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DEM - Simulation of Conveyor Transfer Chutes: Franz Kessler
DEM - Simulation of Conveyor Transfer Chutes: Franz Kessler
Chutes
Franz Kessler Conveyor transfer stations are critical parts within the conveyor track. The
O. University Professor material has to be guided from the oncoming conveyor to the following
University of Leoben transport system. This is realized by using tranfer chutes, which have to be
Department of Conveying Technology and
Design Methods designed in such a way that dust, noise and wear are minimized. One of the
main tasks of the chute design process is to avoid blockages where the flow
Michael Prenner is hindered or obstructed due to build up of material in the chute.
Assistant Professor The investigations leading to a proper chute design are carried out by
University of Leoben
Department of Conveying Technology and experimental tests in the laboratory, with the aid of computer simulation
Design Methods programs. The presentation shows every single step to reach the optimum
chute design for each application.
© Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Belgrade. All rights reserved FME Transactions (2009) 37, 185-192 185
concentration of material flow (small
cross-sectional area);
material speed should be constant inside
chute;
matching material flow at discharge point
airflow control inside chute;
• avoid spillage;
• minimization of material degradation;
o ex. small angle between material flow and
impact plate at impact point;
• load material on the centre of the discharge belt
at a uniform rate;
• load the material in the direction of belt travel
with same speed the belt is moving.
3. EXPERIMENTAL TESTS
Figure 8. Flow behaviour of all kinds of bulk material Bulk material container Chute wall material
The computer program is also able to calculate Figure 9. Experimental tests – friction coefficient between
forces, tensions, vectors of movement etc. In this paper bulk material and chute components
we do not look at these parts of calculation.
When designing a chute, all the aforementioned The container is filled with bulk material. It is
demands have to be taken into consideration to achieve possible to define the load on the material. The
the following goals. container moves in horizontal direction over the chute
Goal is an optimum material flow with plate material with adjustable speed. A load sensor
• constant speed; measures the horizontal force which is set into relation
• low impact; to the vertical force of the bulk material.
• low wear on chute lining and at discharge This leads to a coefficient of friction result that acts
location; as an input parameter for the simulation program. The
• low dust emission; parameter gets adjusted by several simulations until the
• low noise emission. simulation result matches with the experimental test.
The simulation has to look at following components: This procedure is necessary because the real material
• feeding conveyor; is replaced in the simulation program by spherical
• impact plates and liners; particles.
• rock box; Figure 10, shows a comparison between a laboratory
• dividing chute; test and the result of a simulation program. From the
Figure 23. Improvement of a chute with rock box to eliminate functional problems and wear: (a) before improvement and (b)
after improvement
In Figure 23a, a first design can be seen, where the calibration of the modelling software. It is crucial that
material creates an unnecessarily large material build-up. these laboratory tests be undertaken for every bulk
Due to this material build-up wear is transferred material and chute system in isolation so as to avoid
from the upper part of the chute to the lower part. Also, problems after the installation of a designed system.
the material flow is eccentric as well as not being Presently the experimental testing procedures
concentrated in a uniform stream. As the impact is not undertaken to obtain values for these parameters are not
centred on the discharge belt, the result is the fully independent.
problematic misalignment of the belt. It is the focus of current efforts to develop
The re-design of the rock box (Fig. 23b) leads to a standardized measurement techniques, where all the
smaller material build up, as well as compact and even parameters can be measured independently of each
material flow and therefore a centred belt loading. other. There still remains a large amount of research
Chute discharge sections not designed specifically work necessary to achieve this goal.
and exactly according to the requirements of a system are As long as the parameters can not be measured
consistently the reason for misalignment of the discharge independently, some of the parameters must be
belt, which in turn creates big problems during operation. estimated, which can lead to results not approaching the
reality. This is undesirable.
5. CONCLUSION Nevertheless, a good way to get results that
approach reality are the comparison studies between
Transfer stations between belt conveyors are commonly laboratory tests and computer simulations like the
occurring throughout industry. They are components of examples presented here in section three of the paper.
conveyor systems where problems such as noise and Taking this approach, the accurate calibration of the
dust emissions, wear and plugging can easily occur. The modelling software is possible and results are
designing engineer must take these factors into significant and meaningful.
consideration and adopt designs to avoid these problems In the near future, it is anticipated that standardized
occurring in field operations. Repairs later in the methods for parameter investigations will be available.
stockyard or onsite are very expensive and sometimes Combined with test simulations all unnecessary risk in
even impossible. chute design and simulations will be eliminated.
In earlier days the chute design was based in most The results of the presented chute simulations and
cases on rule of thumb or on the experience of the optimizations are meanwhile confirmed by the trouble-
designing engineer. Nowadays, computer simulation free operation of constructed installations which are
programs are used and assist the designer in creating an already in operation for a period of several years.
optimum transfer chute which guarantees a safe and
trouble free operation. REFERENCES
Simulation programs like the hereby adopted DE –
Programs of DEMsolutions and Hustrulid Technologies, [1] Nordell, L.K.: Palabora installs curved transfer chute
Inc. allow the design and commissioning of entire chute in hard rock to minimize belt cover wear, Bulk
systems on the computer prior to installation. Solids Handling, Vol. 14, No. 4, pp. 739-743, 1994.
The most significant influence of a useful simulation [2] Zhao, D., Nezami, E.G. and Hashash Y.: Three-
result is the exact knowledge of the input parameters. dimensional discrete element simulation for
Investigations and tests in the laboratory are essential to granular materials, Engineering Computations, Vol.
get the right input parameters, allowing for accurate 23, No. 7, pp. 749-770, 2006.