Bea FT IF, STA We Lived in rented accommo- dation before buying this house. 0 The price of the holiday includes flights and accommodation, fate siitit ¥ qe accomodation ‘storia ® 1 “1 will help you find an accomo- dation’ siz wae 1 ea wen pe wary ‘Twill help you to find somewhere to live.’ (acme etens (AmE) somewhere to live or stay, often also providing food or other Services a: sitar ity area afremt aft gery are STAT SMART 3 [U] (technical) the ‘way in which Part of your eye (the lens) automatically coca flatter or thicker in order to create @ clear image of the object that you want to look ee Borer & ania Set oy arett aay ar are fit SAM OT WH > eye 1 fas Afar SREP AEN npoimon ot aa ere/ ‘noun [C] something that goes together with another more important thing Fat afr HERI FY FT AT ay at Teg; SRE lat eset AGP / noun 4 person who plays the piano or another instrument, while sb else plays or sings the main Part of the music (Hffa) yer ae at aT a Be ae BET ATT TTR aT aeATTATE 3ecompany /a'kamponi a HAGA/ verb [T] (pres. part. accompanying; 3rd person sing. pres. accompanies; pt, pp accompanied) 1 sb/sth anied the film's 2. accompany sb (on sth) to play music fora singer or another instrument 1 41a HEA She accompanied him on the guitar. ecompli¢e />'kamplis a wafer / noun [C) " ‘accomplice (to/in sth) sb to @ “et e ye THT A aera Jo kamphif ot BAA / verb [T] accomelish Sarrsheedy es 44 wea ert igre naka fo'kamphit 31 BARAT / adj. sth fait anne Page an 2'kamplifmant nasal LIV aetna Angisth suocessully a1 w ‘°C BH PAT the accomplishment ofa plan 2{C} something difficult that sb has succeeded in doing or learning fer or ater rar cafe ore; ay ’ fa'ko:d FH 7E/ noun [C] an agreement, especially between countries siranftes arsttat ‘ar a (ora: Zeit ste) pestelsinkwaccoresion, in agreement about sth feats without being forced or ‘area aT street % ple sacked from his pb he eh of hin zs fal ko:d &'IE/ verb (formal) 1 [T] to give sth to sb Rg afte at accordance /s'ks:dns 'Eq/ noun e with sth in a way that follows or obeys sth aR @ Ja ko:dinli ot atte / adv. Lin_ away that is suitable T@qary, SII BT A I real ized that Twas in danger and acted accordingly. RA oF GC: Yo /a'ko:din ta; before vowels tu aw aiteg zea eatrat % Gt Z/ prep. 1 imag ses shown by sth Sarge & ae According 10 Madhuri, it’s a, brilliant. films. © More people now have a high standard: of living, according to the statistigs. 2 in a way that matches, follows or depends on sth & TE ‘Fe Gd Be, H AGAK AAT ET Everything went off according to plan. o The salary will be fixed according to age and experience. accordion /2'ko:dion @'#fS3t4/ noun [C] a musical instrument that you hold in both hands and play by pulling the two sides apart and then pushing them together, while pressing the keys and/or buttons with your fingers af erat @ RST FAM TA AAT UH I AA | TS 789 we fas afar fa'kost t'AE/ verb [T] toygo up and talk to a stranger in a way that is rude or fright ening fae arafefat aftr & frre oT site saa ‘are sfereat Agr sataon? fo'kaunt 'e1S accountability /a'kaunta' bilati Sas faate/ noun [U] Sree, warazé accountancy /2'kauntonsi a araqeafer {U) the work or profession of an accountant , wise SAAT, ST ATT BBall y noun @@Cuse /2 kju:z 4'#I%/ verb [T] accuse si over a period of (to sb) (from sth) to increase : time es Prefer ara a arort ae fet Bor interest accruing 0 savers se their s accounts 2 {T] to allow a sum of money or: to grow over a period of time tr Fretfter srafiy # af ar aera af& AT © vata accumulate accumulate /o'kju:mjalest ST" FTAZ/ verb “1 to collect a number or quantity of sth over a period of time fait arama % fret aR st oradt ara ar der Hf saat ae eta, aT AGT Over the years, I’ve accumulated hundreds of books. 2 {I} to increase over a period of time waa sai & dirt agar > accumulation Ja, kjusmja 'leufn ET AY/ noun [cul aaa > accumulative /a kju:mjalauy ot arrafea/ adj. AR accurate /'wkjorot TAIT! adj. exact and correct; without mistakes Tard ott at; aaa He managed to give the police an accurate description of the robbers, © fait inaccur- ate > accuracy /wkjorasi Taf / noun [C] faaject, zardar © facirtinaccuracy > accur- ately 8 am adv. ward aa accusation /,ekju' zen tay' HA / noun [C, U] a statement saying that sb has done sth wrong San, aay accusative /s'kju:zatw o'aaAfa/ noun Ic (grammar) the form of a noun, a pronoun, or an adjective in some languages when it is, or is connected with, the direct object of a verb (we arersit 4) aan, afar ar Pater ar ae Ko ait farar ar gered aat ® ar sea ‘water ata ®, ‘aa, fetter faut in the sentence ‘1 bought them.’, ‘them’ is in the accusative. «> dative, genitive, nominative 317 vocative 2ftau | > accusative adj mar (of sth/doing sth) to say that sb has done wrong or broken the law Peat aif azbalance of trade (also trade balance) noun [sing.] the difference in value between the amount that a country buys from other countries (imports) and