Advanced Techniques For Work Search

Advanced
Techniques for
Work Search
• Target your work search

• Develop your network
• Market yourself effectively
• Stand out in an interview
Career Practitioners
This workbook was developed to help self-directed adults with experience in the workforce or with
post-secondary education improve their work search strategies. It offers detailed information and
exercises to help your clients
• identify their employability skills
• update their work search tools and skills (resumé, cover letters, portfolio, information gathering,
interview skills, proposals, etc.)
• focus their work search
• find relevant labour market information
• access other work search resources
Clients looking for their first job, or those with limited work search experience, should check out Work
Search Basics, available at alis.alberta.ca/publications.
Catalogue item# 800001-Mar18

ISBN 978-0-7785-8861-0
This publication is available to download or order at alis.alberta.ca/publications.
© 2002, 2007, 2008, 2014

Government of Alberta
For copyright information. contact:
Alberta Community and Social Services
Workplace and Career Planning
Tel. 780-422-1794 Fax. 780-422-5319
Email: info@alis.gov.ab.ca
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All photos in this booklet are for illustrative purposes only. They are not actual photos of any individuals mentioned.
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Table of Contents
How to use this publication....................................................................................................................3
Preparing for Your Work Search...........................................................................................................4

Identifying your skills.................................................................................................................. 5
Exercise: Work-specific skills.............................................................................................................6
Exercise: Employability skills.............................................................................................................7
Exercise: Describing your top skills.................................................................................................10
Recognizing your accomplishments..........................................................................................12

Exercise: Identifying your accomplishments....................................................................................13
Exercise: Analyzing your accomplishments—STARS......................................................................15
Exercise: Writing accomplishment statements................................................................................16
Understanding your workplace preferences......................................................................................17

Wants versus needs.........................................................................................................................17
Exercise: Your ideal workplace........................................................................................................18
Assessing potential workplaces.......................................................................................................21
Researching employers.........................................................................................................................22
Information sources.........................................................................................................................22
Information interviewing...................................................................................................................24
Exercise: Developing an information interview script......................................................................26
Marketing Yourself.....................................................................................................................................27
Finding work opportunities...................................................................................................................28
Traditional networking......................................................................................................................28
Social media and networking online................................................................................................29
Contacting employers directly.........................................................................................................30
Using employment or placement agencies......................................................................................32
Understanding the selection process.................................................................................................33

How employers screen applications................................................................................................33
What employers are looking for.......................................................................................................33
Crafting high-impact resumés..............................................................................................................34

Tailoring your resumé.......................................................................................................................34
What to put on your resumé............................................................................................................35
Keywords.........................................................................................................................................39
Resumé master................................................................................................................................39
Resumé types..................................................................................................................................39
Curriculum vitae...............................................................................................................................48
Resumé best practices....................................................................................................................49
Special circumstances.....................................................................................................................50
Exercise: Resumé checklist.............................................................................................................53
Formatting your resumé........................................................................................................................54

Formatting best practices................................................................................................................54
Paper resumés.................................................................................................................................54
Emailing your resumé.......................................................................................................................55
Online application forms..................................................................................................................55
Other application forms...................................................................................................................56
Alternative resumé formats..............................................................................................................57
Plain text resumés............................................................................................................................57
Writing cover letters...............................................................................................................................58

What to put in your cover letter........................................................................................................58
Cover letter best practices...............................................................................................................58
© Government of Alberta Advanced Techniques for Work Search 1

Cover letter template........................................................................................................................59
Sample email cover letter.................................................................................................................60
Sample print or attachment cover letter..........................................................................................61
Using other marketing tools..................................................................................................................62

References.......................................................................................................................................62
Letters of inquiry..............................................................................................................................63
Business cards.................................................................................................................................65
Portfolios..........................................................................................................................................65
Proposals.........................................................................................................................................66
Thank-you notes..............................................................................................................................66
Preparing for the Interview....................................................................................................................68

Gathering information............................................................................................................................69
Presenting yourself well.........................................................................................................................70
Building your confidence.................................................................................................................70
Projecting a professional image.......................................................................................................71
Anticipating employers’ concerns....................................................................................................73
Knowing what to expect........................................................................................................................74

Typical interview types.....................................................................................................................74
The interview process......................................................................................................................76
Typical interview questions..............................................................................................................77
Inappropriate questions...................................................................................................................80
Asking your own questions..............................................................................................................80
Learning from the process....................................................................................................................82

Assessing interviews........................................................................................................................82
Following up.....................................................................................................................................83
Strategies for Success............................................................................................................................84

Thinking positively..................................................................................................................................85
Avoiding self-defeating thoughts.....................................................................................................85
Dealing with job loss........................................................................................................................86
Transitioning from school to work....................................................................................................86
Handling rejection............................................................................................................................87
Coping with emotional highs and lows............................................................................................87
Maintaining your energy...................................................................................................................88
Dealing with practical considerations.................................................................................................89

Staying organized.............................................................................................................................89
Being financially responsible............................................................................................................90
Handling a job offer................................................................................................................................91

Understanding the offer...................................................................................................................91
Evaluating the offer..........................................................................................................................91
Making a counter-offer.....................................................................................................................92
Wrapping up your work search........................................................................................................93
Preparing for your next work search................................................................................................93
Resources......................................................................................................................................................94
Feedback.......................................................................................................................................................96
2 Advanced Techniques for Work Search © Government of Alberta

How to use this publication
Advanced Techniques for Work Search takes you • Preparing for the Interview will show you
through the process involved in a typical work how to present yourself effectively and how to
search by providing information, examples and create a positive impression when you meet
exercises. face-to-face with prospective employers.
If you have some experience in the workplace or • Strategies for Success will offer suggestions
job market, then this publication is for you. If you for dealing with emotional, financial and other
are a new job seeker, you may want to start with challenges related to searching for work.
Work Search Basics, available at alis.alberta.ca/
You don’t have to read the publication cover to
publications.
cover in order to benefit from it. For example,
The publication includes four primary parts: if you already know what skills you have and
the kind of work you want, you may decide to
• Preparing for Your Work Search will help you
begin with Marketing Yourself. Or if you need
identify your relevant skills, accomplishments
help dealing with the emotional ups and downs
and work preferences and describe them
of a typical job loss before starting your work
effectively. This part also offers suggestions for
search, you may want to start with Strategies for
identifying and researching potential employers.
Success. You may want to spend more time on
• Marketing Yourself will help you present some areas and less on others. Use the detailed
your product (yourself). This section provides Table of Contents to find topics and exercises that
guidelines for connecting with employers and apply to your specific work search needs.
creating resumés, cover letters and other tools
Throughout the publication, you’ll find references
that will show employers you have what they
to useful websites and other resources with further
are looking for.
information on a variety of topics.

The information and
exercises in this section
will help you
• identify your skills,
accomplishments and
workplace preferences
• gather information about
employers that are a
good match for your skills
and workplace
preferences
Preparing for
Your Work Search
Identifying your skills
Start describing yourself by identifying your skills. When you’re thinking about skills, don’t limit
Like most people, you probably have more skills yourself to those you use professionally. Include
than you give yourself credit for. Skills are often the skills you’ve acquired through volunteering,
divided into two categories: managing a household or taking part in
recreational, sports or artistic activities. The
• work-specific or technical skills, such as
average person uses 500 to 800 skills on a
knowing how to use a specific software
regular basis!
program, repair a diesel engine or teach a math
class
• employability or transferable skills, which are the

more general skills and qualities you need to Which skills should you
succeed in virtually every work situation start with?
The following exercises will help you find the If you’re looking for work that requires
language to describe your skills to potential work-specific skills you already have, start
employers. Later, when you put together your your skills list with the following exercise,
resumé and cover letter or prepare for an interview, Work-specific skills. If you don’t have much
you can refer to these exercises for descriptive work experience or would like to change
words and phrases. occupations, start with the exercise called
Employability skills on page 7.

Exercise Work-specific skills
To identify your work-specific or technical skills, first write down the tasks that you perform in
your work. (If you like, you can use the interactive worksheet available online at alis.alberta.ca/
workspecificskills.)
Next, break down each task into the skills required. Be specific: the more detailed the list, the better.
For example, a technical writer might list the following tasks and skills:
TASK SKILL
write online help text for a interview subject matter experts

software program test software
translate technical information into clear, user-friendly terms
organize topics logically
use help-authoring software
create, follow and research industry style standards

enforce an in-house consult subject matter experts on technical terms
style guide
provide rationale for style decisions
create and tailor information to the knowledge level of the audience

deliver training (technical or layperson)
write lecture material
design hands-on training exercises
deliver lectures in an engaging way
scale course content to fit the time available
A human resources professional might list the following tasks and skills:
TASK SKILL
recruitment and selection write job ads for vacant positions

evaluate applications fairly
interview candidates
conduct reference checks
prepare employment contracts
compensation and benefits gather industry-specific data on compensation levels

administration design incentive programs
co-ordinate benefits plans, including life, medical and
disability insurance
training and development identify ways to improve employees’ skills and versatility
develop and deliver internal orientation and training
arrange external training

If you’re having a hard time coming up with tasks • job ads on the Internet or in the newspaper
and skills, check out the following resources:
When you’ve completed the exercise, highlight or
• Alberta occupational profiles at circle the five skills that are most relevant to the
alis.alberta.ca/occinfo work you are seeking. These are the skills you will
focus on describing in more detail on your resumé
• job descriptions from your previous work
and in interviews.
• resumé books
Exercise Employability skills

Employability skills are the critical transferable skills that are valuable across fields and in most
workplaces. This exercise focuses on some of the categories of employability skills that employers
identify as most important.
Check off all the skills you feel Highlight or circle the five checked
STEP competent using. You don’t have to STEP skills you most enjoy using. These
1 be an expert at a skill to check it off.
Include skills you haven’t used for a
2 are probably the skills you’re best
at—the transferable skills you should
while but could relearn quickly. emphasize when writing your resumé
and talking to employers.
Communication
writing—using good questioning—deciding what stating opinions—saying

grammar to write clear questions to ask to obtain what you think, confidently
sentences and paragraphs; useful information or to help and assertively
expressing yourself and others gain insight
other _____________________
explaining things in writing
teaching—understanding __________________________
public speaking—keeping group dynamics; __________________________
the audience’s attention instructing others __________________________
while giving a presentation

Analysis, problem solving and research
researching—locating the cost of products and developing and evaluating

information using services solutions to make
appropriate technology and recommendations or
budgeting—planning how to
information systems (for decisions
spend money; deciding what
example, computers, library
to buy, how much to spend selecting and using
classification systems,
or how to get the work done appropriate tools and
Internet search engines)
most cost-effectively technology
analyzing information—
evaluating situations and other _____________________
breaking it down to basic
identifying problems __________________________
sections
__________________________
assessing problems from
estimating—judging the __________________________
multiple viewpoints (for
cost or size of things;
example, human, technical,
predicting the outcome of
scientific)
a math problem before it
is calculated; forecasting

Flexibility, adaptability and management of multiple priorities
identifying and suggesting coping with uncertainty— other _____________________

innovative ways to get work making decisions when __________________________
done you’re not sure what the __________________________
outcome will be __________________________
working on several tasks
or projects at the same adapting to changing
time requirements and
information
Leadership and management
coaching—providing one- making decisions—choosing other _____________________

to-one or small-group a course of action and __________________________
assistance to help others accepting responsibility for __________________________
achieve a goal the consequences __________________________
providing feedback— chairing meetings—presiding

accurately describing an over a group of people
individual’s work, behaviour, who come together for a
appearance and so on in a purpose; listening, speaking,
helpful and considerate way encouraging discussion and
following an agenda
Planning and organization
determining priorities— planning—developing maintaining records of

deciding what’s most projects or ideas through inventory, budgets or other
important and doing that first systematic preparation; information
deciding in which order
scheduling—predicting other _____________________
and at what time events will
how much time tasks will __________________________
occur
take; setting time frames __________________________
for activities; keeping track organizing—co-ordinating __________________________
of projects, timetables, the people and resources
itineraries and so on necessary to put a plan
into effect

Teamwork and interpersonal skills
negotiating—bargaining with giving credit where credit is using tact—being discreet

others to solve a problem or due—recognizing your own and diplomatic, particularly
reach an agreement and other people’s good when dealing with sensitive
efforts issues
resolving conflicts—bringing
disagreements to successful accepting authority— respecting differences—
resolutions being able to work under appreciating diversity;
supervision accepting the uniqueness of
listening—paying attention
individuals
to what other people say clarifying the group’s
in order to understand goals and objectives when other _____________________
and appreciate different necessary __________________________
points of view and respond __________________________
accepting feedback without
appropriately __________________________
becoming angry or defensive
Reliability and responsibility
following through with time being socially responsible maintaining high ethical
and financial plans and and contributing to your standards—dealing with
making adjustments when community (for example, people, problems and
necessary volunteering) situations honestly
risking, when appropriate— being timely—completing other _____________________

assessing, weighing work on time to meet __________________________
and managing physical, project deadlines; arriving __________________________
emotional and financial risk at meetings on time; __________________________
responding to messages
accepting responsibility for
reasonably quickly
your actions and the actions
of your group
Learning
being aware of your personal setting your own learning learning from your mistakes
strengths and areas that goals instead of waiting for
other _____________________
need improvement or someone else to tell you
__________________________
development what you should learn
__________________________
__________________________

Exercise Describing your top skills
This exercise will help you to further define your skills and describe them in ways that reflect the details of
your own experience. Clear, specific descriptions of your skills, targeted to specific jobs and employers,
are the building blocks for effective resumés and impressive job interviews. You’ll use them later in the
Marketing Yourself section, which begins on page 27.
For each item you highlighted in the two previous exercises, ask yourself the questions journalists ask:
who, what, when, where, why and how. Use the answers to describe each of your skills as accurately as
possible. For example, if you write down the skill teaching, ask yourself who you teach, what you teach,
when you teach, where you teach, why you teach and how you teach. You might say, “I teach weekly
adult vegetarian-cooking classes through a continuing education program in Big City, Alberta, to help
people incorporate healthy vegetarian choices into their diets.”
A job seeker looking to move into a management position might use the following skill descriptions to
emphasize her leadership qualities:
• As project team lead, I assign tasks to team members and set ambitious but realistic milestones to
keep the project moving forward.
• I mentor younger employees to help them develop the

technical skills they need to get ahead and to help our
RESOURCE
organization’s succession planning.
Need more help
• I schedule weekly team meetings, set the agenda for the
identifying your skills?
meetings and lead the discussion to keep the team up to
date on the progress of the project. The following resources can
help you name and describe your
• I contribute programming expertise to management top skills:
discussions about software architecture and project
• the publication Assessing You:
scope.
The First Step in Career Planning
See the sample resumés in the section Crafting high- and Workability: What You Need
impact resumés (page 34) for examples of how skill to Get and Keep a Job available
descriptions are used. at alis.alberta.ca/publications
• the Abilities Exercise and
the Significant Experiences
Exercise available at
careerinsite.alberta.ca
under “Know Yourself”
• the alis article Do You Have the
Skills Employers Want? available
at alis.alberta.ca/articles

My top skills
My skills Who, what, when, where, why and how?

Recognizing your accomplishments
Prospective employers often base their Recognizing and describing your

assessment of your future performance on your accomplishments will help you
past performance, which is usually measured by
• remember the results you have achieved
your accomplishments. As a result, describing
your accomplishments effectively, both on paper • target your work search
and in person, is a vital step in marketing yourself.
• develop outstanding resumés and cover letters
• prepare for job interviews
• boost your confidence
Use the exercises in this section to help you

identify and describe your accomplishments.
You can refer to these exercises when you write
your resumé and cover letter and prepare for
an interview.
What are
accomplishments?
Accomplishments are
activities that give you
pleasure, fulfilment and a
feeling of success. Whether
they’re large or small,
routine or extraordinary,
your accomplishments
represent you at your
best. To identify your
accomplishments, ask
yourself these questions:
• What am I most
proud of?
• What do I do better than
my co-workers?
• What do my former
employers miss most
about me?

Exercise Identifying your accomplishments
This exercise will help you to identify the accomplishments you want to emphasize when you are
marketing yourself to employers.
Read through the following examples Review the accomplishments you’ve

STEP of accomplishments. Check off STEP checked off. Highlight or put a star
1 the ones that relate to something
you’ve accomplished. Add other
2 beside the five accomplishments that
are most significant or most relevant
accomplishments to your list. to the type of work you are seeking.
Employment accomplishments
Selected to do tasks that I perform better than my co-workers
Trained co-workers
Received recognition, awards or bonuses
Saved my organization money, time or resources
Received recognition for perfect attendance
Exceeded performance goals
Served in a leadership or senior position, either short or long term
Simplified a procedure that made a job easier or more cost-effective
Helped develop, implement or maintain a new system
Increased customer satisfaction
Participated in hiring decisions
Led projects
Wrote policy or procedures, or contributed to research
Organized employee or company activities or functions
Other
Personal accomplishments in the workplace

Volunteered for special assignments or extra duties
Mentored, coached or helped co-workers
Motivated or persuaded others
Multi-tasked and met tight deadlines
Took on responsibilities beyond those outlined in my job description

Contributed to my organization’s success through flexibility or adaptability
Represented peers as their chosen spokesperson
Enhanced the image of my organization
Mediated conflict
Other

Education and training
Gained specialized knowledge or earned credentials that made me a more valuable employee
Achieved honours standing
Earned scholarships or awards for academic excellence
Improved skills in areas within my field through my own initiative
Other
Volunteerism and community participation

Participated in community groups
Held a volunteer or board position
Organized or played a key role in community projects

Received awards or recognition for contributions to my community
Other

Exercise Analyzing your accomplishments—STARS
The STARS storytelling technique allows you to articulate what you did and the results you achieved by
describing your accomplishments in the following way:
Situation Describe the circumstances and the problem you faced.

Task Explain what you needed to do, why you needed to do it and the challenges involved.
Action Describe the actions you took.
Results Explain what happened as a result of your efforts.
Skills Describe the skills you used to accomplish what you did.
You will need to include accomplishment statements in
RESOURCE
your resumés and cover letters. For examples of how
accomplishment statements are used, see the sample resumés More help on
on pages 43, 45 and 47 of the Crafting high-impact resumés STARS Technique
section. Developing accomplishment statements is also excellent
For more information about
preparation for interviews, particularly for behavioural questions
the STARS Technique, see
that ask you to describe the details of your accomplishments the ALIS article Be Prepared
concisely and convincingly. to Answer Behaviour-
Create a STARS summary for each of the five most significant Descriptive Questions
accomplishments you identified in the Identifying your – Using the STARS
accomplishments exercise. Technique, available at alis.
alberta.ca/articles.
STARS accomplishment summary

Situation: The processing time for orders Action: I compiled and analyzed data on
was creating problems. The lag time between order times and shipping backlogs, solicited
receiving an order and shipping it was too staff input and researched alternative
long, and orders were getting backlogged. ordering systems. I presented my findings
The backlog was creating overtime problems and recommendations for an integrated
in the shipping area, and customers were phone-and-online system to management,
complaining. which approved the new system. I managed
Task: As department assistant manager, I the start-up of the new system and organized
needed to increase ordering efficiency and staff training.
reduce overtime. Since the problem involved Results: Combining the phone and online
two different staff units and two different ordering systems reduced the lag time
ordering systems (online and phone), it between order placement and order shipment
presented logistical and communication by two days and reduced overtime for
challenges. I initiated a review of the ordering shipping staff by 20 per cent.
systems. Skills: I exercised organizational,
communication, analysis, problem-solving,
troubleshooting and technical skills.

Exercise Writing accomplishment statements
Condense the descriptions of your accomplishments from the exercise Analyzing your
accomplishments—STARS into accomplishment statements.
Accomplishment statements used in resumés and cover letters often have the greatest impact when
they’re condensed to three lines or less. Each accomplishment statement should begin with an action
word and should quantify your accomplishment. You may also use qualifiers to add impact to your
accomplishment statements (more information about action words, quantifiers and qualifiers follows).
Target your accomplishment statements as much as possible to the requirements of the position you are
applying for. For sample accomplishment statements, see the example below.
Action words, quantifiers and qualifiers

Action words add punch to descriptions of your accomplishments, responsibilities and activities. Use them
as the first words in bulleted lists of skills, accomplishments and responsibilities. Here are some examples:
• drafted an orientation • resolved financial • upgraded in-house processes to

manual for all new staff budgeting discrepancies improve efficiency in production
Quantifiers describe size, numbers, time and money. Employers want to know the specifics of your
accomplishments. They are more likely to believe your accomplishment statements when you can support
or substantiate them.
For example, “Trained staff on the inventory system over a period of months with a resulting decline
in errors” is a description without a quantifier. Add three quantifiers and the description takes on new
meaning and impact: “Trained 150 staff on the inventory system over a period of three months with a
resulting 75 per cent decline in errors.”
Referring to specific promotions or awards can also strengthen an accomplishment statement.
Qualifiers are adjectives and adverbs that can add depth and focus to descriptions of your
accomplishments, skills and knowledge, but they are no replacement for quantifiers. Try not to overuse
them. The following are examples of qualifiers:
• analytical • proficient • punctual • specialized • profitable • safely • successfully
To find out more about words you can use to describe skills and accomplishments, see the article Use
Action Words to Get the Job, available at alis.alberta.ca/articles.
Accomplishment statements
• doubled sales from $50,000 to • answered 70-plus customer • achieved first-class honours
$100,000 within two years service phone calls per day, standing throughout post-
• achieved savings of $70,000 troubleshooting problems, cutting secondary studies
through volume discounts and red tape and making special • implemented a customer
central co-ordination arrangements, resulting in feedback system that increased
repeat business customer satisfaction ratings by
• promoted from marketing
co-ordinator to marketing • commended for error-free work 20 per cent
manager • maintained accurate bookkeeping • strengthened team performance
• received Employee of the records and reduced outstanding by introducing a series of team-
Year award for exceptional accounts by 10 per cent building events; received a
performance • organized a neighbourhood formal commendation from the
garage sale, raising $15,000 for vice-president
• took no sick days reported
over a three-year period a local library

Understanding your workplace preferences
To get what you want, you have to know what you Wants versus needs
want. Some features of your ideal workplace may
Needs are things you must have to feel fulfilled.
be based on obvious needs, such as a minimum
Wants are desires, not essential needs. This
level of income. Others may not be as obvious.
distinction is important because no work
This section will help you get a clear picture of situation is perfect. There is always some
what is essential to you in a workplace and where compromise involved.
you are willing to compromise. It focuses on
If you find it hard to identify what work type and
identifying your preferred
environment you need or want, begin by thinking
• work type and environment about what you don’t want. For example, if you
• work culture don’t want to work in a downtown office tower,
what kind of environment do you want to work in?
• management style Outdoors? In a small industrial park?
Work culture differs from one organization to

another. If your values and beliefs are compatible
External and internal values with values and beliefs held by most people in an
organization, you’re more likely to enjoy working
Workplace features such as geographical location, there. In particular, a good working relationship
hours of work or pay are external values. If a work with your supervisor is important for job
opportunity doesn’t match your needs or wants satisfaction and career advancement.
with regard to such external values, you’ll probably
find the workplace to be less than ideal. However,
matching your preferences doesn’t guarantee that
you’ll be satisfied with the work itself. Work that you
dislike doesn’t suddenly become more enjoyable if
you get a pay raise.
Workplace features such as recognition or status
are internal values that influence your feelings of job
satisfaction. Usually, the better the match between
your internal values and your work, the happier
you’ll be. Since you spend a great deal of time at
work, your level of job satisfaction has a big impact
on how good you feel about your life as a whole.

Exercise Your ideal workplace
STEP For each item on the following list, think about whether that factor is essential to
1
you or something you’re willing to compromise on based on your work and life
experiences to date.
Each “essential” statement limits the number of work opportunities open to you.
STEP
Review your responses and ask yourself whether you’re limiting your search unnecessarily.
2 For example
• If you said you don’t want to work for less than a certain amount, do you really need that
level of income? Are there ways you could cut back on your spending?
• If you were offered a job that has health care and pension benefits, would you be willing
to accept a lower rate of pay?
• If relocating could dramatically increase your chances of finding work, are you willing to
move to find suitable employment?
STEP
3
Rank the “essential” items you’ve checked off in order of importance.
FEATURE Essential Willing to Rank in order

compromise of importance
Work type and environment
Geographic location
Indoors
Outdoors
Stimulating environment
Hours of work (for example, standard weekday
hours, shifts, overtime)
Pay
Job security
Size and type of organization
Equipment, tools and furniture
Working with others
Working alone
Direct supervision
Independence
Vacation and other benefits
Nature of the work
Challenge
Adventure
Travel
Variety in the job

Being part of a team
A sense of accomplishment
Opportunities to learn and advance
Level of responsibility
Input into decision-making
Recognition
Status and respect
Opportunities to influence or coach others
Time for self or family
Opportunity to contribute to society
Opportunity to supervise others
Influence over policy
Creativity
Social relationships
Working with my mind
Working with my hands
Other:
Work culture
The organization’s mission is clearly understood
by all employees.
Employees have a strong sense of loyalty to the
organization.
The organization does what it says it will do.
Employees consistently interact
in positive ways.
The organization balances its needs with
employees’ needs.
Management practices are consistent and
predictable.
The organization supports and develops good
leaders.
The organization is able to retain good people.
Developmental feedback is provided at all levels
of the organization.
Creativity and innovation are rewarded.
People are treated fairly and with respect.
The organization encourages and responds to
employee input.
The organization treats employees as its
greatest asset.
Physical facilities are attractive and conducive to
productivity.

Salaries are compatible with levels of

responsibility.
Salaries are consistent with the marketplace.
Employment and compensation practices
demonstrate equal opportunity.
Fringe benefits are comparable to other
organizations’ benefits.
Individual contributions are recognized (pay for
performance).
The organization is committed to employee
development.
Management style
Having a supervisor who
Treats everyone fairly
Is technically knowledgeable and competent
Delegates work, clearly stating objectives and
timelines
Delegates the necessary authority as well as
responsibility
Gives me a fair degree of control and autonomy
Provides necessary training and development
Encourages creativity
Is available when I need to discuss a problem
Is decisive
Gives credit for good work
Provides regular, constructive feedback
Supports staff when appropriate
Is friendly and acknowledges team
members daily
Criticizes the behaviour, not me, if my
performance is a problem
Has realistic expectations of me
Keeps the team informed of the organization’s
challenges and expectations
Approaches goal-setting as a shared process
Compensates team members fairly and equitably
Holds regular performance reviews
Fosters my career development
Helps me learn from my mistakes
Is a positive role model
Is an inspiring coach
Is honest
Has integrity

Assessing potential workplaces
As you conduct your work search, keep in mind the essential features you
identified in the previous exercise. The clearer you are about your priorities,
the better prepared you’ll be to assess potential employers and work
situations and to target your search.
Understanding your preferences can be especially helpful

if you’re trying to decide between two or more potential
RESOURCE
jobs. If an organization offers all or most of the items on
your list, you’ll know that it’s likely a good fit for you. Do you need to do some
career planning?
If you’ve had trouble determining
your workplace wants and
priorities, you may need to do some
career planning before you’re ready
to start looking for work.
• Go to careerinsite.alberta.ca.
Click on “Know Yourself” and try
the Preferred Working Conditions
Quiz, the Work Values Quiz, the
Interests Exercise and the Vision
Exercise.
• Check out the publication
Career Planner: Choosing an
Occupation, available at alis.
alberta.ca/publications.
• To talk to a career advisor,
call the Career Information
Hotline toll-free at
1-800-661-3753. (In Edmonton,
call 780-422-4266.)

Researching employers
Once you have a good understanding of your skills • Professional sites and forums. Industry,
and accomplishments and a clear idea of what you professional and alumni association sites can
need and want from a workplace, it’s time to move be sources for links to potential employers.
on to the next phase of your work search: finding Industry- and occupation-related discussion
the employers who need your skills and fit your forums and professional discussion groups
preferences. (for example, on LinkedIn) offer an opportunity
to keep up with current developments and
You probably already have some ideas about
network with others in your field.
potential employers you might like to work for.
Research will allow you to gather more information • Blogs. Typing industry- or employer-related
about these and other employers, to generate terms into a search engine may connect you
leads and to target your work search. to relevant blogs. You may even find a blog
written by a current employee in the industry—
This section will help you
sometimes with the organization’s blessing,
• explore diverse research sources sometimes without. Bear in mind that a blog
features one individual’s point of view and is
• plan for and conduct information interviews
unlikely to be objective. Nevertheless, a blog
can offer a perspective that you may not get
Information sources from the organization’s official website.
You can use a wide array of resources to identify

Job fairs
potential employers and find out more about them.
Alberta employers look for different ways to attract
and recruit staff. Often hosted by educational
Career and company websites
institutions, industry groups or major corporations,
The Internet offers extensive and up-to-date job fairs let you check out a number of potential
information on most subjects, and employment employers at the same venue. Larger corporations
topics are no exception. Try the following online may hold their own job fairs or open houses. You
resources: can gather useful information and get a feel for an
• Employers’ websites. Explore the sites of organization by viewing their display and talking
employers you want to work for. Browse with the staff. You may also be able to submit your
through press releases, annual reports, mission resumé or apply for a position. Watch for job fairs
statements, awards, product and service posted at Alberta Works/Alberta Supports Centres,
profiles, and names and emails of key contacts. at alis.alberta.ca/look-for-work/career-events
You never know what information might or in local newspapers.
provide insight into the company, suggest how
you should target your resumé or help you Alberta Works/Supports Centres
answer an interview question. Even the tone Alberta Works/Supports Centres offer staff and
and look of the site can tell you a lot about resources that can help you learn more about
the company’s culture and values. A thorough industries, occupations and employers. See the
review of an organization’s website can even Resources section (page 95) for more information.
take the place of an information interview.
(See page 24 for details about information
interviewing.)

News sources • computers with Internet access
News sources offer plenty of information about • online resources such as databases, directories,
• your local labour market newspapers and industry magazines
• what’s happening in other locations (if you’re • annual reports for major employers in
willing to relocate for employment) your area
• how conditions are expected to change in
the future Phone directories
If you see an article about a company developing Yellow Pages and other phone directories of cities
a new product, think about the effects this could or towns and their regions are available online
have on the local labour market: and in print. These directories list businesses
and organizations in categories, which can help
• The company might soon be looking for people you identify potential employers. For example, an
to help produce, distribute and sell its new accountant might look in the Accountants category
product, needing, for example, production line in the Yellow Pages to find a listing of accountant
workers, warehousing technicians and sales businesses. Your local library or Alberta Works/
representatives. Alberta Supports Centre may have print copies of
• If the company is expanding, it may also be the Yellow Pages or other directories for your area
looking for other types of workers, including and others. You can access the electronic version
administrative assistants, accountants, of the yellow pages at yp.ca.
business management consultants, network Another telephone number resource that lists
administrators and purchasing agents. businesses and organizations by category is
• Producing the new product will require raw available online at 411.ca.
materials. This may mean that local suppliers
and distributors could also be expanding their
workforces in the near future.
Your local public library

Libraries provide many work search resources.
Here are some examples:
• directories of community services, businesses

and manufacturing firms. These directories list
employers, often by region, and include contact
information (mailing addresses, telephone
numbers and website addresses). Some
directories also provide a description of each
organization’s services and products
and the names of key contacts.
• labour market information

published by federal, provincial
and local government
agencies. Examples include
Statistics Canada and
provincial and municipal
economic development
departments.
• information published by local

chambers of commerce and
other business and
professional organizations

Information interviewing or if the person can recommend someone else
for you to talk to.
Information interviewing is a research tool based
on the idea that if you want to find out what it’s • “Let’s talk over the phone right now.” Always
like working in a particular job or for a particular have your questions ready when you make your
company, you should talk to someone who does initial call!
that type of work, or someone who works there.
The purpose of an information interview is to ask for Contacting people you know
information, not to ask for a job. You can talk with Begin the information interviewing process with
people you know as well as those you’re referred to. people you know. You may know someone who
Before you contact someone for an information • works for an employer you’d like to work for
interview, decide what kind of information you’re
• knows about an employer you’d like to work for
looking for. It will probably fall into one of the
following three categories: • can refer you to someone who works for an
employer you’d like to work for
• occupational information—if you’re thinking
about moving into a different field of work See the Brainstorming your network sidebar on
page 28 for tips about considering people you may
• industry information—if you’re planning to
want to start with. Phone or email several of these
target your work search to a specific industry
people. Tell them that you’re looking for work and
• information about a specific employer—if ask them for ideas or, if appropriate, conduct an
you want to target a particular company or information interview.
organization
Contacting people you don’t know
Preparing for an information interview Through networking or other research, you may
Follow these steps to prepare for an information be referred to people you don’t know who can
interview: provide you with more information.
• Prepare your questions. See the Deciding what What’s the worst that can happen when you
questions to ask section on this page. contact people you don’t know? They may tell
• Prepare a script for each contact. See the you they can’t or don’t want to talk with you.
exercise Developing an information interview What’s the best that can happen? You may
script on page 26. get an insider’s perspective on an industry or
organization.
• Make initial contact with the person. If you don’t
know the person, introduce yourself and say Deciding what questions to ask
who referred you.
To be effective in an information interview, you
• Briefly explain the kind of information you’re need to be clear about the kind of information
looking for. you’re seeking.
• Ask whether the person would be willing to To gather occupational information, consider
speak with you for 10 or 15 minutes. asking the following questions:
• Keep track of the calls you make. See • What does this occupation involve on a
the section Tracking your contacts for day-to-day basis?
suggestions.
• What skills does it require?
Be prepared for one of three answers:
• What set of values does it reflect?
• “Yes, certainly.” In this case, try to arrange a
• How do people enter this field—both the usual
face-to-face meeting, or ask to conduct the
and the unusual approaches?
interview by phone or email.
• What do you like and dislike about this
• “No, I’m sorry.” Accept graciously and, if
occupation?
appropriate, ask if another time might be better

• Would it be possible for me to job shadow you
to learn more about this occupation?
To gather industry information, consider asking

the following questions:
Make your information interview
• What kinds of people are attracted to positions a success
in this industry? What are their values? What
• Call or arrive on time.
motivates them?
• Take only as much time as you’ve
• What changes and challenges is the industry requested—10 or 15 minutes should be long
facing? enough.
• What are the cyclical patterns of this industry? • When you make contact in person or by
phone, make sure you have your script and
• What credentials or training programs are most a copy of your cover letter and resumé in
respected within the industry? front of you. (See the Marketing Yourself
• What are the unspoken expectations for people chapter, which begins on page 27, for help
who work in this industry?
preparing a cover letter and resumé.)
• Dress professionally for the meeting. Speak
• What industry organizations or associations slowly and clearly, and relax.
would you recommend? Are there trade
• Take detailed notes.
publications or journals that would be helpful to
someone interested in this industry?
• Thank the person at the end of the meeting
or phone call.
To gather employer-specific information, • Always follow up with a thank-you card or
consider asking the following questions: email. It will leave a good impression, and
• What are some of the key challenges in your some of the people you talk to may be in a
position? position to influence future hiring decisions.
• What qualifications are required for someone to

work in this position?
• What do you like most about your job with this

organization? Tracking your contacts
Keep track of the people you contact for
• What do you like least about your job with this
information interviews. You may want to make note
organization?
of the following details:
• How did you find your current job?
• contact name
• What advice would you give someone who
• organization
wants to work for this organization?
• address, phone and email address
• Who else do you recommend I talk to about this
organization? • date and time of contact
• Who does the hiring in your organization? (Ask • comments
this question if you were unable to find this
• thank-you note or email sent
information through your research.)
• other follow-up completed or required
The interactive Work Search Plan and Record,

available at alis.alberta.ca/wsrecord, is a tool you
can use to keep track of your contacts and other
work search information.

Exercise Developing an information interview script
Use this worksheet to develop a script for each information interview. Your script may be different for
each contact. Avoid memorizing your script or reading it to your contact word for word. Practise getting
your main points across using words that seem natural to you.
Date: _______________________________________________________________________________________
Script for (indicate name of contact here): _______________________________________________________
Briefly introduce yourself. Include some information about your background, if appropriate. ___________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Tell the person you’re interviewing how you found out about them (referral, website, job ad, newsletter
or other publication, business pages, etc.). _____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
If you have any knowledge about the occupation, industry or company, referring to it at this point will
catch the contact’s attention. __________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Depending on what you want from the interview, ask for
the information you’re looking for, based on the section Deciding what questions to ask
(page 24)
feedback or advice about your skills or resumé
referrals and whether you can use the person’s name or contact him or her for additional
information
other support or information
Thank the person at the end of the meeting, email or phone call. Note any additional follow-up required.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________

In this section you’ll learn how to find
work opportunities and promote yourself
to potential employers. You’ll create
targeted marketing tools that highlight
your most relevant skills and
accomplishments.
The information and exercises will help you
• network and connect with employers,
online and offline
• understand how employers select
job candidates
• develop high-impact resumés and
cover letters
• choose references who will support
your work search
• develop and use other tools,
such as curricula vitae,
portfolios and business
cards
Marketing
Yourself

Finding work opportunities
Once you have researched the industry and

employers that interest you, it’s time to look for
specific job opportunities. This section focuses on The strength of
finding work by weak ties
• networking, both online and offline Which people in your network are
most likely to connect you to a job
• contacting employers directly opportunity? Surprisingly, studies
• using employment or placement agencies show that acquaintances may be
more helpful in your work search
than close friends and family. One
Traditional networking reason is that they are more likely to
know about leads you haven’t already
Networking is possibly the single most important heard about. Another is that people
work research tool available. It’s estimated that with whom you don’t have a strong
70 to 80 per cent of jobs are filled by people who personal relationship may find it easier
heard about the opportunity from someone else to view you in a professional light.
or contacted the employer directly to find out
whether the organization had an opening.
Networking is the process of connecting with If there’s an established professional association

all of the people you know and asking them to in your field, join it. Contact the association about
help you directly or refer you to someone else. job leads. Watch for leads on the association’s
Ask people you know for support, advice and website and in its newsletter. Consider posting
information about occupations, industries and your resumé on the association’s website or
specific employers. Chances are there’s someone placing an ad promoting your services and
in your network who can connect you to the kind strengths. Expand your network by attending
of opportunity you’re looking for. Give a copy of association and other professional meetings,
your resumé or business card to everyone in your lunches, conferences and activities. The more
network. The more they know about you, the more people you meet, the more likely you’ll be to
effectively they can promote you. connect with someone who may be able to
help you.
Brainstorming your network

When you’re trying to come up with your network, list • contacts from community groups (volunteer groups,
as many people as you can. Include friends and family clubs, religious organizations)
members, but don’t limit yourself to the people you’re • former classmates
closest to or most comfortable contacting. Also consider
• former teachers
• neighbours • friends’ family members
• current and former co-workers As your network expands, add new contacts to your list.
• parents of children’s friends

Social media and
networking online
Networking online allows you to contact people
you’d likely never meet through traditional
networking methods and to maintain contact with
people you do know. Some of the most effective Manage your web presence
tools for networking online are social media Many employers use social media to pre-screen
websites such as LinkedIn, Facebook and Twitter. potential candidates. Whether or not you actively
• LinkedIn is a professional networking site. It use social media for professional purposes,
employers may search for your LinkedIn,
allows you to outline your background, skills
Facebook, or read your blog. An unprofessional
and experience and add people you know to
web presence can hurt your chances of being
your network. Your direct contacts’ connections
hired, while a positive impression can help. For this
become second-degree connections in your
reason, it’s important to be aware of and manage
LinkedIn network, and their contacts become the information that is publicly available about you
third-degree connections. LinkedIn also online. Google yourself once in a while so that
includes job postings and discussion groups on you know what potential employers will see if they
a wide variety of professional topics. search your name.
• Facebook is primarily for personal networking,
but because it is such a large social media
website, it is also an important professional It’s important to keep your profiles up to date
networking tool. Posting on Facebook is an and avoid any unprofessional content in your
efficient way to let your contacts know that personal profiles. Keep in mind that being
you’re looking for work. professional doesn’t mean erasing all traces of
your personality—you still want to be yourself in all
your online profiles.

