Automated Web

Testing with
SELENIUM

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1. History of Selenium
• In 2004 invented by Jason R. Huggins and team.

• Original name is JavaScript Functional Tester [JSFT]

• Open source browser based integration test framework built originally by Thoughtworks.

• 100% JavaScript and HTML

• Web testing tool

• That supports testing Web 2.0 applications

• Supports for Cross-Browser Testing(ON Multiple Browsers)

• And multiple Operating Systems

• Cross browser – IE 6/7, Firefox .8+, Opera, Safari 2.0+

2. What is Selenium?
• Acceptance Testing tool for web-apps

• Tests run directly in browser

• Selenium can be deployed on Windows, Linux, and Macintosh.

• Implemented entirely using browser technologies -

 JavaScript

 DHTML

 Frames

3. Selenium Components
– Selenium IDE

– Selenium Core

– Selenium RC

– Selenium Grid

3.1 Selenium IDE

• The Selenium-IDE (Integrated Development Environment) is the tool you use to develop
your Selenium test cases.

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 • It is Firefox plug-in
• Firefox extension which allows record/play testing paradigm
• Automates commands, but asserts must be entered by hand
• Creates the simplest possible Locator
• Based on Selenese
3.1.1 Overview of Selenium IDE:
A. Test Case Pane
B. Toolbar
C. Menu Bar
D. Log/Reference/UI-Element/Rollup Pane

A. Test Case Pane:

 Your script is displayed in the test case pane.
 It has two tabs.
 one for displaying the command (source)
 and their parameters in a readable “table” format.

B. Toolbar: The toolbar contains buttons for controlling the execution of your test cases,
including a step feature for

C. Menu Bar:
 File Menu: The File menu allows you to create, open and save test case and test
suite files.
 Edit Menu: The Edit menu allows copy, paste, delete, undo and select all operations
for editing the commands in your test case.
 Options Menu: The Options menu allows the changing of settings. You can set the
timeout value for certain commands, add user-defined user extensions to the base
set of Selenium commands, and specify the format (language) used when saving
your test cases.

D. Help Menu:

3.1.2 Recording and Run settings

When Selenium-IDE is first opened, the record button is ON by default.
During recording, Selenium-IDE will automatically insert commands into your test case based
on your actions.

a. Remember Base URL MODE - Using Base URL to Run Test Cases in Different Domains

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 b. Record Absolute recording mode – Run Test Cases in Particular Domain.

3.1.3 Running Test Cases

Run a Test Case Click the Run button to run the currently displayed test case.

Run a Test Suite Click the Run All button to run all the test cases in the currently loaded test
suite.

Stop and Start The Pause button can be used to stop the test case while it is running. The icon
of this button then changes to indicate the Resume button. To continue click Resume.

Stop in the Middle You can set a breakpoint in the test case to cause it to stop on a particular
command. This is useful for debugging your test case. To set a breakpoint, select a command,
right-click, and from the context menu select Toggle Breakpoint.

Start from the Middle You can tell the IDE to begin running from a specific command in the
middle of the test case. This also is used for debugging. To set a startpoint, select a command,
right-click, and from the context menu select Set/Clear Start Point.

Run Any Single Command Double-click any single command to run it by itself. This is useful
when writing a single command. It lets you immediately test a command you are constructing,
when you are not sure if it is correct. You can double-click it to see if it runs correctly. This is also
available from the context menu.

Exercises:

TC’S #1: Manual Steps:

• Open (Example : Type www.google.com)

• Type “energy efficient” in the Google Search Input Box
• Click outside on an empty spot
• Click Search Button
• Verify the Text Present as “energy efficient”
• Assert the Title as “energy efficient - Google Search”
• Save the test case with .HTML Extension.

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Program:

Script Syntax:

<table>
<tr><td>open</td><td></td><td>/download/</td></tr>
<tr><td>assertTitle</td><td></td><td>Downloads</td></tr>
<tr><td>verifyText</td><td>//h2</td><td>Downloads</td></tr>
</table>

3.1.4 Introducing Selenium Commands

The command set is often called selenese. Selenium commands come in three “flavors”:
Actions, Accessory and Assertions.

a. Actions: user actions on application / Command the browser to do something.

Actions are commands that generally manipulate the state of the application.
1. Click link- click / Clickandwait
2. Selecting items

b. Accessors: Accessors examine the state of the application and store the results in
variables, e.g. "storeTitle".

c. Assertions: For validating the application we are using Assertions

1. For verifying the web pages

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 2. For verifying the text

3. For verifying alerts

Assertions can be used in 3 modes:

 assert

 verify

 waitFor

Example: "assertText","verifyText" and "waitForText".

NOTE:

1. When an "assert" fails, the test is aborted.

2. When a "verify" fails, the test will continue execution

3. "waitFor" commands wait for some condition to become true

Commonly Used Selenium Commands

These are probably the most commonly used commands for building test.

open - opens a page using a URL.

click/clickAndWait - performs a click operation, and optionally waits for a new page to load.

verifyTitle/assertTitle - verifies an expected page title.

verifyTextPresent- verifies expected text is somewhere on the page.

verifyElementPresent -verifies an expected UI element, as defined by its HTML tag, is present

on the page.

verifyText - verifies expected text and it’s corresponding HTML tag are present on the page.

verifyTable - verifies a table’s expected contents.

waitForPageToLoad -pauses execution until an expected new page loads. Called

automatically when clickAndWait is used.

waitForElementPresent -pauses execution until an expected UI element, as defined by its

HTML tag, is present on the page.

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TC#2:

1: Open Firefox Web Browser

2: In the address bar, Type http://www.yahoo.com

3: In the search input button, Type "energy efficient"

4: Click on the "Web Search" submit button

5: Wait for Search Results to come on "http:/search.yahoo.com"

6: Verify "energy efficient" text is present anywhere in the search results: (Select and

highlight anywhere in the search results page, "energy efficient" text is present.)

7: Verify the browsers title has the value "energy efficient - Yahoo! Search Results"

8. End.

TC’S #3:

• File à New Test Case (Make Selenium IDE in Record Mode)

• Open http://www.ge.com

• Go all the way down, click on the “Contact Information” link

• Click on “Feedback & Inquiries” link

– Consumer/Other (Leave the default option)

– Select a Subject (Other)

– Select a Country (U.A.E)

– Email (type xxx@yyyy.com)

– Comments or Questions (type Just testing)

– Submit (click once)

• In the result page, highlight “Thank you for taking the time to contact GE”

• Right Click and Select waitForTextPresent “Thank you for taking the time to contact GE”

• Highlight “Feel free to continue browsing.”

• Right Click and Select VerifyTextPresent “Feel free to continue browsing.”

• Right Click on “GE.com Home Page” link and Select verifyElementPresent “link=GE.com
Home Page”

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3.1.5 Test Suite:
A test suite is a collection of tests. Often one will run all the tests in a test suite as one
continuous batch-job.
When using Selenium-IDE, test suites also can be defined using a simple HTML file. The syntax
again is simple. An HTML table defines a list of tests where each row defines the filesystem path
to each test.

Steps for creating test suite:

1. Create more Tc’s save each Test Case with <.html> extension.

2. Open Firefox

3. Open Tools à Selenium IDE

4. File à Open à new Test Suite

5. File à Open à Add Test cases

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6. Add more test cases

7. Save Suite with <.Html> extensions.

Test Suite Syntax:

<html>
<head>
<title>Test Suite Function Tests - Priority 1</title>
</head>
<body>
<table>
<tr><td><b>Suite Of Tests</b></td></tr>
<tr><td><a href= "./Login.html" >Login</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><a href= "./SearchValues.html" >Test Searching for Values</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><a href= "./SaveValues.html" >Test Save</a></td></tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>

A file similar to this would allow running the tests all at once, one after another, from the
Selenium-IDE.

Edit Selenium Test Suite

• If you have only one “test case” in your test suite, Open the “GE_TS1.html” in NotePad.

• Add a line of code before the end of </tbody> tag

<tr><td><a href="GE_TC2.html">GE Test Case 2</a></td></tr>

• File → Save then Exit.

• Now you can double click and see the entire test suite in your browser.

• You can Edit the Test Suite in notepad when you want to

Change the name of the test cases

Add, Remove, and Rename test cases

Arrange order of test cases.

Useful Selenium FireFox Add-ONS:

• Chris Pederick's Web Developer toolbar
• XPather
• Firebug
• Xpath Checker
• Regular Expressions Tester
• JavaScript Debugger
• Web Developer

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 • HTML Validator
• ColorZilla
• DOM Inspector

3.1.6 User Extensions

User extensions are JavaScript files that allow one to create our own customizations and
features to add additional functionality.
There are a number of useful extensions created by users.
Perhaps the most popular of all Selenium-IDE extensions is one which provides flow control in
the form of while loops and primitive conditionals. This extension is the goto_sel_ide.js.
Steps:
1. Download goto_sel_ide.js file.
2. Save into selenium core extensions folder
3. Selenium-IDE’s Options=>Options=>General tab
4. Browse extension file

5. Click on OK Button
6. Restart selenium and fire fox.

3.1.7 Format:
Format #: CSV Format

1. Go to ToolsàSelenium IDE àOptionsà Format Tabà Press the add button

2. Provide the name of format as “CSV Format”
3. Open this Link http://wiki.openqa.org/display/SIDE/Adding+Custom+Format
4. Copy “The complete script” From that page
5. Paste the JavaScript contents in Selenium IDE Format Source window
6. Press the “OK” button

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7. Under the Separator Option, select “Comma” and Press “Ok” button
Now we have created two new formats:

1. Comma Separated Values (CSV)

2. Tab Delimited Values (TDV)

Ex#1: Test case with New Format.

1. Open any of the existing test cases you have stored by going to

File à Open à GE Test Case1.html

2. Go to Format à Select CSV Format from the available options

3. Save by going File à Save Test Case As option, GE Test Case1.csv
4. Open the GE Test Case1.csv in Excel Application
5. With little formatting, you can look at your test cases in a nice formatted way in Excel
Sheet.
6. You can able to send your test cases to the Business Users easily through excel sheet.

3.1.8. Selenium Commands

A. Verifying Page Elements:

Verifying UI elements on a web page is probably the most common feature of your automated
tests. Selenese allows multiple ways of checking for UI elements.
Ex:
1. an element is present somewhere on the page?
2. specific text is somewhere on the page?
3. specific text is at a specific location on the page? To verify these UI elements.

We are using Assertion or Verification.

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verifyTextPresent

The command verifyTextPresent is used to verify specific text exists somewhere on the page.

VerifyElementPresent

Use this command when you must test for the presence of a specific UI element, rather then its
content.

verifyElementPresent can be used to check the existence of any HTML tag within the page. You
can check the existence of links, paragraphs, divisions <div>, etc. Here are a few more
examples.

VerifyText

Use verifyText when both the text and its UI element must be tested. verifyText must use a
locator. If you choose an XPath or DOM locator, you can verify that specific text appears at a
specific
location on the page relative to other UI components on the page.

B. Locating Elements
1. For many Selenium commands, a target is required.
2.This target identifies an element in the content of the web application, and consists of the
location strategy followed by the location in the format locatorType=location.

Locating by Identifier : your page source could have id and name attributes as follows:
1 <html>
2 <body>
3 <form id= "loginForm" >
4 <input name= "username" type= "text" />
5 <input name= "password" type= "password" />
6 <input name= "continue" type= "submit" value= "Login" />
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7 </form>
8 </body>
9 <html>

The following locator strategies would return the elements from the HTML snippet above
indicated by
line number:
• identifier=loginForm (3)
• identifier=username (4)
• identifier=continue (5)
• continue (5)
Since the identifier type of locator is the default, the identifier= in the first three examples
above is not necessary.

Locating by Id

This type of locator is more limited than the identifier locator type, but also more explicit. Use
this when you know an element’s id attribute.

1 <html>
2 <body>
3 <form id= "loginForm" >
4 <input name= "username" type= "text" />
5 <input name= "password" type= "password" />
6 <input name= "continue" type= "submit" value= "Login" />
7 <input name= "continue" type= "button" value= "Clear" />
8 </form>
9 </body>
10 <html>

id= loginForm (3)

Locating by Name

The name locator type will locate the first element

The name locator type will locate the first element with a matching name attribute. If multiple
elements
have the same value for a name attribute, then you can use filters to further refine your location
strategy.
The default filter type is value (matching the value attribute).
1 <html>

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2 <body>
3 <form id= "loginForm" >
4 <input name= "username" type= "text" />
5 <input name= "password" type= "password" />
6 <input name= "continue" type= "submit" value= "Login" />
7 <input name= "continue" type= "button" value= "Clear" />
8 </form>
9 </body>
10 <html>

• name=username (4)
• name=continue value=Clear (7)
• name=continue Clear (7)
• name=continue type=button (7

C. Locating Hyperlinks by Link Text

This is a simple method of locating a hyperlink in your web page by using the text of the link. If
two
links with the same text are present, then the first match will be used.
1 <html>
2 <body>
3 <p>Are you sure you want to do this?</p>
4 <a href= "continue.html" >Continue</a>
5 <a href= "cancel.html" >Cancel</a>
6 </body>
7 <html>

• link=Continue (4)
• link=Cancel (5)

Locating by DOM
The Document Object Model represents an HTML document and can be accessed using
JavaScript. This location strategy takes JavaScript that evaluates to an element on the page,
which can be simply the element’s location using the hierarchical dotted notation.
Since only dom locators start with “document”, it is not necessary to include the dom= label
when specifying a DOM locator.
1 <html>
2 <body>
3 <form id= "loginForm" >
4 <input name= "username" type= "text" />
5 <input name= "password" type= "password" />
6 <input name= "continue" type= "submit" value= "Login" />
7 <input name= "continue" type= "button" value= "Clear" />
8 </form>
9 </body>
10 <html>

• dom=document.getElementById(’loginForm’) (3)
• dom=document.forms[’loginForm’] (3)

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• dom=document.forms[0] (3)
• document.forms[0].username (4)
• document.forms[0].elements[’username’] (4)
• document.forms[0].elements[0] (4)
• document.forms[0].elements[3] (7)

Regular Expression Patterns

The “AndWait” Commands – clickAndWait

Store Commands and Selenium Variables

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You can use Selenium variables to store constants at the beginning of a script

Example Test Case:

storeElementPresent
This corresponds to verifyElementPresent. It simply stores a boolean value–“true” or “false”–
depending on whether the UI element is found.

storeText
StoreText corresponds to verifyText. It uses a locater to identify specific page text. The text, if
found, is stored in the variable. StoreText can be used to extract text from the page being
tested.

storeEval
StoreEval allows the test to store the result of running the script in a variable.

3.1.9. JavaScript and Selenese Parameters

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All variables created in your test case are stored in a JavaScript associative array. An
associative array has string indexes rather than sequential numeric indexes. The associative
array containing your test case’s variables is named storedVars. Whenever you wish to access
or manipulate a variable within a JavaScript snippet, you must refer to it as stored-
Vars[’yourVariableName’].

3.1.9.1. JavaScript Usage with Script Parameters

Several Selenese commands specify a script parameter including assertEval, verifyEval,
storeEval, and waitForEval. These parameters require no special syntax. A Selenium-IDE user
would simply place a snippet of JavaScript code into the appropriate field, normally the Target
field (because a script parameter is normally the first or only parameter).

This next example illustrates how a JavaScript snippet can include calls to methods, in this case
the JavaScript String object’s toUpperCase method and toLowerCase method.

3.1.9.2. JavaScript Usage with Non-Script Parameters

JavaScript can also be used to help generate values for parameters, even when the parameter
is not specified to be of type script. However, in this case, special syntax is required–the
JavaScript snippet must be enclosed inside curly braces and preceded by the label javascript,
as in javascript {*yourCodeHere*}. Below is an example in which the type command’s second
parameter value is generated via JavaScript code using this special syntax:

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JavaScript Evaluation

1. You can use any of the following Eval commands

 assertEval, assertNotEval, VerifyEval, verifyNotEval, waitForEval,

waitForNotEval, storeEval

2. You can use any of the following Expression commands

 assertExpression, assertNotExpression,verifyExpression, verifyNotExpression,

waitForExpression, waitForNotExpression, storeExpression, store and
WaitForCondition

3.1.9.3. echo - The Selenese Print Command

Selenese has a simple command that allows you to print text to your test’s output.

Exercises:

TC#4:

• Open a specific URL (http://www.barnesandnoble.com/)

• Search for a specific text (“Javascript”) in #1 page
• Sort by “Prizev”
• How do you check “Online Price: $$$” is in sorted order?
• In this case I have decided to check the first two Amounts displayed on that page are in
the ascending order.
• The first value is A, the second value is B
• If A <= B then we assume the first two listed prices are in ascending order.
• Now get the third value C
• If B <= C then we assume that A, B and C are in ascending order. (i.e., A <= B <=C )

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Page 19 of 69
AlertPresent

• verifyAlertPresent()

– The best way to check the alerts are using this command
– This command never throws an exception
• Returns:

– True or False.
• Other AlertPresent Commands are:

– storeAlertPresent ( seleniumVariableName )
– assertAlertPresent ( )
– assertAlertNotPresent ( )
– verifyAlertNotPresent ( )
– waitForAlertPresent ( )
– waitForAlertNotPresent ( )
Ex1:

Ex 2:

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goBack:

• goBack and goBackAndWait are the two commands simulates a user clicking on the
“back” button of the browser.
• Download the SelectAWebSite.html under Exercises.
• Record the test as listed below:
– Select Google, after going to Google assertTitle then go back
– Select Portnov, after going to PortNov assertTitle then go back
– Select Microsoft, after going to MicroSoft assertTitle then go back
– Select Yahoo, after going to MicroSoft assertTitle then go back

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 –

waitForPopup

• waitForPopUp ( windowID,timeout ) and selectWindow ( windowID ) are the two

commands allows you to test the Popup Windows.

• selectWindow selects a specific Popup, use null to select Parent window.

• Download Ex1.html to Ex3.html under wait for Popup, Open CreatePopUps.html in

Firefox browser.

