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Multiple Evaporator and Compressor Syste PDF
Multiple Evaporator and Compressor Syste PDF
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Content
Multiple Evaporator Systems
Multiple Compressor Systems
Compound Compression
2
Multipressure Systems
• A multipressure system is a refrigeration system that has two or more low side
pressures.
• A multipressure system may be found in:
• A dairy where one evaporator operates at -35oC to harden ice cream
while another evaporator operates at 2oC to cool milk.
• A process industry where a two- or three-stage compression
arrangement serves an evaporator operating at a low temperature of -
20oC or lower.
• There are two methods employed to increase the refrigerating capacity and to
reduce the power consumption for multipressure system:
• Flash gas removal
• Intercooling
3
สามารถเพิ่มค่า C.O.P ของระบบการทาความเย็นโดย
1. เพิ่มประสิ ทธิผลการทาความเย็น (Refrigerating effect), RE, ซึ่งจะสามารถ
ทาได้โดยการให้สารทาความเย็นมีสถานะเป็ นของเหลวให้ได้มากที่สุด
ก่อนจะส่ งเข้าตัวอีวาโปเรเตอร์ ดังนั้นต้องทาการซับคูลลิ่งและกาจัดไอสาร
ทาความเย็นก่อน
2. ลดงานของการอัดที่คอมเพรสเซอร์(Compression work), W, ซึ่งในระบบ
อัดหลายขั้นตอนจะอาศัยหลักการอันนี้ ซึ่งจะเป็ นการอัดสารทาความเย็น
ให้มีค่าใกล้สถานะอิ่มตัวให้ได้มากที่สุด
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Flash Gas Removal
Refrigerant vapor to
compressor
• Here the liquid refrigerant settles to the bottom of the chamber and the
fraction of vapor (flash gas) is drawn off the top and routed directly to the
suction side of the compressor. The remaining liquid refrigerant is then routed
to the evaporator.
• By removing the vapor portion of the mixture before it gets to the evaporator
the separator enhances the effectiveness of the evaporation process.
5
Flash Gas Removal
1
m 3 = m4 + m6
Pressure (P)
4 3 6
m4 = mf
5 7
m6 = mg
Enthalpy (h) 6
Intercooling
m 5 = m6 + m7
4
5
Pressure (P)
m3 = m6 + m2
6 3
2
7 1 m3 = mg
Enthalpy (h)
7
Intercooling
Water or some part of liquid refrigerant from In Out
condenser
6 5 3
Pressure (P)
8
Enthalpy (h)
• Intercooling in a refrigeration system can be accomplished with a water-
cooled heat exchanger or by using liquid refrigerant from the condenser.
• Intercooling between two stages of compression reduces the work of
compression by working on isentropics closer to the saturation curve.
• Processes 1-2-3 and 4-5 are on lines of constant entropy, but process 2-3 falls
on a flatter curve than process 4-5.
• The compressed vapors from the low-stage compressor (2) bubbles through
the liquid in the intercooler and the vapors are cooled to the saturation
temperature (4) at the pressure of the intercooler.
• A further benefit of intercooling is that the discharge temperature from the
high-stage compressor at 5 will be lower than that of at 3.
• The lower discharge temperature permits better lubrication and results in
longer life of the compressor.
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• There is an optimum pressure at which the intercooling should take
place.