Beyond the social media sites, • When contacting employers by phone, ask
RESOURCE
you can also participate in for the name of the person who has hiring
More help with newsgroups and discussion authority. If the person who answers is reluctant
networking forums related to the industry or to put your call through to the appropriate
For more information employment field you want to person, call back another day and ask for the
on networking work in. Professional associations hiring authority by name.
and social media and alumni organizations may
• Using “To Whom It May Concern” in letters or
tools, check out sponsor or provide links to online
email is usually ineffective. If you can’t find out
the alis articles networking sites. Or you can use a
by calling the organization directly, locate the
Networking Online, search engine to discover sites in
names of specific people through your network,
Use Social Media your area of interest. Some of the
on the organization’s website or in a business
for Work Search most effective online networking
directory.
and Managing sites ask you to become a member
Your Social Media of the site by submitting a profile • You may also want to talk to someone who
Identity, available at describing your experience and doesn’t have hiring authority, such as an
alis.alberta.ca/ work background. This lets all employee of the organization in a position
articles. members search the site for others similar to one you’re interested in. Explain to the
who share their interests. person who answers your call what you’d like
to do and ask to speak with someone who can
answer your questions.
Contacting employers directly
When contacting people, always keep in mind the
When you identify employers that interest you, following:
contact them directly to inquire about work,
• Do your research! Check out the company’s
whether or not they are currently advertising
published material before you make contact.
positions.
• Ask for the names of the people you talk to,
Cold-calling including receptionists. Write their names down
Cold-calling is unsolicited contact with a and use them in conversation. If you have to
prospective employer without a referral. Before you call back, it’s helpful to know people’s names.
make a cold call, the first step is to identify the right • Be polite.
person to talk to or address your resumé to.
• Keep your calls and emails short and to
• Use current classified and career ads to the point.
target employers who may have unadvertised
job openings in your field. Use the contact If you’re prepared and professional, people will be
information in the ad to send an unsolicited more likely to tell you what they know and refer
resumé with an introductory cover letter. The you to others who may also be able to help you.
Letters of inquiry section on page 63 includes
a sample letter.
• If you’re contacting employers in person, call

ahead and ask who has hiring authority for your Target your inquiries
type of work. Typical titles of people with hiring
Resist the temptation to simply mail out a
authority include foreman, supervisor, human
number of resumés. Target specific employers
resources manager or consultant, manager or
and deliver a customized resumé personally
assistant manager. Find out when this person
(which gives you the opportunity to look around
may be available. When you walk in, ask for the and check out the organization) or email it with
person by name. a cover letter expressing your interest and
motivation. See the Tailoring your resumé
section on page 34 for more information.

RESOURCE
Vertical search engines
In contrast to general search
Job ads and job search websites engines like Google, vertical
About 20 per cent of positions are advertised. search engines focus on a
Although useful for identifying potential employers particular type of content.
and job leads, online and offline job postings have Vertical job search engines pull
some disadvantages: information from many different
job search boards, so they
• Since many people use classified job ads to
are an efficient way to look for
find work, competition for these positions is opportunities posted online. You
often keen. can typically search by keyword
• Unless there’s a specified competition deadline, and location.
advertised positions fill very quickly (often Some popular Canadian vertical
within 24 hours). job search engines are
• Not all employers advertise positions. Many • Eluta Canada (eluta.ca)
choose to fill positions through walk-ins, via • Indeed Canada (indeed.ca)
referrals or from within the company. • WowJobs (wowjobs.ca)
In addition to job ads in the classified or careers
section of newspapers, the Internet is teeming
with job search websites where employers list
You can search most job sites by keyword, job
the jobs they have available and job seekers post
type or job title and location.
their resumés. Many websites also offer work
search articles and tips. The provincial and federal Many sites allow you (and thousands of others!)
governments also maintain job banks: to post your resumé in hopes of capturing the
interest of an employer or recruiter. Keep in
• Check out Alberta specific job postings at alis.
mind that every other job seeker with an Internet
alberta.ca/occinfo/jobs-in-alberta has links to
connection can do the same. Posting your
hundreds of job posting sites.
resumé on numerous job sites, blasting (mass
emailing) your resumé to a number of employers
or spending hours surfing for work search tips may

give you the illusion that you’ve accomplished a Using employment or
lot when, ultimately, these approaches alone are
placement agencies
unlikely to get you an interview.
Private employment agencies are contracted
Many job websites offer a job agent or job match
by employers to find candidates to fill specific
service. When you post your resumé or skills
positions. Sometimes, newspaper ads and online
profile, the service updates you regularly by
postings tell job seekers to submit their resumés
email, alerting you to new postings that fit your
directly to this kind of agency. You can do this, but
qualifications. This kind of service can save you
keep in mind that the agency’s job is to recruit for
time and money.
the employer, who is the agency’s client.
If you decide to post your resumé on a job search
You may decide to submit your resumé to a
website, try to edit or alter some of the information
placement agency that specializes in placing
every two weeks. This effectively reposts your
people who have qualifications similar to yours (for
resumé with the current date and ensures that
example, business administration or engineering
your resumé stays active on the site: many
design). You may submit your resumé either for
recruiters search resumés by date posted.
a specific position or to be kept on file for future
The postings you find on job search websites can openings, especially if you know that your targeted
help you identify potential employers and find employers use placement agency services. If your
additional postings through employer or recruiter qualifications fit a position the agency is trying to
websites. An increasing number of employers fill, the agency will contact you.
maintain an active list of job openings, including
Given the amount of free work search help and
jobs that are not posted on job search websites
information available, it’s probably wise to be
or in newspapers.
cautious of agencies that ask for payment to help
you with your work search. Before you sign an
agreement with any agency, read it carefully and
RESOURCE
be sure you understand the terms.

Getting started with Depending on the industry and the kind of work
your online work search you’re interested in, contacting an agency can be
For more information on how and where to look a useful strategy. Just make sure it’s only one of
for work opportunities online, look at Using the several strategies you pursue. Continue to use the
Internet for Work Search: Getting Started and Use other methods described in this section as you
the Internet to Find Work Opportunities, available at look for work.
alis.alberta.ca/articles.

Understanding the selection process
Take a moment to imagine yourself as an employer • A—those who demonstrate that they exceed all
who needs to fill a position. Before you begin the criteria
recruiting, you decide what kinds of skills and
• B—those who demonstrate that they meet all or
other qualifications the ideal employee will have.
most of the criteria
You describe these requirements in the job
posting. • C—those who do not demonstrate that they
meet the criteria
You may receive hundreds of resumés or
applications for the position. Some will meet your Several factors will influence how many candidates
requirements; many won’t. How do you decide will be interviewed, including the time and staff
whom to interview, never mind whom to hire? available, the skill level of the position and the
number of positions to be filled. Probably only
the top eight to 10 candidates from group A will
How employers screen be interviewed. If the position can’t be filled from
applications group A, or if the employer wants to keep options
open, the most outstanding candidates from group
Most employers follow a selection process to B may also be interviewed.
compare their requirements with the skills and
qualifications of the applicants. The process will
depend on the size and nature of the organization. What employers are looking for
Most large organizations use applicant tracking
Resumés are screened using a set of criteria that
system software to review and store resumés
include the requirements of the job as well as
electronically. This software searches for keywords
other needs and preferences the employer has
and phrases, and ranks each resumé against the
identified. If the employer is looking at dozens of
selection criteria and other candidates’ resumés.
resumés from applicants who have most or all
At a smaller organization, the employer may be the of the necessary criteria, he or she will probably
first person to look at the dozens (and sometimes select those that
hundreds) of resumés received in response to
• are easy to read and error-free, reflecting the
the job posting, or this task may be assigned to
applicant’s desire to do high-quality work
the hiring manager, a recruiting agent or a human
resources employee. • clearly highlight the relevant qualifications for
the position posted
No matter how the task is handled, the goal is
to screen out as many resumés as possible in • describe the relevant qualifications using the
order to narrow down the number of applicants same or similar keywords that appear in the job
who will be evaluated more closely. Although the ad or posting or, for unadvertised positions, that
exact process is different for each organization, are standard in the industry
an employer will probably screen applicants by
The following section describes in detail how best
sorting them into three groups:
to showcase your qualifications to get your resumé
through the screening process.

Crafting high-impact resumés
A well-written resumé is a key element of your Your approach will vary depending on the
work search. It’s a one- or two-page summary occupation or industry you want to work in
of your skills, accomplishments, experience and and the qualifications you want to emphasize.
training. Your resumé is a marketing tool you give For example, if you’re a pilot, your resumé will
to a prospective employer in order to probably be most effective if you follow the
industry standard and list the details of the aircraft
• make a good first impression
you’re licensed to fly near the top of the first
• demonstrate how your skills and page. On the other hand, if you’re a pilot seeking
accomplishments meet the employer’s a career change, it’s probably a good idea to
requirements highlight your strongest employability skills—such
as personal and teamwork skills that are essential
• get an interview
regardless of occupation.
The effectiveness of your resumé will depend on
If you’re applying for more than one type of
• what information you include and how well you work, you’ll need more than one resumé. You’ll
tailor it to the position continue to write and rewrite your resumé and
• how you organize the information your other marketing tools throughout your work
search. Tailor your resumé to each specific job you
• the words you use, including keywords and apply for and change information as your skills,
accomplishment statements achievements and experiences evolve.
Tailoring your resumé

Tailoring your resumé means highlighting relevant
qualifications to show a specific employer that you
References available
have the skills, experience and training to succeed
upon request?
in a particular job. Doing so demonstrates that you Don’t include your references with your resumé
place a high priority on the employer’s needs. To unless an employer specifically asks for them
tailor your resumé, you need to in the job ad or posting. Most employers don’t
require this information until you’ve been
• learn about the employer
shortlisted for the job.
• understand the job requirements from the Should you use the phrase “References available
employer’s point of view upon request” in your resumé? Most human
• identify your most relevant qualifications
resources and career development professionals
note that since employers expect you to provide
• choose the resumé type that will best highlight references anyway, using this phrase is stating the
your qualifications (See the sample resumés on obvious.
pages 43, 45 and 47.)
• describe your qualifications in keywords and

phrases that are the same or similar to those
that appear in the job ad or posting, if there
is one

Three fields, three resumés
Janet Jobin is interested in three • teamwork skills and adaptability • interpersonal skills
types of work: • attraction to adventure • problem-solving skills
• firefighter • sports and athletic involvement Her resumé for supervisory
• telecommunications technologist • commitment to helping others positions should emphasize her
• supervisor of telephone installers • volunteer firefighting experience • ability to motivate
Since each position requires • background in naval cadets • ability to delegate
different skills and knowledge, Her resumé for telecommunications • ability to hire, train and coach
Janet will need at least three technologist positions should • ability to provide feedback
different resumés. Her basic emphasize her
resumé for firefighting positions • ability to listen, organize, plan
should emphasize her • technical telecommunications and make decisions
skills and journeyman • telecommunications technical
• physical strength and agility certification expertise
• knowledge and understanding of • telecommunications technologist
firefighting • supervisory or management
diploma training
• participation in safety training • special employment-related
and technical firefighting courses • leadership roles in volunteer,
project assignments sports and community activities
What to put on your resumé

As you select and organize the content of your The following table outlines the main categories of
resumé, your main goal is to demonstrate that information that are commonly used on a resumé. It
you have the skills and qualifications the potential also lists several typical headings for each category
employer is looking for. The information you include of information. Review the sample resumés on
will depend on your experience and credentials as pages 43, 45 and 47 to see how to choose and
well as the type of work you are seeking, so the organize content for different types of resumés.
formula is not the same for everyone.
Information commonly used on a resumé

Possible section headings Content
Contact Information On the first line of your resumé, include only your name and, if
applicable, a designation such as BA or P.Eng. On the following
lines, include your contact information such as mobile number or
email address. You may also want to create an online version of
your resumé that does not include most of this personal information.
Consider the following suggestions:
• To maintain confidentiality and professionalism, don’t use your

work phone or work email for your work search.
• Provide a daytime phone number where messages can be left

for you. Interviews are usually arranged by phone during office
hours.
• Put your name on every page of your resumé. You can use the
header or footer function in word-processing software to do this.

Information commonly used on a resumé (continued)
Goal This is a one- or two-line description of the kind of position

Job Goal you’re seeking and your strongest qualification for the position.
Job Target It’s optional.
Position Applied for Avoid objective as employers don’t’ always see value in them.
Skills Description Vague statements such as “To obtain a challenging position with
a progressive company that will allow me to grow and develop
Strengths Statement
my analytical and problem-solving skills” are not likely to grab an
employer’s attention.
You may want to include an objective if you must find a job for a
particular time frame, such as an internship or co-op period. For
example, “Eight-month co-op position beginning in the fall term.”
If you’re in doubt about whether to include an objective

statement in your resumé, you can always create an objective,
write your resumé based on it and then leave it off the final draft.
Or you can include your objective in your cover letter.
Background This is your opportunity to summarize how your qualifications

Highlights of match the job’s requirements. Be sure your experience will
Qualifications back up any statements you make. Include
Profile • the number of years in the relevant occupation
Summary
• relevant education and training
Summary of
Background • relevant accomplishments
• key skills or specialized knowledge
• personal skills (such as attitudes or work style) that

support your objective

Accomplishments This section features the work-related accomplishments

you identified when you completed the exercises in the
Achievements
Recognizing your accomplishments section, which
Capabilities begins on page 12. Group skills in sets that reflect the job
Professional requirements, and include a bulleted list giving details to
Attributes support each skill set.
Results Achieved
If you choose to use a combination resumé (described on
Skills page 46), put this information at the beginning, immediately
Strengths following your name and address or after a summary, if you
Talents have one. For screening purposes, employers usually like to
see your education and experience first. You can get around
listing the details of your experience and education at the top
of your resumé by including the highlights in a summary.
Employment Describe your key responsibilities in this section. Use action

Employment History words that convey your professionalism, expertise, maturity
Relevant Work and experience. (For help with this exercise, check out the
History Action words, quantifiers and qualifiers section on
page 16). Whether you choose to use past tense or present
Work Experience
tense, be consistent. Try to use numbers and descriptive
Work History words to help the employer picture how you work and what
you’ve accomplished for other employers.
The term work experience is generally associated with

entry-level jobs. It is used for volunteer placements where
students have an opportunity to apply classroom knowledge
and develop skills. Ensure that your paid employment is not
confused with this type of experience.
Background These are ideal headings if you are combining paid and unpaid
Career Experience experience.
Experience Highlights
Professional
Background
Professional
Experience
Relevant Experience

Education List your most recent formal education first. You may also want
Education Background to include a bulleted list of course titles and dates in any subject
Education and areas that are particularly relevant to the job.
Development Listing numerous seminars and workshops may take up too
Educational much space. Instead, combine these under a heading like
Development “Education and Development” and include a statement such
Education and Training as “Workshops and seminars on computer skills, leadership
and supervision, including…” Or highlight one or two subject
Post-Secondary
Education areas that are particularly relevant to the job and follow with a
statement like “Complete list of courses available on request.”
Professional
Development If you have a degree, diploma or certificate, don’t list your high
Training and school diploma, since high school completion is usually the
Development prerequisite for post-secondary admission.
Community Involvement This section is optional. Job seekers often wonder whether it’s
Leadership Roles appropriate to include volunteer activities on a resumé. Many
Volunteer Activities companies are committed to active participation in the community
and strongly encourage employees to volunteer. Including this
information may show that you are a well-rounded person and
may even help get you the job. Include the activities you think will
interest a particular employer. You can also use volunteer activities
to demonstrate relevant skills and show experience.
Under human rights legislation, you’re not required to name
specific organizations you belong to. Avoid identifying your
religious or political affiliations unless this is relevant to the
employer. Use your best judgment.
Limit this section to one or two lines. It’s not necessary to include
dates here, although it’s fine to do so.
Activities Although this section is optional, there are a number of

Interests reasons why you may decide to include this information:
Recreational • It indicates that you have a balanced lifestyle and
Activities recognize the need for recreation and diversion.
• Your interests may involve knowledge and skills relevant
to the job.
Limit this section to one or two lines.

Keywords
Keywords are descriptive phrases and words,
usually nouns, that may be associated with certain
What keywords should you use?
industries or disciplines. By using keywords in your
resumé, you’re telling employers that you Here are some ways to choose keywords to
describe your qualifications in your resumé and
• have studied certain subjects
cover letter:
• have earned a particular credential • Use the keywords and phrases that appear in
• know how to use specific tools (for example, a the job ad or posting.
computer program or power tools) • Visit the employer’s website and study the
detailed description of the job you’re applying
• have certain types of skills (for example, public for. Browse the rest of the website for additional
speaking skills or sales ability) keywords.
It’s important to include keywords in your resumé • Visit other related websites, including those
for two reasons: of competitors, industry associations, trade
publications and sites with occupational profiles
• Keywords are considered standard in certain to gather current industry keywords.
industries and are used by employers to
• Enter keywords into a search engine or
assess skill and experience. For example, an
into the search function of a job postings
accountant’s resumé would include keywords website. Reviewing several ads for similar
such as budget analysis, spreadsheets, auditing positions will give you a better idea of the
and tax analysis. keywords to use.
• Your resumé may be searched, either by a • File (on computer or on paper) every ad you
person or a software program, for keywords that respond to for future reference.
match specific criteria, and then screened out if • Talk to people in the industry or company and
the keywords or their synonyms aren’t included. ask them about the qualifications for the position.
Check out the job ad and resumé on pages 42
and 43 for examples of how to identify and use
keywords.
Resumé types
Resumé master There are three basic resumé types: chronological,
functional and combination. The type of resumé
A resumé master is a place to keep track of you choose will depend on your experience and
all your experience, qualifications, skills and your work search target. For example, if you’re
accomplishments. Think of it as a master applying for a position that’s similar to a current
document from which you pick and choose or previous position, a chronological format
relevant skills and accomplishments as you tailor may be the most effective way to highlight your
your resumé to reflect the needs of different experience. However, if you’re planning to change
employers. Keeping your resumé master up to careers or industries, a functional or a combination
date throughout your career makes it easier to resumé will highlight your relevant skills.
write tailored resumés and prepare for interviews.
Not everything you list will go on every resumé You can also ask an employer directly what
that you send out. type of resumé the organization prefers. Call the
organization’s main number and ask to speak to
For an interactive resumé master worksheet the human resources department or the hiring
that you can complete, go to manager for the position you’re interested in.
alis.alberta.ca/resumemaster.

The following chart compares the three resumé types.
Which resumé type is right for you?
Resumé type Advantages Disadvantages Use to...
Chronological • looks most familiar • exposes potential • highlight a steady

barriers such as work history that
• highlights
gaps in employment, directly relates to the
employment history
frequent job position applied for
• can show consistent changes and lack of
• apply for a
employment or experience or career
position in a more
upward mobility in progress
traditional field
the same field or
• highlights such as teaching or
industry
employment history government work
• highlights prior rather than skills
positions and
employers
Functional • emphasizes • does not appeal • change careers or

skills and to most Canadian industry
accomplishments employers
• re-enter the labour
• provides plenty of • highlights skills market after time
scope for tailoring rather than away
to reflect employer’s employment history
• emphasize strong
needs
• requires that you skills developed in
• de-emphasizes know what skill areas unpaid settings such
gaps in employment the employer would as volunteer work
history and be interested in
• seek a permanent
employment barriers
position after doing
such as little
contract or freelance
previous experience
work
in a particular field or
frequent job changes
Combination • combines the best • can be confusing if • balance the

features of both not well written emphasis between
the chronological relevant skills and
• de-emphasizes
and the functional employment history
experience with
resumé
specific employers
• highlights skills as
• may require more
well as condensed
time and focus to
employment history
organize
• provides more
flexibility for
tailoring than the
chronological format
• minimizes potential
barriers such as
gaps in employment
and lack of directly
related experience

Chronological resumé Employers often prefer this format because it
A chronological resumé highlights your makes it easier for them to quickly determine
employment background, education and whether you have the specific combination of
training in reverse chronological order, placing education and experience they require, as well
your most recent or current experience first. as a steady employment history. However, a
It includes names of organizations and dates chronological resumé may not market your skills
of employment. It highlights key duties you as well as a combination resumé if you have gaps
have performed, but not how well you have in employment, no directly related experience or
performed them. too little experience.
In the following example, a student job seeker

uses a chronological resumé to respond to an
online job posting.
Scenario Emma Puxley is a university student who is completing an English

degree. She finds an online posting for a student co-operative
position as part of a gas company’s communication team. The
responsibilities include some photography.
Challenges Because Emma is a student, her professional experience is

limited. Emma has never studied photography or entered a
photographic competition. She only takes pictures for fun. Finally,
Emma has no oil and gas experience.
Assets (skills, Emma has a great deal of relevant volunteer communications

accomplishments, experience. She can back up the success of some of her
benefits) activities with statistics.
How Emma tailors her Emma identifies keywords in the job posting. She uses these
resumé keywords to tailor her resumé to the specific job requirements.
She uses a chronological resumé to demonstrate that she is a
steady worker with a professional attitude. Because the posting
is for a student, she begins with her education. Emma highlights
her education awards, hoping to compensate for her lack of oil
and gas knowledge by showing that she is a quick learner. She
then combines her volunteer and paid work experiences under the
heading “Professional Experience” to demonstrate her ability to
do the job. Wherever possible, she gives figures to demonstrate
her capabilities or her success, including things like numbers of
published stories, success of fundraisers and number of tables
in the pub. She presents the accomplishments for each job
succinctly. Since four of Emma’s candid campus photos have
appeared in university online newspaper, she lists those to indicate
that she is comfortable taking pictures. She also lists photography
under her hobbies.

The keywords that Emma identifies in the job posting are in bold print.
Home > Search > Results > Job Advertisement
Job Advertisement
Job Search Safety Advice
Email this Job
Job Number: 7314931
Location: Calgary, Alberta

Commencement: March 12, 2018
Duration: 4 months
Job Title: Student co-operative position
Powertech Canada Corporation produces liquid and natural gas from conventional and shale gas
resources throughout Alberta and Saskatchewan. Powertech employs approximately 1,000 workers
and has its head office in Calgary, Alberta.
Powertech’s Communication Services Team develops engaging messages for the company’s
diverse audiences, including employees, contractors, government officials and members of the public.
The successful candidate will
• help execute the goals of the Communication Services Team
• assist in developing communication materials, including newsletters, posters, displays,
presentations, advertisements, audio-casts and new media
• research and write profiles about employees, articles about company events and other text as
required
• take staged and candid photographs for the company’s internal publications, both online and print
The successful candidate is
• creative, motivated and professional
• proficient with Adobe InDesign
• comfortable with cameras and good with photo composition
• well organized and detail oriented
APPLY
NOW
Previous Next

Sample chronological resumé
Emma Puxley
| 403-555-1234 | ePuxley@gmail.com
Strengths Statement
University English major with a proven track record of creating engaging messages for a
variety of audiences in online, print and multi-media formats.
Education
Bachelor of Arts (English) — University of Uptown
2016–Present
• Jason Lang Scholarships 2016 and 2017
• Patricia Price Memorial Prize in Writing 2014
Grade 12 Diploma — Hometown High School
2016
• Graduated honours with distinction
• Alexander Rutherford High School Achievement Scholarship
Professional Experience
Volunteer Writer/Editor — University Newspaper, University of Uptown
2016–Present
• Researched and wrote more than 40 stories, including profiles of guest speakers
and articles about students’ union events.
• Edited articles for more than 30 online editions, using Adobe InDesign.
• Shot candid photos that were published on the paper’s website.
Communications Volunteer/Team Leader — Campus Food Bank, University of Uptown
2016–Present
• Developed communications materials including Facebook and Twitter updates,
online posts and posters, and on-site displays.
• Surpassed fundraising goals by 25%.
Server/Bartender — Three Rooms Pub, Uptown,
2016
• Took orders, prepared drinks, and served meals at a busy, 18-table pub, often as the
only server on shift.
• Maintained computerized records.
Retail Salesperson — Computer department, Big Box Store, Hometown
2013–2015
• Sold laptops and accessories.
• Won salesperson of the month.
Interests
• Photography

Functional resumé On the other hand, if a chronological or a
A functional resumé highlights your skills or combination resumé points to gaps in your past
accomplishments instead of your employment employment, a functional resumé may be your
background, and shows how you’ve applied best choice. You may decide to use this type of
your skills. It may omit references to past resumé if
employment or list past employers without • you don’t have a paid employment background
including specific duties or dates.
• you’re making a career change
Many Canadian employers aren’t familiar with
functional resumés and, as a result, they may not • you’ve been out of the labour market for a long
respond to them favourably. Employers generally time—for example, at home raising a family,
like to see specific details about your employment not available to work, ill or out of the country
history because these details allow them to travelling
assess your background more quickly. The lack In the following example, a job seeker who is
of dates in a functional resumé can sometimes returning to the workforce after several years uses
arouse suspicion. a functional resumé to downplay the gap in her
work experience.
Scenario Brenda put her career as a journeyman electrician on hold for

seven years after the birth of her second child. Now that both
children are in school, Brenda is looking for job leads. Her
experience includes working for an electrical contractor who
was renovating a local shopping mall, and taking an electrical
maintenance position with the mall once the renovations were
done. She has also volunteered for the local music festival by
setting up sound and visual systems for the last four summers.
The renovation contractor who used to be Brenda’s boss lets her
know that the city is looking for an electrician to renovate and
maintain the systems in its recreational facility.
Challenges Brenda has been out of the paid workforce for seven years.
Assets (skills, Before beginning her job search, Brenda made sure that she’s up
accomplishments, to date on the latest codes and regulations for her field.
benefits)
How Brenda tailors her Brenda chooses a functional resumé with an experience-focussed
resumé structure to highlight her skills and qualifications and downplay
her seven-year absence. Because the city is looking for both
renovation and maintenance work, Brenda calls attention to
different skills from both her unpaid positions, as well as her paid
ones. She uses the Accomplishments category to demonstrate
electrical skills in specific areas and highlights her safety
qualifications to demonstrate her current knowledge. Finally, to
show her interest in recreation and her physical ability to do the
job, she lists her triathlon experience as an accomplishment.

Sample functional resumé
Brenda Goodale
3287 Cedar Grove Road
Midsize City, Alberta Q9Q Z1Z
403-555-9876
bgoodale@email.com
Eight years journeyman electrician in commercial renovation, maintenance and

construction.
Skills and Expertise

• Alberta-certified electrician • Install and maintain HVAC,
communications systems, and
• Fire Alarm Systems maintenance
power and lighting
PIN
• Canadian Standards Association
• Class 5 driver’s licence
(CSA) 22.1 and OHS regulations
• Blueprint interpretation
Professional Experience
• 2018 certification in Canadian Safety Training System (CSTS0, Workplace
Hazardous Materials Information System (WHMIS), Transportation of Dangerous
Good (TDG), standard first aid and CPR.
• Installed electrical metal tubing and cables of all types during a two-year,
35,024-m2 (377,000-ft.2) renovation of the Midsize Shopping Mall.
• Selected locations and planned the layout of electrical systems, components,
and controls from drawings, specifications, and related information for the mall.
• Scheduled labour and material requirements for electrical work.
• Developed and implemented a five-year preventive mall-maintenance schedule.
• Set up and maintained sound and visual communication systems at the Midsize
Music Festival for the past four years.
Accomplishments
• Won ABC Electrical Contractors’ Safety Award.
• Repaired switchgear to maintain contractor’s work schedule.
• Replaced burnt-out ballasts and faulty circuit breakers.
• Diagnosed and repaired a rooftop unit (HVAC), motors and motor starters.
• Completed the 2017 Summer Midsize City Mini-triathlon.

Combination resumé resumés can be more challenging to organize and
A combination resumé combines elements keep to a two-page length.
of the chronological and functional types. It Combination resumés usually work well when
includes chronological background information you’re changing occupations or moving into a
as well as details about your accomplishments field that’s similar, but not directly related, or when
and the skills you’ve developed. It differs you’ve been working for the same employer for a
from a chronological resumé in that a skills long time. If you’ve performed similar functions for
or achievements section comes before the a number of different organizations, a combination
employment history. resumé allows you to group related experiences
Many people find that a combination resumé is together.
the most effective type because it allows them In the following example, a job seeker who plans
to highlight their most relevant qualifications and to change occupations uses a combination
to include the employment history that most resumé to highlight how his existing experience
employers expect to see. However, combination qualifies him for a new field.
Scenario After seven years as an occupational therapist, Ben is looking

for something more stable than his usual short-term contracts.
He is also looking for new challenges. He has enjoyed summer
jobs with his dad’s home-construction business. He sees a
Wheelchairs & More ad for a wheelchair and chair lift sales
representative who’s familiar with installation techniques.
Challenges Ben has very limited sales experience.
Assets (skills, Ben’s ability to build trust with his therapy clients and
accomplishments, relationships with sales reps who visited his dad’s work sites and
benefits) the places he worked as an occupational therapist are his biggest
assets. His knowledge of this company’s products, and his ability
to speak three languages, are also valuable assets. He phones
the sales manager in charge of hiring to learn more about the
position and to demonstrate his comfort with cold calling.
How Ben tailors his Choosing a resumé style that combines functional and
resumé chronological aspects with innovative design allows Ben to play
up his communication and research skills, which are important in
sales jobs. He uses a personal summary statement and list of skills
in the top one-third of the résumé for maximum visibility. In his
cover letter(s), he mentions that he’s spoken with the person who
is hiring.

Sample combination resumé. See Ben’s email cover
letter and print cover letter on pages 60 and 61.
Benjamin Gupta b.gupta@email.com

9744 182 Street
403.555.0000
Anytown, Alberta Z1Z 2Y2
An established communicator with seven years Skills

of practical experience and in-depth knowledge of
assistive mobility equipment. Listening and
assessment skills for
training clients with
Work Experience
mobility equipment
Occupational therapist Fluent in three

Wellness Hospital – Anytown, 2015–present languages
• Managed a caseload of 162 clients, including
assessment and treatment, and trained them to Highlights
use mobility supports.
• Assisted management with selection and Seven years researching
purchase of wheelchairs. and selecting
equipment for clients
with mobility limitations
Occupational therapist
Meadows Manner – Anytown, 2012–2015 In-depth knowledge
• Provided treatment and solutions for 120 of wheelchairs and
assisted living centre residents. chairlifts
• Encouraged communication between medical Service Excellence
disciplines, resulting in greater independence for Award, nominated by
residents. clients, 2016
Occupational therapist
Live at Home Services – Anytown, 2010–2011 Education
• Completed up to 20 in-home visits a week to Registered
pre- and post-operative clients to ensure proper Occupational Therapist
selection and installation of medical equipment,
including chairlifts. Master of Science,
• Established rapport and trust with clients and Occupational Therapy
their families to ensure effective treatment and University of Mountain
use of mobility equipment in the home. City, 2010
Contractor’s assistant
Homes Built to Last – Anytown, 2005–2010
• Gained a thorough understanding of structural
requirements in residential buildings, including
those for chairlift installations.
• Explained and upselled extra features to
homebuyers.

Curriculum vitae
A curriculum vitae (CV) is a longer, more • academic or executive-level positions
comprehensive document than a resumé. In North
• professional association memberships or
America, it is often used when applying for
designations
• graduate studies or professional programs
Resumé Curriculum vitae
• no more than three pages long (two • three to 10 pages long

pages is ideal)
• provides a full record of career and
• provides a summary of relevant qualifications with a high level of detail
qualifications
• ordered chronologically
• ordered in a way that best highlights
• highlights teaching, research, service,
qualifications
awards and publications
• used in most fields of work
• used for academic and higher-level
• used to quickly screen candidates positions
• tailored to different positions • used to study credentials and

biographical information
• doesn’t change for different positions

(only the cover letter changes)
If you’re applying for an academic position within • public presentations and appearances
North America, include the following information in
• honours, awards, distinctions and
your CV:
achievements
• name and contact information
• professional designations and affiliations
• objective
When you’re writing a curriculum vitae, use the
• summary of qualifications same care in selecting, organizing and wording
• summary of skills your information as you would when writing a
resumé. Keep these additional tips in mind:
• education, including degrees, specialization,
post-graduate and post-doctoral studies and • If your CV is more than four pages long, include
dissertations an executive summary at the beginning.
• professional background, including teaching • Have your CV professionally translated if

interests and experience, research interests and English is not the language of choice where
experience, job titles and employers you’re applying for work.
• volunteer and public service experience If you need more information about preparing a
CV, check with the placement office of a university,
• research projects, grants (including amount college or technical institute.
received) and inventions
• published works

Resumé best practices
Human resources and career development • Focus on your accomplishments. From an
professionals say you have between 30 employer’s point of view, what you’ve done in
seconds and one minute to grab the attention of the past predicts what you’ll do in the future.
someone reading your resumé. Here are some Support or substantiate your accomplishments
recommendations for producing effective resumés: with numbers, percentages, dollars and
so on wherever possible. The Writing
• Analyze what the employer is looking for and
accomplishment statements exercise on page
tailor your resumé to meet the requirements of
16 will help you find the language to describe
the job. (See the Tailoring your resumé section
your accomplishments effectively.
on page 34.)
• Proofread your resumé (or have someone else
• Feature your strongest qualifications in the first
proofread it) to be sure it’s free of spelling and
part of your resumé.
grammatical errors. Don’t rely on the spellcheck
• If you have the required skills and knowledge tool in a word-processing program, which won’t
but lack the specific academic credential catch omitted words or errors in usage.
requested, apply anyway. If you present the
• Don’t include your references unless the
skills you have effectively, lack of a specific
employer asks that they be included.
credential may not be a barrier. Lead with your
relevant experience and transferable skills. List
your education later.
• Avoid providing information that might be used

to screen you out. For example, don’t include
information that you’re not required to supply
under human rights legislation. This includes
Resumé mistakes to avoid
your age, gender, race, religion, marital status Here are some common pitfalls to avoid regarding
and ethnic background. word and phrase usage in resumés:
• List employment dates last in each employment • Avoid adjectives that have no context, such
history entry, or align to the left, if you don’t as “influential”, “skillful” or “accomplished.”
want to draw attention to dates due to
Be clear and quantify your skills and
accomplishments.
employment lengths or gaps.
• Avoid other over-used words, such as
• Use your judgment about withholding “creative”, “passionate” or “results-oriented.”
information. For example, if you have only a
• Change “responsible for” to action verbs such
high school diploma and the employer is asking
as “managed” or “completed.”
for a college diploma, de-emphasize your
education. Near the end of your resumé, include • Don’t use the phrase “excellent oral and
a statement such as “Education: High School” written communication skills.” This should
or “Several courses completed: Marketing,
be evident from how your resumé and cover
letter are written.
Community College.”
See the Action words, quantifiers and
qualifiers section on page 16. Also check out
the alis article Use Action Words to Get the
Job Done, available at alis.alberta.ca/tips.

Special circumstances
This section describes special circumstances that may present obstacles to employment and suggests
ways to address these situations when writing your resumé.
Circumstance Strategy
You’re qualified but Explain how your education and experience relate to the job
don’t have the specific requirements. You may want to mention specific courses that would
degree, diploma or interest the employer. There are many certificate, diploma and degree
experience requested. programs available. Employers may be familiar with only some of them.
Emphasizing your experience as well as your education helps in this

situation, even if it’s volunteer experience.
Your credentials are Ask an appropriate authority—a university, professional regulatory

from another province organization or assessment agency such as the International
or country. Qualifications Assessment Service (IQAS)—to evaluate your
credentials. Employers will want to know what the Canadian or
provincial equivalents are. Include an official assessment with your
resumé or tell employers you’ll bring it to an interview.
IQAS is a mail-in service only and charges a fee for reports.

For more information, call 780-422-5400 (for toll-free access
within Alberta, first dial 310-0000). You can find the IQAS contact
information at alberta.ca/iqas.
Each province and territory in Canada has different legislation and

regulations governing employment in the professions and trades.
For more information, visit the Certification Requirements section at
alis.alberta.ca/occinfo-certification. For more information about
credential recognition, visit albertacanada.com/opportunity/work/
transfer-your-credentials.aspx.
The publication Working in Alberta: A Guide for Internationally

Trained and Educated Immigrants provides useful information on all
aspects of the Alberta workplace, from writing resumés to rights and
responsibilities. It’s available at alis.alberta.ca/publications.
You don’t have a high If you have an extensive employment background or a demonstrated
school diploma. range of skills, list this in your resumé before your education. Use a
heading such as Education and Development and list workshops and
seminars you’ve taken, followed simply by “High school.”
If you didn’t finish high school and have no post-secondary

education, you can omit any reference to formal education in your
resumé. In some cases, education may not be an issue. However,
since it may come up in the interview, be prepared to talk about your
experience in a positive way.
If you have a post-secondary credential of any kind, it’s not

necessary to reveal that you didn’t complete high school.

