Brief history of perspective

n Geometric perspective was developed

during the renaissance ( 15th century) by
Filippo Brunelleschi.
n Renaissance artists were obsessed with
the idea of creating an illusion of 3-
3-
dimensions on a flat surface.
n Trompe l’oeil artists, who mastered
perspective, created illusions that were so
realistic that they fooled the eye.
Experiments with foreshortening
Study of chalice – Paolo Occello
 Enlarged results of two extreme positions.
Note :a) The excessive distortion of the red cube and the very short distance between the VPs.
b) The black cube is not distorted and has its VPs extending well beyond the paper space.

VP1 VP1
 Conclusions drawn from the cube observations

n The vanishing points are to be placed at the extreme edges of

the drawing paper.
n The included angle at the bottom of the object being drawn
should always be considerably more than 90°
90° ( at least,
approximately 120°
120°). With this arrangement, the height,
(although slightly foreshortened), can be assumed to remain
unchanged.

VP 1 VP 2

122
°
 Using the given vanishing points and starter lines draw a perspective view of a cube size 100mm.

Variations of the
rectangle method VP 1
VP2

Practically, the
foreshortening of the
sides depends on the
sighting point, therefore, GRAPHICAL COMMUNICATION TITLE: TWO - POINT PERSPECTIVE

the mid-
mid-point of the Using the given vanishing points and starter lines draw a perspective view of a cube sise 100mm.

upper side, or the

corners of the rectangle, VP 1
VP2

may be used to find the

approximate
foreshortening.

GRAPHICAL COMMUNICATION TITLE: TWO - POINT PERSPECTIVE

 Using the given vanishing points and starter lines draw a perspective view of a cube sise 100mm.

VP 1
VP2

GRAPHICAL COMMUNICATION TITLE: TWO - POINT PERSPECTIVE

Using the given vanishing points and starter lines draw a perspective view of a cube sise 100mm.

Advantage of the rectangle VP 1

VP2

method:
GRAPHICAL COMMUNICATION TITLE: TWO - POINT PERSPECTIVE

Using the given vanishing points and starter lines draw a perspective view of a cube sise 100mm.

The foreshortened sides, VP 1

VP2

(unlike the 90 degrees

method), remain the same GRAPHICAL COMMUNICATION TITLE: TWO - POINT PERSPECTIVE

Using the given vanishing points and starter lines draw a perspective view of a cube sise 100mm.

regardless of the relation of VP 1

VP2

the object to the eye level.

GRAPHICAL COMMUNICATION TITLE: TWO - POINT PERSPECTIVE

Using the given vanishing points and starter lines draw a perspective view of a cube sise 100mm.

VP 1
VP2

GRAPHICAL COMMUNICATION TITLE: TWO - POINT PERSPECTIVE

Eliminating diagonals and replacing by a perspective scale
to determine perspective dimensions

VP 1

12 12 20 20
24 40

GLASS PANE

GRAPHICAL COMMUNICATION TITLE: TWO - POINT PERSPECTIVE

Enlarged view showing that diagonals and the perspective scale coincide exactly.

12 12 20 20
24 40
Perspective scale explained in more detail

EYE LEVEL LINE

VP

30

240 ( True length of side )

Comparison with the diagonal method

EYE LEVEL LINE

VP

30

240 ( True length of side )

Comparison with the diagonals method

EYE LEVEL LINE

VP

30

240 ( True length of side )

Advantages of the perspective scale over other methods
a) Any dimension can be represented using the perspective scale method,
b) diagonals can be eliminated thus keeping the drawing simpler and more tidy,
c) perspective circles can be constructed with much greater accuracy.

EYE LEVEL LINE

VP

63
137

194

240
 Example 2

GRAPHICAL COMMUNICATION TITLE: TWO - POINT PERSPECTIVE

Example
 Worked Example

n Convert the
given
isometric
projection
into a
perspective
projection.
 Step 1

VP1 VP2

88

70 150
 Step 2

VP1 VP2

70 150
 Step 3

VP1 VP2

70 150
 Step 4

VP1 VP2

12 24 22 12 31 12 16 32 16 12 31

70 150
 Step 5

VP1 VP2

12 24 22 12 31 12 16 32 16 12 31

70 150
 Step 6

VP1 VP2

12

12 24 22 12 31 12 16 32 16 12 31

70 150
 Step 7

VP1 VP2

12

12 24 22 12 31 12 16 32 16 12 31

70 150
 Step 8

VP1 VP2

12

12 24 22 12 31 12 16 32 16 12 31

70 150
Single--point Perspective
Single
In this particular condition, the construction of a single-
single-point perspective
room is considerably simplified
 One / Two-
Two-Point Perspective
Matchbox experiments on chequered tiles
Drawing of an interior using 1 vanishing point.

NAME: DRAWING NUMBER:

TITLE: ONE / TWO POINT PERSPECTIVE
FORM: DATE: CHECKED BY:
 One / Two-
Two-Point Perspective
Matchbox experiments on chequered tiles
Drawing of an interior using 3 vanishing points.

NAME: DRAWING NUMBER:

TITLE: ONE / TWO POINT PERSPECTIVE
FORM: DATE: CHECKED BY: