MPLS Traffic

Engineering
Traffic Protection
using Fast Re-route
(FRR)

Santiago Álvarez
August 2008

MPLS TE FRR
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 MPLS TE Use Cases
Bandwidth Optimization Tactical
Strategic

R1 IP/MPLS R1 IP/MPLS

R8 R8
R2 R2

Protection Point-to-Point SLA

R1 IP/MPLS R1 IP/MPLS

R8 R8
R2 R2

MPLS TE FRR
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 Traffic Protection Using MPLS TE Fast
Re-Route (FRR)
ƒ Subsecond recovery against
node/link failures
IP/MPLS
R1 ƒ Scalable 1:N protection

R8
ƒ Greater protection granularity
ƒ Cost-effective alternative to
R2
1:1 protection
ƒ Bandwidth protection

Primary TE LSP

Backup TE LSP

MPLS TE FRR
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 FRR Link Protection Operation
ƒ Requires next-hop (NHOP)
backup tunnel IP/MPLS
ƒ Point of Local Repair (PLR) R3
25
25
swaps label and pushes 22
22 22
22
backup label
R1 R2 R6 R7
ƒ Backup terminates
on Merge Point (MP) where
traffic rejoins primary 16
16 22
22

ƒ Restoration time expected

under
R5
~50 ms

Primary TE LSP

Backup TE LSP
MPLS TE FRR
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 FRR Node Protection Operation
ƒ Requires next-next-hop
(NNHOP) backup tunnel IP/MPLS
ƒ Point of Local Repair (PLR) R3
25
25
swaps next-hop label and 36
36 36
36
pushes
backup label R1 R2 R4 R6 R7

ƒ Backup terminates on
Merge Point (MP) where 16
16 22
22 36
36
traffic rejoins primary
ƒ Restoration time depends
R5
on failure detection time

Primary TE LSP

Backup TE LSP
MPLS TE FRR
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 Bandwidth Protection
ƒ Backup tunnel with
associated bandwidth IP/MPLS
capacity
R3
ƒ Backup tunnel may or may
not actually signal
bandwidth R1 R2 R4 R6 R7

ƒ PLR will decide best

backup to protect primary
(nhop/nnhop, backup-bw,
class-type, node-protection
flag) R5

Primary TE LSP

Backup TE LSP
MPLS TE FRR
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 Configuring FRR (Cisco IOS)
Primary Tunnel
interface Tunnel1
description FROM-ROUTER-TO-DST1-FRR
ip unnumbered Loopback0
tunnel destination 172.16.255.2
tunnel mode mpls traffic-eng
tunnel mpls traffic-eng bandwidth 20000
tunnel mpls traffic-eng path-option 10 dynamic Indicate the desire
tunnel mpls traffic-eng fast-reroute for local protection
! during signaling
Backup Tunnel
interface Tunnel1
description NNHOP-BACKUP
Explicitly routed
ip unnumbered Loopback0 backup to
tunnel destination 172.16.255.2 172.16.255.2 with
tunnel mode mpls traffic-eng
tunnel mpls traffic-eng path-option 10 explicit name PATH1 zero bandwidth
!
interface POS1/0/0
ip address 172.16.192.5 255.255.255.254 Use Tunnel1 as
mpls traffic-eng tunnels
mpls traffic-eng backup-path Tunnel1 backup for
ip rsvp bandwidth protected LSPs
!
through POS1/0/0
MPLS TE FRR
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 Configuring FRR (Cisco IOS XR)
Primary Tunnel
interface tunnel-te1
description FROM-ROUTER-TO-DST1-FRR
ipv4 unnumbered Loopback0
signalled-bandwidth 30000
destination 172.16.255.2
fast-reroute Indicate the desire for
path-option 10 dynamic local protection during
! signaling

Backup Tunnel
interface tunnel-te1 Explicitly routed
description NHOP-BACKUP backup to
ipv4 unnumbered Loopback0 172.16.255.130 with
destination 172.16.255.130
zero bandwidth
path-option 10 explicit name PATH1
!
mpls traffic-eng Use tunnel-te1 as
interface POS0/3/0/0
backup-path tunnel-te 1
backup for protected
! LSPs through
! POS0/3/0/0
MPLS TE FRR
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 AutoTunnel: Primary Tunnels
What’s the Problem?