the amount that it sells to them (exports) sirara # ary ara sit fai & geet Tr stat, ate balance sheet noun (C} a written statement Showing the amount of money and property that ® company has, and how much has been received and paid out Pret dear a aft sit staan ‘Hae eittt ar car Pret, BRAT, ae beelkoni’ qaf4/noun [C] (pl. balcon- ies) 1 a platform built on an upstairs outside wall of a building, with a wall of rail around it (BPH ATT © patio, terrace siz veranda ta 2 an area of seats upstairs in a theatre F&M Bra Ar rena Huet wiser ae anit gta, arcrastt Baldy/bo:14 ‘ARE/ adj. 1 (used about people) having little or no hair on your head (afte) afar T hope I don t go bald like my father did. o He has 4 bald patch on the top of his head. 2 (used about sth that is said) simple; without extra words (#23) hora, sreisaeéey, sraigA the bald truth Balding®/'bo:ldm ‘arafse/ agy starting to lose the hair on your head way @ sit agar gar, AAT ETAT ESAT a balding man in his fifties baldly /‘bo:tdii'atrgfet/ adv. in a few words with nothing extra or unnecessary T1-aat reat # fe told us baldly that he was leaving. Vigmascs 4q/ noun [C] a large quantity of sth With it quickly Rafa a eter one cea she ee airtart et a enrer cear Set/start the ball rolling to start sth (an activity, conversation, ete.) that involves or is done by 8 group @ aren Baraat am amr Ts ACT ballad /'balad '&ag/ noun (C} a long song or poem that tells a story, often about love 91a: Te, aera Aer rere afer; eer et ballast /‘balast ‘ez / noun [U] heavy material placed in a ship or hot- balloon to make it heavier and keep it steady 8a & qeart a sent # eee ay & fore eit car Ter et are; Fee ball bearing noun (C] one of a number of metal balls put between parts ofa machine to make them move smoothly arg-fatter ttt ait waht & qu & ‘he vec & cafes asta aerax ert @; ater faa ballerina /,bels'ri:na,4'&1/noun [C] awoman who dances in ballets Fe, Feast ballet /‘beler'@4/noun 1 [U]a style of dancing that tells a story with music but without words witarers Fernfea; Ae a ballet dancer 2 (C] a performance or work that consists of this type of dancing Jernfear Hey at yar; Sash ballet dancer noun {C] a person who dances in ballets aris ball game noun {C] 1 any game played with a ball 4g 1 Ge, HHA 2 a baseball match ‘anata ar ie @ (whole) new/different ball game some- thing completely new or different Wet ar ard, Tae Ft are a Ea teense BRP AE geodetic a FraPe/ noun [U] the se balk = baulk ball /bo:1 @fq/noun [C] 1 a round object that you hit, kick, throw, ete, in games and sports #2 a tennis/golffrugby ball o a football 2a round object or a thing that has been formed into around shape “tat, atet 7%, fH a ball of wool © The children threw snowballs at each other © We had meatballs and pasta for dinner. 3 one throw, kick, etc. of the ball in some sports BS Geil F He at aaa a, ae aie That was a great ball from the defender. 4a large formal party at which people dance 1a aa siryanftas wet fret air arat @, adh ge-Tet [BD be on the ball (informal) to always know what is happening and be able to react to or deal entific study of things that are shot or fired through the air, for example bullets aq 4 yatta BF ach seat (FA atch) ar enh gem balloon /ba'lu:n @'/ noun [C] 1 a small col- ured object that you blow air into and use as a toy or for decoration TART 10 blow up/burst/ pop a balloon 2 (also hot-air balloon) a large balloon made of material that is filled with gas or hot air so that it can fly through the sky, carrying people in a basket undemeath it (arta ¥ erat ‘Sar ae) He ar aera Fares te tt ast eA belot Gag /noun 1 [U, C] a secret writ- ten vote 1 YAR The union will hold @ ballot on the new pay offer. 0 The committee are elected by ballot every year. 2 (also ballotballot box 86 9) [C] the piece of paper on which sb marks Pra is voting for eras, Hae What per- centage of eligible voters cast their ballots? > ballot verb [T] ballot sb (on sth) Hert AAT 1¢ union is balloting its members on strike action. ballot box noun 1 [C] the box into which people put the piece of paper with their vote on 4aeaT 2 the ballot box (sing.] the system of voting in an election gata 4 Aaa AY Tee People will express their opinion through the ballot box. 2 (also ballot paper) [C] = ballot? ballpoint /'bo:Ipoint'atatig/ (also ballpoint Pen) noun [C] a pen with a very small metal ball at the end that rolls ink onto paper UH WE aes Pech ss ew ag BA ee Pf sit he & fares ert eae ara oe Gee ateveee © stationery we faa 2fac! ballroom /'bo:iru:m; -rom aT -SH/noun [C] @ large room used for dancing on formal occa- sions shtranfeas stadt & fare ast get ae; ave ballroom dancing noun (U) a formal type of dance in which couples dance together using Particular steps and movements 1 sitranfta Ft fr fade ganar are ats aera Fave nr balm /ba:m arq/ noun [U, C] cream that is used to make your skin feel better if you have hurt it or if it is very dry eH, Tae balustrade /,belo'streid @a'3 / noun (cl 4 row of posts, joined together at the top, built along the edge of a bridge, ete, iam, afar balwadi noun (Cj (in India) a centre for looking after young children while their mothers are away on work. These centres are usually run by social workers ("req 4) aart aay are afer Shrttten aiensit % fargsit at tema ar Fz, arearst bamboo /,bem'bu: ,44'4/ noun [C) (pl. bame boos) a tall tropical plant of the grass family, Young bamboo plants can be eaten and the hard Parts of the plant are used for making furniture, te. ata a1 ag, ate aig art Baw ate shy ‘Bae Far feet wetter sary a bamboo chair "> plant yz far afar ban /ben &/ verb (T] (banning; banned) ban Sth; ban sb (from sthfrom doing sth) to offi. cially say that sth is not allowed, often by law Bre aarp ate we afta ar ates eer, sues; ‘The government has banned the logging of trees a 1d Rs 10,000 and banned fro, “in ee > ban own [C] a ban (gq) this office. oto imposelifia ban ie Y ‘ara/ adj. not original or inte, banal /ba'no:! 4 Ard meee “esting rr aT Reererer El; CIT STATE, py ‘banal comment fener foo" na:na @'AAT/noun (C] a curved fry with yellow skin that grows in bat canter ca bunch of bananas © fruit . it ae 1 a (C] 1 (wit or pl band fend @/ noun (C] | ase group of musicians who play popy, lar music together, often with a singer or sin marae creer aitha aat aTeHt Tt STH hy arockjazz band o He plays the drums in a bang, © The band has/have released a new Cp, 2 (with sing. or pl. verb) a group of people who do sth together or have the same ideas #7 ayy wet ara a aaa Reet art ara ar ee, a, eth, AE A small band of rebels is/are hiding inthe hills. 3a thin, flat, narrow piece of mater. ial used for fastening sth, or to put round sth | a, in, a, ras ym art Fre ot She ‘rolled up the papers and put an elastic band” | 4 round them. 4a line of colour or material on sth that is different from what is around it {Tt She wore a red pullover with a green band across the middle. waveband bandage /'bendids '@4fEq/ noun [C] a long piece of soft white material that you tie round @ wound oF injury ara Wa we ater 3 far oh » bandage verh [1] bandage sth (up) 721 ‘ata The nurse bandaged my hand ‘up. bandicoot rat noun (C) a large Indian rat with 4 pointed nose and long tai, whi structive to crops at G it saat & fer sia ch is very de- | ara atat & GRD dena ‘aa / noun [C] a member of ‘an armed group of thieves, k travellers bandobast ~ bundobust bandwagon /‘bendwaegon 2374 / noun imb/jump on the bandwagon to copy what other people are doing because itis fashion- able or successful gait a Zante fart Haft et ara as ae wera & ar aa ah a : ;2 having a lot of skill; good at doing sth arfargera; Fara Shes a very capable teacher. © fact incapable > capably adh. Bareraryas /ka' pesita(r) % AFR2(2) / noun [C] (iechnical) a device used to store an electric charge Pegs aret a are eA Ae SHH HAT /ko'pesati 3 tafe / noun (pl. capaci ties) 1 [sing., U] the amount that a container or Space can hold Feit ot aT Te Ht min | BA aT a, SIH on 1 2 [sing.] ‘@ capacity (for sth/for doing sth); a capacity (to do sth) the ability to understand or do sth ard we ea g 3 [C] the official position that sb has feat aft ar 7 In his capacity as chairman of the council he could do a lot for the street children 4 {sing.,U) the amount that a factory or machine can pro- duce fart arcgrt ar asita Ft sees ara The power station is working at full capacity GAPE! Keip FY/ noun [C] 1 a piece of clothing with no sleeves that hangs from your shoulders fen ata a ae, aT > cloak ef | 2 a piece of high land that sticks out into the sea Hf ar yaar arr at waR Hg ‘ah Tet Ta a; HAN the Cape of Good Hope (apiltary 1k: priori w Frat / noun [C} (pl. capit- ries) 1 any of the smallest tubes in the body that carry blood st &t aaa ret ofer-aterrat ‘ & 1; AAA 2 a very small tube as thin asa hair art % WAM Tae a aed BIT AeA GBPHAN /keeprt!'BEA/ noun 1 (also capital city) [C] the town or city where the government — to death) 2 (us written in the large fo # fer 1 ‘Dheeraj’ begky /'kepttalizom “@ the economic system in which businesses are owned and run for profit by infdividuals and not by the state <> communism, Marxism ait socialism | > gapitalist noun [C], se \ so -ise) /'kepitalaz ‘PfteaTey / verb [T] 1 to write or print a letter of the alpha- bet as a capital; to begin a word with a capital ler ar afta eu; aS Tae a mz a YE FET 2 (echnical) to sell posses- sions in order to change them into money aaa tit FAMT 3 (usually passive) (technical) to provide a company ete. with the monet Feeds to function Heart ate ay BaTairer far gat o> (also -isation) /,keeprtalat'zei{n eae. [ULSAN sth to use sth to your «ivan Sate hake Prince Ha pea capitalize pemnanintes = punishment noun [U] punishment by death for serious crimes tt STreTer 3 fer, JERE «> death penalty si” corporal punish- ment fay, women: ifulert % FreqAE / verb [1] (for- ofa country is RIMM) HET 1 New Delhi is mal) to stop fighting and accept that you have (esuanme 2 [U] an amount of money that you use to start a business or to put in a bank, ete. so that you earn more money (inter onit Ww [C] the large form of a letter of the alphabet eferery % eT aT TB wT (Pastaaett fet A) Write your name in capitals, 4 {C] a place that is well known for a particular thing Waa a aq fagra & form afte eI Niagara Falls is the honeymoon capital of the world. Capital? ‘kept BIG / adj. 1 onnected with lost; to give in to sb ; HH AAT > capitulation /ko,priu lerjn 24 ATA/ noun (C, U] Be APY Bt aT, aT ka’ prifas % f9rq / adj. changing ‘behaviour suddenly in a way that is difficult to pre- dict sere ay aaere H tea sea MT aA A ‘Watas Freer et Pan on a; RAY RAY Capricorn “kiepriks:n Fyfrety / noun (U] the tenth sign of the zodiac, the Goat 40 fa) Kepsikam ‘Safa / noun (C) a Type of pepper which may be green, yellow or Punishment by death 4rqzs-zaeit @UBGpHMAM red and can be eaten cooked or not cooked Th” acrime for which sb can be sentenced ofencecapsize 168 1 wert ‘SUZ / verb (T} 4, oe cop’ sare BYTE! verb (I, T] (used gaptivat (kept ‘antenton 2 OT SS to turn over in the water (aT 1) attr stand pent > captivating ad). ties are H re aA 4g wave capsized the yacht. gar, "ea : capsule /‘kepsiu:! "IA/ mown [C] 1a very oe eapuv "BEA! ad. KEE AS 0 pig, mall closed tube of medicine that you swallow tive’ / ke Is) kept in a cage, Bek eh eer fe Fr er He oer (ose Pe Ty we iguat i ve 2acontainer that is closed so that air, water, te , et, (get ie listening because they a cannot enter Sterde fear fret arg, ater yaa El ae THT not tests) jie to keep Sb as & prisoner Capt. abir: Captain; aposition (rank)in the army = see sainyher to escape Pret a ag. ~ eq, wae (#8) and tal to catch sb and hold him/her captain’ /‘keptin @q27/ noun [C] 1 the per- = “Fon Who is in comménd of ship or en aircrat take SY am aaa a a1 OI ox, rershet a Raat Bar eer ea; A 2 a person a Fea sb prisoner Sir take sb prisoner who is the leader of a group or team fameit FH aT car aft seit fa oT AATF za a; BAA Who's (the) captain of the =A am 5 IC) a pri Indian team? 3 an officer ata middle level in the captive? /'keptv ‘afta / noun [C] a prisoner army or navy 21 # Wo we ar aia; Fetal, e ‘id kerf %/ noun (U] the process or state of being slowly destroyed eit-et, r Br at wfarar ar feerfar; ar orladecay © Haeoldy foes no erie sigaoldee® Decean noun [C] 1 a vast peninsula in India, south of the river Narmada reat # sefer =e -aftror # fener wen Faget aerate 2 the entire plateau region of south-central India between the East- ‘em and Western Ghats J-foli eft adv. Ba a> noun {u] /at'sicy '@ta/ verb (T] deceive sb/ yourself (into doing sth) to try to make sb believe sth that is not true Gear, afte arAT He deceived his mother into believing that he had earned the money, not stolen it. *> deception 3I— decelt noun 2a | December /di'semba(r) f8'@474(2) / noun [U,C] (abbr: Dec.) the twelfth month of the year, com- ing after Novemberatt #1 aneat HéT (AdaT a are aI ra); Feeae wer art ara aah at apeeit grat ear &, eum fet January x tz afer | decency /‘di:snsi Seg / noun (U) moral or cor- rect behaviour farz sTaeT She had the decency to admit that it was her fault agent: ssnt SR=/ adj. 1 being of an accept- able standard; satisfactory ie, se A Habe waa a cecenajab ith decent omg 2 (used about people or behaviour) honest anddeception fair; treating people with respect (@ft a azar) Saree site afte, Te 3 not likely to offend or shock sb matty, Tater sa fara Bt ATT TA Lean t come to the door, I'm same ere & dressed). © faci Inde- cent > decently adv. greftaat dr sepfnf'qg4/ noun [C, U] mak- ing sb believe or being made to believe sth that isnot true ater 8% 41 frat He had obtained eo Papers by deception. «> deceive verb 1 ive /dr'sepuv f8'Sqfea,/ adj. likely to give a false impression or to make sb believe sth that isnot true Bay, wm, Gitar 8 aIgT The water is deceptive, Its much deeper than it looks. > deceptively adi. weyt She made the task d deceptively easy. “dest-' $4 / prefix (used in nouns) one-tenth eat AT a decile ecibel /‘desibel ‘Ray noun [C] a measure- ment of how loud a sound istafy-dtaar at aT sang, faa Mecide /di'said fae / verb 1[I, T] decide (to do sth); decide against (doing) sth; decide about/on sth; decide that... to think about two OF more possibilities and choose one of them @ A fire Foret ae fare ame re aT TO aT There are so many to choose from—I can't de- cide! o She decided against borrowing the ‘money. 2 (T] to influence sth so that it produces a particular result Fria sem, fare CH Your votes will decide the winner. 3[T| to cause sb to make a decision fiyea Ww ue What finally decided you to leave? «> decl- sion noun si decisive adjective 3&7 | decided /a1'saidid f'aTEFE/ ad). clear; defin- ite ere; FRAT There has been a decided improvement in his work. «> undecided 2fear | > decidedly ad: fiver a7 a deciduous /di'sidsuas fA! adj. (used about a tree) ofa type that loses its leaves every autumn (ge) frat wtad saws ona ® fra i afert ast ¥ © evergreen zfar | decimal! /'desim! "Eft adj. based on or counted in units of ten or tenths zara Gat 3 az, cH or ae cist A PAE tenting The figure is accurate to two decimal places (shows two figures after the decimal point), ay “desi! BRHA/ (also decimal trag, eotnal/ eens ics) a fraction tha, ton) noun [C] (mathemat ic hown as a decimal point followed by the nyyy, si ber of tenths, hundredths, etc, 23TFrq Three quarters expressed as a decimal is 0,75 ©» vulgar fraction 2a | pattie al poitit now [C] 4 mark like a full st, a separate the whole number from th tenths, hundredths, etc. ofa decimal, fore, umple in 0.61 F sai ‘desimert '3f@Ae/ verb [T] (usually ‘passive) to kill large numbers of animals, plants or people in a particuldr area 474 3 Yai, thai ay eget at at dem A A aT MH. rabbit population was decimated by the disease, 2 to badly damage sth or make sth weaker Fight Bt eaten yaaa WEI AT ST FE aT decimetre (Am decimeter) /‘desimista(r Sete noun [C] a unit for measuring length, a metre targa} St aang, Up tte a cat fee; Seinfter sarfo(r) F3'ATEH(Z)/ verb (7) to succeed in reading or understanding sth that isnot clear me (1—) der a ve Fer a WA, BEATA BEA Mts impossible to decipher his handwriting. “4 decision Jar sisn fF Fae/ noun 1[C,U] adeci- sion (to do sth); a decision on/about sth; @ decision that... a choice or judgement that you make after thinking about various possi- bilities Frefa, Fave Have you made a decision Jet? 0 I took the decision that I believed to be right. 2 [U] being able to’ decide clearly and quickly eateat site sigan & via ar fag apc Hane with We are looking for someone with decision for this job, «2 decide ver’ 2a | decisive /ar'saisiv fs’ arefigg /adj. 1 making sth certain or final rma at SPE the decisive battle of the war Thi aving the ability to make clear decisions quickly ancy att staat a Fah a Mga AT WAM It no good hesitating Be decisive. © TAT indecisive « decide verb G1 > decisively adv. frntas ave % > decisiveness noun (U) Frotg-errat GOCK idek SF! nown [C] 1 one of the floors of 2 ship or bus Saat at we a ae ht aire, ‘S% © plane w fart farm 2(4mE) = pack! 6 a deck of cards omideck on the part of @ ship which you can walk ON OURide TAIT BH we (ore apex zea Wed #) I'm going out on deck for some fresh at: j | | | | pen Riaceenscanee—- at ceteenennes —EEEPeople, especially in schools fae, aT, Tae affective /rtekuwv x'trefea/ ad). 1 successfully primar 7. secondary, higher, adult education 0 She received an excellent education. » educational (Font -SF/ adj. Frere, RH an educational toyhvisit/experience el fi: &/ noun [C] a long fish that looks like a snake aig at nual, attr “Sonos ‘rari "SRY ad). strange and Fait ote ares, weitere an eerie nowse > oétlly adv. A SR = & > @eriness noun [U] fart sr sheeasat yp 4 fe1s €'BE/ verb (T] (formal) tpmake) disappear; to femove sth (Pre aq =) ae or, fer Sa aT eer Ba he @ffect /'fekt ¢'FAe/ noun 1 [C, U] (an) effect (on sb/sth) a change that is caused by sth; a result SH, GOTT the effects of acid rain on the lakes and forestso Her shouting had little oF mo effect on him. Despite her terrible experi- ence, she seems to have suffered no ill effects. © after-effect cit side effect 2ftsr er affect aeFte AT 2 [C, U] a particular look, sound or impression that an artist, writer, ete. wants to create haar, Tae one BRT afer Pafane ea-eT, eaft ar SeTI How does the artist create the effect of moonlight? o He likes to say things just Jor effect (= to impress people). 3igtfects [pl.] (formal) your personal possessions “ea TT ae aft, aT ‘gome into effect (used especially about laws or rules) to begin to be used (fastaa: art a Prete oe) otrer a4 rT, ELST STAT Jin effeet 1 in fact; for all practical purposes TET, HAAS; rT wht arts Fre Though they haven't made an official announcement, she is, in effect, the new director: 2 (used about a rule, a law, ete.) in operation; in use (Fa, rea fe) #, aaET 4 The new rules will be in effect: im next month, effect 1 (used about a drug, etc.) to begin Producing the result that you want ote wart SIT BE TA; HAIMEH a medicine that is effective against the common cold o That pic- ture would look more effective on a dark back- ground. © fait ineffective 2 real or actual, although perhaps not official aRaferw (sat & ae anftaitte a #) The soldiers gained effective control of the town. > effectiveness noun (U} rarer effectively /1'fektrvii z'afeafe/ adv. 1 ina way that successfully produces the result you wanted wurcicara fe & She dealt with the situ- ation effectively. 2 in fact; in reality aTeTa 4; aemel: 11 meant that, effectively, they had lost. effector /1'fekta(r) 'HaZ(2) / noun (C} an organ or a cell in the body that is made to react by sth outside the body sréq an aim ar atfarat ray (arfre-arer feear at) wfafemen erat = effeminate’ femmot z'Sfr4z/ adj. (used about a man or his behaviour) like a woman (Eq 3 ‘goo ar sree) erat ae, feria, aor effervescent /,ef>' vesnt, mm AEZ/ adj. 1 (used about people and their behaviour) excited, enthusiastic and full of energy (SH @HE sie Saat ST) SI, SHEP si Satat 2 (used about a liquid) having or producing small bubbles of gas (Fa) Fra mae ara a Grae Sa A ‘aia > effervescence /,efs' vesns WHAT! noun {U] efficacious / ee kerfos, aft arg / adj. (formal) (of things) producing the desired result (44) waders, aria, HET They hope that the new drug will prove especially efficacious in ‘relieving pain. © aia ettective efficacy /'cfikasi wire / noun [U] (formal) the ability of sth like a drug or a medical treat- ment to bring about the results that are wanted feet sitafer ar fataetia cree A suriteareaat The efficacy of the drug should be evaluated beforg Joxmching it in the market. to work: to produce the result you want (zara) efficient (fifa x Frarz/ adj. able to work well aR BEA TAT; Sree ware SAT 7) tic took effect immediately. 2 (used about a law, etc.) to come into operation (RA Mnfe a) AP] Boa, wart at oT faim ‘michigh to this/that effect with this/that meaning tat Ur er ste 25 ATT Fa AT TA RE J wold him to leave her alone, or words to that effect. The ceasefire takes effect without making mistakes or wasting time and energy rr secretary is very efficient. © You must find a more efficient way of organiz- ing your time. © Frat inefficient > efficiency A fijnsi = {noun (U) ree zea, » e artegereranys Sttigyy si / noun [C| (pl. effigies) 1a statue of a famous or religious person or a godeffluent (aferecar ena: sats ar dyer a) aff 2a model of person that makes hinvher look ugly (Fee 25 ‘BART AA ATA) IAT The demonstrators burned a crude effigy of the president. effluent /‘cfuant ‘TERS / now [U] liquid @GB. Waste, especially chemicals produced by factor- ies Faeroe: rear ar cer Slot cist '352/ noun 1 [Uy the physical or ‘mental strength or energy that you need to do sth; sth that takes a lot of energy Sa i Se og cee ard frat aga ate 380 ay eggplant /‘egpla:nt ‘GAZ! (AME) ~ aud), noun {C, U) the gine f eggshell /‘eg{cl ‘se e the hy utside part of an eg fica, o ‘igau ‘fit/ noun [C] (pl. €GO8) the (goq, ) “opinion that you have of. yourself ) a (Gea) fray area, egocentric / adh thing. /iegav sentrik, St SRK ing only about yourself and not what other peop. need or wasy Teartt, THE © Waa selfish xzam'SitEA;€9- TE / (also egop. am Figo EAE, 25-ST)nowr yy 2{CHMD trinking about yourself too much; thinking ta, Something that is done with better or more important than anyone you are bet difficulty or that takes a lot of ene Ase areare Ie ETT, ret at ae ota a Sra Ser eerat > eBIBYY ‘gauss FI; 'eg.'gy. (also, .goutist €9- WE) nown ho are egoisis RRAA/ aaj. neetihAte T hate people w! 2goist oF no effort so th: casy GET, 8a, joo stk Si FaReR/ (also SGOMD Fes, Peas OG. /i:' dis €1/ abbr: for example saree eR Popular sports, e.g. football, tennis, swimming egalitarian /i geet teation fer Saft! adi adv. TAS (used about a person, system, society, etc.) following the principle that everyone should have equal rights (safes, wore, want ont) wats fa egg" leg TH/ noun 1 [C] an almost round object with a hard shell that contains a young bird, rep- tile or insect (Wet, a at #8 ay) sist «> insect wi fea afar 2 [C, U] a bird's egg, especially one from a chicken, etc. that we eat 4aft 31 sizt (festa: ect an) st era ara ‘#8 boiled, fried, poached zr scram: bled fay or aad #1 31C} (in women and female animals) the small cell that can join with a male seed (sperm) to make a baby (feat sit Her oysit #) sf ore RT eer Fee arte a D put all your eggs in one basket to risk everything by depending completely on one thing, Plan, tc. instead of giving yourself several possi. bilities arate &t Fase oe quicer Fike zea 09g? leg I) verb 99 sb on (to do sth) to Encourage sb to do sth that he/she should not do TRC aes ar fare feet at sea £99 CUP nown (C] a small cup for holding a boiled egg saan sist vay ar ata aT ga ‘ustik] $9 eRe; eg-"G-/) a Sere eh fei &/ exclamation (BrE informal) 1 used for asking sb to agree with you at @ S44 @ ema, ‘ATT & fire a ‘Good party, ch?’ 2 used for asking sb to repeat sth 38% 4 ae wey 3 fare sa PR ae ont arr ctewr ‘Did you like the film?’ Eh?" ‘Tasked if you liked | the film!’ Eld (also Id) noun (C, U} any of several Muslim festivals, especially one that celebrates the end of a month when people fast during the day (Ramadan) & a alter 2eight- (used 10 form compo, of sth 3S (ga, ae eight-sided shape wunds) having eight ne) aren, sre /9Rt=- an eighteenth /,c1'ti:no,u' [8th Sere ai © sixth oz Sereen ef | eighth’ feo 124/ noun {C] the fraction 4 one of eight equal parts of sth fist JK, Meat sist eighth? ‘eut0 (221/ pronoun, det, adv. 8th meat at sixth I Sereeor Shean ‘4/ pronoun, det, adv, ] | | |“fermas ‘Hy / adj. famous (for sth) ‘well known to many people SR@mey far# irr ora are & fare att qgamous singer o Banaras is faam- _ ous for its saris. «> Intamous si notorious 2ferr | famously /'fermasli'Syft/ adv. in a way that © is famous fas aie (aafes ar eq) wfere Bre the words he famously uttered just before he died get on/along famously to have a very good relationship with sb fare afte % are ares ae eat fan" (fen $4/ noun [C]_1 somebody who admires and is very enthusiastic about a sport, a film star, a singer, etc. Feit feaarét, sift, TIE one ar see wate football fans o Hes a Hrithik Roshan fan. o fan mail (= letters from fans to the person they admire) 2 a machine with parts that tum around very quickly to cre- ate a current of cool or warm air faaeft #1 Wat an electric fan 0 a fan heater 3 an object in the shape of a half-circle made of paper, feathers, etc. that you wave in your hand to create a cur- rent of cool air SMM Me & aAt ees aT VAT ? /fen HI/ verb [T] (fanning; fanned) 1 to ‘make air blow on sb/sth by waving a fan'3, your hand, etc, in the air VGPARATShe used a news paper to fan her face. 2 to make a fire burn more strongly by blowing on it Gl 5 AMT FT SETA The strong wind really fanned the flames. fqnioe tqpprendion si epalier fanned qub across the field. Eons te ‘noun {C] a person who is very enthusiastic about sth and may have extreme or dangerous opinions (especially about religion or politics) exam (Fastact: eof ar Tara fanaa) religious fanatic 0 She's a health-food fanatic, © 2h fiend at freak > fanatical /-kli BRT / adj. HEX He 5 fayatical about keeping things tidy. » fanaticall i fet / adv, BET > fanaticism /-tsizam fw / noun (U] Eee fan belt noun [C] the belt that operates the machinery that cools a car engine a1 it &R 3% an aoe arch aha at aeTTAT ean “Bafa / verb [T] (pres. part. fan- eying; 3rd person sing. pres. fancies; pt, pp fancied) 1 (BrE informal) to like the idea of having or doing sth; to want sth or to want to do sth Fagg arer at ariraeeet aera eae; ase (ae aT BI) Bt aE TEA What do you fancy to eat? I don't fancy going out in this rain, 2 (BrE informal) to be sexually attracted to sb ita drareftten stat Brem Sem (a) think he fancies you. 3 (as) sth to think that you would be good at sth; to think that you are sth (although this may not be true) SH ARS APTANA TAT cd 7 B) Hefancied himself (as) fancy? /'fensi' Safe / adj. not simple or ordinary pir eave ererer i fate My father doesnt ike fancy food. 0 Ijust want a pair of black ‘shoes—nothing fancy. fancy? /‘fensi fafa / noun b's fancy to attract or please sb ret afte 31 gs re aT you see something that takes your fancy I'll buy it for you. take a fancy to sb/sth to start liking sb/sth feet afte ar ae at Tae EA TTA Lthink that Leena s really taken a fancy t0 you. fancy dress noun (U] special clothes that you ‘wear to a party at which people dress up to look like a different person (for example from history ora story) Wt # gaa ary att Page shee FA cafes Pret ora ora at ee Shear &; Feit Sat was: Children’s Day and everyone went in fancy dress. fanfare /'fentea(r) “Baka! noun [C] a short loud piece of music that is used for introducing, sb important, for example a king or queen 7] regret re fetes eas 5 are aT Afra HLA TAT ret eA; Tet AE fang /fen $¥/ noun [C] along sharp tooth of adog, snp=y etc. i, wit amie ar aar ata tentaagtle -ise) /'feentosarz’ FZAEW/ verb [I, T] to imagine sth that you would like to happen Herat ara &r at He liked to fantasize ‘hat he had won a gold medal atthe Olympics. fantastic fen etic Fe Baa! adj. 1 (infor- mal) very good; excellent Gq A; SHE She's fantastic swimmer. 2 strange and difficult to believe fafeer sit afasaaia a story full of fantas- tic creatures from other worlds 3 (informal) very large or great agq zt a aif A Rolls Royce costs a fantastic amount of money. » fantas- tically /-kli fet / acy. afer ait saPaserertra o a fantasy /‘fentasi 'Sefe/ noun [C, U] (pl. fan- tasies) situations that are not true, that you just imagine areas Sefeateat, eater aga a re a fantasy about going to live in the Bahamas. o They live in a world of fantasy.fanzine /'fenzi:n 'SApiF/ noun [C] a magazine that is written by and for people (fans) who like 1 particular sports team, singer, etc. fey, mers auf 3 waters At faoht ofer ar SAH fee santana SRT FAQ /ef e1'kju:, 0% 8'1/ noun [C} a document on the Internet that contains the most frequently asked questions about a subject and the answers to these questions €eetz VW Star WaT AE-TT. ‘Frere Pett freer oe ager yw OTT aTet WET (fre quently asked questions FAQ) ait Sb SH RT. at far" /f0:(0) ¥1()/ adj. (farther /'fa:da(r) HC)! or further /'f3:8o(r) ‘%5%(2)/, farthest /‘fa:dist ‘waftez/ or furthest /'fs:dist ‘HRZ/) 1 a long way away; distant Ba Lets walk—its not far. 2 (only before a noun) the largest dis- tance away of two or more things @ at sift aeqsit Ht siftrram EE the far side of the river 