Kinematics in One Dimension

G G G total distance
Displacement: Δx = x − x0 Average speed =
elapsed time
G G G G
G Δx x − x0 G Δx
Average velocity: vave = = Instantaneous velocity: v = lim
Δt t − t0 Δt →0 Δt

G G G G
G Δv v − v0 G Δv
Average acceleration: aave = = Instantaneous acceleration: a = lim
Δt t − t0 Δt →0 Δt

⇒ An object speeds up if the velocity and acceleration point in the same direction;
it slows down if the velocity and acceleration point in opposite directions

Equations of Constant Acceleration:

v = v0 + at
1
x − x0 = (v0 + v )t
2
1
x − x0 = v0t + at 2
2
v = v0 + 2a ( x − x0 )
2 2

freefall: gravity is the only force acting on an object (no air resistance)

Equations of Freefall:

v = v0 + at
1
y − y0 = ( v0 + v )t
2
1
y − y0 = v0t + at 2
2
v = v0 + 2a ( y − y0 )
2 2

Notes for Freefall:

⇒ a = 9.8 m/s2 downward or a = –9.8 m/s2 if up is defined as +

⇒ v = 0 m/s at the highest point

⇒ freefall motion is symmetric