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Mass Mg
fixed ratio for a compound
Mass O
16.89 g Mg 2.00 g Mg
11.11 g O xgO
16.89g x g 11.11 g 2.00 g
x 1.32 g O
1
2A
arranged in numbered rows – 3A 4A 5A 6A 7A 8A
2
H “periods” He
11
Na
12
Mg
“families”
3B 4B 5B 6B 7B 8B 8B 8B 1B 2B
13
Al
14
Si
15
P
16
S
17
Cl
18
Ar
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
55 56 57 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
87 88 89 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 114
58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
• Nonmetals
Lack the properties of metals
Tend to pulverize when struck with a hammer
Non-conductors of electricity and heat
Many are gases, a few solids, and one liquid (Br)
React with metals to form (ionic) compounds
• Metalloids
Have properties between metals and nonmetals
• Na2CO3 • 2
___Na, 1 C, ___
___ 3 O
• (NH4)2SO4 • 2
___N, 8
___H, 1 ____O
___S, 4
• Mg3(PO4)2 • 3
___Mg, 2 ____O
___P, 8
• CuSO4•5H2O • 1
___Cu, 1 ___O,
___S, 9 10
___H
• Alkanes are
C Prefix Suffix Name
hydrocarbons (contain 1 Meth- Methane
only C and H) 2 Eth- Ethane
• Always have a ratio of 3 Prop- Propane
4 But- +ane
atoms CnH2n+2 5 Pent-
• Named using a prefix 6 Hex-
designating the 7 Hept-
8 Oct-
number of C 9 Non-
• All have –ane suffix. 10 Dec-
• butane
• octane
+
+
- -
• Cations:
If the metal forms only one positive ion, the cation
name is the English name for the metal
If the metal forms more than one positive ion, the
cation name is the English name followed, without a
space, by the numerical value of the charge written as
a Roman numeral in parentheses
• Anions:
monatomic anions are named by adding the “–ide”
suffix to the stem name for the element
polyatomic ions use the names in Table 2.5
• Format:
number prefix + 1st element name number prefix + stem_ide for 2nd element.
• Greek prefixes
mono- = 1 (omitted on 1st atom) hexa- =6
di- =2 hepta- =7
tri- =3 octa- = 8
tetra- = 4 nona- = 9
penta- = 5 deca- = 10
• calcium hydroxide
Ca(OH)2
• mercury(I) nitride
(Hg2)3N2
• ammonium phosphate
(NH4)3PO4
75
Summary of Properties
Hardness and brittleness
Molecular compounds tend to be soft and easily crushed
because the attractions between molecules are weak and
molecules can slide past each other
Ionic compounds are hard and brittle because of the strong
attractions and repulsions between ions
76
Melting Points
To melt the a solid, there must be sufficient kinetic
energy to overcome the attractions between particles
Molecular compounds have weak attractions between
particles and so tend to have low melting points
Many molecular compounds are gases at room
temperature
Ionic compounds tend to have strong attractions so they
have high melting points
Nearly all ionic compounds are solids at room
temperature
77
Electrical Conductivity
• Requires the movement of electrical
charge
• Ionic compounds:
Do not conduct electricity in the solid
state
Do conduct electricity in the liquid and
aqueous states-the ions are free to move
• Molecular compounds:
Do not conduct electricity in any state
Molecules are comprised of uncharged
particles
78
Your Turn!
Which of the following is likely true of NO2?
A. it conducts electricity well
B. It has a low melting point
C. It is likely a solid in its pure form
D. None of these