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AECT360-Lecture 33 PDF
AECT360-Lecture 33 PDF
Similar to wood columns (or any column in general), steel columns are susceptible
to buckling if not adequately laterally braced. The load-carrying capacity of
compression members is inversely proportional to the slenderness ratio, which is
defined as:
kL
Slenderness ratio = < 200
r
where:
k = modification factor based on column end conditions (see below)
r = radius of gyration
I
=
A
= from properties in textbook appendix
Lecture 33 - Page 1 of 13
A graph of the load-carrying capacity of a column vs. the slenderness ratio is
shown below:
kL
r
Column Shapes
W12x65 W12x14
Lecture 33 - Page 2 of 13
Allowable Loads in Columns and Compression Members
Pallow = FaAg
where:
Pallow = allowable axial compressive load, kips
⎡ (kL / r )2 ⎤
⎢1 − 2 ⎥ y
F
⎢⎣ 2C c ⎥⎦ Fy = steel yield stress, KSI
=
5 3(kL / r ) (kL / r ) = 36 KSI for A36 steel
3
+ − 3 = 50 KSI for A992 steel
3 8C c 8C c
= 50 KSI for A572 steel
= 46 KSI for A500 steel
2π 2 E
Cc =
Fy
Lecture 33 - Page 3 of 13
Example 1
GIVEN: A W10x45 column using A992 steel is laterally braced at 14’-0” for
both the X and Y axes. Use “k” = 1.0.
REQUIRED: Determine the allowable axial compressive load, Pallow that
can be applied to the column.
kL (1.0)(14' x12" / ft )
=
ry 2.01in
kL (1.0)(14' x12" / ft )
=
rx 4.33in
= 38.8
2π 2 E
Cc =
Fy
2π 2 (29000 KSI )
=
50 KSI
= 107
Lecture 33 - Page 4 of 13
Step 3 – Determine Fa:
⎡ (kL / r )2 ⎤
⎢1 − 2 ⎥ y
F
Fa = ⎣⎢ 2C c ⎦⎥
5 3(kL / r ) (kL / r )
3
+ − 3
3 8C c 8C c
⎡
−
(83.6)2 ⎤50 KSI
⎢1 ⎥
⎣ 2(107) 2 ⎦
=
5 3(83.6) (83.6)
3
+ −
3 8(107) 8(107) 3
= 18.28 KSI
Pallow = FaAg
Lecture 33 - Page 5 of 13
Allowable Axial Stress Tables:
Fy = 36 KSI
Lecture 33 - Page 6 of 13
Fy = 50 KSI
Lecture 33 - Page 7 of 13
Example 2
GIVEN: The W10x45 A992 column from Example 1.
REQUIRED: Using the allowable axial stress table, determine Pallow.
Pallow = FaAg
Example 3
GIVEN: The free-standing 6” diameter standard weight ASTM A501 (Fy = 36 KSI)
steel column supports a sign weighing 9000 lbs. For simplicity, disregard col. wt.
REQUIRED: Determine if the column is adequate to carry the load.
Sign
15’-0”
Ground
Since the pipe is symmetric about both axes, only need to check kL/r
for either axes.
kL (2.10)(15' x12" / ft )
= = 168
ry 2.25in
Pallow = FaAg
= 5.29 KSI(5.58 in2) = 29.5 kips
Since Pallow = 29.5 kips > 9 kips → column is acceptable
Lecture 33 - Page 8 of 13
Column Load Tables
Lecture 33 - Page 9 of 13
Lecture 33 - Page 10 of 13
Lecture 33 - Page 11 of 13
Example 4
GIVEN: A column has an axial load of 200 kips and a kL = 14’-0”.
REQUIRED:
1) Design the lightest weight wide flange column using A992 steel (Fy =
50 KSI).
2) Design the lightest weight standard weight steel pipe column using
A501 steel (Fy = 36 KSI).
Lecture 33 - Page 12 of 13
Column Base Plate Bolting Requirements
Lecture 33 - Page 13 of 13