrying out or incite
such an activity.”

“France has a responsibility to ensure public safety and try to prevent further attacks, but the
police has used their new emergency powers in abusive, discriminatory, and
unjustifiedway.,”said IzzaLeghtas, Western Europe researcher at Human Rights Watch. “This
abuse has traumatized families and tarnished reputations, leaving targets feeling like second-
class citizens”25

So it can be said that France had made unjustified laws which resulted in violation of a
human rights.

Incident 1 :In one house raid, police entered in a disabled man’s house and bused up his four
teeth and later they realized that he wasn’t the same person they were searching for. In a
further incident , a single mother’s children were handed over to foster care following a raid.
People were now fearful of police and were also ostracized by their acquaintance. Measures
like searches and aids should always be done with judicial authorization, and even in urgent
scenario it should take place under accelerated steps keeping in mind that right of a human
should not be violated.26

25
https://www.hrw.org/news/2015/11/24/france-new-emergency-powers-threaten-rights
26
https://www.hrw.org/news/2015/11/24/france-new-emergency-powers-threaten-rights
Incident 2:The majority of searches and home arrest which took place was particularly
targeted to the people who were of North African descent and of muslim community. Many
people said that they were targeted because they were Muslims. Under article 15 of the
European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR)27and article 4 of the International Covenant
on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR),28 the government can impose restrictions on certain
rights, including freedom of movement, expression, and association, during states of
emergency, but only “to the extent strictly required by the exigencies of the situation.” Any
governs and steps taken must guarantee that the law is strictly commensurate with the aim
carried out and the powers are not executed in a prejudiced manner and do not discriminate
people of a particular social group, ethnicity an religion.

Incident 3 ; “ Ayub” a Muslim who was residing in France as a refugee for 10 years and
lives with his wife and four children, said police raided his home on November 2, 2015, and
placed him under a house arrest on grounds of being a “ radical” and gathering and sending
money to fund jihad in Syria, which he absolutely and unconditionally disowns. Ayub said
that he has a prosthetic leg and going to his local police station thrice a day becomes trouble
for him as it requires more physical hard pull than his day to day routine and because of his
health condition it results in a physical pain. The order also restricts his from leaving the
small town situated near Orleans where he reside and from heading out between 8 p.m and
6.00 am. “The police station is seven kilometers from my home”;he said. “ The bus stop is
300 meters from my home, and every time (I walk there)it hurts . I cant walk for more than
100 to 200 meters.” Ayub said that “ I’m tired morally andphysically depressed because of
this house arrest” he takes a extra medication to relieve the pain, he is suffering for
abdominal bleeding for which he was ushered into hospital. He also said that the walking had
created excruciation and agony which has created trouble for him.29

Jihad it is most common term use to radicalize Muslim youth to take weapons in
their hand and took innocent life in the name of religion and to please almighty. To
have a place in heaven

27
https://www.jus.uio.no/lm/coe.convention.on.human.rights.1950.and.protocols.to.1966.consoloidated/15.html
28
https://www.ohchr.org/en/professionalinterest/pages/ccpr.aspx
29
https://www.hrw.org/news/2015/11/24/france-new-emergency-powers-threaten-rights
 Sri Lanka- the deadliest terror attacks since 9/11
On 21 April 2019, Eater Sunday , three churches in Sri Lanka and three extravagance hotels
in the commercial capital Colombo was over-blown and synchronized suicide bombings. In
due course that very day itself there were minor explosions at a housing complex in
Dematagoda and a guest house in Dehiwala. 258 people were killed including at least 46
foreign nationals. The Easter attacks symbolize one of the most fatal and serious terrorist
operations since the September 11 attacks in the United States, outside of attacks within one
conflict zone. The Easter weekend attacks represent the Al- qadea attacks of the 2000s than
they do currnt attacks of IS. Like the 2000 attacks on the USS Cole in Yemen, the 201 attacks
in New work and Washington, the 2002 bombings in Bali,the 2003 truck bombs in Istanbul,
the 2004 train bombings in Madrid, the 2005tube and bus bombings in London, multiple
attackers acting in concert were involved in Sri Lanka. With the peculiarity of September 11,
all of these also involved spontaneous explosive instruments. Over the past reigns, Al- Qaeda
has been unable to accomplish out notable attacks outside of conflict zones. It has tended to
avoid indiscriminate mass killings, all the whilstflourishing its global network of branches.
With the emergence of IS there was transformation of terrorist attacks. Most attacks perched
in conflict zones( Iraq, Yemen, Afghanistan, Pakistan , southern Philippines). A number of
considerable attacks were conducted well outside the field of operations. On the minimum or
lower limit there were at least four such attacks in 2014 , 16 in 2015 , 22 in 2016, 18 in 217 ,
and 10 in 2018. By lone actors vast majority of these attacks were conducted.30