• In the compression of air, where the intercooling is achieved by
rejecting heat to the ambient or to cooling water, the intermediate
pressure is computed by: p i pdps
• In refrigeration systems, complete intercooling is not possible as it is
done by water or air. Thus, the recommended expression in
refrigeration systems is estimated by:
p i p d ps (Td / Ts )
where pi = Intercooler pressure
pd and Td = Discharge pressure and temperature (oK) of high-stage compressor
ps and Ts = Suction pressure and temperature (oK) of low-stage compressor
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Pressure (P)-Enthalpy (h) Chart : Flash Gas Removal
h 6 h5
h8 h 7
Qe
C.O.P
Qw
4 2
Pressure (P)
5 1
m
Qe
h1 h8
7 6 3
Qc m
1(h 2 h5 ) m
3 (h 4 h5 )
8 1 Qw m
1(h 2 h1 ) m
3 (h 4 h3 )
7 m
m 1
Enthalpy (h) 11
Heat and Mass Balances : Flash Gas Removal
3
Mass balance: 6 m
m 7 m
3
1m
h6 (m 3 ) h 7m
1 h3m
3
h6 h7 x6
3 m
m 1( ) 1
3 m
m
h3 h6 1 x6
12
Pressure (P)-Enthalpy (h) Chart : Intercooling
h5 h6 h7
Qe
C.O.P
Qw
Qw m
1 (h 2 h1 ) m
3 (h 4 h 3 )
5 4 Qe
Pressure (P)
1
m
h1 h 7
3 2
6
Qc m
3 (h 4 h 5 )
7 1
Qw m
1 (h 2 h1 ) m
3 (h 4 h 3 )
Enthalpy (h) 13
Heat and Mass Balances : Intercooling
Heat balance: 6 h 2m
h 6m 1 h 3m
3
Mass balance: 3 m
m 6 m
1
h2 h6 h2 h3
3 m
m 1( ) m 6 m 1 ( )
h3 h6 h3 h6
14
Exercise I
25oC
Flash High-stage
intercooler
Compressor
and flash
tank
6 2
7 8 Evaporator 1
60 kW
-10oC
Low-stage 16
Compressor
Multiple Evaporator Systems
17
1: Multiple evaporators - Single temperature, Compressor, and
Expansion Valve
3 Condenser
40oC
4 Evaporator I 2
35 kW; -10oC
Evaporator II
70 kW; -10oC
1
Evaporator III Compressor
105 kW; -10oC
18
1: Multiple evaporators - Single temperature, Compressor, and
Expansion Valve (Cont.)
3 40oC 2
Pressure (P)
-10oC
4 1
Enthalpy (h) 19
1: Multiple evaporators - Single temperature, Compressor, and
Expansion Valve
1 m
m I m
II m
III
Qw m
1 (h 2 h1 )
35 kW 70 kW 105 kW Qc m
1(h 2 h3 )
1
m
h1 h 4 h1 h 4 h1 h 4
Qe
C.O.P
Qw
(35 kW 70 kW 105 kw ) Qe
1
m
h1 h 4 h1 h 4
20
2: Multiple Evaporators and Temperatures – Single Compressor with
Individual Expansion Valves
3
Condenser
40oC
4 Evaporator I 5 6 2
35 kW; 10oC
7 Evaporator II 8 9
70 kW; 5oC
1
10 Evaporator III 11 Compressor
105 kW; -10oC 21
2: Multiple Evaporators and Temperatures – Single Compressor with
Individual Expansion Valves (Cont.)
3 40oC 2
Pressure (P)
4 10oC 5
7 5oC 8
10 -10oC 11
1 6
9
Enthalpy (h) 22
2: Multiple Evaporators and Temperatures – Single Compressor
with Individual Expansion Valves (Cont.)
105 kW
III
m
h11 h10 Qw m
1 (h 2 h1 )
II
m
70 kW
Qc m
1(h 2 h3 )
h8 h 7
35 kW 70 kW 105 kW
35 kW C.O.P
mI
Qw
h5 h 4
I
5
m
Mass balance:
8 1 1 m
m I m
II m
III
II
m m 1
11 Heat balance:
III
m
1 h5m
h1m I h8m
II h11m
III
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3: Multiple Evaporators and Temperatures – Single Compressor with
Multiple Expansion Valves
3
Condenser
40oC
4 Evaporator I 5 6
35 kW; 10oC 2
7
8 Evaporator II 9 10
70 kW; 5oC
11 1
12 Evaporator III 13 Compressor
105 kW; -10oC
24
3: Multiple Evaporators and Temperatures – Single Compressor with
Multiple Expansion Valves (Cont.)
3 40ooC 2
Pressure (P)
7 4 10ooC 5
11 8 5oC 9
-10oC 13
12 1 106
Enthalpy (h) 25
3: Multiple Evaporators and Temperatures – Single Compressor
with Multiple Expansion Valves (Cont.)