• Record the test as listed below:

– Click Create Windows button

– Select win1, click the button “Click and get the Welcome Message”, minimize
win1

– Select win3, select any option, press “Submit” button

Go back to the parent window, press “close button”

Ex:

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3.1.10. Java Script
What is the use of java script?

1. Java script can be used by for printing some dynamic html contents
2. For validating the forms in the web page
3. Ajax - CE is advanced one for java script.

Print:- document. write

We can use java script in 3 modes in html

 In <HEAD> tag
 In <body> tag
 And external key

External java script;- (java script with in the page)

Script.js(file name)

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document.write(“JS from script.js page<br>”);

Ex:-

<html>
<head>
<script src=’script.js’ type=’text/javascript’ language=”javascript”>
</script>
</head>
</html>
Variables:-

Ex:- a=10;
document.write(a);
Ex;- a=10;
document.write(a);
a=’’java script”; /*modifying variable */
document.write(a);
Comment lines - Two types

// -> single line comment

/* multiline comments */

Detecting errors in JavaScript (fire fox);-

 In fire fox browser

 Go to tools
 Select error console.

Data types:-

In JScript, there are three primary data types, two composite data types, and two
special data types.

The primary (primitive) data types are:

 String
 Number

 Boolean

-> Boolean (true/false)

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 ->Typeof(exp):- it wise display exp type

Ex:- a=true;
document. write (Typeof(a));
Out put
Boolean.
Ex :- n=12;
document.write(typeof(a));
Out put:- number datatype
1. Number
n=12;
document.write(n);
Ex:- n=12.5;

document.write(n); Output;- 12.5

parseInt:-
Ex;- n=12.5;

document.write(parseint(n));

Output:- 12

Ex 2:- n=’12 tonnes’

document.write(parseInt(n));

Output:- 12

Concatenation:
Ex 3:- document.write(‘parseint(“12cows”)’);

document.write(‘=’);

document.write(parseInt(“12 cows”);

document.write(“<br>”);

Syntax:- document.write(‘parseInt(“12cows’)=’+parseInt(‘12cows”))+(“<BR.”);

ParseFloat:-
Ex 1:- f=”12.5 tonnes”

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 Document.write(parseFloat(f));

Output;- 12.5

Ex2:- document.write(‘parseFloat(“12.5 tonnes”)=’+parseFloat(“12.5 tonnes’));

Ex3:- img=’<img src=”chicken.JPEG”>’;

Document.write(img);

Ex 4:- for string concatenation:-

a=”welcome to NageshQTP”
b=”online training”
c=a+b; c=a+’ ‘+b;
document.write(c);

Operators: Unary – single operand

Binary- two operand

Territory-three operand

 Assignment operators: (=,+=,-=,*=,/=,%=)

 Arthemetic operators: (+,-,*,/,%)
 Relational operators: (<,>,<=,>=)
 Comparision operators: (==,===,!=,!==)
 Iteration operators: (++,--)
 Logical operators: (&&,||,1)
 Conditional operators: (?:)
(or)
Ternary operators
 String Concatination: +

Iteration operators:-
Pre increment:- (++x)

X=10;

Y=++x;

Output= starts from 11, 12,

Post increment:- (x++)

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 X=10;

Y=x++;

Output= starts from 10, 11,

Ex:- (post increment)

X=10;

document.write(‘x=’+(x)+’<br>’); Output : x=10

document.write(‘x=’+(x++)+’<br>’); Output :x++=10

document.write(‘x=’+(x)+’<br>’);//x=11

Ex:- (pre increment)

X=10;

D.W(‘x+’+(x)+’<br>’; x=10

D.W(“x=’+(++x)+’<br>’); x=11

D.W(‘x=’ +(x)+’<br>’); x=11

-> Pre decrementation:-

X=10

d.w(‘x=’+(--x)+’<br>’); x=9

-> post decrementation:-

X=10

d.w(‘x=’+(x)+’<br>’); x=10

d.w(‘x--=’+(x--)+’<br>’); x=10

d.w(‘x=’+(x)+’<br>’); x=9

Logical operators:-

x y X&&y X||y

t t t t

t f f t

f t f t

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f f f f

Ex:- d.w(“true&&false=”+(true&&false)+’<br>’); =false

d.w(“true|| false=”+(true||false)+’<br>’); =true

Conditional operators:-

Conditional operators is used for determining execution of statement based on the

condition

Syntax:- (condition)? “true Black”:”False Black”;

Ex:- x=9;

Type=(x%2==0)?”Even”:”odd”;

Control structure:-
Control structures is divided into two ways

1. Conditional Based

2. Loop Based

1. Conditional based :-

1. IF,
2. IF –else
3. IF-else IF ladder
4. Nested if and
5. Switch cases

IF:-

If(condition)
{
code
}
Ex:- var d=newData()
Var time=d.getHours()
If(time<10)
{
Document.write(“<b> Good Morning</b>”);
IF-else:-

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Syntax:-

If(condition)
{
Code
}
Else
{
Code
}
Ex:-
Age=15;
If(Age<=10)
{
d.w(“Boy”);
} else
{
d.w(“young”);
}
If-else IF Ladder:-
f(condition)
{ Code; }
Else if(con 2)
{ code; }
Else if(con 3)
{ Code; }
…………..n;
Ex:-

Perc=60;
If(perc>=70){ grade=”A”;}
else if(perc>=60){grade =”B”;}
else if(perc>=50){grade=’c’;}
Nested IF:-

If(condition1)
{
If(condition2)
{
Code;
}
else
{ Code; }
}
Ex:-
A=12;
B=13;
If(a>=b)
{
If(a>b)
{

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 d.w(“A is greater<br>”);
}
else
{
d.w(“A and B are Equal<br>”);
}
}
else{
d.w(“A is less”);
}

Switch:-

Switch(expression)
{
Case ‘value’:
Code;
Break;
Case ‘val2’:
Code;
Break;
Default:
Code;
Break;
}
Ex:-
Dya=3;
Switch(day){
Case 1:
d.w(“Monday <br>”);
break;
case 2:
d.w(“Tuesday <br>”);
break:
.
.
.
Case 7:
d.w(“Sunday <br>”);
break;
default:
d.w(“Enter valid number<br>”);break;
}

Arrays:-
 Array is a collection of similar elements
 Syntax for creating the array is
<var name>=new Array (value 1,value 2,…value n);
Ex:- users=new Array(‘sree’,siva’,’mahe’);

Page 30 of 69
To get length of array:-
users.length: 3(//maximum numerical index +1)
users[0];//sree
users[1];//siva

we can replace value of array

users[1]=”ram”;
we can add one more field to the array
users[3]=”rama”;

To get array count

users[users.length]=’mary’; [Appending].

Ex:-
Tags=new Array(‘barbie’,’Teddy’,’mickey’,’donald’);
d.w(‘toys.length=’+toys.length+’<br>);//4
d.w[‘toys[2]=’’+toys [2]+’<br>’);//mickey
d.w[‘toys=’+toys+’<br>’);//B,T,M,D.
toys[3]+=’Duck’;
d.w(‘toys=’+toys+’<br>’);// B,T,M,D,D
toys[toys.length]=’Newtoy’;
d.w(‘toys=’+toys+’<br’>);//B,T,M,D,D,N

Multidimentional arrays:-
Ex:- a=new Array(2,4);
B=new Array(6,8);
Multi=new Array(a,b);
B=new Array(‘1’,’name’));
d.w(‘multi[0][0]=’tmulti[0][1]+’<br>’);

Loops:-
 While

While(condition)
{
Code
}

Ex:1
i=1;
while(i<=3)
{
d.w(i);
i++;
}
Ex:-2
Mon=new Array (‘jan’,’feb’,’mar’,..’dec’);
m=0;
While(m<mon.length)

Page 31 of 69
 {
d.w(‘month name=’+mon[m]+’<br>’);
mi++;
}
Do-while:-
Do
{
Code;
}while(condition)
Ex:-
i=0
Do
{
d.w(i);
i++;
}while(i<=5);

For:-
For(initialization,condition,incrementation)
{
Code
}
Ex:1-
For(i=1;i<=3;i++)
{
d.w(i);
}
Ex:-2
Mon=new Array(‘jan’,’feb’,’mar’,…’dec’);
For(i=0;i<mon.length:i++)
{
d.w(mon[i]+’<br>’);
}
For-in:-
Syntax:-
For(index in arreg-nmae)
{
Array-name[index]
}
Ex:-
x=new Array(11,31,94);
For(i in x)
{
d.w(i+’=’+x[i]+’<br>’);
}

Functions:-
TYPE Arg Return
I * *
II yes *

Page 32 of 69
III * yes
IV yes yes

Two types of functions

1. User defined functions

2. Built in functions
User defined functions:-
 A user define function is re-usable block of code.
 Functions can be classified into fur types, based on arguments and values.

