Detection of leukemia and its types using image

processing and machine learning

(Published in: 2017 International Conference on Trends in Electronics and Informatics (ICEI)

Date of Conference: 11-12 May 2017

Date Added to IEEE Xplore: 22 February 2018
ISBN Information:
INSPEC Accession Number: 17564157
DOI: 10.1109/ICOEI.2017.8300983
Publisher: IEEE
Conference Location: Tirunelveli, India)
Abstract:
Leukemia (blood cancer) begins in the bone marrow and causes the formation of a large
number of abnormal cells. The most common types of leukemia known are Acute
lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), Acute myeloid leukemia (AML), Chronic lymphocytic
leukemia (CLL) and Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). This thesis makes an effort to devise
a methodology for the detection of Leukemia using image processing techniques, thus
automating the detection process. The dataset used comprises of 220 blood smear images
of leukemic and non leukemic patients. The Image segmentation algorithms that have been
used are k means clustering algorithm, Marker controlled watershed algorithm and HSV
color based segmentation algorithm. The morphological components of normal and
Leukemic lymphocytes differ significantly; hence various features have been extracted from
the segmented lymphocyte images. The leukemia is further classified into its types and sub
types by making use of the SVM classifier, which is a Machine Learning classifier. This
thesis aims at detecting leukemia and determine whether it is AML, CML, CLL or ALL; thus
taking the classification process one step further in the field of research, because most of
the previous methods have been limited to the detection of leukemia or classifying it into
one or two subtypes.
Automatic detection of acute myeloid leukemia
from microscopic blood smear image
(Published in: 2017 International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communications and Informatics (ICACCI)

Date of Conference: 13-16 Sept. 2017

Date Added to IEEE Xplore: 04 December 2017
ISBN Information:
INSPEC Accession Number: 17397690
DOI: 10.1109/ICACCI.2017.8126106
Publisher: IEEE
Conference Location: Udupi, India)
Abstract:
Cancer of blood-forming tissues is called Leukemia. This disease hinders the body's ability
to fight infection. Leukemia can be categorized into many types. Acute Lymphoblastic
Leukemia (ALL) and Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) are the two main types. The blood
cells' growth and bone marrow are affected by AML. Collection of myeloid blasts in the bone
marrow is one of the main characteristics of AML. In this research, a novel method is
analyzed to detect the presence of AML. The paper proposes a technique that automatically
detects and segments the nucleus from white blood cells (WBCs) in the microscopic blood
smear images. Segmentation and clustering is done using a K-Means algorithm, while
classification is done using Support Vector Machine (SVM) with feature reduction.
Enhanced leukemia cancer classifier algorithm
(Published in: 2014 Science and Information Conference

Date of Conference: 27-29 Aug. 2014

Date Added to IEEE Xplore: 09 October 2014
ISBN Information:
INSPEC Accession Number: 14651032
DOI: 10.1109/SAI.2014.6918222
Publisher: IEEE
Conference Location: London, UK)
Abstract:
The development of data mining applications such as classification and clustering has
shown the need for machine learning algorithms to be applied to large scale data. Cancer
classification has improved over the past 20 years; there has been no general approach for
identifying new cancer classes or for assigning tumors to known classes (class prediction).
Most proposed cancer classification methods are from the statistical and machine learning
area, ranging from the old nearest neighbor analysis, to the new support vector machines.
There is no single classifier that is superior over the rest. A generic approach to cancer
classification based on gene expression monitoring by DNA microarrays is described and
applied to human acute leukemia as a test case. A class discovery procedure automatically
discovered the distinction between acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoblastic
leukemia (ALL) with previous knowledge of these classes. There are two main objectives of
this research, the first is to introduce the design and implementation of SMIG (Select Most
Informative Genes) Algorithm, and the second objective is to design and Implement
Enhanced Classification algorithm (ECA) system to enhance Leukemia cancer classification
using SMIG module and ranking procedure. The proposed approach and experiments
showed that after conducting the preprocessing and the classification using the proposed
ECA system it can be reached in 0.1 s time the accuracy of 98% which is better when
compared to previous techniques in previously published studies
A review to detect leukemia cancer in medical
images
(Published in: 2016 International Conference on Computing, Communication and
Automation (ICCCA)