Your post-secondary Without explaining your situation, you may risk losing an opportunity.
education is Rather than describing your post-secondary education incompletely
incomplete. (for example, “Marketing Research, University of Anytown – 2015”),
let the employer know that Marketing Research is a credit course
in the University of Anytown’s Business Administration diploma
program by describing it that way—for example, “Marketing
Research, University of Anytown – Business Administration Diploma
Program – 2015 to present, to be completed by July 2017.” This tells
the employer that you’re in the process of earning a post-secondary
credential.
You’ve been out of the Even though you’ve been out of the workforce, you may have
workforce for a long other relevant volunteer or life experiences. Use the heading
time. Relevant Experience and describe your volunteer responsibilities.
Include organization names and dates, just as you would for paid
employment.
A combination or functional resumé works best in this situation.

It allows you to highlight skill areas such as communication skills,
teamwork skills, problem-solving skills, computer skills and so on.
Your most relevant You can highlight your past work experience by including a one- or
experience isn’t two-line statement near the top of your resumé. Use a heading such
your most recent as Profile or Highlights and say something positive and relevant to
experience. the job. For example, “extensive customer service experience” or
“strong computer systems design and consulting skills.”
Another approach is to list past work experience under headings

such as Most Relevant Professional Background first, followed by
Other Professional Background. Using a combination or functional
resumé will allow you to highlight your skills rather than the dates of
your employment.
You were terminated Ironic but true: employers are more likely to regard you as a
from your last job. desirable applicant if you’re currently employed. If employers can
tell from your resumé that you’re not employed, they’ll wonder why.
Of course, there are many reasons why you may not be working
that have nothing to do with your capabilities. These may include
company mergers, temporary positions, project-based employment,
downsizing, business failure and so on.
If you provide employment dates, think carefully about how to let

the employer know about your circumstances:
• If you were working in a contract or temporary position, add an

explanation such as “temporary project position—completed.”
• For other situations, you may want to add a short explanation

in your cover letter—“company went out of business” or
“downsizing resulted in 33 layoffs”—or leave your explanation
for the interview.

You were terminated • If you were fired as a result of your performance or a conflict,
from your last job. don’t include this information in your resumé. Prepare an
(continued) explanation for the interview. Talk to a career and employment
counsellor or read books and Internet articles about preparing
for job interviews to find a positive way to speak about your
experience. (See the Anticipating employers’ concerns section
on page 73 for more suggestions.)
You feel that you may Human rights legislation protects you from having to reveal your
face discrimination age, gender, gender identity or expression, marital status, number
on the basis of your of dependants, religion, nationality or ethnic background. You don’t
gender, age, race, have to supply this information unless you feel it will enhance your
religion or other competitiveness. There are other types of discrimination (protected
characteristics. grounds) that you are not obligated to reveal. For this list and
additional information, visit albertahumanrights.ab.ca.
If you are concerned that the position you are applying for is
typically held by the opposite gender, you may want to use only
your first initials and surname. On the other hand, if you know the
employer is looking to bring people of your gender into a non-
traditional work environment, it may be to your benefit to use your
first name. Likewise, you don’t have to reveal your age if you feel
it is a potential barrier. If your high school or university graduation
year reveals your age, don’t supply the date. You also don’t have
to include your early years of employment.
If an organization is trying to diversify its workforce, you may

choose to let the employer know if you’re an Indigenous person, a
member of a cultural minority or a person with a disability. Reveal
this information subtly in your cover letter. For example, “In addition
to meeting your requirement for considerable customer service
experience, I have an undergraduate degree in economics earned
in my native country, Nigeria.”
If you’re looking for work in Canada for the first time, discuss your
situation with someone you respect who understands Canadian
employers’ expectations. For example, a new Canadian might,
because of language differences, reveal spelling or grammar
deficiencies in a resumé or cover letter. Guard against this possibility
by asking for feedback.
If you are a job seeker with a disability, see Opportunities as a Person
With a Disability at alis.alberta.ca/articles.

Exercise Resumé checklist
This exercise summarizes many of the resumé dos and don’ts discussed throughout this section. Use
the checklist to critique your own resumé or provide it as a guide for anyone who may be reviewing your
resumé. Make any necessary changes and corrections.
Overall appearance
Does the resumé look Is your contact information Does the resumé have a
professional? written clearly at the top of good balance of print and
the first page? white space? Does it have
Was the resumé created
even margins?
using a standard word- Do your name, your
processing font such as phone number and the Is the layout appealing,
Arial, Helvetica, Times New page number appear on uncluttered and easy to
Roman, or Courier? Is the subsequent pages? read?
font size appropriate (10 to
Is the resumé free of errors
12 points)?
in grammar or spelling?

Length and conciseness
Is the length appropriate Can any words be cut?

(no more than three pages,
ideally two pages)?
Relevance
Are the qualifications most If personal information is

relevant to the job objective included, is it relevant to the
highlighted? position?
Qualifications and accomplishments
Does the resumé emphasize Are specific examples Do descriptions of skills,

the qualifications the provided to demonstrate accomplishments and
employer is looking for? qualifications and responsibilities begin with
accomplishments? action words?
Are achievements, awards,
recognitions and scope of Do accomplishment Are appropriate keywords
responsibilities included and statements include used?
described clearly? quantifiers and qualifiers?
Clarity
Are appropriate headings Do headings organize and Are abbreviations that

used? highlight information clearly aren’t keywords or terms
and consistently? commonly used in the

industry spelled out?
Completeness
Does the resumé include all your important

information and details?

Formatting your resumé
There are a variety of ways in which employers Formatting best practices

want and expect resumés to be submitted,
If you are submitting your resumé by email or in
including
print, follow these formatting guidelines:
• by email
• Use a font such as Arial, Helvetica, or Courier in
• uploaded through an online application a size between 10 and 12 points.
• by fax • Keep your resumé to three pages or less. The
• in hard copy, sent by mail or hand delivered ideal length is two pages. Although some
resumé-writing publications may recommend
Although you’ll still need a paper resumé to hand one page, most Canadian employers want
to people you meet and to present at an interview, more detail than that. If you’re applying for a
you’re far more likely to submit your resumé by managerial or professional position or preparing
email than by mail. a curriculum vitae, three or more pages may be
Many employers prefer to receive an electronic appropriate.
version of your resumé so that it can be • Leave as much white (blank) space as you can
• circulated and stored electronically while keeping the length to about two pages.
Balance top, bottom and side margin width.
• uploaded into recruiting or applicant tracking
software • Use bulleted lists that allow employers to read
your resumé quickly.
• reformatted from an online application
• Align headings (for example, skill titles,
To determine what resumé format to submit, read work titles).
the job ad or posting carefully. It’s very important
to follow the employer’s formatting requirements • Put your name and phone number on each
as closely as possible. If you send an email page of the resumé and number the pages.
attachment using incompatible word-processing • Don’t title your resumé with the word Resumé.
software, for example, your resumé will likely be
screened out. At the very least, the employer will
question your attention to detail.
Paper resumés
When you are preparing a paper resumé, keep the following in mind:
Do Don’t
• Use good-quality 8.5-inch x 11-inch white or slightly off-white • Sign your resumé.
paper. Elements such as paper texture or colours and graphics
• Handwrite your
will make your resumé difficult to scan or reproduce accurately.
resumé.
• Be sure that copies of your resumé are clean, bright, straight and
• Bind your resumé or
stain-free.
use a special folder.
• Use a paper clip rather than a staple to hold the pages together.
• Fold your resumé.
• Always mail or deliver your resumé in a 9-inch x 12-inch envelope.

Emailing your résumé If the employer does not specify a preference,
use the DOC format. Applicant tracking systems
A Microsoft Word document is usually the
used by employers can process files in this format,
standard for sending a resumé as an attached
but most of these systems can’t search PDFs.
document. That said, before sending your resumé
Many job search websites will also let you upload
as an attachment, check what file type the
your resumé as a Microsoft Word document.
employer prefers. There are three possibilities:
The sample resumés on pages 43, 45 and 47 are
1. DOC file, the typical file format for Microsoft all examples of well-designed Microsoft Word
Word documents. If you send the resume as documents.
a DOCX file, generated by Word 2007 or later,
Some employers ask that you send both your
people using earlier versions of Word may not
resumé and your cover letter in a single document
be able to open it.
as a single email attachment. In this case, your
2. RTF, or rich text format. This file format cover letter will be the first page.
maintains formatting such as tabs, fonts
and margins in documents created on and
transferred between different operating systems Online application forms
and software programs. Online application forms often resemble paper
3. PDF, or portable document format. This file application forms. Many job search websites
format is as close to paper as online formats provide these forms for you to use as a way of
can get. The document appears onscreen posting your resumé. At some employer websites,
exactly as you created it, and the format can’t you’re required to fill out this kind of form to apply
be altered. for a position. Other employers (and increasingly,

job search websites) offer you the option of Other application forms
uploading your resumé.
When you’re required to complete an application
Given the choice, it’s usually best to upload your form, ask whether it would be acceptable to attach
resumé rather than to copy and paste it into an your resumé and fill in only your name, contact
online application form: information, the position applied for and the
• Online forms ask you to present your competition number on the form itself.
qualifications in the way the employer or job Some employers may want you to complete
search website dictates, not necessarily in the the entire application form and will reject your
way that markets you most effectively. application if you don’t. In this case, complete each
• Online forms typically do not allow for section of the form in full. If you feel that a question
formatting such as horizontal lines and white violates human rights, you may decide to
space in margins. • leave the question blank
• The amount of text you can insert may be • put a question mark after the offending question
limited. For example, a form may allow only 600
• write something like “will provide at time of
characters (not words, but letters and spaces)
hiring”
for you to describe your technical skills.
For example, an employer requires information
• Online forms do not provide editing tools
relating to your marital status, number of
like spellcheck. Also, it’s less convenient for
dependants and age only if you’re hired—in order
someone to proofread your information in an
to administer income tax deductions and benefits.
online form than to proofread your resumé.
It’s inappropriate for an employer to ask for this
If you must use an online form, an effective way to information on an application form.
do so is to copy and paste the information into the
If you’re applying for entry-level positions that
form from a plain text version of your resumé.
require some post-secondary education, employers
(See the Plain text resumés section on next page.)
may ask for a completed CACEE Application for
This approach allows you to maintain some control
Employment Form, a generic application form
over how your information is presented in the online
developed by the Canadian Association of Career
form. Look at the pasted text carefully: you may
Educators and Employers. You can find this form on
have to make some adjustments, especially if the
the CACEE website at cacee.com.
space available in the field is limited.
Some online application forms won’t allow you to

copy and paste from your resumé. In this case,
you must type your qualifications directly into
the form. Approach this task carefully and take
your time. Keep your resumé handy so that you
can refer to it. If possible, have someone else
proofread the form before you submit it.

Alternative resumé formats Plain text resumés
Advances in digital technology have opened Plain text is sometimes referred to as ASCII
up several possibilities for creating resumés in (American Standard Code for Information
alternative formats, including Interchange), which is the code used in standard
email. ASCII is so basic it can be read by virtually
• resumés included as pages on a personal
every operating system.
website
It is less and less common to need a plain text
• infographic resumés, which you can create
resumé because most online systems accept
using free tools available online
resumés in Word format. However, if an employer
• YouTube video resumés, in which job seekers requests that you submit your resumé in the
introduce themselves on camera body of an email or by pasting it into an online
application form or database, you will need to
Many Alberta employers and human resources
format the resumé as plain text.
professionals tend to regard these formats as
cutting edge, particularly outside of creative Use these suggestions to create a plain text
occupations such as web design, graphic design, version of your resumé from a Word (DOC) file:
communications and marketing, broadcasting
• Use standard fonts, such as Courier, Times,
and so on. However, presenting your resumé
Helvetica or Arial.
in an alternative format in some occupational
areas means taking the risk of being labelled too • Don’t use graphics, shading, tabs or columns.
innovative or not a good fit for the organization.
• Use all caps for major headings. Avoid bold,
Generally speaking, alternative formats are italics or underlining.
most effective when you use them as part of
• Change bullets to asterisks.
your portfolio rather than your initial resumé
submission. After your standard resumé has • Align text left.
generated interest and an interview, an employer
• If you’re including your plain text resumé in the
is much more likely to take the trouble to visit your
body of an email, remember to remove your
website.
name, telephone number and page number
If you feel that an alternative format resumé would at the top of the second page and adjust the
be the best choice for a job you’re interested in, space accordingly.
discuss this possibility first with someone who
To see an example of a resumé in plain text format,
knows the industry well. A word of caution: think
visit alis.alberta.ca/worksearch/resumes.
carefully before you include photographs or
footage of yourself in an alternative format resumé
unless your image is an important consideration
(for example, in television broadcasting). Because
of human rights concerns, employers prefer to
assess your qualifications without reference to
gender, age, race and so on. However, including
images of yourself in your portfolio is acceptable
because you typically present your portfolio at the
time of an interview.

Writing cover letters
You should always send a cover letter (or cover • If the employer doesn’t ask for a cover letter
email) along with your resumé. The cover letter is but requires your resumé as an attachment,
an important marketing tool. Think of your resumé consider the email to which the resumé is
as a movie and your cover letter as the trailer that attached to be your cover letter. The sample
makes people want to see it. cover letters in this section illustrate how an
email cover letter differs from a print cover letter
In your cover letter or email, you want to show the
or a cover letter sent as an attachment.
employer that you’re
Employers do not expect you to sign a cover
• qualified for the position
letter sent as an attachment or as an email. Typing
• confident about your abilities your name is sufficient. If you’ve digitized your
signature, feel free to use it.
• excited about the prospect of working for the
organization
• outstanding among the other candidates Cover letter best practices

You want to give the employer one or two • Keep it short, simple and specific (no more than
compelling reasons to read your resumé and then three paragraphs and no more than one page or
call you in for an interview. A cover letter or email one screen in length).
offers you the opportunity to write persuasively
• Send your cover letter or email and resumé to a
about your qualifications and what you can offer.
specific person—the hiring manager, a human
resources employee or the business owner,
for example. Phone or email the organization
What to put in your cover letter
to find out who that person would be for the
In your cover letter or email position you’re interested in.
• quote the competition number and title and • Write the way you speak. Avoid stuffy, formal
tell how you learned about the position, if words and phrases such as “Enclosed please
applicable find.” Instead, say something like “I’m keenly
• use keywords and action words but, where interested in _______ and believe I have the
possible, not the same ones that you use in qualifications you are looking for.”
your resumé • Limit the number of sentences beginning
• highlight your relevant qualifications with “I.”
• include information that lets the employer • Be original and show enthusiasm.
know you’ve researched the company and the • Make sure your letter contains no spelling
position mistakes or errors in grammar.
• stress what you can contribute to the • If providing a hard copy, use good-quality
organization paper.
When applying by email, follow these additional
suggestions:
• If the employer expects to receive your resumé

and cover letter in a single attachment, format
the document so that the cover letter is the first
page.

Cover letter template
Your Address
City, Province
Postal Code
Month, Day, Year
Employer’s name
Employer’s position or title
Organization name
City, Province
Postal Code
Dear [Employer’s name]:
Re: Competition number and title, if applicable
Opening Paragraph
State your purpose for writing. Tell how you learned about the job and why you’re applying. What is it
about the job or organization that interests you?
Middle Paragraph
Emphasize specific knowledge and skills that make you a strong candidate for the job. Don’t repeat
the information that’s in your resumé word for word. For example, “I have a communications diploma
and three years of experience.” Summarize instead: “Throughout my seven years of related experience,
I have strengthened my skills as a communications specialist.” Then emphasize particular strengths
you have to offer that are relevant to the job. For example, “Your description of the ‘ideal’ candidate
highlighted enthusiasm and strong interpersonal communication skills. My strengths in these areas have
been highly valued in my previous and current positions, where I have frequently been commended for
how effectively I have handled difficult customer situations.” Don’t emphasize how the opportunity will
benefit you, even if it will. Think like an employer: make it clear how you can benefit the organization.
Closing Paragraph
Describe in assertive, positive language what you expect will happen or what you plan to do next. If
you’re responding to an ad, include a statement such as “I look forward to meeting you to discuss
what I can offer to your organization.” If you’re sending an unsolicited resumé, write something like
“I will contact you early in the week of June 12 to set up an appointment with you. I look forward to
discussing possible employment with (name of organization).” If you feel it would be to your advantage,
mention your immediate availability or your willingness to travel or relocate. Indicate that you’ve
enclosed or attached your resumé.
Sincerely,
(printed or faxed copy signed)
Your name
Enclosure

Sample email cover letter
A resumé would be attached to the following email.
Kim Green
Ben Gupta Resumé for Sales Representative Position
Dear Ms. Green:

Thank you for taking the time to chat with me today about your posting for a
wheelchair and chairlift sales representative. Because my skills and qualifications
seem tailor-made for this position, I’m delighted to forward my resumé.
In my seven years as an occupational therapist, I’ve come to know your product
well, since many of my clients use Wheelchairs & More wheelchairs and lifts.
I’m excited to have an opportunity to combine my professional expertise with the
construction knowledge I’ve gained from working. This combination of skills, I
believe, will allow me to secure and serve both new and existing customers your
effective mobility solutions.
I look forward to meeting with you.
Sincerely,
Ben Gupta
403.555.0000
b.gupta@email.com
Attachments

Sample print or attachment cover letter
The following example rewrites the previous email as a letter. Notice how the two-column format allows
the applicant to directly show how his qualifications meet or exceed the requirements.
Although this cover letter can be sent in print (signed) or as an email attachment, it won’t work in the
body of an email because most email programs won’t be able to maintain the two-column format.
Benjamin Gupta
9744-182 Street,
Anytown, Alberta Z1Z 2Y2
403.555.0000
b.gupta@email.com
Ms. Kim Green

Sales Manager
Wheelchairs & More
8742-76 Avenue
Anytown, Alberta
Y2K 7B8
March 4, 2018
Dear Ms. Green:
Thank you for taking the time to chat with me today about your posting in yesterday’s
Anytown Journal for a wheelchair and chairlift sales representative. Because my skills
and qualifications seem tailor-made for this position, I’m delighted to forward my resumé.
Your position requires: I offer:

• Seven years of experience as an
• A minimum of five years of
occupational therapist
related experience
• Six solid years of working with clients
• Thorough knowledge sell
who use Wheelchairs & More products
Wheelchairs & More products
• The ability to build rapport with clients
• The ability to sell wheelchairs and
and upsell products
wheelchair lifts
This combination of skills will allow me to offer your clients knowledgeable, effective
mobility solutions.
I look forward to meeting with you.
Sincerely,
Ben Gupta
Enclosure

Using other marketing tools
This section looks at other marketing tools that Take the following steps before including people
you can use in your work search, including on your list of references:
• references • Choose the most appropriate references for the

job you’re applying for.
• letters of inquiry
• Ask permission to give their name and contact
• business cards
information to employers.
• portfolios
• Ask whether they prefer to be contacted by
• proposals phone, by email or in writing.
• thank-you notes • Ask your references whether they feel
comfortable providing a positive recommen-
dation. Don’t assume they do. To succeed in
References finding work, you need references who sincerely
During an interview, many employers will ask you believe you’re a valuable worker. If a potential
for a list of references—people who know you and reference gives you any indication that he
can tell an employer about your character, skills and or she wouldn’t be completely comfortable
work experience. You will therefore need to create recommending your work, ask someone else.
a list of your references, along with their contact If a reference sounds hesitant about answering
information, and take it with you to interviews. Your a question, for whatever reason, employers may
references are a crucial part of your marketing become suspicious.
strategy. They should be people who • To ensure your references are ready to answer
• know you well enough to be able to answer questions promptly and positively, give them a
specific questions about your character, skills copy of your resumé and let them know what
and work ethic position(s) you will be applying for and which
skills you want to emphasize.
• can recommend you to employers without
reservation • Contact your references each time you provide
their name to a potential employer.
• have good communication skills, especially on
the phone, as most employers prefer to check • Give your references the details about how
references this way and why you left or are leaving your job. The
explanation you give a prospective employer
You should have at least three references who must be the same as your reference’s and as
have either supervised you or worked closely positive as possible.
with you (on the job, at school or in volunteer
situations). If you have limited experience, some • Give your references enough time to respond to
may be personal references (people who can requests from potential employers (preferably
vouch for your character, but who haven’t directly a few days to prepare for a phone call and two
supervised or observed your work). weeks to provide a reference letter).