Type 1:-
Syntax:- function function name()
{
Code;
[return<value>;]
}
Ex:- for type 1
Function welcome()
{
document.write(“welcome to the site%”);
}
Welcome();
X=welcome();//user define
Document write(‘x=’+x+’,<br>’);

For Type 2 category:-

Function bold(text)
{
document.write(‘<b>’+text+”<br>”);
ex:- for type 2
function welcome(user)
{
Document.write(“welcome”+user+”<br>”);
}
Welcome(“sree”);

Type 3-functions:-
Function x()
{
return
9;
}
P=x();
Ex:- function x()
{
d.w(“first value is’);
return 9;
d.w(“last value is’);
calling function:-
a=x();

Page 33 of 69
d.w(‘a=’+a+’<br>’);
output:- first+val is a=9;

Type 4:- function with arguments and return values

Function square(x)
{
Return(x*x);
}
d.w(suqre(2));//4
d.w(square(suqre(2));//16
Built in methods:-
 Date:-
D=new Date();
d.getDate();//1-11
d.getDay();//0-6
d.getMonth();//0-11
d.getYear();
d.getFullyear;//2009
d.getHours();//0-23
d.getMinutes();//0-59
d.getSeconds();//0-59
Ex:- for Built-in
Function p(text);
{
Document.write(text+’<br>’);
}
d=new Date();
P(‘d+’+d);
P(‘d.getdate()=’+d.getDate());
P(‘d.getday()=’+d.getday());
……………
 Math:-
Math;max(12,14);//14
Math;min(12,14);//12
Ex:-
Function p(text)
{
d.w(text+’<br>’);
}
//math.max(num1,num2);-> num
P(‘math.max(12,14)=’+Math.max(12,14));
//Math.min(num1,num2);->num
P(‘math.min(12,14)=’+Math.min(12,14));
//math.floor(num);->Lower limitation integer value
P(‘math.floor(12.94)=’+Math.floor(12.94));//12
//math.ceil(num);->upper limitation integer value
P(‘math.ceil(12.14)=’+Math.ceil(12.14));//13
//math.round(num)-> if >=.5 ceil,<.5 floor
P(‘math.round(12.14)=’+Math.round(12.14));
P(‘math.round(12.14)=’+Math.round(12.54));
//math.random()->0 and 1

Page 34 of 69
P(‘math.random()=’+math.random());
String methods:-
Function p(text)
{
Document.write(text+’<br>’);
}
Str=’javascript’;
P(‘str=’+str);
P(‘length=’+str.length());
P(‘upper=’+str.touppercase());
P(‘lower=’+str.tolowercase());
P(‘str.substr=’+str.substr(4));
P(‘str.substr(4,2)=’+str.substr(4,2));
Replace of search string replacement(Replace)
P(‘str.replace(“ a”,”_”)=’+str.replace(“a”,”_”);
p(‘str.replace(“ a”,”_”)=’+str.replace(“A”,”_”);

Regular Expression:-

Function reg(expr,str)
{
R=new RegExp(expr);
Return r.test(str);
}
P(‘reg(“b”,”abc”)=’+reg(“b”+”abc”));
 ^ mathches to beginning of the string(if you want to verify starting,letter in whole
stirng,we can use ca(^))
Ex:- P(‘reg(“^b”,”abc”)=’+reg(“^b”+”_abc”));
Output:- false
P(‘reg(“^a”,”abc”)=’+reg(“^a”+”_abc”));
Output:- True
 $ mathches to end of stirng(if you want to verify ending character in whole string,we can
use $)
Ex:- P(‘reg(“a$”,”abc”)=’+reg(“a$”+”abc”));
Output:- false
P(‘reg(“c$”,”abc”)=’+reg(“c$”+”abc”));
Output:- True
->(.) mathes any single character(alphabet,number, special character, space)(if you want to
verify only single character we can use “dot’)
Ex:- P(‘reg(“^.$”,”abc”)=’+reg(“^.$”+”abc”));
output:- false
P(‘reg(“^.$”,”a”)=’+reg(“^.$”+”a”));
Output:- True
P(‘reg(“\.doc$”,”resume.doc”)=’+reg(“\.doc”+”resume.doc”));
 + one or many times(if you want to verify any single char,if may be one time else many
times,we can use +)
P(‘reg(“a+$”,”a”)=’+reg(“a+$”+”a”));
Output:- True
P(‘reg(“a+$”,”aaa”)=’+reg(“a+$”+”aaa”));
Output:- False
P(‘reg(“a+$”,”ab”)=’+reg(“a+$”+”ab”));

Page 35 of 69
Output:- false
 * 0 to many times
Ex:- P(‘reg(“a*$”,””)=’+reg(“a*$”+””));
Output:-True
P(‘reg(“a*$”,”aa”)=’+reg(“a*$”+”aa”));
Output;- True
P(‘reg(“a*$”,”ab”)=’+reg(“a*$”+”ab”));
Output:- False
 ? 0 or min one time or no.of times
P(‘reg(“https?”,”http://www.google.com”)=’+reg(“https?”+”http://www.google.com”));
Output:- True
 {n} - for n times
 {n,} -min n times
 {n, m}-min n times, max m times
 [] use for specifying range of char allowe for the exp.
[a-z] [A-Z] [0-9] [abcd] [a-zA-Z0-9-> Alphanumeric
Ex:- P(‘reg(“^[a-z]${3}”,”abc”)=’+reg(“^[a-z]${3}”+”abc”));
Output:- True
P(‘veg(“^[a-z]${3]”,”ABC”)=’+reg(“^[a-z]${3}”+”ABC”));

 \d -- matches with any digit(0-9)

 \D – matches a non-digit
 \s -- matches a space
 \S -- matches any non-space
 \w -- matches word boundary(alphanumeric and under square)
 \W -- non word boundary
 | -- ‘or’
 () -- matches sub expressions([] [] {})
Ex:- for mobile validation
Function isMobile(num)
{
Num=num.toString()
Exp=’^[98][0-9]{9}$’;
Return reg(exp,num);
]
Mobile=’8876543210’;
P(ismobile(mobile)?”validMobile”:’invalid’);
Ex:-2 for usMobile(124-136-106205)
Function isUsPhone(ph)
{
Return reg(‘^[0-9]{3}[\-]){2}[0-9]{6}$’,ph);
}
Phone=’234-345-234567’;
P(isUsPhone(phone)/’valid’:’invalid;
Ex 3:- Email id
<html>
<head>
<script>
Function isEmail(mail)
{

Page 36 of 69
Return reg(‘^[a-zA-Z0-9]\\w{3,}\.\\a{2,}@[a-zA-Z0-9\-]{2,}\.[a-zA-Z\.]{2,}$’,mail);
}
Ma=Sridhar.metukuru@gmail.com;
P(isEmail(ma?’valid’:’invalid’;
</script>
</head>
</html>
Ex:- User name
Function isUser(name)
{
return reg(‘^[a-zA-Z][\.][a-zA-Z]{5},’name);
}
Name=”pradeep”;
P(isuser)(name)?’valid’:’invalid’;
Ex:-
Function isUser(name)
{
return reg(‘^[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z\.]{5,}’,name);
}
Name=Pradeep;
P(isuser(name)?’valid’:’invalid’);

Selenium Modes
• Test Runner Mode

 test cases in HTML tables

• Record-Playback mode (Selenium IDE)

• Selenium Remote Control (RC) Mode

 test-cases in your language of choice

Test Runner Demo

• See Demo suite

• Look at tests bundled with Selenium

• Running selenium test in slow and fast mode

Page 37 of 69
 Selenium IDE Commands

1. allowNativeXpath(allow)
Arguments:
 allow - boolean, true means we'll prefer to use native XPath
Syntax:
command: allowNativeXpath
Target: True

2. assertAlert – To Verify the Java Script Pop-Ups, similarly assertConfirmation.

3. answerOnNextPrompt(answer)
Arguments:
 answer - the answer to give in response to the prompt pop-up

Instructs Selenium to return the specified answer string in response to the next
JavaScript prompt [window.prompt()].

4. assertAlertPresent()
Generated from isAlertPresent()
Returns:
true if there is an alert
Has an alert occurred?

This function never throws an exception

5. assertAllButtons(pattern)
Generated from getAllButtons()
Returns:
the IDs of all buttons on the page
Returns the IDs of all buttons on the page.

6. assertAllFields(pattern)
Generated from getAllFields()
Returns:
the IDs of all field on the page
Returns the IDs of all input fields on the page.

7. assertAllLinks(pattern)
Generated from getAllLinks()
Returns:
the IDs of all links on the page

Page 38 of 69
 Returns the IDs of all links on the page.

Similarly some other commands:

assertAllWindowIds, assertAllWindowNames, assertAllWindowTitles, assertAttribute,

assertAttributeFromAllWindows.

assertNotAllButtons, assertNotAllFields,assertNotAllWindowIds,
assertNotAllWindowNames, assertNotAllWindowTitles, assertNotAttribute,
assertNotAttributeFromAllWindows.

assertElementPresent(locator)

Generated from isElementPresent(locator)

Arguments:
 locator - an element locator

Returns:
true if the element is present, false otherwise
Verifies that the specified element is somewhere on the page.

Similarly some other commands: assertElementNotPresent

assertEval(script, pattern)
Generated from getEval(script)
Arguments:
 script - the JavaScript snippet to run

Returns:
the results of evaluating the snippet
Gets the result of evaluating the specified JavaScript snippet. The snippet may have
multiple lines, but only the result of the last line will be returned.