Evaporator III Evaporator II Evaporator I
5 m
m I m
I
105 kW
III
m II
70 kW
h13 h12 m
h9 h8
35 kW
I
m
h5 h 4
13 m
m III 9 m
m II m
II
x x4
II m
m III ( 8 ) I (m
m 9 m
13 ) ( )
1 x8 1 x4
h4 h7
x4
h8 h11 h5 h7
x8
h 9 h11
26
3: Multiple Evaporators and Temperatures – Single Compressor
with Multiple Expansion Valves (Cont.)
5 Mass balance:
5
m
1 m
m 5 m
9 m
13
9 1
9
m 1
m 1 (m
I m
I ) (m
II m
II ) m
III
m
13
13
m
Heat balance:
1 h 5m
h 1m 5 h 9m
9 h 13 m
13
1 h 5 (m
h 1m I m
I ) h 9 (m
II m
II ) h 13 m
III
Qw m
1 (h 2 h1 ) Qc m
1(h 2 h3 )
35 kW 70 kW 105 kW
C.O.P
Qw
27
Multiple Compressor Systems
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1: Multiple evaporators, Temperatures, and Compressors with
Individual Expansion Valves
7 Condenser
40oC
6
8 Evaporator I
35 kW; 10oC
5 Compressor I 4
9 Evaporator II
70 kW; 5oC
3 Compressor II 2
10 Evaporator III
105 kW; -10oC
1 Compressor III 29
1: Multiple evaporators, Temperatures, and Compressors with
Individual Expansion Valves (Cont.)
7 40oC 6 42
Pressure (P)
10oC 5
8 5oC
9 3
-10oC 1
10
Enthalpy (h) 30
1: Multiple evaporators, Temperatures, and Compressors with
Individual Expansion Valves (Cont.)
Evaporator III Evaporator II Evaporator I
105 kW 70 kW I
35 kW
III
m II
m m
h 1 h 10 h3 h9 h5 h8
Q w ,III m
III (h 2 h1 ) Q w ,II m
II (h 4 h 3 ) Q w ,I m
I (h 6 h 5 )
Qc m
I (h 6 h 7 ) m
II (h 4 h 7 ) m
III (h 2 h 7 )
35 kW 70 kW 105 kW
C.O.P
Q w ,I Q w ,II Q w ,III
31
2: Multiple evaporators, Temperatures, and Compressors with
Multiple Expansion Valves
7 Condenser
40oC
6
8 Evaporator I
35 kW; 10oC
9 5 Compressor I 4
10 Evaporator II
70 kW; 5oC
11 3 Compressor II 2
12 Evaporator III
105 kW; -10oC
1 Compressor III 32
2: Multiple evaporators, Temperatures, and Compressors with
Multiple Expansion Valves (Cont.)
7 40oC 6 42
Pressure (P)
9 8 10oC 5
11 10 5oC 3
-10oC 1
12
Enthalpy (h) 33
2: Multiple evaporators, Temperatures, and Compressors with Multiple
Expansion Valves (Cont.)
Q w ,III m
1 (h 2 h1 )
II m
m
x
III ( 10 ) x8
1 x10 I (m
m 3 m
1 )( )
1 x8
h 10 h 11 h8 h9
x 10 x8
h 3 h 11 h5 h9
Q w ,II m
3 (h 4 h 3 ) Q w ,I m
5 (h 6 h 5 )
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2: Multiple evaporators, Temperatures, and Compressors with Multiple
Expansion Valves (Cont.)
Qc m
5 (h 6 h 7 ) m
3 (h 4 h 7 ) m
1 (h 2 h 7 )
35 kW 70 kW 105 kW
C.O.P
Q w ,I Q w ,II Q w ,III
35
Compound Compression
4
11 12
Flash Tank
6 30oC
7
Evaporator I 13
8 70 kW; 10oC
3
Compressor I
9 Intercooler
2
10 Evaporator II
105 kW; -10oC
1
Compressor II
37