Because of potential legal issues, many
organizations have developed guidelines
for providing references. Some will provide Letters of reference
only employment dates, position and salary Letters of reference are typewritten or
information. Others will include only information emailed business letters in which your
from a performance review that you’ve endorsed. references tell potential employers about
If one of your references is restricted in this way, you. Although most employers prefer
you may want to ask that person to let potential to contact your references by phone,
employers know this response is company policy a letter may be the best way to get a
and isn’t a reflection of your performance. recommendation if your reference is moving
or is about to retire.
Once you’ve identified your references, create a
list including each reference’s
• name
• position and organization Letters of inquiry
• phone number Writing a letter of inquiry is a great way to break
• email address into the hidden job market. If you’d like to work for
a particular company, don’t wait for it to advertise
• relationship to you (for example, immediate an opening and then have to compete with many
supervisor or client) other candidates for the position. Instead, create
• contact preferences (time or method), if your own opportunity or job lead by contacting the
applicable company and letting it know of your interest and
what you have to offer.
Address your letter or email to the person in

RESOURCE
charge of hiring. Introduce yourself and explain

Requesting references why it would be mutually beneficial for you to
meet. If you send an email, create a subject line
For more information on references, see the alis
that’s intriguing and will ensure that your message
articles Requesting a Reference: Who and How to
will not be mistaken for junk mail.
Ask and Unavailable or Problem References? What
You Can Do, available at alis.alberta.ca/articles. The more you know about the company, the
better you’ll be able to identify any current or
potential need and match your specific skills and
background to meet it.
The following letter of inquiry was written to

Don’t include your references on your resumé.
explore a possible opportunity after the job seeker
Most employers don’t expect or want to contact
read a news article.
your references until they’ve interviewed and even
shortlisted you. And including your references on
resumés you post online may compromise your
references’ privacy. Bring your list of references to
the interview.
Remember to thank your references each time you

use their names, whether or not you land the job.

346 First Avenue
Everytown, Alberta T5T 7X7
February 12, 2018
Ms. Jane Smith

Chairman of the Board
Theatre YYY
Everytown, Alberta T5T 5T5
Re: Artistic Director
Dear Ms. Smith:
I was surprised by your current director’s decision to resign. His contribution to

Theatre YYY’s success has been significant.
I am interested in meeting with you to discuss how I might fill your immediate
need for a replacement. As an experienced director with strong casting, directing
and creative marketing skills, I have succeeded in increasing ticket sales by as
much as 78 per cent in one season. My success reflects my commitment to
audience and program interests. I would welcome the opportunity to work with
you to improve your organization’s finances and help you continue to produce the
fine quality of theatre for which your company is recognized.
I will contact you on Monday to discuss a possible meeting.
Sincerely,
Liz Carr

Business cards Portfolios
Handing out business cards is a professional way An employment portfolio is a collection of items
of ensuring that people can contact you if they hear that provide concrete evidence of your skills and
about an opportunity you might be interested in. accomplishments. It can be
Business cards help people remember you and the
• a collection of material assembled in a binder or
context in which they met you. They are a useful tool
an artist’s portfolio
for expanding your network because your contacts
can also pass your cards on to others. • a digital or online collection of documents and
files
Include the following information on your
business card: • a website
• your name, followed by a professional You can show your portfolio in an interview or, if
designation, college diploma or university your portfolio is online, include the link on your
degree, if you have one resumé or business card.
• your field of work (for example, Mechanical Currently in Alberta, presenting a portfolio in an
Engineer, Health Care Professional, Adult interview is still relatively uncommon outside of
Educator, Administrative Assistant, Musician, creative fields such as communications, graphic
Sales Representative) design, or professional dance. However, with
the encouragement of career development
• your contact information (telephone number, fax
professionals, educators and some certification
number, cellphone number and email address)
associations, portfolios are becoming increasingly
• your company name, if you have your own common within other professional groups. In fact,
company the high school Career and Life management
(CALM) Program of Study Students are
• up to three points that describe your work, skills
encouraged to develop a quality career portfolio.
and characteristics
You can also use the space on the back of your

RESOURCE
card to market yourself by briefly listing your skills Want to learn more about
and accomplishments. Another option is to include
portfolios?
a QR code (a square barcode that can be scanned
by smartphones) that contains your contact For more information about portfolios,
information or a link to your website. see the alis articles Building Your Portfolio
and Using Your Portfolio, available at

An unsolicited proposal is less likely to be accepted
than a solicited one. However, if you’ve discussed
the situation with people from the organization and
Tools for online portfolios
are sure they’d be receptive to a proposal, you may
If you want to create a website to host your portfolio but decide that the potential benefit is worth investing
don’t know how to do your own coding, a number of some of your time and energy.
online services, which are available free of charge, allow
you to create a website. Another option, if you want to If possible, deliver a printed proposal in person or
showcase creative work online without creating your own by mail or courier. An emailed proposal may look
website, is to set up a profile on a portfolio site. You can less attractive. Enclose your business card and, if
access these tools by doing a simple search online. you have one, a brochure about your business.
Thank-you notes
Proposals Thank-you notes are a good way to let people
You may meet or hear about an employer who’s know you appreciate their help or consideration.
struggling with a problem that you’re uniquely Thank people who
qualified to solve. If so, you may be able to create • spend time providing information or
a work opportunity for yourself by submitting an suggestions related to your job search
unsolicited proposal.
• give you job leads
Your proposal could take the form of a concise
letter that includes the following information: • invite you to come in for an interview
• background information such as a reference to • agree to be a reference or provide a letter of

previous discussions with the employer reference
• a short description of the challenge the • turn you down for a job
employer faces and the desired outcomes If your correspondence is with someone who
• some brief suggestions for a course of action has helped you by email, then an email is also an
appropriate way in which to thank that person. You
• your special qualifications (skills, experience) for may also send your note on personal stationery or
the action you propose a small card.
• when you could begin and complete the project When you’re advised that you aren’t the successful
• the fees and expenses you would charge candidate in a job competition, write a thank-
you note that politely and briefly expresses your
• when you’ll contact the employer to follow up disappointment, reinforces your continued interest
Be careful not to provide all the details of your in the company and thanks the interviewer(s) for
proposed course of action. The employer could the opportunity to discuss your background.
take your ideas and ask an employee or someone
else to implement them.
RESOURCE
Learn more about proposals

For more information on proposals, see the
alis article Writing a Proposal, available at

An example of an email
to be sent after a job
Dear Ms. Mah: interview.
Thank you for the opportunity to meet with you to

discuss the position of regional sales director.
I am more convinced than ever that I would be able to

contribute to your objectives. Please feel free to call if
there is any additional information I can supply to help
you in your decision-making.
Best regards,
Frank G. Svenson
Dear Mrs. Patel:
I really appreciate the time and attention you

gavemeonTuesday,March27.Thediscussion
was both helpful and inspiring. Your feedback
and leads have given me renewed optimism.
I have already contacted John Ormsky at

National Energy, as you suggested. We have a
meeting scheduled for Friday.
Thanks again!
An example of an appropriate Warmest regards,

thank-you note after an Joseph Kozub
information interview.

This section will help you
through the next step in
your work search—the job
interview. In a job interview,
employers ask many
questions that essentially
boil down to the following:
• What do you have to offer?
• Why do you want this job?
You can demonstrate your

value in an interview by
• gathering information
• presenting yourself well
• knowing what to expect
Preparing for
the Interview

Gathering information
Studies confirm that applicants who take the time • Talk to the staff at your local public library or
to find out something about the employer are more Alberta Works/Alberta Supports Centre. Explain
likely to get the job. The more you know about an that you’re preparing for an interview and
organization, the more confident you’ll feel going would like as much recent information about
into an interview because you’ll be sure that you’re an organization as possible. Staff may be able
a good fit for the position. You’ll be able to answer to direct you to both online and print resources
the employer’s questions professionally and such as the organization’s annual report or
thoroughly. other sources of information (for example,
magazine or news articles). To find the nearest
The following list reviews some of the suggestions
Alberta Works/Alberta Supports Centre, visit
from the section Researching employers, which
alis.alberta.ca/awc or call the Alberta Career
begins on page 22:
Information Hotline. See the Resources section
• Visit and explore the employer’s website. (page 95) for contact information.
Use an Internet search engine to find other
• Ask the people in your network what they know
information about the organization.
about the organization.
• Larger organizations often have public affairs
• Set up an information interview with someone
or communications departments that distribute
who works for the organization.
information about the organization’s programs,
services, financial situation and contributions • Contact your local chamber of commerce for
to the community. This information is often information about the organization.
available online.
• Visit the organization. Check out the location

and the products and services. Talk with the
receptionist or speak with another employee
who may be willing to answer questions. Research shows initiative
Noticing how people are dressed will help you
decide what to wear to your interview. An interviewer may ask what you’ve done to
prepare for the interview, knowing that your
• Check out the feel of an organization by answer reveals your
becoming a customer yourself. Are the staff
• interest in the position
helpful? Do they smile and interact, or keep
their heads down and their doors closed? • motivation
• resourcefulness
• Human resources staff at an organization
• planning and research skills
can be a valuable source of information
about job descriptions, salary ranges and the • communication skills
organization’s philosophy, goals and values. Doing your research will help you answer
this question with the kind of detail and
commitment that will make you stand out. It
will also help you handle many other questions
that will be asked in the interview.

Presenting yourself well
Your skills and accomplishments are key aspects Writing out your answers to these questions and
you’ll be focusing on during an interview. However, practising them out loud will significantly increase
how you present yourself—your appearance, your potential for success. You’ll be clear about
your attitude, your body language and so on—is your purpose and more confident as a result.
also vitally important. Research indicates that the
Use the following tips to help you manage any
decision to reject an applicant is made within the
anxiety you have:
first three minutes of the interview. So you want
to do everything you can to create a good first • Visualize yourself in the interview. Form a
impression! mental picture of who is in the room. See
yourself looking poised, confident and
To present yourself in the best possible light during
relaxed and responding to questions with
an interview, think about how to
ease. Observe the positive reaction of the
• build your confidence interviewers. This will help to reduce fear of the
unknown and minimize negative thoughts and
• project a professional image
expectations.
• anticipate employers’ concerns
• Just before going into an interview, breathe
deeply and slowly to slow your heart rate and
Building your confidence calm yourself so that you can concentrate on
what you want to say. While you’re waiting to
Showing confidence in an interview will help you be called into the interview, sit up straight with
create the kind of impression that lands jobs. To your feet flat on the floor and your head erect.
build your confidence and increase your sense of Take a deep breath and very slowly exhale
empowerment before an interview, develop a clear through your mouth. Repeat three or more
idea of what you want to say about yourself and times.
what you want to learn about the company and
the position. • While deep breathing or immediately after,
use positive affirmations like the following to
To help you plan what you want to say, consider maintain a positive, upbeat attitude:
the following questions:
• I’m relaxed and confident.
• What relevant knowledge, skills and abilities do
I have to offer? • I can handle anything that comes up in the
interview.
• How do my education and experience relate to
the employer’s needs? • I’m a good communicator.
• How well do the demands of the job and the • I’m an ideal candidate for the job.
nature of the organization meet my needs and • I have a great deal to offer this company.
wants?
• I’m prepared.
• What’s my track record for achieving results,
• I will learn from this process.
contributing to successful outcomes and
enhancing group effectiveness? • Review and reaffirm several specific strengths
you bring to the job.

Projecting a professional image Being neat and well-groomed is important. If
you’re in doubt about the professionalism of your
Before you even speak, the image you project
appearance, ask trusted friends, colleagues or
(your clothing, grooming, posture, facial
mentors for feedback and advice. By carefully
expression, eye contact and handshake) creates
choosing what you wear, you’ll be saying to the
an impact. Your visual presentation is responsible
employer, “I understand your culture. I belong.
for more than half of the impression you make.
I fit in.”
What to wear
When you’re researching an employer, find out how
people in the organization usually dress. Consider
dropping by the company to get a feel for how
employees are dressed, or ask the person who calls
to schedule the interview. As a general rule, aim to
dress like the employees, but one level higher.
Every workplace has a slightly different set of rules

for appropriate attire. For example, a shirt and tie
with slacks and a co-ordinated sports jacket may
be very appropriate for a man in one organization,
but not in a more formal, image-conscious
company where staff members are expected to
wear suits. On the other hand, if you’re applying
for a service management position in an oilfield
company, wearing a three-piece suit may be
inappropriate.
The style, colour and fabric of your clothing

will affect the impression you make. Be
conservative. For a job interview, solid
colours tend to be better than busy, bold
prints. Make sure the clothes you wear are
clean, pressed and in good condition and
that your shoes are polished and in good
repair. Use discretion with perfume (many
companies now have a scent-free policy),
jewellery, makeup and other accessories.

Body language
Once you have the right look, make sure your body
language supports a professional image too. Non-
verbal communication speaks louder than words. Shake hands with confidence
As part of your preparation, pay attention to • Take the initiative and extend your hand
other people’s body language. When you’re without waiting for the interviewer to do so.
watching people, take note of mannerisms • Say “Hello” or “Pleased to meet you.”
that communicate what you’d like to say about
• If you’re being introduced to a third party by
yourself. Anticipate how an interviewer might
someone who states your full name, you don’t
interpret your mannerisms and ensure that your need to repeat it. If your name is not given,
body is saying what you want to communicate. Try add “I’m (your full name)” to your greeting.
the following suggestions:
• Firmly grip the full hand (not just the fingers) of
• Keep your head, shoulders and back erect. the person you’re greeting. Two shakes of the
Walk with a sense of purpose to communicate hand is standard.
energy and confidence. If you don’t actually
feel confident, pretending you do will have a
positive influence on your body language. • Show friendliness, interest and confidence in
your facial expression. Smile and make direct
• In the interview, sit up straight with your feet
eye contact. In Canada, lack of eye contact is
flat on the floor and your hands in your lap or
often interpreted as lack of honesty or lack of
your arms on the chair arms. This is an open
confidence.
position. It says that you’re relaxed, confident
and comfortable. If your hands or arms are • Learn how to shake hands if this skill isn’t already
crossed over your chest or stomach, you may a part of your social behaviour. A professional,
be seen as defensive, hostile or closed-minded. friendly handshake shows confidence, breaks
down barriers and initiates bonding.

• Lean forward slightly to show interest. Anticipating
• Use appropriate hand and arm gestures to add employers’ concerns
emphasis and credibility to what you’re saying.
The Alberta Human Rights Act protects workers
But avoid overdoing your gestures.
against discrimination on grounds such as age,
• If you have a tendency to wiggle, fidget or play race, religion and family status. However, other
with anything you have in your hands, be aware types of circumstances could be barriers to being
and stop yourself. Practise and get feedback hired. For example, you might anticipate that
from a friend. employers will be concerned if you
• If you’re seated too far away, too close or where • have a criminal record
it’s difficult to make eye contact with everyone
• have had an attendance problem
on an interview panel, move your chair.
• lost your last job
Voice • are overqualified
Pay attention to the effect other people’s voices
• don’t speak or understand English well
have on you. What is it about the tone, speed and
pitch of someone’s voice that is or isn’t appealing? What can you do to remove potential barriers?
Notice the characteristics you attribute to people Employers want to hire people who are
based on their voices. positive, enthusiastic and flexible. Projecting
a positive attitude can help you break through
Unless you have a disability or an injury or illness
preconceptions an employer may have.
that affects your vocal cords or your breath, you
have the power to change the way you use your If you lost your last job as a result of something you
voice. Go online or visit a public library to find did, you may want to explain the circumstances,
resources that will help you learn how to develop take responsibility and describe what you have
your voice. Ask for feedback from friends, family learned from the experience. If you know that you
members or a mentor about how you sound. need to brush up your skills in a particular area
and you are planning to take a class or training,
mention it during the interview to show that you are
proactively looking to improve.
RESOURCE
Dealing with barriers

For additional strategies to
overcome specific potential
barriers to being hired, see
the alis articles Finding Work
With a Criminal Record,
Overqualified? Make the Best
of Your Experience! and What
to Say About Your Disability
and When to Say it, available at

Knowing what to expect
Knowing in advance what to expect in an interview Screening interviews

will go a long way toward reducing your anxiety. The screening process starts with your resumé
Use the information and suggestions in this and cover letter. If you have shown you meet
section to help you the criteria for the job, you typically move on
• understand different types of interviews to a screening interview of some kind, usually
conducted by human resources staff. You may be
• understand the interview process screened by phone or in a face-to-face interview.
• answer typical interview questions You may also be screened
• know your human rights • by writing a proficiency test, such as a skills

assessment
• ask appropriate questions of your own during
the interview • by taking part in a group interview, where
several applicants are interviewed at the same
time. Each person answers a question or stands
Typical interview types up and makes a short statement about himself
or herself.
The type and number of interviews you’ll take part
in depends on the size, scope and culture of the • by computer. You log on to the organization’s
employer and on the position you apply for. Many website to answer a series of multiple-choice and
employers will screen you on the basis of your short-answer questions when you submit your
cover letter and resumé and conduct one interview. application or resumé online. Some organizations
Others may ask you to a series of interviews where use this technique to screen out applicants. In
you may meet with several different individuals or this case, the organization will accept resumés
groups three or more times. or applications only from those who meet the
computer software’s screening criteria.
Questions to ask before the interview

When you’re contacted for an • the time of the interview • what tests or exercises, if
interview, try to find out as much • the exact location of the any, you may be expected to
information as possible from the interview: room number, floor, complete and how to prepare
person who contacts you. If that building and address for them
person is unable to answer your • what you should bring
• directions, if you need them
questions, ask for someone who
• where and how long to park You can also use the opportunity
can, such as a human resources
to ask about the organization’s
supervisor or the hiring manager. • what type of interview to
dress code and to let the
You need to find out expect
employer know if you’re planning
• names and positions of all the to bring your portfolio to the
interviewers interview.