30
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/apr/29/sri-lanka-bombings-terror
 Why Sri Lanka? The othermatter of contentionis how one of the deadliest terrorist attacks
ever was able to becarried outin Sri Lanka? Sri Lanka was a soft target. In decade ago
through military Sri Lanka had successfully defeated the Tamil Tigers rebel group a decade
ago. So Sri Lanka became complacent . So the need for developing police and non military
intelligence capacity to converse terrorism were unheeded.The extensive attacks in Sri Lanka
over Easter serve to remind us the point of issue that were the energetic network will knock
in future.

Jihad

Jihad literally means struggle or effort, and it means much more the holy war.

Muslims use the word Jihad to describe three different kinds of struggle:

 A believer's internal struggle to live out the Muslim faith as well as possible

 The struggle to build a good Muslim society

 Holy war: the struggle to defend islam, with force if necessary

Many modern writers claim that the main meaning of Jihad is the internal spiritual struggle,
and this is accepted by many Muslims.

However there are so many references to Jihad as a military struggle in Islamic writings that
it is incorrect to claim that the interpretation of Jihad as holy war is wrong.
 What a Jihad is not

If following are intension then it is not Jihad:

 Forcing people to convert islam

 Colonizing Nation

 Conquer area for economic gain

 Demonstrating a power of leader

Although the Prophet engaged in military action on a number of occasions, these were
battles to survive, rather than conquest, and took place at a time when fighting between
tribes was common.

The Qur'an on Violence

It is claimed by Muslims that their faith advances freedom, equanimity and justice. So lets
have a short glance that what does it say . The entire Quran gives a message of faith,
loyalty and tranquility to the community of one billion people. The profound message of
Quran is that peace is to be found through faith in God , and justice through faith in God,
and justice among fellow human beings.

It is never to be forgotten that Quran oftentimes urges tolerance, clemency and restraints
and sounds a alarm to the believers not to “ fall from grace” or become “slave driver”.

If anyone slays a person- unless it be for murder or for spreading mischief in the land it
would be as if he slew all people. And if anyone saves a life, it would be as if he save the
life of all peple.- Quran 5:3231

I asked a Islamic scholar What Jihad maens? He Replied:

“Jihad is an ideological religious war against evil forces residing in oneself& others. The
main purpose of Jihad is to eradicate impure thoughts from human bodies and raise war
against evil thought prevalent in society. Literal meaning of Jihad is to win over our
weakness and frailties and go beyond them. Therefore it is wrong to say that jihad is war
against non-Muslims. It is true Jihad gets distorted to mean it terrorism and support for
terrorism. It is totally wrong that it promotes radicalism among Muslim youth. It teaches
about peace, compassion tolerance and co-existence. It is clear if any person succeeds to get
evil thoughts rid of his mind he become pure, free from any dark ideas. One who wins over

31
https://www.learnreligions.com/what-does-the-quran-say-about-terrorism-2004641
his bad things in himself he becomes pure and he contributes peace to be spread among
different civilization. The critic of Islam always misunderstood tenant contains in Jihad and
acquiesce Islam on the basis of these to promote terrorism which is not correct.”

In my opinion:
“Attempts must be made to warn Muslim youth who are easy target of Islamic fundamentalist
who misguide them to radicalism by misinterpreting Jihad to them and excite them to be
means of destruction. Therefore it is need of hour to wage war against Islamic terrorism in
scantly so that youth among Muslim are not got attracted to dark forces of destruction.”

The various central acts dealing with terrorism in the past and present are:

Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act or TADA32

32

https://www.advocatekhoj.com/library/bareacts/terrorist/index.php?Title=Terrorist%20and%20Disruptive%20A
ctivities
It is the first anti-terror law which came into force in the year 1985. At first it was enacted for
only a period of 2 years but later it got extension through TADA-1987. What we see in this
law is it put restrain on granting bails to terror suspect and increase power of detention of
suspect. Property of accused could also be attached. It is well establish law that confession
which is given before police officer is not admissible in court but this law make confession
before police officer admissible. Soon its misuse started. Unnecessary harassment of innocent
people taken place so this act have to be repealed in the year 1995.