ƒ FRR can protect

TE Traffic IP/MPLS
R1
ƒ No protection mechanism
R8
for IP or LDP traffic
R2
ƒ How to leverage FRR
for all traffic?
ƒ What if protection
desired without traffic
engineering?
Primary TE LSP

Backup TE LSP

MPLS TE FRR
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 AutoTunnel: Primary Tunnels
What’s the Solution?
Forward all traffic through a one-
hop protected primary TE tunnel
ƒ Create protected one-hop tunnels
IP/MPLS on all TE links
R1
Priority 7/7
Bandwidth 0
R8
Affinity 0x0/0xFFFF
R2 Auto-BW OFF
Auto-Route ON
Fast-Reroute ON
Forwarding-Adj OFF
Load-Sharing OFF
ƒ Tunnel interfaces not shown on
router configuration
Primary TE LSP
ƒ Configure desired backup tunnels
(manually or automatically)
MPLS TE FRR
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 AutoTunnel: Primary Tunnels
Why One-Hop Tunnels?
ƒ CSPF and SPF yield same
results (absence
of tunnel constraints) IP/MPLS
R1
ƒ Auto-route forwards
all traffic through R8
one-hop tunnel
R2
ƒ Traffic logically mapped to
tunnel but no label imposed
(imp-null)
ƒ traffic is forwarded
as if no tunnel was
in place
Primary TE LSP

MPLS TE FRR
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 Configuring AutoTunnel Primary Tunnels
(Cisco IOS)

mpls traffic-eng tunnels

Enable auto-
mpls traffic-eng auto-tunnel primary onehop
tunnel primary
mpls traffic-eng auto-tunnel primary tunnel-num min 900 max 999
! Range for tunnel
interfaces

MPLS TE FRR
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 AutoTunnel: Backup Tunnels
What’s the Problem?

ƒ MPLS FRR requires

backup tunnels to be IP/MPLS
R1
preconfigured
ƒ Automation of backup R8

tunnels is desirable R2

Primary TE LSP

Backup TE LSP

MPLS TE FRR
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 AutoTunnel: Backup Tunnels
What’s the Solution?
Create backup tunnels
automatically as needed
IP/MPLS ƒ Detect if a primary tunnel requires
R1
protection and is not protected
R8 ƒ Verify that a backup tunnel
doesn’t already exist
R2
ƒ Compute a backup path to NHOP
and NNHOP excluding the
protected facility
ƒ Optionally, consider shared risk
link groups during backup path
computation
Primary TE LSP

Backup TE LSP
ƒ Signal the backup tunnels

MPLS TE FRR
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 AutoTunnel: Backup Tunnels
What’s the Solution? (Cont.)
ƒ Backup tunnels are
preconfigured
IP/MPLS
R1
Priority 7/7
Bandwidth 0
R8
Affinity 0x0/0xFFFF
R2 Auto-BW OFF
Auto-Route OFF
Fast-Reroute OFF
Forwarding-Adj OFF
Load-Sharing OFF

Primary TE LSP
ƒ Backup tunnel interfaces and
paths not shown on router
Backup TE LSP
configuration

MPLS TE FRR
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 Configuring AutoTunnel Backup Tunnels
(Cisco IOS)

mpls traffic-eng tunnels

Enable auto-
mpls traffic-eng auto-tunnel backup nhop-only
tunnel backup
mpls traffic-eng auto-tunnel backup tunnel-num min 1900 max 1999 (NHOP tunnels
mpls traffic-eng auto-tunnel backup timers removal unused 7200 only)
mpls traffic-eng auto-tunnel backup srlg exclude preferred
! Range for
tunnel
interfaces

Tear down
unused backup
tunnels

Consider
SRLGs
preferably

MPLS TE FRR
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 Shared Risk Link Group (SRLG)
Layer-3 Plus
Layer-3 Topology
Physical Topology
SRLG 10
IP/MPLS R2-R4
IP/MPLS
R2-R3
R2 R4 R2 R4
R1 R5 R1 R5 SRLG 20
R4-R2
R4-R3