Similarly: assertExpression,

assertHtmlSource(pattern)
Generated from getHtmlSource()
Returns:
the entire HTML source
Returns the entire HTML source between the opening and closing "html" tags.
assertLocation(pattern)
Generated from getLocation()
Returns:
the absolute URL of the current page
Gets the absolute URL of the current page.
assertNotXpathCount(xpath, pattern)

Page 39 of 69
Generated from getXpathCount(xpath)
Arguments:
 xpath - the xpath expression to evaluate. do NOT wrap this expression in a
'count()' function; we will do that for you.

Returns:
the number of nodes that match the specified xpath
Returns the number of nodes that match the specified xpath, eg. "//table" would give the
number of tables.
Similarly: assertXpathcount

assertText(locator, pattern)
Generated from getText(locator)
Returns:
the text of the element
Gets the text of an element. This works for any element that contains text. This
command uses either the textContent (Mozilla-like browsers) or the innerText (IE-like
browsers) of the element, which is the rendered text shown to the user.

Similarly: assertTitle, assertTable, assertSpeed, assertPromt,assertVisible, aasertValue

assignId(locator, identifier)
Arguments:
 locator - an element locator pointing to an element
 identifier - a string to be used as the ID of the specified element

Temporarily sets the "id" attribute of the specified element, so you can locate it in the
future using its ID rather than a slow/complicated XPath. This ID will disappear once the
page is reloaded.

Similarly: assignIdAndWait

captureEntirePageScreenshot(filename, kwargs)
Arguments:
 filename - the path to the file to persist the screenshot as. No filename extension
will be appended by default. Directories will not be created if they do not exist,
and an exception will be thrown, possibly by native code.
 kwargs - a kwargs string that modifies the way the screenshot is captured.
Example: "background=#CCFFDD" . Currently valid options:

background
the background CSS for the HTML document. This may be useful to set for capturing
screenshots of less-than-ideal layouts, for example where absolute positioning causes the
calculation of the canvas dimension to fail and a black background is exposed (possibly
obscuring black text).

Page 40 of 69
 Saves the entire contents of the current window canvas to a PNG file. Contrast this with
the captureScreenshot command, which captures the contents of the OS viewport (i.e.
whatever is currently being displayed on the monitor), and is implemented in the RC
only. Currently this only works in Firefox when running in chrome mode, and in IE non-
HTA using the EXPERIMENTAL "Snapsie" utility. The Firefox implementation is
mostly borrowed from the Screengrab! Firefox extension. Please see
http://www.screengrab.org and http://snapsie.sourceforge.net/ for details.

Similarly: captureEntirePageScreenshotAndWait

check(locator)
Arguments:
 locator - an element locator

Check a toggle-button (checkbox/radio)

Similarly: checkAndWait

chooseCancelOnNextConfirmation(),chooseOkOnNextConfirmation(),
chooseOkOnNextConfirmationAndWait

Click, ClickAndWait, ClickAt, ClickAtAndWait, Close.

contextMenu, contextMenuAndWait, contextMenuAt, contextMenuAtAndWait.

createCookie, createCookieAndWait

deleteAllVisibleCookies()
Calls deleteCookie with recurse=true on all cookies visible to the current page. As noted
on the documentation for deleteCookie, recurse=true can be much slower than simply
deleting the cookies using a known domain/path.
Similarly: deleteAllVisibleCookiesAndWait, deleteCookie, deleteCookieAndWait,

doubleClick(locator)
Arguments:
 locator - an element locator

Double clicks on a link, button, checkbox or radio button. If the double click action
causes a new page to load (like a link usually does), call waitForPageToLoad.
Similarly: doubleClickAndWait, doubleClickAt, doubleClickAtAndWait.

echo(message)
Arguments:
 message - the message to print

Page 41 of 69
 Prints the specified message into the third table cell in your Selenese tables. Useful for
debugging.

fireEvent(locator, eventName)

Arguments:
 locator - an element locator
 eventName - the event name, e.g. "focus" or "blur"

Explicitly simulate an event, to trigger the corresponding "onevent" handler.

Similarly: fireEventAndWait

focus(locator)
Arguments:
 locator - an element locator

Move the focus to the specified element; for example, if the element is an input field,
move the cursor to that field.
Similarly: focusAndWait

goBack()
Simulates the user clicking the "back" button on their browser.
Similarly: goBackAndWait

ignoreAttributesWithoutValue(ignore)
Arguments:
 ignore - boolean, true means we'll ignore attributes without value at the expense
of xpath "correctness"; false means we'll sacrifice speed for correctness.

Similarly: ignoreAttributesWithoutValueAndWait

open(url)
Arguments:
 url - the URL to open; may be relative or absolute

Similarly: openWindow, openWindowAndWait

pause(waitTime)
Arguments:
 waitTime - the amount of time to sleep (in milliseconds)

Wait for the specified amount of time (in milliseconds)

refresh()
Simulates the user clicking the "Refresh" button on their browser.
Page 42 of 69
Similarly: refreshAndWait

removeAllSelections(locator)
Arguments:
 locator - an element locator identifying a multi-select box

Unselects all of the selected options in a multi-select element.

Similarly: removeAllSelectionsAndWait, removeSelection, removeSelectionAndWait

removeScript(scriptTagId)
Arguments:
 scriptTagId - the id of the script element to remove.

Removes a script tag from the Selenium document identified by the given id. Does
nothing if the referenced tag doesn't exist.
Similarly: removeScriptAndWait
runScript(script)
Arguments:
 script - the JavaScript snippet to run

Similarly: runScriptAndWait

select(selectLocator, optionLocator)
Arguments:
 selectLocator - an element locator identifying a drop-down menu
 optionLocator - an option locator (a label by default)

Select an option from a drop-down using an option locator.

Similarly: selectAndWait, selectFrame, selectPopUp, selectPopUpAndWait, selectWindow,

setTimeout(timeout)
Arguments:
 timeout - a timeout in milliseconds, after which the action will return with an
error

Specifies the amount of time that Selenium will wait for actions to complete.

Actions that require waiting include "open" and the "waitFor*" actions.

store(expression, variableName)
Arguments:
 expression - the value to store
 variableName - the name of a variable in which the result is to be stored.

Page 43 of 69
 This command is a synonym for storeExpression.

Similarly: storeAlert, storeAlertPresent, storeAllButtons, storeAllFields, storeAllLinks,

storeAllWindowIds, storeAllWindowNames, storeAllWindowTitles, storeAttribute,
storeBodyText, storeConfirmation, storeConfirmationPresent etc…..

storeCookie, storeCookieByName, storeCookiePresent, etc……

storeEval(script, variableName)
Generated from getEval(script)
Arguments:
 script - the JavaScript snippet to run

Returns:
the results of evaluating the snippet

similarly: storeExpression etc……

storeXpathCount(xpath, variableName)
Generated from getXpathCount(xpath)
Arguments:
 xpath - the xpath expression to evaluate. do NOT wrap this expression in a
'count()' function; we will do that for you.

Returns:
the number of nodes that match the specified xpath
Returns the number of nodes that match the specified xpath, eg. "//table" would give the
number of tables.
submit(formLocator)
Arguments:
 formLocator - an element locator for the form you want to submit

Submit the specified form. This is particularly useful for forms without submit buttons,
e.g. single-input "Search" forms.

Similarly: submitAndWait

type(locator, value)
Arguments:
 locator - an element locator
 value - the value to type

Sets the value of an input field, as though you typed it in.

Similarly: typeAndWait
Page 44 of 69
uncheck(locator)
Arguments:
 locator - an element locator

Uncheck a toggle-button (checkbox/radio)

Similarly: uncheckAndWait

verifyAlert(pattern)
Generated from getAlert()
Returns:
The message of the most recent JavaScript alert

Similarly: verifyAlertNotPresent, verifyAlertPresent, verifyAllButtons, verifyAllFields,

verifyAllLinks, verifyAllWindowNames, verifyAllWindowTitles etc…..

verifyConfirmation(pattern)
Generated from getConfirmation()
Returns:
the message of the most recent JavaScript confirmation dialog
Retrieves the message of a JavaScript confirmation dialog generated during the previous
action.

Similarly: verifyConfirmationNotPresent, verifyConfirmationPresent

verifyText(locator, pattern)
Generated from getText(locator)
Arguments:
 locator - an element locator

Returns:
the text of the element

Similarly: verifyTitle,verifyTable etc…..

waitForAlert(pattern)
Generated from getAlert()
Returns:
The message of the most recent JavaScript alert
Retrieves the message of a JavaScript alert generated during the previous action, or fail
if there were no alerts.

Similarly: waitForAllButtons, waitForAllFields, waitForAllLinks, waitForAllWindowIds,

waitForAllWindowNames, waitForAllWindowTitles,

waitForConfirmationPresent()
Page 45 of 69
Generated from isConfirmationPresent()
Returns:
true if there is a pending confirmation
Has confirm() been called?

Similarly: waitForCondition

waitForTitle(pattern)
Generated from getTitle()
Returns:
the title of the current page
Gets the title of the current page.

