Addressing the human element

Human factors considerations

Human resources Social & organisational
considerations considerations Achieved through Human Factors Engineering (HFE)

Recruitment Organisational Habitability Maintainability Security Occupational Health

Configuration and Safety
• Crew nationality • Religious & cultural differences • Shipboard maintenance policy • Company/ship physical,
• Language onboard
• • Need for privacy • Through-life support documentary & cyber security
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• Selection criteria
International conventions
• Bathroom facilities • Onboard expertise
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policies Company/ship occupational

• Physical characteristics for the

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& regulations
• Messing arrangements • Accessibility Human threat landscape (error,
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health & safety policies
tasks to be done
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Industry best practice
• Facilities for personal recreation • Provision & location of tools
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misuse and abuse)
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Health & wellbeing

• Terms & conditions of service

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Company structure
& study • Location of heavy spare parts Relationship between security
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Personal health

• Appropriate competencies
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Roles & responsibilities
• Communications connectivity • Bench space
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and safety Health awareness – mental

• Appropriate experience
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Company standing orders
• Need for natural light • Removal routes
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Updating of security knowledge
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& physical

• Disciplinary & complaints process

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Organisational culture
• Storage space for personal effects • Noise protected communications Seafarer role in protective
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Short/long term hazards to health

• Leave & travel arrangements

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Staffing
• Furnishing, interior design • Policy for onboard spares
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measures
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Safe working practices

• Medical screening
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Communication & connectivity & decoration • Training for confidence and Tripping/falling/bumping/crushing

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Storage of spare parts and supplies
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hazards
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Job design knowledge
• Career development
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Cleanability
Surface coverings •
Handling of heavy parts
Disposal of parts & equipment • Awareness of, and response Provision, maintenance, access &
use of PPE
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to, threat
• Team cohesion Accident recording, reporting,
• Management of security risks investigation & feedback

Manning Social environment Manoeuvrability

• Minimum safe manning • Intended role • Potential weather conditions
Controllability Survivability System safety
compliance • Security as practiced • Communications
• Tasks, duties & responsibilities • Safety as practiced • Minimum/maximum/manoeuvring
• • •
• Numbers, grades & roles • Trust speed Control room, workstation, display
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Availability of manpower
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Hazards to/from crew
• Watchkeeping patterns • Ethos, core values, pride, allegiance • Propulsion/manoeuvring systems
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screen layout Emergency response systems
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Human element in analysis of risks
• Hours of work & rest • configuration
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Computer dialogue design
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& procedures Human element in treatment of
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Individual habits & personality
• Fatigue management • Critical system redundancy
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Controls & switches
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Ship layout & equipment fit
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risks
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Leadership styles
• Retention measures • Health & wellbeing awareness –
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Available harbour services
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System integration Firefighting & damage control
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Ability to respond
• Continuity at handover mental & physical Through-life costs
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Communications
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systems & equipment
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Ability to monitor
• Succession planning • Risk awareness • Protection of the environment
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Alarm philosophy & management
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Lifesaving appliances
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Ability to learn
• Promotion paths • Communication/working • Fuel economy
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Direct & peripheral vision
Daytime/night-time vision •
Personal Survival & medical kits
Search & rescue communications •
Ability to anticipate
Business imperative
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language
• Dazzle • Escape & evacuation routes • Potential for human &
Team dynamics
• Reflection • Crisis management plans organisational error
• Glare • Potential for environmental
damage & pollution
• Training & familiarization
Education & Training Ways of working Workability
• Required knowledge, skills • Environmental/capability stressors • The users
& abilities • Impact of fatigue/stress • Tasks
• STCW competencies • Degree of automation • Fitness for task Human element considerations will raise human To download this centrespread together
• System-specific training • Policies, processes & procedures • Equipment
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with associated centrespreads go to
In-house/onboard training • Guidelines & practices • Accessibility element issues which if not addressed can become
• •
www.he-alert.org/docs/published/he01355
facilities system hazards.
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Working hours Communications
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or scan the QR Code
Management/leadership training
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Methods of communication Signage

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Technical training • Information sharing • Protective equipment In ship design and operation this list of Human Element
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Safety & security training • Recording, reporting & feedback • Size, shape & gender

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Induction procedures • Strength & stamina considerations should be examined for issues.
Onboard familiarisation • Easy to understand operating •
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Posture
Safety drills instructions & procedures Where these are identified the potential hazards to
• Onboard continuation training
effectiveness, efficiency, safety and user satisfaction
• Distance learning
• CPD should be assessed and addressed as appropriate.