The Prevention of Terrorism Act, 2002 (POTA)33

After hijacking of Indian Airline flight IC 814 and Indian government have to release
Masood Azhar who later became chief of terrorist organization Jaish-e-Mohammed and
attack on Indian Parliamnet in year 2001 this new law was enacted. This law recognises act
of raising fund for terror activity as a terrorist act. A separate chapter to deal with terrorist
organization was imcluded. Again like TADA this act was also misuse so government have
to repealed it in year 2004.

Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act (UAPA) Amendment34

It came into force in year 1967 and after that it was amended many times. This law increase
the ambit of terriost act by including offences that threaten economic security, counterfeiting
currency and procurement of weapons etc. At present under section 35 of the UAPA there
are 41 banned terrorist organisation.

Apart from this we also have laws enacted by state for example MCOCA( Maharashtra
Control of Organised Crime Act) and GCTOC( Gujrat Control of Terrorism and Organised
Crime) implemented in state of Maharashta and Gujrat respevtivly.

Article 2 of United Nation Deceleration Of Human Right: Right to life35

https://www.bc.edu/content/dam/files/schools/law/lawreviews/journals/bctwj/25_1/09_FMS.htm33
34
https://mha.gov.in/sites/default/files/UAPA-1967_0.pdf
35
https://www.un.org/en/universal-declaration-human-rights/
1. Everyone’s right to life shall be protected by law. No one shall be deprived of his life
intentionally save in the execution of a sentence of a court following his conviction of a crime
for which the penalty is provided by law.

2. Deprivation of life shall not be regarded as inflicted in contravention of this Article when it
results from the use of force which is no more than absolutely necessary:

 in defence of any person from unlawful violence

 in order to effect a lawful arrest or to prevent the escape of a person lawfully detained,
and
 in action lawfully taken for the purpose of quelling a riot or insurrection.

Human right and terrorism are closely associated with each other as when one starts the other
automatically get violated. It is direct attack on human rights. Direct connection between
human right and terrorism get reconisation 1st in World Conference on Human Rights in
Vienna, 1993, of the Vienna deceleration and its programme of Action stipulates that”acts,
methods and practices of terrorism in all its forms and manifestation as well as linking in
36
some countries to drug trafking are activites aimed at destruction of human rights. It put
end on all humanitarian and ethical beliefs. It doesn’t violates right of only citizen but it also
violates right of those who are involve in these terrorist organisation. As we all know that
nobody is born terrorist. Indoctrination, Religious Fundamentalism, Poverty There are many
factors that force them to do this act. From the above mention attacks and incidents it is very
clear that in these attacks many innocent people loose there life and we know that Right To
Life is one of the most important human right. As we know that human rights are broadly
classified into three generations and right to life is 1st generation human right. These right are
also called Blue right. We have these right available negative against state. Apart from right
to life these include equality before law, freedom of speech, right of fair trail etc. These right
very internationally accorded by the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human rights and later in
the 1966 of Internatioanl Convenent on Civil and Political Rights. This right to life is also
included In European Convention on human right(1953). This right to life is also enrinshed
in Constitution of different country incliding Constitution of India. As per Article 21 “No
person shall be deprived of his life or personal liberty except according to procedure

36
https://www.ohchr.org/en/aboutus/pages/viennawc.aspx
established by law. Thousand of people lost there life in these bomb blast and other terrorist
activity. What we observe is that it is grave violation of this basic right.

Human rights are so important that even state cant take it from individual. But what we
observe is when terrorism spreads state in the name of security often try to put restriction on
these rights. As we all know that terriosm is a grave threat to human right and state is duty
bound to take suitable steps to protect the life of its of citizen but in recent days misuse of
ant-terriorsm legislation itself became a threat to freedom of expression, including media
freedom. What we see in USA. The president of USA Donald Trump in 2017 put restriction
on citizen of 7 muslim majority country to travel to America in the name of Protection The
Nation from Foriegn Terriorist Entry. This is not fair. Curtailment of right in name of counter
terrorism will creates a breeding ground for terrorism. Now this will give more ground to
these relegios fundamentalist group to indoctrinate and manipulate youth. Improper counter
terrorism measures will result in very bad abuse of honest and innocent people intentionally
or by mistake. Capable security presomell are very much necessary to stop this dreadful
activity but they should never be given absolute authority or blank check. As we all know
that freedom from torture is also a basic human right. Giving brutal treatment to a terror
suspect to yield information often give false leads. A right respecting approach is the best
way to encourage them to provide useful information. Violation of a right to prevent further
violation is strategically unwise and counterproductive. When we speak about to have respect
for human right it doesn’t convey that we have to weak or lenient towards terrorist and
terrorism. It only means provide fair trail and take care that innocent shouldn’t be crushed.
Protecting everyone right means providing justice to everyone that means we have to work on
both ends guarantee the safety of the innocent and as well as punish the culprit. We must not
give chance to these religious fundamenatist to arouse feeling of hatred in heart of our youth.
If state misuse its authority during War against terriorism these fundamentalist will get
opportunity to indoctrinate our Youth. Ask them to take wepons to kill people as there
religion is in danger and if they do so they will go to heaven. Misguided youth they fail to
understand that God is there to protect its religion who are they to take life of innocent in
name of God and religion. As we mention earlier thousand of men, women children lost there
in these attacks what we witness in attack of 9/11of USA or 26/11 attack in India and other
terrorist attack.Correctly said by Our Former Prime Minister Late Atal Bihari Vajpayee
“Terriosm has become a festering wound. It is an enemy of humanity”. It is grave violation of
human right at mass level and its very sad for us that in this 21st century we are not able to
curb it effectively.
 Conclusion and Suggestions