Similary: waitForTable etc……

Tc#1 : Verify Page Title and specified Text

GE Test Case 1
open http://www.ge.com/
type textToSearch energy efficient
clickAndWait searchSubmit
assertTitle exact:GE: Search Results
assertTextPresent energy efficient

Tc# 2:

GE Test Case2
open http://www.ge.com/
assertTitle GE : imagination at work
clickAndWait //div[@id='ge_footer']/ul/li[2]/a
GE Contact Information: Web Questions, Online Help,
assertTitle
Press Contacts
clickAndWait link=Feedback and Inquiries
assertTitle Feedback & Inquiries : Contact Information : GE
pause 3000
select contact_subject label=Other

Page 46 of 69
GE Test Case2
label=United
select contact_country
States
type contact_email testing@test.com
type contact_comments No questions.
clickAndWait //form[@id='contact_form']/p/input
verifyTextPresent Thank you for taking the time to contact GE.
verifyTextPresent Feel free to continue browsing
verifyElementPresent link=GE.com Home Page

Tc# 3: Verify alerts

Age Test Case

open file:///C:/Javascript/Class%20Ex/Ex16.html?txtAge=101&=Submit
assertTitle Age Problem
verifyTextPresent Enter Your Age
type idAge -1
click idSubGo
open Infant
type idAge 5
click idSubGo
deleteCookie Kid
type idAge 20
click idSubGo
assertAlert Adult
type idAge 55
click idSubGo
assertAlert Senior
type idAge 75
click idSubGo
assertAlert Grand Senior
type idAge 110
click idSubGo

Page 47 of 69
Age Test Case
assertAlert I hate this life
type idAge www
check idSubGo
pause 5000
clickAndWait idSubGo
assertAlert Something wrong, enter your right age!

Tc# 4: Wait for Text Present

TC_Google_EE
open http://www.google.com/
type q energy efficient
clickAndWait btnG
waitForTextPresent energy efficiency
assertTitle energy efficient - Google Search

Tc #5: Creating Variables and storing data and calling multipletimes

TestCase_HelloWorld
open file:///C:/2009%20Selenium/Day3/Ex/HelloWorld.html
store Kangeyan vName
echo ${vName}
answerOnNextPrompt ${vName}
click link=Click here to enter your name
waitForPrompt Please enter your name.
echo ${vName}
createCookie idName ${vName}

TC# 6:
Reviewed Test Case Barnes and Noble Sorted Order
open http://www.barnesandnoble.com/index.asp
type search-input javascript
clickAndWait quick-search-button

Page 48 of 69
Reviewed Test Case Barnes and Noble Sorted Order
pause 10000
clickAndWait link=Price
//div[@id='bs-center-
storeText T1
col']/div[3]/div[1]/div[2]/div/div/div/ul[1]/li[2]/strong
echo ${T1}
xpath=id('bs-center-
storeText T2
col')/div[3]/div[3]/div[2]/div/div/div/ul[1]/li[1]/strong
echo ${T2}
//div[@id='bs-center-
storeText T3
col']/div[3]/div[5]/div[2]/div/div/div/ul[1]/li[1]/strong
echo ${T3}
var A= new Number("${T1}".substr(1));var B=new Number("$
storeEval T4
{T2}".substr(1)); var Result1=false; if (A<=B) Result1=true;Result1
echo ${T4}
var B= new Number("${T2}".substr(1));var C=new Number("$
storeEval T5
{T3}".substr(1)); var Result2=false; if (B<=C) Result2=true;Result2
echo ${T5}
storeEval var Result1= new Boolean("${T4}");Result1 R1
echo ${R1}
storeEval var Result2= new Boolean("${T5}");Result2 R2
echo ${R2}
var Result1= new Boolean("${T4}");var Result2=new Boolean("$
storeEval T6
{T5}"); Result1 && Result2
store true T7
echo ${T6}
verifyExpression ${T6} ${T7}
echo ${T7}
var isSorted = new Boolean("${T6}"); var strResult ='Not in Sorted
storeEval vSorted
Order'; if (isSorted) strResult='Ascending Order'; strResult
echo ${vSorted}

Tc# 7: Example For Alert Massege

Test Case Alert Button Click
open file:\\C:\2009 Selenium\Day 3\Ex\ClickAlert.html
click //input[@value='Click and get the Welcome Message']

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Test Case Alert Button Click
assertAlert Welcome to Portnov!

Tc# 8: Example For goBackAndWait

Test Case Go Back And Wait

open file:\C:\2009 Selenium\Day 3\Ex\SelectAWebSite.html
select OptWeb label=Google
clickAndWait btnGo
assertTitle Google
goBackAndWait
select OptWeb label=Portnov
clickAndWait btnGo
Career Training & Career Change: Software Testing and
assertTitle
Software QA (Quality Assurance) @ Portnov Computer School
goBackAndWait
select OptWeb label=Microsoft
clickAndWait btnGo
assertTitle Microsoft Corporation
goBackAndWait
select OptWeb label=Yahoo
clickAndWait btnGo
assertTitle Yahoo!

Tc#9: Example for Alert conformation

Reviewed Test Case Popup

open file:\\C:\2009 Selenium\Day 3\Ex\CreatePopUps.html

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Reviewed Test Case Popup
click winBut
waitForPopUp win1 30000
waitForPopUp win2 30000
waitForPopUp win3 30000
selectWindow name=win1
click //input[@value='Click and get the Welcome Message']
assertAlert Welcome to Portnov!
selectWindow name=win3
click //input[4]
click Submit
assertConfirmation Are you sure you want to submit this answer?
assertAlert submitted
selectWindow null
click //input[@name='winBut' and @value='Close Windows']

Regular Expression
Tc#10: Verify Page Title
Reviewed Test Case Window Name Check
open file:///C:/2009%20Selenium/Day%204/Ex/ShowWinName.html
click winBut
regex:Ex1.html
assertAlert
win1
regex:Ex2.html
assertAlert
win2
regex:Ex3.html
assertAlert
win3
Tc#11: Regular Expression
Reviewed Test Case RegEx Email Check
file:///C:/2009%20Selenium/Day
open
%204/Ex/UserInputForm.html
type txtName kangs p
type txtEmail KANGS@YAHOO.COM
click //input[@value='Submit']

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Reviewed Test Case RegEx Email Check
verify
//form[@id='frm']/table.1.2 Valid
Table
verify
//form[@id='frm']/table.2.2 Valid
Table
storeV
txtName selName
alue
echo ${selName}
storeV
txtEmail selEmail
alue
echo ${selEmail}
assert
storedVars['selName'] regex:\w+\s\w+
Eval
regex:^[a-z0-9_\-]+(\.[_a-z0-9\-]+)*@([_a-z0-9\-]
assert javascript:jStr=storedVars['selEmail'
+\.)+([a-z]{2}|aero|arpa|biz|com|coop|edu|gov|info|
Eval ]; jStr.toLowerCase()
int|jobs|mil|museum|name|nato|net|org|pro|travel)$

Narrating Regular Expression Tc’s

Store Value

 Name and Email are stored in a Selenium Variable

 Use echo to see the values in Log

Narrating Test Cases

file:///C:/2009%20Selenium/Day%204/Ex/Narrating Test
open
Cases.html
type txtName kangs p
type txtEmail KANGS@YAHOO.COM
storeValue txtName selName
echo ${selName}
storeValue txtEmail selEmail
echo ${selEmail}
click //input[@value='Submit']
verifyTable //form[@id='frm']/table.1.2 Valid
verifyTable //form[@id='frm']/table.2.2 Valid

Regular Expression Testing

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  Name is tested with regex:\w+\s\w+
 Email is first converted into lower case then tested using regex.

assertE
storedVars['selName'] regex:\w+\s\w+
val
javascript:jStr=storedVars regex:^[a-z0-9_\-]+(\.[_a-z0-9\-]+)*@([_a-z0-9\-]+\.)+([a-z]
assertE
['selEmail']; {2}|aero|arpa|biz|com|coop|edu|gov|info|int|jobs|mil|museum|
val
jStr.toLowerCase() name|nato|net|org|pro|travel)$

Testing Highlight

 Verify Text with exact spelling "Name" using XPath

 Highlight a text using XPath

verifyText //form[@id='frm']/table/tbody/tr[2]/td[1]/span[1] exact:Name:

highlight //form[@id='frm']/table/tbody/tr[2]/td[1]/span[1]

Assert Element Present

 Valid Name Id is present

 Valid Email ID is present

assertElementPresent idNameDisp
assertElementPresent idEmailDisp

Tc#11:
Test Case DevryPopupWindows Close
http://www.devry-
degrees.com/7x/prequal.jsp;jsessionid=GYW5fw1VxepITK3Fi7CXsg**.ap
open
p8-all1?
redirected=redirect&CLK=0&CCID=&QTR=&ZN=&ZV=&KY_T=
refresh
setSpeed 3000