R3 R3
SRLG 30
R3-R2
R3-R4

ƒ Some links may share same physical resource (e.g. fiber, conduit)
ƒ AutoTunnel Backup can force or prefer exclusion of SRLG
to guarantee diversely routed backup tunnels
ƒ IS-IS and OSPF flood SRLG membership as an additional
link attribute
MPLS TE FRR
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 Configuring SRLG (Cisco IOS)

mpls traffic-eng tunnels Force SRLG

mpls traffic-eng auto-tunnel backup nhop-only exclusion
mpls traffic-eng auto-tunnel backup srlg exclude force during backup
! path
interface POS0/1/0 computation
ip address 172.16.0.0 255.255.255.254
mpls traffic-eng tunnels
mpls traffic-eng srlg 15 Interface
mpls traffic-eng srlg 25
member of
ip rsvp bandwidth
SRLG 15 and
!
interface POS1/0/0
25
ip address 172.16.0.2 255.255.255.254
mpls traffic-eng tunnels
mpls traffic-eng srlg 25 Interface
ip rsvp bandwidth member of
!
SRLG 25

MPLS TE FRR
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 What About Path Protection?
ƒ Primary and backup share
head and tail, but diversely
IP/MPLS
routed R1

ƒ No dynamically computed
R8
path diversity
R2
ƒ Expected to result in
higher restoration times
compared to local
protection
ƒ Doubles number of TE
LSPs (1:1 protection)
Primary TE LSP
ƒ May be an acceptable
solution for restricted Backup TE LSP
topologies (e.g. rings)

MPLS TE FRR
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 P2MP TE LSP Traffic Protection
ƒ No new protocol extensions to
support FRR
ƒ Protection requirement applies R4
to all destinations IP/MPLS
R2
ƒ P2P LSP as backup tunnel for a
sub-LSP R1

ƒ No changes to label stacking

procedure R3 R5

ƒ Only link protection supported

Primary TE LSP

Backup TE LSP

MPLS TE FRR
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 Inter-Domain TE – Fast Re-route
Primary TE LSP
Backup TE LSP

IP/MPLS ASBR1 ASBR2 IP/MPLS

R4
R2 R6
R7
R1

R3 ASBR3 ASBR4 R5

ƒ Same configuration as single domain scenario

ƒ Support for node-id sub-object required to implement
ABR/ASBR node protection
ƒ Node-id helps point of local repair (PLR) detect a
merge point (MP)
MPLS TE FRR
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 Bidirectional Forwarding Detection Trigger for
FRR

ƒ FRR relies on quick

IP/MPLS
PLR failure detection R1

ƒ Some failures may not R8

produce loss of signal
R2
or alarms on a link
ƒ BFD provides light-
weight neighbor
connectivity failure
detection BFD session
Primary TE LSP

Backup TE LSP

MPLS TE FRR
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 References

MPLS TE FRR
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 Cisco Documentation
ƒ MPLS TE: Link and Node Protection, with RSVP Hellos Support
(with Fast Tunnel Interface Down Detection)
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/partner/docs/ios/12_0s/feature/guide/f
slnph30.html
ƒ MPLS Traffic Engineering: BFD-triggered Fast Reroute (FRR)
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/ios/mpls/configuration/guide/mp
_te_bfd_frr.html
ƒ MPLS Traffic Engineering (TE)--AutoTunnel Primary and Backup
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/partner/docs/ios/12_0s/feature/guide/
gsautotn.html
ƒ MPLS Traffic Engineering: Shared Risk Link Groups (SRLG)
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/partner/docs/ios/12_0s/feature/guide/f
s29srlg.html

MPLS TE FRR
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 Standards
ƒ Fast Reroute Extensions to RSVP-TE for LSP Tunnels
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4090
ƒ Routing Extensions in Support of GMPLS
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4202
ƒ OSPF Extensions in Support of GMPLS
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4203
ƒ IS-IS Extensions in Support of GMPLS
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4205
ƒ Definition of a Record Route Object (RRO) Node-Id Sub-Object
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4561

MPLS TE FRR
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