Panel interviews Serial interviews
Panel interviews are conducted by a group of Serial interviews are common in larger
representatives from an organization. For example, organizations. If you succeed at one level, you’re
interviews may be conducted by a combination then referred to another individual or panel for
of people from human resources and the area in the next stage. You might have several separate
which the successful candidate will work. In the interviews. Some of these may take place in
not-for-profit sector, entire boards sometimes informal settings such as restaurants. Some might
participate in the hiring process. involve a tour of a physical plant, for example,
where you will be introduced to other staff. You’ll
At the beginning of a panel interview, be sure
be assessed throughout the process to determine
you’re seated where you can make eye contact
how well you might fit in.
with all panel members. If you know the names
and positions of the interviewers ahead of time,
you may be able to identify whom you would be
Phone and video interviews
reporting to and whom you would be working with Employers sometimes conduct phone, video or
if you are the successful candidate. It’s difficult to conference call interviews of applicants who live in
catch everyone’s name as you’re introduced to a other locations. Some employers ask job seekers
group of people. If you make the effort to find out to respond to a list of questions on video before
their names beforehand and write them down, inviting them for a second interview in person.
you’re more likely to feel comfortable using the
panel members’ names during the interview.
RESOURCE Handling phone interviews

For more information on phone
interviews, see the alis article How to
Shine in a Virtual Interview, available
at alis.alberta.ca/articles.
Giving a good interview

• Stay positive. If you must • Stay calm. Be friendly and • Take your time responding to
refer to a negative situation professional to everyone, questions. Take a breath and
from your past, such as a including the person who think about your answer. If you
problem with a supervisor greets you when you arrive. don’t understand a question,
or an organization, describe • Focus on your strengths. Make ask the interviewer to reframe it.
the situation factually and it easy for employers to see • Send the employer a thank-
in a positive way. You may how your qualifications meet you note that emphasizes
also choose to describe how their needs. two or three reasons why
you’d handle the situation you’re a great candidate for
• Be honest but diplomatic.
differently the next time. Never the position, regardless of the
say anything negative about a • Avoid bringing up personal
outcome of the interview.
person or an organization. issues and discussing
controversial or sensitive • Assess and learn from your
topics. performance.

The interview process • The interviewer will probably begin with general
questions about your background and progress
Well-planned interviews are usually conducted in
to more specific questions about your skills and
the following sequence:
experience.
• Interviews generally start with introductions,
• After the interviewer has asked his or her
handshakes and some polite conversation to
questions, you’ll probably have an opportunity
put everyone at ease. Interviewers judge your
to ask any questions you may have about the
confidence level by how you meet and greet
job and organization. It’s a good idea to take
new people and handle new situations.
advantage of this opportunity. (See the Asking
• If you’re being interviewed by more than one your own questions section on page 80.)
person and you haven’t been introduced to
• To signal that the interview is nearly over, the
everyone present, ask politely for their names
interviewer might say, “Is there anything else
and their positions.
you’d like to tell us?” At this point, you may
• Usually the interviewer will give you an idea want to briefly summarize three or four key
of what will happen in the interview and points to remind interviewers about the skills
how long it will be. The interviewer’s role is and knowledge you can bring to the position.
to ask questions that will draw out as much
• The interviewer may ask you for your
information from you as possible. You should
references. Have a copy of your references list
expect to do 80 per cent of the talking.
ready to provide.
• The interviewer will likely close the interview

with a cordial statement such as, “We
appreciate your interest in the job (or
Taking initiative in organization) and thank you for coming to an
an interview interview. You can expect to hear from us by
next Tuesday.” If the interviewer doesn’t offer
Not all employers are good interviewers. If you
this kind of information about the next step,
encounter an employer who isn’t, you may have
ask when you might expect to hear about the
to gently guide the conversation to make sure
hiring decision. Then thank the interviewer for
the employer realizes how your qualifications
relate to the job requirements. the opportunity and shake hands again, if it’s
appropriate, before you leave.
Other recruitment requirements

Before or after an interview, you • demonstrating job-related skills • undergoing psychological or
may be asked to complete other (for example, writing something personality testing
recruitment requirements such as based on supplied information) Any tests you’re asked to take
• submitting samples of your • taking a test to evaluate your should be relevant to the job and
work aptitude or technical expertise administered to all applicants.
• presenting your driver’s licence, • demonstrating your problem- Find out as much as possible
submitting an abstract of your solving skills by dealing with a about any tests and ask if it’s
driving record or providing hypothetical situation possible to prepare for them.
evidence of academic
qualifications, professional
memberships or licences

Typical interview questions • knowledge, skills and abilities
You can likely anticipate the majority of questions • expectations of your supervisor and the
you’ll be asked. For example, you’ll probably be organization
asked questions about your • supervisory or management styles, if the job
• education, training, previous employment and requires you to perform this function
volunteer or community activities • flexibility and adaptability
• career plans and how the position relates • availability to start work
to them
• reasons for leaving previous employers
• interest in the job and company
• reasons for pursuing particular goals, training or
• strengths and weaknesses leisure activities
• salary expectations. If you don’t know the salary

range for the type of work you’re applying for,
check out the Wages and Salaries in Alberta
at alis.alberta.ca/occinfo. Or, if you’re being
Anticipate and practise interviewed by a large organization, check with
The best way to prepare for an interview is to anticipate the human resources department.
what you’ll be asked and to develop and practise your
responses:
• Write them down so that you can see your answers
on paper.
• Record them so that you can listen to or watch
yourself and gauge how much you’re improving.
• Role-play with a friend or family member so that you
can get feedback.
Each of these techniques will help you assess your
responses objectively and decide how you could
improve. The time you spend practising will improve
your interview skills and build your confidence—a great
way to reduce your nervousness during the interview.

Tough questions Tell me about yourself
If you’ve identified your skills and Interviewers consistently report that one of the
accomplishments using the exercises in the toughest questions for most job seekers to answer
Preparing for Your Work Search section (starting well is “Tell me about yourself.” Your response to
on page 6), you have the information you need to this common interview question reveals a lot about
answer the following tough interview questions:
• how well you deal with ambiguity
• Why should we hire you?
• your organizational and communication skills
• What would you bring to this job?
• your ability to anticipate what the interviewer
• Why do you want this job? needs to know about you
• Why do you want to leave your current job? • your ability to evaluate and summarize the most
significant contributions you could make to the
• Why did you leave your last job?
organization
• What are your strengths?
Resist the impulse to ask “What do you want
• What are your weaknesses? to know?” in reply. Instead, respond as if the
interviewer had asked, “How would you describe
• What did you like about your last job?
your background and how it has prepared you for
• What did you dislike? this job?” That’s really the question being asked.
• Tell us about a time when you didn’t handle a Use your response to stimulate the interviewer’s
situation well and what you learned from it. interest in you. Avoid making general statements
Candidly answering questions about strengths and about your background and assuming that
weaknesses may seem to go against the idea of experience equals demonstrated competence.
marketing yourself. But weakness in this context Talk about the results you’ve achieved.
means a job-related knowledge or skill deficiency: • Don’t say, “Well, I have seven years of
you’re being asked to acknowledge that there are experience in accounting for oilfield supply
areas you need to develop. companies, including supervising four clerical
One way to answer these questions is to identify support staff for three years. My academic
a weakness that wouldn’t be a problem in the background includes a Business Administration
position or to explain how you’re working on or diploma in accounting from Anytown College
have improved your performance in a particular and I’ve completed the fourth level of CGA
area. For example, if you’re being interviewed for a certification.” Avoid repeating the information in
supervisory position but have limited supervisory your resumé.
experience, don’t say, “I’ve never supervised • Do say, “I’ve always been attracted to working
anyone.” Instead, say something like “Although I with numbers and financial analysis. I started
have limited supervisory experience, I am enrolled my post-secondary education by completing
in a supervisory development program and have a Business Administration diploma at Anytown
had some leadership experience with a community College, majoring in accounting. After I
organization.” graduated, I applied to XYZ Oil Services and
was chosen from a pool of 48 applicants for
the position of office manager. In the seven
years I’ve been there, I’ve been given more
responsibility and three promotions. I feel I’ve
contributed significantly to the company’s
profitability. I’ve recently completed the fourth
level CGA and will write the final in May.”

In the second response, the candidate offers
relevant information about interests, motivation,
ability to set goals and follow through, academic Common behavioural
and job-related accomplishments, initiative, questions
creativity, suitability for advancement and
To practise answering behavioural
willingness to take on new challenges.
questions, consider how you’d respond to
the following prompts and questions:
Hypothetical and behavioural questions
• Please give us an example of a work
Some interview questions are difficult to anticipate situation where you had to deal with
or prepare for. For example, an interviewer might conflict, either with a customer or a
ask how you’d handle a particular type of stressful co-worker. Tell us how you handled it.
situation (a hypothetical question) or ask you to
• Describe a situation where a fellow
describe how you handled a difficult experience worker or supervisor had expectations
at work (a behavioural question). Your response that you felt were unfair or unrealistic.
reveals information about what kind of situations How did you deal with that?
you find stressful and how you cope with them.
• Can you identify a work-related situation
Employers ask hypothetical and behavioural where you recognized a problem and
questions to find out how you’d handle conditions initiated some action to correct the
you’re likely to encounter on the job. For example, problem?
if the work sometimes requires dealing with • Give us an example of some research
disgruntled customers who may become verbally you’ve done. What were your findings
abusive, the employer needs to know how you’d and conclusions? What did you decide or
react. The interviewer may ask what you would do recommend as a result of your research?
in that situation or ask you to describe a situation • Give us an example of a time when you
in your last job that involved an angry customer. He conformed to a policy that you didn’t
or she may follow up with specific questions about agree with. What was your rationale?
how you handled the situation and what happened • Can you describe a group situation
as a result of your actions. where you were the only person with an
opposing viewpoint? How did you handle
The following suggestions may help you answer
it? What were the results?
hypothetical and behavioural questions:
• Before an interview, analyze the information

you’ve gathered about the employer and the
work. Try to anticipate situations you might • When asked to describe situations you’ve
encounter on the job. Think about how you’ve actually experienced, limit your examples to
handled similar situations in the past. Select those situations you handled well. Interviewers
situations in which your behaviour contributed who ask behavioural questions believe that how
to a positive outcome. Use the STARS you reacted in the past is a good indication
storytelling method to develop brief descriptions of how you’ll react in the future. They may
of those situations. (See the Analyzing your disregard anything you say about how you’d
accomplishments—STARS exercise on page 15 handle the situation differently next time.
and the Using STARS in an Interview example
• Don’t make up an answer to a behavioural
on the next page for more details.)
question. The interviewer could follow up by
• If you’re caught off guard by a hypothetical asking detailed questions about the situation,
question in an interview, think through your what you did and what happened as a result.
answer before you say anything. In order to be Always be honest. If you don’t have work-
fair to all candidates, effective interviewers won’t related experience, describe a situation from a
give you any clues as to what they think the right volunteer or community experience. If you have
answer is. All you can do is answer honestly. no experience relevant to the situation, describe
how you would handle the situation.

If success on the job requires handling stressful It’s unacceptable for employers to ask for any
situations calmly and effectively, an interviewer information that could intentionally or inadvertently
may actually try to provoke you to see how well be used to discriminate against you, including
you handle the situation. You have nothing to information about gender, gender identity, gender
gain and everything to lose by getting angry or expression, marital status, age, birthplace,
letting your disappointment show if you think ancestry or religious beliefs. For more
the interview is not going well. No matter what information, read What Can Employers Ask You
happens in an interview, remain calm, composed at alis.alberta.ca/articles.
and confident—or at least try to look like you are.
Asking your own questions

Inappropriate questions Toward the end of an interview, employers
Employers who are not well informed about often ask if you have any questions about the
human rights protection in Alberta under the organization or the job. If you say “no,” which is
Alberta Human Rights Act may ask inappropriate what many applicants do, you may be sending the
questions in an interview. employer a negative message.
It’s acceptable for potential employers to ask By having questions prepared, you show the
employer that you
• about your ability to fulfil work-related
requirements, such as your ability to work night • did your research
shifts, travel or lift heavy items
• are very interested in the company
• for any previous names you’ve held if the
• know what’s important to you in an employer/
information is needed to complete reference
employee relationship
checks or verify your past employment or
education • are confident and able to assert yourself
appropriately
• for your previous address if, for example, the
job has a residency requirement Preface your questions by saying that the interview
has provided you with valuable information and
• whether you’re legally permitted to work in
you’d like to ask some questions to clarify your
Alberta
understanding.
Using STARS in an interview

The following example shows how Action: I called the customer this order was on us. I assured him
a candidate used STARS to answer immediately to assure him that I would that we would make changes to
the behavioural prompt “Tell us how investigate the situation myself. I ensure that the problem wouldn’t
you’ve handled a problem with a checked all the details: his documents happen again. Working with the
customer.” and our documents, our stock- warehouse and shipping managers,
Situation: A disgruntled customer labelling system, the steps in the order- we implemented a new numbering
claimed the shipping department sent filling process. Sure enough, we’d system that has shortened our order
his shop the wrong parts. made the mistake—a typo. But the response time by 15 per cent and
root of the problem was in our parts- reduced errors from an average of 11
Task: As the assistant manager, I numbering system, where similar parts to three per month.
had to determine if we had made an carried numbers that were too much
error or if the customer had placed Skills: I used my communication,
alike and prone to this type of error. analytical and teamwork skills to
an incorrect order. This was a high-
volume customer whose business Results: I called the customer to solve a particular problem for a
was important to my organization. tell him the correct parts were being customer and an overall problem for
couriered to him overnight and that my organization.

It’s standard practice to bring a list of prepared
questions with you or to jot down questions that
occur to you during the interview. When it’s your
Handling inappropriate turn to ask questions, quickly review your list
questions and ask any questions that haven’t already been
answered.
There are several ways to respond if
you’re asked an inappropriate question
in an interview: What should you ask?
In an interview, you may want to ask about
• Politely refuse to answer the
question. Tactfully let the employer • the key focus in the department at this time
know that the question is
• the first major project or challenge in this
inappropriate.
position
• Answer the question and go on to
discuss the underlying concern. • major challenges facing the company
For example, an employer who
• working conditions—for example, what
inappropriately asks about your
employees say they enjoy most about working
family plans or the number of children
you have might incorrectly assume for the organization
you’re more likely to be absent • the number of people you’d be working with or
because of parental leave or sick supervising
time. In this case, you could address
the underlying concern by talking • reporting relationships
about your excellent attendance • travel requirements, if any
record and your ability to do the job.
Bear in mind that interviewers may • what the organization values and looks for in
just be making polite conversation employees
or may not be thinking about human
• performance measures and reviews
rights legislation, so don’t assume
they’re ignoring your rights. • the organization’s policies regarding continuing
• Respond only to the underlying education and career development
concern.
Questions about salary, vacation, benefits and
However you choose to answer, be hours of work should be left until after you receive
professional and diplomatic. a job offer.
If you have a human rights complaint
If you’ve researched the job so well you don’t have
or a question about a specific situation,
any questions or you just can’t think of any, you
call the confidential inquiry line Alberta
Human Rights Commission at could say something like the following:
780-427-7661 (Red Deer and north) • “Well, I did have a few questions before I came
or 403-297-6571 (south of Red Deer), in, but you’ve covered them all during the
or visit the website at interview.”
albertahumanrights.ab.ca.
• “Between the research I did beforehand and
the helpful information you’ve provided today,
I think I have a pretty good sense of the
company, the job and your expectations. And
I’m even more convinced I’m the person for
the job!” Or, “I’m even more convinced that my
skills and experience are a great match for the
position requirements!”

Learning from the process
Effective job seekers stay open to what they can Use the following suggestions to assess how
learn from the interview process. They continually you did:
reflect on and evaluate the steps they take and
the outcomes they experience. Learning from • Write down as many questions as you can
the process helps them to maintain both their remember from the interview and how you
perspective and their self-confidence. answered them. If there were any questions you
weren’t prepared for, write down how you might
answer similar questions next time.
Assessing interviews • Make a note of any questions you wished you
Regardless of the outcome, do a self-evaluation had asked and add them to your list for next
following each interview. This will help you resist time.
the urge to replay the event in your mind and
second-guess yourself. It will also prepare you for
the next interview.

• Give yourself a pat on the back for the • Graciously thank employers for their feedback
questions you handled well. and, if appropriate, reassert your interest in
employment with the organization.
• Assess how well you emphasized the
connection between what you have to offer and • Keep employers’ names and contact
what the employer was looking for. What would information. You may be applying to them in the
you do differently next time? future. Meanwhile, they may be good contacts
for your network.
• Assess your attitude throughout the interview.
Did you keep your responses positive, polite • Ask employers if you could contact them again
and professional? in a few months. Sometimes the successful
candidate doesn’t work out and the employer
Remember that each interview offers you an
needs to hire again.
opportunity to learn, improve your presentation and
move toward the interview that lands you a job. Employers usually find it difficult to select
one person from among several well-qualified
applicants. Often, they make their decision
Following up based on gut feelings or intuition about how
Following up with employers by phone or email the successful candidate will fit in and meet the
can provide useful information about the current organization’s needs. That’s why it’s so important
labour market, other applicants you’re competing not to take the rejection you experience in your
with, the employer’s needs and your interview work search personally. Learn what you can from
skills. To approach employers for feedback, use it and move on.
the following suggestions:
• If your approach is professional and non-

confrontational, employers may be willing
to provide feedback about your interview
performance. Be sure to phrase your request When you don’t get the job
so that employers understand that you’re not Many factors can contribute to an employer
asking them to defend their decisions. choosing a candidate other than you:
• Ask employers if they’d be willing to comment • Sometimes employers wish they could
on your interview performance—both what you hire more than one candidate, but they
did effectively and what you could improve. have only one opening.
• Another candidate may have more
• Listen carefully to their answers and remain
experience or lower salary expectations.
objective. What you learn could greatly improve
your chances of success next time. If you don’t • Some employers take office dynamics
into consideration and choose the
agree, don’t argue—you’re still being evaluated
candidate who will fit in best with the
and you want to leave a favourable impression.
existing staff.
• The successful candidate may have a
history or connection with the employer.
Choosing the successful candidate is a
business decision. Don’t take it personally!

This section will help you deal with the
inevitable ups and downs of a work
search by maintaining a positive attitude.
It also discusses the steps to take when
your work search comes to an end.
Strategies that contribute to a successful
work search include
• staying positive throughout the process
• dealing with practical considerations
like organization and finances
• handling a job offer effectively and
preparing for your next work search
Strategies
for Success
Thinking positively
When you’re unemployed or unhappy in your If you don’t know what kind of work you’re
current position, worried about money, anxious looking for, you risk taking jobs you don’t like
about how your qualifications measure up and or aren’t well suited for. Targeting your work
afraid of rejection, you may sometimes find search is much more effective than widely
yourself struggling to maintain a positive attitude. distributing hundreds of resumés that aren’t
relevant to the employer or the position. If
Self-confidence is a vital element in your work
you’re not sure what kind of work you want,
search—employers want to hire people who
take some time to review and complete the
believe in themselves. Yet nothing destroys self-
Your ideal workplace exercise on page 18.
confidence faster than a descent into negativity,
worry and fear. • I’m only qualified for one type of work. If
you think you’re only qualified to work at what
This section looks at strategies for maintaining
you’re trained for or have done in the past, you
the positive attitude that will support your self-
may be limiting your options unnecessarily.
confidence. These suggestions will help you
Stop thinking in terms of job titles and start
• avoid self-defeating thoughts
thinking about your skills. For example,
• deal with job loss or the transition from school teachers have communication skills,
to work organizational skills and leadership skills.
Hairstylists must be skilled at making customers
• handle rejection
feel comfortable, marketing products, dealing
• maintain your energy with cash and working efficiently. These skills
• cope with emotional highs and lows are required in many types of work, not just
teaching and hairstyling.
To find out what skills you have that could

Avoiding self-defeating thoughts transfer to other kinds of work, check out the
What you think about yourself affects your Identifying your skills section on page 5.
expectations and behaviour. If you think you • I have no idea what I want. Try making a list
can’t succeed (for example, “No one will hire me of things you don’t want to do. Then take each
because I was fired” or “I’m too old, too young, item on the list and rewrite it to state what you
not educated enough…”), you’ll feel defeated by do want. For example, if you don’t want to work
your negative thoughts before you even begin your shifts, say “I want to work regular weekday
work search and may act in ways that are likely to hours” or whatever is appropriate in your
create negative results. circumstances. See the Understanding your
If any of the following thoughts seem familiar, workplace preferences section on page 17.
consider the responses carefully.
• I’ll take any job I can get. You’re probably

selling yourself short. You’re a unique individual
with many skills and interests. There are many
things you can do. Which interests will lead
to the most productive use of your skills and
abilities? What type of work will satisfy you?