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Test Case DevryPopupWindows Close
assertTitle DeVry Online Focus Site
click //div[@id='footerlogo']/table/tbody/tr[1]/td[1]/a[1]/u
waitForPopU
Thandie 30000
p
selectWindow name=Thandie
assertTitle Accreditation - DeVry University
click //html/body/table/tbody/tr[4]/td/a
selectWindow null
click //div[@id='footerlogo']/table/tbody/tr[1]/td[1]/a[1]/u
waitForPopU
Thandie 30000
p
selectWindow null
pause 10000
click //div[@id='footerlogo']/table/tbody/tr[1]/td[1]/a[2]/u
waitForPopU
Thandie 30000
p
selectWindow name=Thandie
assertTitle Programs-DeVry University
click //html/body/table[2]/tbody/tr/td/p/a
selectWindow null
click //div[@id='footerlogo']/table/tbody/tr[1]/td[2]/a[1]/u
waitForPopU
Thandie 30000
p
selectWindow name=Thandie
assertTitle Your California Privacy Rights
click //html/body/table/tbody/tr[2]/td/a
selectWindow null
click //div[@id='footerlogo']/table/tbody/tr[1]/td[2]/a[2]/u
waitForPopU
Thandie 30000
p
selectWindow name=Thandie
assertTitle Privacy Policy - DeVry University
click //html/body/table/tbody/tr[2]/td/a
selectWindow null

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Tc#12: Verify Page Load Time
Test Case for PageLoadTime_Simple
open http://www.yahoo.com/
storeEval (new Date()).getTime() StartTime
refresh
waitForPageToLoad 3000
storeEval (new Date()).getTime() EndTime
echo ${StartTime}
echo ${EndTime}
storeEval (${EndTime}-${StartTime})/1000 PageLoadTime
echo ${PageLoadTime} Seconds
storeEval (new Date()).getTime() StartTime
open http://www.yahoo.com/
waitForPageToLoad 3000
storeEval (new Date()).getTime() EndTime
storeEval (${EndTime}-${StartTime})/1000 PageLoadTime
echo ${PageLoadTime} Seconds

Tc#13: AvgPageLoadTime
Test Case for PageLoadTime
open http://www.yahoo.com/
storeEval (new Date()).getTime() StartTime
refresh
waitForPageToLoad 3000
storeEval (new Date()).getTime() EndTime
echo ${StartTime}
echo ${EndTime}
storeEval (${EndTime}-${StartTime})/1000 PageLoadTime1
echo ${PageLoadTime1} Seconds
storeEval (new Date()).getTime() StartTime
open http://www.yahoo.com/
waitForPageToLoad 3000
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Test Case for PageLoadTime
storeEval (new Date()).getTime() EndTime
storeEval (${EndTime}-${StartTime})/1000 PageLoadTime2
echo ${PageLoadTime2} Seconds
storeEval (${PageLoadTime1}+${PageLoadTime2})/2 AvgPageLoadTime
echo ${AvgPageLoadTime} Seconds

Tc# 14: Page Load Time in milli Seconds

Test Case for PageLoadTime_MilliSeconds

storeEval var d=(new Date().getTime()); d; timeBeforeLoad
echo ${timeBeforeLoad}
open("http://www.ge.com/");var
storeEval win=this.browserbot.getCurrentWindow(); timeAfterLoad
if(win)win.onload=(window.status=(new Date().getTime()));
echo ${timeAfterLoad}
storeEval ${timeAfterLoad}-${timeBeforeLoad} loadTimeMSecs
echo ${loadTimeMSecs}

Tc#15: Get Xpathcount, rows count and Tablecount

XXX
Test Case Xpath
open file:///C:/2009 Selenium/Day4/Ex/ListofCourses.html
assertTitle AssertXPath
storeElementPresent //table[@id='idCourse']/tbody/tr[7]/td[3] Txt1
echo ${Txt1}
assertElementNotPresent //table[@id='idCourse']/tbody/tr[8]/td[3]
assertElementPresent //table[@id='idCourse']/tbody/tr[7]/td[3]
allowNativeXpath true
verifyXpathCount //table[@id='idCourse']/tbody/tr 7
verifyXpathCount //table[@id='idCourse']/tbody/tr[1]/td 4
verifyXpathCount //table[@id='idCourse']/tbody/tr/td 28
verifyTable idCourse.0.0 S#

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Test Case Xpath
verifyTable idCourse.0.1 Course Name
verifyTable idCourse.4.0 4
verifyTable idCourse.4.1 Selenium
verifyTable idCourse.4.2 Kangs
verifyTable idCourse.4.3 4/4/2009
verifyTable idCourse.0.2 Instructor Name
verifyTable idCourse.0.3 Start Date
verifyTable idCourse.6.0 6
verifyTable idCourse.6.1 Python
verifyTable idCourse.6.2 Michell
verifyTable idCourse.6.3 6/6/2009
storeText //table[@id='idCourse']/tbody/tr[7]/td[4] sLastRowCell4
echo ${sLastRowCell4}

Selenium Core
Introduction:

• Selenium Core is a test tool for web applications.

• Selenium Core tests run directly in a browser, just as real users do. And they run in
Internet Explorer, Mozilla and Firefox on Windows, Linux, and Macintosh.

• Selenium uses JavaScript and Iframes to embed a test automation engine in browsers.

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 • Selenium was designed specifically for the acceptance testing requirements of Agile
teams.

Selenium Core Concepts

• Selenium was designed specifically for the acceptance testing requirements of Agile
teams.

• Cross Browser and Cross Platform compatibility testing. One can test and verify whether
the application works correctly on different browsers and operating systems. The same
script can run on any Selenium platform.

• Application Functional testing. Create regression tests to verify application functionality

and user acceptance.

HTA Mode in IE

• HTML Applications (HTAs) are full-fledged web applications.

• These applications are trusted by the Microsoft Internet Explorer browser.

• The web-developer need to create the menus, icons, toolbars, and title information then
only those will be available within that application.

• HTAs pack all the power of object model, performance, rendering power, protocol
support, and channel–download technology—without enforcing the strict security model
and user interface of the browser.

• HTAs can be created using the HTML and Dynamic HTML (DHTML).

HTA Mode in Selenium Core

• Selenium Core provides an additional mechanism for running automated tests called
"HTA mode."

• HTA Mode only works on Windows, and only with IE.

• An HTA file is a special type of HTML file that is allowed to violate the same origin policy
and to write files to disk. When running in HTA mode, you don't have to install Selenium
Core on the same web server.

• HTA files are also allowed to save test results directly to disk, rather than posting the test
results to a web server.

Installing Selenium Core

• Installing Selenium Core is a two step process

– First: Install an web server (e.g. Apache)

– Second: Install the Selenium Core under the Web Server

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 • You need to install the Selenium Core within the web server where AUT is deployed.

1. Installing Apache Web Server

• Go to http://httpd.apache.org/download.cgi

• Download Win32 Binary without crypto (no mod_ssl) (MSI Installer):

• apache_2.2.11-win32-x86-no_ssl.msi

• Double click the downloaded file and install it

2. Check Apache Works

• Open your Windows Explorer

• Go to C:\Program Files\Apache Software Foundation\Apache2.2\htdocs

• Check index.html file is there

• Open index.html check whether it will display “it works” Message or Not.

3. Installing Selenium Core

• Create a folder under (*1)

– C:\Program Files\Apache Software Foundation\Apache2.2\htdocs

• Name the new folder as “Selenium”

– C:\Program Files\Apache Software Foundation\Apache2.2\htdocs\Selenium

• Go to http://seleniumhq.org/download/

• Right Click on the Download Link under Selenium Core, and download the file under
Apache web server

• Save the selenium-core-1.0-beta-2.zip file

• Under the folder C:\Program Files\Apache Software

Foundation\Apache2.2\htdocs\Selenium

• Right click on the Zip file, and unzip by Selecting winzip à select Extract to here

• In your address bar type the below URL:

• http://localhost/Selenium/core/TestRunner.html

• If you are able to see Selenium Test Runner Control Panel, then the installation is
complete and successful.

Selenium Core Test Suites

1. Open Selenium IDE

2. Create multiple Test cases, save with .html extensions.

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 3. Create these test cases as Testsuite.html
4. In Windows Explorer Go to
C:\Program Files\Apache Software Foundation\Apache2.2\htdocs\Selenium
5. Create a new folder called “oragehrm”
6. Save all Test cases, Test Suites under “orangehrm” Folder.

Running Test cases with IE Browser

1. Open your IE browser, go to

http://localhost/Selenium/core/TestRunner.html
2. In the test suite input box, type as follows:
3. ../orangehrm/TestSuite.html
4. Press “Go” button
5. Now, you can run either individual test cases or entire suite. Do as you wish.

Running Test cases with Firfox Browser

1. Open your Firefox browser, go to

http://localhost/Selenium/core/TestRunner.html
2. In the test suite input box, type as follows:
3. ../orangehrm/TestSuite.html
4. Press “Go” button
5. Now, you can run either individual test cases or entire suite. Do as you wish.

Running the Test Suite Using HTA Mode

• Test now in IE browser

– http://localhost/Selenium/core/TestRunner.hta

– A File download – Security Warning may display

– Click “Run” button

• In the test suite input box, type as follows:

– ../oragehrm/TestSuite.html

• Press “Go” button

• Now, you can run either individual test cases or entire suite. Do as you wish.

Difference between HTA & HTML Mode

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 • HTA Mode allows you to save the results to a file

Selenium-RC
1. Introduction
Selenium-RC is the solution for tests that need more than simple browser actions and linear
execution.