Date of Conference: 29-30 April 2016

Date Added to IEEE Xplore: 16 January 2017
ISBN Information:
INSPEC Accession Number: 16598762
DOI: 10.1109/CCAA.2016.7813896
Publisher: IEEE
Conference Location: Noida, India)
Abstract:
Health informatics has been qualified as prominent province in the headway of information
technology. Ascribable to such a sophisticated evolution in the health care informatics, it is
viable at the present period of time to diagnose several ailments in a short span of time. In
relation to complaints, there is one disease dub leukemia which can be recognised by
manipulating different techniques of information technology. Leukemia customarily occurs
when a big portion of nonstandard White Blood Cells produced in the body by bone-marrow.
Hematologist makes usage of microscopic study of human blood-cells which leads towards
the requirement of several different methods that consist of microscopic-images,
segmentation process, grouping as well as classification that can allow proper identification
of numerous distinct patients that are having leukemia disease. The image data-set of
microscopic ridges would be inspected visually by using some hematologists as well as this
process is quite time consuming along with exhausting. The well-timed and fast discovery of
leukemia considerably aids in providingaptcure to the sick-patient. The necessity for
computerization of detection of this disease generally rises perpetually since modern
techniques that include proper manual-investigation of the tissues of the blood as primary
step in the direction of disease diagnosis. This procedure is relatively time-consuming,
along with their proper accurateness depend upon the proficiency of operator's. So,
prevention of leukemia is quite important. This paper has surveyed several methods utilized
by prior authors such as ANN (Artificial Neural Network), image processing, LDA (Linear
Dependent Analysis), SOM (Self Organizing Map) etc.
All-IDB: The acute lymphoblastic leukemia image
database for image processing
(Published in: 2011 18th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing

Date of Conference: 11-14 Sept. 2011

Date Added to IEEE Xplore: 29 December 2011
ISBN Information:
ISSN Information:
INSPEC Accession Number: 12504691
DOI: 10.1109/ICIP.2011.6115881
Publisher: IEEE
Conference Location: Brussels, Belgium)
Abstract:
The visual analysis of peripheral blood samples is an important test in the procedures for
the diagnosis of leukemia. Automated systems based on artificial vision methods can speed
up this operation and increase the accuracy and homogeneity of the response also in
telemedicine applications. Unfortunately, there are not available public image datasets to
test and compare such algorithms. In this paper, we propose a new public dataset of blood
samples, specifically designed for the evaluation and the comparison of algorithms for
segmentation and classification. For each image in the dataset, the classification of the cells
is given, as well as a specific set of figures of merits to fairly compare the performances of
different algorithms. This initiative aims to offer a new test tool to the image processing and
pattern matching communities, direct to stimulating new studies in this important field of
research
Detection of blood cancer in microscopic images of
human blood samples: A review
(Published in: 2016 International Conference on Electrical, Electronics, and Optimization
Techniques (ICEEOT)

Date of Conference: 3-5 March 2016

Date Added to IEEE Xplore: 24 November 2016
ISBN Information:
INSPEC Accession Number: 16487247
DOI: 10.1109/ICEEOT.2016.7754751
Publisher: IEEE
Conference Location: Chennai, India)
Abstract:
For the fast and cost effective production of patient diagnosis, various image processing
techniques or software has been developed to get desired information from medical images.
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) is a type of leukemia which is more common in
children. The term `Acute' means that leukemia can progress quickly and if not treated may
lead to fatal death within few months. Due to its non specific nature of the symptoms and
signs of ALL leads wrong diagnosis. Even hematologist finds it difficult to classify the
leukemia cells, there manual classification of blood cells is not only time consuming but also
inaccurate. Therefore, early identification of leukemia yields in providing the appropriate
treatment to the patient. As a solution to this problem the system propose individuates in the
blood image the leucocytes from the blood cells, and then it selects the lymphocyte cells. It
evaluates morphological index from those cells and finally it classifies the presence of
leukemia. In this paper a literature review is been conducted on various techniques used for
detecting cancer cells.
All-IDB: The acute lymphoblastic leukemia image
database for image processing
(Published in: 2011 18th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing

Date of Conference: 11-14 Sept. 2011

Date Added to IEEE Xplore: 29 December 2011
ISBN Information:
ISSN Information:
INSPEC Accession Number: 12504691
DOI: 10.1109/ICIP.2011.6115881
Publisher: IEEE
Conference Location: Brussels, Belgium)
Abstract:
The visual analysis of peripheral blood samples is an important test in the procedures for
the diagnosis of leukemia. Automated systems based on artificial vision methods can speed
up this operation and increase the accuracy and homogeneity of the response also in
telemedicine applications. Unfortunately, there are not available public image datasets to
test and compare such algorithms. In this paper, we propose a new public dataset of blood
samples, specifically designed for the evaluation and the comparison of algorithms for
segmentation and classification. For each image in the dataset, the classification of the cells
is given, as well as a specific set of figures of merits to fairly compare the performances of
different algorithms. This initiative aims to offer a new test tool to the image processing and
pattern matching communities, direct to stimulating new studies in this important field of
research.
Automated detection of white blood cells cancer
diseases
(Published in: 2018 First International Workshop on Deep and Representation Learning
(IWDRL)

Date of Conference: 29-29 March 2018

Date Added to IEEE Xplore: 14 May 2018
ISBN Information:
INSPEC Accession Number: 17754719
DOI: 10.1109/IWDRL.2018.8358214
Publisher: IEEE
Conference Location: Cairo, Egypt)
Abstract:
Automated diagnosis of white blood cells cancer diseases such as Leukemia and Myeloma
is a challenging biomedical research topic. Our approach presents for the first time a new
state of the art application that assists in diagnosing the white blood cells diseases. we
divide these diseases into two categories, each category includes similar symptoms
diseases that may confuse in diagnosing. Based on the doctor's selection, one of two
approaches is implemented. Each approach is applied on one of the two diseases category
by computing different features. Finally, Random Forest classifier is applied for final
decision. The proposed approach aims to early discovery of white blood cells cancer,
reduce the misdiagnosis cases in addition to improve the system learning methodology.
Moreover, allowing the experts only to have the final tuning on the result obtained from the
system. The proposed approach achieved an accuracy of 93% in the first category and 95%
in the second category.
A fuzzy based classifier for diagnosis of acute
lymphoblastic leukemia using blood smear image
processing
Published in: 2017 5th Iranian Joint Congress on Fuzzy and Intelligent Systems (CFIS)
Date of Conference: 7-9 March 2017
Date Added to IEEE Xplore: 18 August 2017
ISBN Information:
INSPEC Accession Number: 17097687
DOI: 10.1109/CFIS.2017.8003589
Publisher: IEEE
Conference Location: Qazvin, Iran
Abstract:
Leukemia is a kind of blood disorder and its early diagnosis plays an important role in
preventing the rapid progression of the disease. The main objective of the research is how
to use fuzzy concepts for deriving a proper classifier for diagnosis of this disorder in
microscopic image of a patient's peripheral blood smears. Analysis of blood image usually
results in early diagnosis of leukemia with lower costs. Furthermore, disease control and
monitoring are possible at later stages using blood images. The use of pictures for
diagnosis is less costly in terms of the equipment and material needed to detect the disease
in comparison with other methods in the field of Hematology. The aim of this study is to
identify characteristics of white blood cells and to detect the type of lymphoblasts using
morphology method for the diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. A set of 32 blood
smears are used in this project and decisions concerning subtype of acute lymphoblastic
leukemia are conducted based on the fuzzy system proposed in the paper. A degree of
accuracy of 93.75% reflects better high performance of the proposed classifier.
Interpretation of clinical endpoints in trials
of acute myeloid leukemia
Abstract
Treatment regimens for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) have remained largely
unchanged until recently. Molecular advances have opened the door to
targeted therapies, many of which are in late-phase clinical trials. As new
therapeutic opportunities arise, it is appropriate to review key aspects
of clinical trial design, statistical interpretation of outcomes, and methods of
data reporting. Complete remission and overall survival (OS) are common
primary endpoints in early-phase AML clinical trials. OS and event-free
survival are frequent primary endpoints in phase 3 trials. Clinical trials are
designed to address the primary endpoint using prespecified α and power
levels. Interpretation of additional endpoints (eg, secondary endpoints and
subgroup analyses) must be viewed in light of a trial’s statistical design.
Furthermore, variations in reporting of endpoints must be considered in order
to understand trial outcomes. Time-to-event endpoints are typically reported
using Kaplan-Meier curves, which are visually informative. Statistical data
derived from these curves can be complex, and a variety of factors may impact
interpretation. The purpose of this review is to discuss the nuances of common
AML trial endpoints and their data presentation to better inform evaluation
and understanding of clinical trial data.