• There ought to be a test I can take that • Bargaining. You may try to reverse the situation
will tell me what I should do! Most of us by offering to take a pay cut or move to another
would like to find an easy way to bypass the position in the organization.
self-assessment part of the work search.
• Depression. You may grieve your job loss and
Unfortunately, self-assessment is not
lose your sense of perspective. Reach out and
always that simple. Career and employment
let your family and friends help you through this
counsellors can help you explore possibilities.
stage. Other people directly affected by your
Career planning workshops, along with
job loss may also be grieving and may need to
tools like those available on CAREERinsite
talk about their fears too.
(careerinsite.alberta.ca), will help you
understand yourself better. Ultimately, however, • Acceptance. You accept the fact that the job is
only you can decide what type of work will be gone and start gearing up for the work search
interesting and meaningful for you, pay well ahead.
enough and satisfy your other requirements
(hours, location, benefits and organizational
culture). Transitioning from school
to work
Dealing with job loss Although many students work part time while
they’re going to school, the transition to the full-
If you’ve been laid off or fired, you may have to time work world can be stressful. If you’re a recent
deal with a range of emotions before you’re ready graduate accustomed to the relatively structured
to begin a serious work search. Some people school environment, you may feel overwhelmed
experience all of the following stages of job loss while you figure out what to do next. As you start
within hours, while others need more time to work out in your career, you may also feel like you face a
through particular stages: frustrating catch-22: you need experience to get a
• Denial. At first, you may be in shock and act job, but you need a job to get experience.
as though nothing has happened, particularly if Start thinking about your work search before you
you didn’t expect to lose your job. leave school, and keep the following in mind:
• Anger. You may blame yourself, your employer • Be open to different options. These days,
or someone else. most people change occupations several
times throughout their lives, so don’t worry
about finding the perfect fit on the first try. Give
yourself permission to explore.
RESOURCE
Job loss: Practical steps • Be realistic. You may need to compromise

on some of your workplace wants in order to
For specific suggestions on dealing with job loss,
get a foot in the door and gain professional
see the alis articles Dealing with Job Loss at
experience. An entry-level position won’t have
alis.alberta.ca/articles. Another helpful resource
the salary or responsibilities that you can hope
is Creating a New Future: The Job-Loss Workbook,
available at alis.alberta.ca/publications. to have a few years down the road. Your career
is a journey, and you have to start somewhere.
• Recognize your advantages. Many employers

prefer to hire recent graduates because they
have up-to-date knowledge in their field and
tend to adapt well to the employer’s corporate
culture.

Handling rejection Coping with emotional
It’s not uncommon to experience rejection at some highs and lows
point in the job search process. Try to pursue Whatever your circumstances, you’ll likely
multiple opportunities at once rather than focusing experience emotional highs and lows as you
all your energy and hopes on one application. That progress through your work search. It’s important
way, if one option doesn’t work out, you’ll already to have realistic expectations. Prepare yourself
have others on the go. emotionally and financially for a work search that
If you do experience rejection, don’t let it erode could take six months or longer. You may find work
your confidence. Instead, use it to your advantage sooner than that, but keeping your expectations
and take positive, appropriate action to learn from reasonable will help you keep your emotions
the experience. Analyze your work search tools stable.
and strategies and look for ways to improve. One of the best ways to cope with emotional highs
For example, rework your resumé or move your and lows is to talk about your feelings. Don’t shut
networking activities into high gear. If you’re not out the people who care about you. Acknowledge
sure how you can improve, gather feedback by and talk about your deepest emotions with people
you trust. Keep a private journal and use it to write
• asking former colleagues, mentors, friends and
out your fears and frustrations.
family for feedback about your marketing tools
and strategies If you reach the point where you feel you can’t
cope, talk to a professional counsellor. Reach out
• talking to a career and employment counsellor
to organizations such as the Canadian Mental
at an Alberta Works/Alberta Supports Centre
Health Association (Alberta Division) at alberta.
or to a Career Information Hotline advisor
cmha.ca to find your CMHA.
(See the Resources section on page 95 for
contact information.)
• following up with employers

Maintaining your energy • run, jog, lift weights or work out
Looking for work is hard work. It can take a lot • walk the dog
of energy—mentally, emotionally and physically. • go for a bike ride
Many people say it’s one of the toughest things
they’ve ever had to do. To maintain your positive • read a book, cover to cover
attitude and renew your hope, remember to stop • watch a favourite movie
and smell the roses from time to time. Ask for
support from friends and family members. • do a crossword puzzle
Be good to yourself. Reward yourself when you’ve • listen to your favourite music
worked hard. Do things that help to reduce your • walk in a park
stress and increase your energy. There are plenty
• visit a museum
of inexpensive ways to reward yourself and
maintain your momentum. Here are only a few of • spend time with friends and family
the possibilities:
• attend a free concert
• organize a pick-up game of hockey
• draw
• build something
• skate
• read comics or graphic novels

• dance
• do some gardening
• take a long bubble bath surrounded
by candlelight and music
RESOURCE
More help with

staying positive
If you’re feeling discouraged about
your work search, see the ALIS article
Stay Positive during Your Work Search,
available at alis.alberta.ca/articles, or
check out these resources:
• Change and Transitions: The Path
From A to B
• Positivity Works
These publications are available
at alis.alberta.ca/publications.

Dealing with practical considerations
Set yourself up for success. If you’re unemployed, Staying organized

spend as much time each day on your work
Whether you prefer to keep your records
search (networking, researching, contacting
electronically or in hard copy, being organized will
employers, preparing your marketing tools and
help you feel more confident and professional.
planning your strategies) as you would at work.
Most importantly, all the information you need
The harder and smarter you work at finding work, to succeed in your work search will be at your
the sooner you’ll succeed and the happier you’ll fingertips.
be with what you find. Include people in your
Keep electronic or scanned work search
work search process who will help you to keep
documents in a folder on your computer or on a
progressing.
flash drive or disc. If you have paper copies, keep
Work as efficiently and effectively as you can by them in a set of file folders, an expanding file or a
• getting and staying organized three-ring binder. Arrange the information in the
following sections:
• being financially responsible
• information about you, your skills and
accomplishments (Use the self-assessment
exercises in this publication.)
• information about your market, such as news
articles about organizations that interest you,
magazine articles about employment trends,
notes you jot down when you get an idea and
job postings
• employer contact information and related

notes, including names, phone numbers, dates
contacted, outcomes and when to call back
• your marketing tools, all versions of your

resumé and cover letters, and thank-you letters
or cards
Organize a system to record your actions and

monitor your progress. For example, you can use
the Work Search Plan and Record, available at
alis.alberta.ca/wsrecord.

Being financially responsible
RESOURCE
If you’re currently unemployed or soon will be, More advice on
there are at least three reasons for dealing with managing money
any concerns you may have about money now:
You’ll find help with the budgeting
1. Worrying about money drains energy you need process and cutting your expenses,
for your work search. as well as other information, in the
publication Stretch Your Dollars:
2. If employers get the impression that you want
Budgeting Basics, available at
to work for them only because you need the
alis.alberta.ca/publications.
money, they probably won’t hire you.
3. If you’re worried about money, you’re more

likely to accept work you don’t really want.
If you don’t like the work, you’ll be looking • If you’re eligible, apply for EI immediately and
for work again much sooner than you would fill out the forms carefully. Your first cheque will
otherwise. take several weeks to arrive, and any problems
with your forms will create a further delay.
Plan ahead so that you aren’t caught off guard
by work search expenses. You’ll need • Consider ways to save or earn money over
appropriate clothing and shoes, stationery the short term. You could hold a garage sale,
supplies and funds for things such as deliver newspapers or exchange services
transportation and postage. with friends and neighbours (for example, you
babysit for others and they babysit for you).
Your work search could take months. Use
the following suggestions to prepare for the • Keep track of your expenses and see if you can
unexpected: cut back anywhere. Look through your receipts
and bank statements to figure out how much
• Take stock of all possible sources of income:
you’re currently spending and on what.
severance pay, pension fund refunds,
employment insurance (EI) and so on. If you owe money, discuss your situation with your
bank manager or a financial counsellor. You may
be able to consolidate your debts or negotiate
smaller loan payments.

Handling a job offer
After all the time, effort and care you put into your Evaluating the offer
work search, it can be tempting to leap at the
To decide how to respond to the offer, you need
first job you’re offered without negotiating salary,
to look at it in context. What are typical salaries,
benefits and other terms of employment.
working conditions, terms and benefits in your
With the exception of some entry-level positions industry and in your location? How does this
and jobs where you’re automatically placed on offer compare? To get a feel for what’s standard
a grid determined by education and experience, for a similar position in your area, check out the
many employers expect you to make a counter- following sources:
offer and negotiate terms.
• Visit alis.alberta.ca/occinfo for information on
To effectively negotiate a job offer, you need to more than 550 occupations, including duties,
• understand the offer working conditions, and wage and salary
ranges within different industry groups.
• evaluate the offer
• Talk to your network, especially people who
• make a counter-offer work in the same or a similar occupational area.
Once you do accept a job offer, you’ll also want to • Visit job search and recruiting agency websites
consider how best to or look at career ads in newspapers and other
• wrap up your current work search publications to check out salaries and other
terms offered for comparable positions.
• prepare for your next work search
• Ask your professional association, if applicable.
Next, analyze how you feel about the offer. Are

Understanding the offer you genuinely interested in the position or are you
To understand an offer, you need to see it in motivated by other concerns, such as conditions
writing. If the employer doesn’t provide a written in your current job or the length of time you’ve
version of the offer, ask for one. Or take careful been unemployed? What other opportunities
notes on the offer when it’s made to you verbally, are you considering and how strong are your
then describe it in detail in a letter or email to the prospects? Talk over the offer with your immediate
employer and ask for confirmation. family, trusted friends, a mentor or a professional
advisor.
Once you have the offer in writing, check it over to
make sure you understand the terms, including Finally, look at the offer from the employer’s point
of view. How quickly does the company want to fill
• the employer’s expectations (including hours
the position? How strong are your qualifications?
of work, shift work, overtime, travel, using your
Who else could they offer the position to?
own vehicle or other equipment)
If you feel that it’s acceptable, agree to the offer. If,
• salary and other benefits (including vacation,
however, you feel that you need or can legitimately
health and dental benefits)
ask for more, be prepared to make a counter-offer.
• any other conditions or terms (including
probationary periods, perks, employee wellness
programs)
If any details are unclear, discuss them with the

employer. Once you understand what you’re being
offered, the next step is to assess the offer in
context.

Making a counter-offer • Ask if there’s any flexibility in the offer. Suggest
some possible compromises. For example, if
Negotiating the terms of a job offer can be a
the position requires more travel than you prefer,
delicate process. Here are some suggestions on
would the employer be open to balancing this
making a counter-offer:
requirement with letting you work from home on
• Decide what you want and what you’ll a regular basis? If salary isn’t negotiable, would
accept. Think about how and where you can the employer consider increasing the amount of
compromise. holiday time available or other perks?
• Know why you’re worth the additional salary, • Be polite and professional. Approach the
benefits or perks you’re asking for. Know negotiation from a win-win perspective.
what’s standard for your industry and area. Be
If you reach a verbal agreement with the employer,
prepared to demonstrate the strength of your
ask for confirmation in writing.
qualifications.
If you decide not to accept the offer or the
• Write out and practise the terms of your
response to your counter-offer, let the employer
counter-offer. Practise statements like “This
know, then follow up with a letter thanking the
position looks exciting, and I have great respect
employer for the offer. This keeps your options
for the organization. I believe I have exactly
open for the future.
the kinds of skills and strengths you’re looking
for. However, the salary offer is less than what
I expected. I was thinking more in the range
between [indicate the salary range you want].”

Wrapping up your work search Preparing for your next
An interview and then a job offer—this is the final work search
result of an effective work search, one that every Your current transition is probably not your last;
job seeker looks forward to. After reading the chances are you’ll change jobs several times over
information and completing the exercises in this the course of your career.
publication, you know how much time and effort
it takes to get this far. When you have accepted a Ironic as it sounds, the day you’re hired is a
job offer, take the following steps: good time to start preparing for your next work
transition. Why? From day one at your new job,
• Send your current employer a letter of you’ll be learning skills, gaining experience and
resignation giving at least two weeks’ notice meeting new people. You’ll be developing yourself
(or whatever is required by your contract). Be and expanding your opportunities. If you begin
tactful, ask for a letter of recommendation and now to identify and nurture these opportunities
don’t burn any bridges! and keep track of these changes, you’ll be well
• Let your network and your references know prepared when you make your next transition.
your work search has been successful. Thank Use the following suggestions to get started:
them again for their help.
• Keep your resumé master up to date with new
• Withdraw any other applications or proposals information on your work experience, education
you may have made to other employers and let and accomplishments.
them know that you’ve accepted an offer.
• Maintain (or create) your portfolio.
• Stay in touch with the people who’ve helped

and supported you.
• Build relationships with people who will mentor

you.
• Take advantage of opportunities to develop and

grow. For example, take part in professional
development activities or volunteer for special
assignments.
• Stay current with changes in your field.

• Become a valuable asset to your employer and
your co-workers.
• Keep networking. Now that you’ve found work,

become a resource for others who are currently
looking for a job. Offer advice, information,
referrals or support.

Alberta Government resources
help Albertans make informed
career, learning and employment
decisions. You can access
information about training, finding
work and the labour market by
• visiting the alis.alberta.ca
• contacting the Alberta Career

Information Hotline
• visiting an Alberta Works/Alberta

Supports Centre
Resources

Alis Website Alberta Career
alis.alberta.ca Information Hotline
Alis is Alberta’s leading online source for Call the hotline for answers to your questions about
career, learning and employment services and • career planning
information. Here you’ll find the resources you
need for making the most of your future. • occupations
Learn the answers to work search questions • resumé review

and information on every stage of your work • labour market information
search, including
• work search skills
• looking for work
• the workplace
• networking
Phone: 1-800-661-3753 toll-free
• researching employers 780-422-4266 in Edmonton
• developing your resumé Email: hotline@alis.gov.ab.ca
Website: alis.alberta.ca/hotline
• completing online job applications
• preparing for the interview process

Alberta Works/
CAREERinsite is your guide to career planning.
Explore career options based on your values,
Alberta Supports Centres
skills, abilities and interests. Everything you Come in to one of the Alberta Works/Alberta
need to plan your work and learning is here at Supports Centres located throughout the
alis.alberta.ca/careerinsite. province to find information on occupations,
career options, work search and education
OCCinfo provides information on occupations
programs and funding. These centres have
and educational programs in schools in Alberta.
computers for Internet use and word processing,
Learn about Alberta’s employment outlook and
as well as phones and fax machines available to
advancement, and find information about job
help you with your work search. You can also talk
duties and working conditions, educational and
to a career and employment consultant. To locate
certification requirements, and wage and salary
an Alberta Works/Alberta Supports Centre near
ranges. Visit alis.alberta.ca/occinfo.
you, call the Career Information Hotline or visit
Watch occupational videos featuring real people alis.alberta.ca/awc.
working in real jobs. Learn what knowledge and
skills are required for different occupations by
visiting alis.alberta.ca/videos. Alberta Job Banks
Find a variety of career, education, and Opportunities for work exist in all kinds of
employment publications, available at industries, regions and professions. There are
alis.alberta.ca/publications. helpful links to the following job bank groupings:
• Alberta and regional job banks
• public service employer and industry job banks
• student job banks
To access these job banks, visit

alis.alberta.ca/job-banks.
For current job postings in Alberta, using search

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employment interviews
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• Target your work search

Catalogue item# 800001-Mar18

This publication is available to download or order at alis.alberta.ca/publications.

© 2002, 2007, 2008, 2014

02/2007 – 50M 03/2013 – 60M

Preparing for Your Work Search...........................................................................................................4

Recognizing your accomplishments..........................................................................................12

Understanding your workplace preferences......................................................................................17

Understanding the selection process.................................................................................................33

Crafting high-impact resumés..............................................................................................................34

Formatting your resumé........................................................................................................................54

Writing cover letters...............................................................................................................................58

© Government of Alberta Advanced Techniques for Work Search 1

Using other marketing tools..................................................................................................................62

Preparing for the Interview....................................................................................................................68

Knowing what to expect........................................................................................................................74

Learning from the process....................................................................................................................82

Strategies for Success............................................................................................................................84

Dealing with practical considerations.................................................................................................89

Handling a job offer................................................................................................................................91

2 Advanced Techniques for Work Search © Government of Alberta

© Government of Alberta Advanced Techniques for Work Search 3

• employability or transferable skills, which are the

© Government of Alberta Advanced Techniques for Work Search 5

write online help text for a interview subject matter experts

create, follow and research industry style standards

create and tailor information to the knowledge level of the audience

recruitment and selection write job ads for vacant positions

compensation and benefits gather industry-specific data on compensation levels

6 Advanced Techniques for Work Search © Government of Alberta

Exercise Employability skills

writing—using good questioning—deciding what stating opinions—saying

Analysis, problem solving and research

researching—locating the cost of products and developing and evaluating

© Government of Alberta Advanced Techniques for Work Search 7

identifying and suggesting coping with uncertainty— other _____________________

Leadership and management

coaching—providing one- making decisions—choosing other _____________________

providing feedback— chairing meetings—presiding

Planning and organization

determining priorities— planning—developing maintaining records of

8 Advanced Techniques for Work Search © Government of Alberta

negotiating—bargaining with giving credit where credit is using tact—being discreet

Reliability and responsibility

risking, when appropriate— being timely—completing other _____________________

© Government of Alberta Advanced Techniques for Work Search 9

• I mentor younger employees to help them develop the

10 Advanced Techniques for Work Search © Government of Alberta

My skills Who, what, when, where, why and how?

© Government of Alberta Advanced Techniques for Work Search 11

Prospective employers often base their Recognizing and describing your

• prepare for job interviews

• boost your confidence

Use the exercises in this section to help you

12 Advanced Techniques for Work Search © Government of Alberta

Read through the following examples Review the accomplishments you’ve

Saved my organization money, time or resources

Received recognition for perfect attendance

Exceeded performance goals

Served in a leadership or senior position, either short or long term

Simplified a procedure that made a job easier or more cost-effective

Helped develop, implement or maintain a new system