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Selenium-RC uses the full power of programming languages to create more complex tests like
reading and writing files, querying a database, emailing test results.
You’ll want to use Selenium-RC whenever your test requires logic not supported by Selenium-
IDE.
What logic could this be? For example, Selenium-IDE does not directly support:
• condition statements
• iteration
• logging and reporting of test results
• error handling, particularly unexpected errors
• database testing
• test case grouping
• re-execution of failed tests
• test case dependency
• screenshot capture of test failures

Although these tasks are not supported by Selenium directly, all of them can be achieved by
using programming techniques with a language-specific Selenium-RC client library.

2. Installing Selenium RC

• Installing Selenium Remote Control (RC) requires three step process:

– First: Install JRE 1.5 or later

– Second: Install the Selenium RC

– Third: Install Ruby Client

Checking JRE

• Go to Start à Run à cmd

– Java – version (*1)

• If you see an older version (< 1.5) it is better to uninstall it

Second: Installing Selenium RC

• Go to http://seleniumhq.org/download/

• Select RC download (*1) link and store the file in C:\

• UnZip the selenium-remote-control-1.0-beta-2-dist.zip in C:\

• Rename the selenium-remote-control-1.0-beta-2 folder into SeleniumRC

• Rename the selenium-java-client-driver-1.0-beta-2 folder into JavaClient

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 • Rename the selenium-server-1.0-beta-2 into JavaServer

• Open Windows Explorer go to C:\SeleniumRC\JavaServer

• Go to Start à Run à Cmd (enter the following command)

• Cd C:\SeleniumRC\JavaServer

• Java -jar selenium-server.jar -interactive

Third: Install Ruby Client

 Install Ruby into C:\

 Go to Start à Run à cmd
- Cd c:\seleniumRC\RubyClient\
- gem install selenium-client
 Make sure it shows successfully installed selenium-client

Start Selenium server with Batch File

– Open Note Pad and Type below

– java -jar C:\SeleniumRC\JavaServer\selenium-server.jar
– Save as .bat extension
Stop Selenium server in IE
"C:\Program Files\Internet Explorer\iexplore.exe" http://localhost:4444/selenium-server/driver/?
cmd=shutDownSeleniumServer

3. Run a Simple Test

Step1: save Test case with rb extenstion

• Open the test case in Selenium IDE

• Go to Options à Format à Ruby – Selenium RC
• Select File à Save Test Case As
• Save the file name as “name.rb” in C:\PrgRuby
Step2: Start the Selenium Server

• Go to Start à Run à cmd

– Java -jar selenium-server.jar (*7)

• Keep the server running (Do not close this cmd line window)

Step3: Run the Ruby Test

• Open another cmd line window, go to Start à Run à cmd

• Navigate to the path where you have saved “testEE.rb”

– Cd c:\ruby

– Execute the below command

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 – Ruby testEE.rb

4. Platforms Supported by Selenium RC

• Browsers

– Firefox, IE, Safari and Opera etc..

• Operating Systems

– Windows, OS X, Linux, and Solaris

• Programming Languages

– C#, Java, Perl, PHP, Python, and Ruby

• Testing Frameworks

– Bromine, JUnit & TenstNG (Java), NUnit (.Net), RSpec & Test::Unit (Ruby),
unittest (Python)

5. RC Command Line Options

Usage: java -jar selenium-server.jar [-interactive] [-options]

• port <nnnn>:(default 4444)

– the port number the selenium server should use

• timeout <nnnn>: (eg: 180)

– an integer number of seconds

• interactive:

– Interactively enter the commands.

• multiWindow:

– Tests are executed in a separate window and supports web pages with
frames.

• forcedBrowserMode <browser>: (eg: *iehta)

– sets the forced default browser mode (e.g. "*iexplore“) for all sessions, no
matter what is passed in getNewBrowserSession

• userExtensions <file>:

– indicates a JavaScript file that will be loaded into selenium

• browserSessionReuse:

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 – stops re-initialization and spawning of the browser between tests

• avoidProxy:

– Uses by default proxy for browser request

– set this flag to make the browser use proxy only for URLs containing
'/selenium-server'

• firefoxProfileTemplate <dir>:

– By default generates a fresh empty Firefox profile for every test.

– Provide a directory to use your profile directory instead.

• debug:

– Debug mode provides more trace information and used for diagnostics
purpose

• log:

– When enabled writes debug information out to a log file

• htmlSuite <browser> <startURL> <suiteFile> <resultFile>:

– Provide browser and URL to run a single HTML Selenese Test suite and
then exit immediately.

– Provide absolute path to the HTML test suite, and HTML results file.

• proxyInjectionMode:

– A proxy injection mode is a mode where the selenium server acts as a

proxy server for all content going to the AUT. Under this mode, multiple
domains can be visited.

• The following additional flags are supported for proxy injection mode :

– dontInjectRegex <regex>: an optional regular expression that proxy

injection mode can use to know when to bypass injection

– userJsInjection <file>: specifies a JavaScript file which will then be injected

into all pages

• userContentTransformation <regex> <replacement>:

– A regular expression which is matched against all test HTML content; the
second is a string which will replace matches. These flags can be used any
number of times. A simple example of how this could be useful: if you add

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 "-userContentTransformation https http" then all "https" strings in the
HTML of the test application will be changed to be "http".

• Java system properties:

– Dhttp.proxyHost and -Dhttp.proxyPort

• Normally Selenium RC overrides the proxy server configuration, using the

Selenium Server as a proxy. Use these options if you need to use your own proxy
together with the Selenium Server proxy.

• Use the proxy settings like this:

– java -Dhttp.proxyHost=myproxy.com -Dhttp.proxyPort=1234 -jar selenium-

server.jar

– HTTP proxy requires authentication, you will also need to set

-Dhttp.proxyUser and -Dhttp.proxyPassword, in addition to http.proxyHost
and http.proxyPort.

– java -Dhttp.proxyHost=myproxy.com -Dhttp.proxyPort=1234

-Dhttp.proxyUser=joe -Dhttp.proxyPassword=example -jar selenium-
server.jar

6. Selenium RC - Interactive Mode Running

• The "interactive mode (IM)" allows you to run your test case commands on the Selenium
Server interactively.

• This approach is suited for novice programmers to understand.

• To completely automate the test suites, it is best practice to write your tests in a suitable
programming language. Not using interactive mode.

• Type exit to quit from interactive mode

6.1 Selenium RC – Browser Launch Mode

Browser Launch Mode Description Cross Domain

*iexplore, *iehta Internet Explorer in HTA mode Yes

*iexploreproxy Internet Explorer HTML mode No

*firefox, *chrome Firefox in Chrome mode Yes

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 *firefoxproxy Firefox normal No

*opera Opera mode No

*safari Safari mode No

*custom Custom mode Dynamic

Selenium RC – getNewBrowserSession

• During the "interactive mode" one can get the current browser Session ID using the
getNewBrowserSession command.

• This command accepts two parameters.

• Both are mandatory parameters.

• First Parameter: Browser Launch mode

– Example: *iexplore, *firefox, etc

• Second Parameter: URL

– Example: http://www.google.com

• testComplete command will stop the current session. No longer you can use the same
session for further testing after executing this command.

Selenium RC – Interactive mode cmd

• Interactive mode allows you to execute commands using cmd command

• The format of the command is as follows:

– cmd={Selenese Command}&1={First Parameter}&2={Second Parameter}

&sessionId={sessionID got using getNewBrowserSession}

– Example:

– cmd=type&1=q&2=energy
efficient&sessionId=500b9ffb521d4c67b37e649a7bd5e527

– cmd=close&sessionId=500b9ffb521d4c67b37e649a7bd5e527

– cmd=waitForTextPresent&1=energy
efficiency&sessionId=500b9ffb521d4c67b37e649a7bd5e527

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 • The session ID is optional. Use session ID when you have multiple sessions.

• Selenese Command Parameter is mandatory.

• Both &1 and &2 parameters are optional. If the Selenese command contains
parameter then you may need it.

Selenium RC – Interactive mode Testing

• Open your Windows explorer go to C:\SeleniumRC\JavaServer

• Goto Start à Run à cmd

• if necessary use cd C:\SeleniumRC\JavaServer, then type

– java -jar selenium-server.jar -interactive

• Copy the first line of the code and paste in the interactive mode (*4)

– cmd=getNewBrowserSession&1=*iexplore&2=http://www.google.com

• Press Enter Key

6.2 Selenium RC – Posting Test Results (firefox)

• Open notepad/wordpad

• Cut and Paste the below code.

• Save the batch file with name “GE Test Case.bat”

• Keep the below files under the following directory:

– C:\2009 Selenium\Ex\GE

– TestSuite.html

– GE Test Case1.html

– GE Test Case3.html

– GE Test Case.bat

• Double click on the GE Test Case.bat file

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• Command window open and run the test suite

• After completing the test, double click on the “FF GE Test Results.html”

6.3 Selenium RC – Posting Test Results (IE)

• Open the batch file “GE Test Case.bat”

• Change the *chrome into *iehta

• Double click and Run the “GE Test Case.bat” file

• After completion look at the posted results in “IE GE Test Results.html”

• Double click the file, see the results in any browser

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