As from the above discussion it is very clear that how these terrorist activities
extremely violates basic our basic human right so there is dire need to curb this. In our
opinion these are some method which can be helpful to put check on this:

 There must be strict control on supply of materials which is use in

manufacturing of weapons and obvious also on the manufactured weapons.
State should take all measures to put person behind Bar who help these
terrorist organisation to have reach to these weapons which they use in
destruction
 Economic system in world should develop in such a way we can monitor the
flow of currency. It have dual advantage. If we able to do this we can not only
put check on funding of these organisation but also we can control corruption.
 Internet is like heaven for these terrorist. They use internet to communicate
among themselves and to outside world. They use internet to indoctrinate
young mind and recruit them into their group. Shutting down of terrorist
website is only temporary measure. To put end on this webmaster should be
stop. Whenever a new SIM card purchased by any person then proper
verification of the person should be done. Easy availability of phone number is
very helpful to these people. If we paralyze their means of communication
then it will be easy for us to control terrorism.
 People who are educated are tends to radicalize less and they are not easily
influence by violent speeches. Education can be called as greatest weapon
against this terrorism. In words of Malala Yousafzai the Nobel peace prize
winner “With guns you can kill terrorists, with education you can kill
terrorism.
 Poverty is also main reason behind this. Ajaml Amir Kasab who involve in
attack of 26/11 mumbai attacks his parents were poor and couldn’t cater basic
needs of there children so they send him in one of those jihadi camps. If
proper facility of education and proper job opportunity given to youth they
will not join these so called revolutionary camp for sake of money.
 Last, there are some nation like Pakistan and Afghanistan which are safe
haven for terrorist there must be international pressure made on these nation to
 stop there foreign policy of terrorism. There are many terrorist attack on India
including the recent Pathankot & Balakot attacks there is clear involvement of
Pakistani terrorist. No place should be like safe haven for these dangerous
people.

The Muslims who defend militant 'jihad' as their religious duty, on investigation, fall into the
category of extremist, fringe groups ,which exist in other faiths and ideologies as well.
However, the vast majority of mainstream Muslims speak with one voice on the sanctity of
human life, as underscored by Quranic injunctions. The way that the 'jihad' of Al-Qaeda
organization, and similar groups, operate by attacking unsuspecting, innocent civilians in the
pursuit of a 'bigger' cause, falls outside the pale of Quranic injunctions that stresses the
sanctity of human life. It is a challenge both to extremist interpretations of anti-Islam forces
embedded within the 'secular' West to read the actual message of the Quran in order to
understand what Islam stands for, as well as for the Muslim world to allow the mainstream
tolerant Islam to reassert its moral authority on what interpretations truly reflect the spirit of
Islam. jIhad in its misrepresented version is used by religious zealot to radicalize youth of
Muslim community to took weapon in hand and took innocent life to please almighty. They
do not able to understand that they are not doing service to God but actually causing
destruction of humanity and human rights. Although it is no where mention that Jihad means
to kill the person of the follower of another religion but it misrepresented that it means to kill
the non-believers(One who don’t follow Islam). They consider them as Kafir and use the
term Jihad to take their life in the name of pleasing almighty which is totally wrong. Islam is
religion of peace it doesn’t talk about violence. For the personal sake and purpose they use of
our youth, destroy their future Due these people of Muslim community is seen with the eye of
suspect. All the Muslim is presumed to be radical and one who support the terrorism but this
these totally wrong. There are only few people who for their personal gain do the
indoctrination of youth and use their marginalized situation for their personal welfare and
also cause destruction of human right.