3 (only before a nown) a long way from the cen- tre in the direction mentioned (Fifét fear ¥) Bz ‘@ aI politicians from the far left of the party far cry from sth/from doing sth an experience that is very different from sth/doing sth fare sree aeg arcane 8 area arteres Pir ory far? /fa:(r) ¥1(3)/ adv. (farther /'fa:5a(c) STE) / or further /'f3:80(r) ''F5(2)/, farthest /'fa:dist ‘gafRez/ or furthest /'ts:dist "ERE/) I (at) a distance % Jaipur $ not far from here. o How far did we walk yesterday? o If we sit too far away from the screen I won't be able to see the film. o 1 can t swim as far as you. o How much further is it? ea oe # far ar sete fateraraa ote wenaree arerit H eer & 1 are eter a at a long way @ watt eat 8—Its a long way from here to the sea. BS Wei F ahaa et farter aor ater & vig area wo eAreTeTs era B 1 Far a watt Gat & BapAT B—Lers ger a bus 115 much too far to walk. 2 very much Eq sifere Shes far more intelligent than I thought. 0 There® far too much salt in this soup. 3 (to) a certain degree we #ta (=) How far have you got with your homework? © The company employs local people as far as possible. 4. long time 4@a ®t 7 We danced far into the night (0 the place mentioned but not further Faféee tart a Ie ATT (GOS MFar to behave in a way that causes trouble! faraway /fa:rawer'SEHa7 adj, (only before BEV) 0:5 HF! noun [C} 1 something import : used for giving YOUr opinion ¢ judgement of @ situation Rate = a rec aa 243 fore TH AB far ‘know, she's not coming, nut I may be 7 eSofar as school workis concerned, he hy < fess. o As far as I'm concerned, this i the may important point. 0 AS far as 1 CAN 3€6 they, dent was Raju’ fault, not Radha’ as far as the eye can see t0 the furthest pj, you can see Facet fee Ra TAT, (Eiilar (used for emphasizing comparate stiperlaive words) by a large amount at Kamran is by far the best student in the clay, far from doing sth instead of doing sth (gy ae) & aa, & BT Far fiom enjoying the film, he fell asleep in the middle. far from sth almost the opposite of sth; not at all Peer arer& aeTeRT Serer, THT AEE He fay ‘from happy (= he’s very sad or angry). ‘ar from It (informal) certainly not; just the opposite aera ai, Sa TTA FAUT Did you enjoy your holiday?” ‘No, far from it twas awful.” few and far between «> few 2a | y This food won Zo very far between three of us. 2 to be suc- cessful in life OF upsets other people tat sraeT ae fF wears et ore, dha 8 arez aT Hes always naughty but this time he gone too far. SIME oi) retin ie well until now noun) 1 (written) a great distance away 4 BI He told us stories of faraway countries. 2 (used about a look in a person’s eyes) as if you are thinking of sth else (afte a aitat ar feeit ore ate Hy; arqerae, aferaT She sta out of the window with a faraway look in her eyes} or serious that is not organized well or trea with respe matt arGARE /gerz 7H / verb [1] to look time &¢ a feer gite & dea, REG TTT She sar ‘at the window gazing dream- “ily into space. > gaze noun \sing.| Wem ie BARVtHe Jo 2015 32 noun{C) 1 anofficial news- © Paper containing important information about decisions that have been made, people who have Published by an organiza- WIE 2 a word used in the been employed, etc tion titles of some newspay Sage GDP / <. vices produced in 1 wear Fe Ber cr ae a she fr ‘TE Sara Sasi aT Her AT <> @NP efeay | gear’ /gro(t) Fr3i(2)/ noun 1 [C} the machinery ina vehicle that tums engine power into amove- ids ATE Bl FE TAT HS erdsre 8 Free Mose cars have four or five forward gears and a re- ment forwards or backwat aredt ort ane at oir ay verse. © bicycle 1 fra éfamm | 2 [U] a particu- lar position of the gears in a vehicle arer# frat Bt fate Rea frstseconditoplreverse gear 0 to change gear 3 {U] equipment or clothing that you need for a particular activity, etc. farat Pista ort & fore orifare uae at TET camping/fish- ing/sports gear 4 {sing.] an instrument ot part of a machine that is used for a particular pur- pose fata sea at warn waft saa a ye the landing gear of an aeroplane © gear? /gio(r) frst(2) / verb Gear sth to/towards sb/sth (usally + Passive) to make sth suitable for a particular pur- “pose or person Peet aeq at aft faa ar ster Rate & styGe AAT There is a special course geared towards the older learner: (for sb/sth); gear sb/sth up (for sby/ bs ell ready or to make sb/sth ready =f at 2) Rear aan ee ar at tare eT ) (GBaRBOR /’giaboks'fsFataa/ noun [C] the metal 1) case that contains the gears 1 of.a car, etc. 1% ame ar Pravda | G@BPNBVEP (4mi gear shift) noun (C] a stick 4 that is used for changing gear’ in a car, etc, 1% a fre acert ait B= © car W fers afer 41988 asi: t/ exclamation (AmE) used for expressing surprise, pleasure, ete, Sa, TI-TT 1) ome ane aa 3 fare so Figeese > goose a1 plural = steadily for a long ‘tt &'Et/ abbr. gross domestic Product; the total value of all the goods and ser. @ country in one year rat general’ 499 Geiger counter gaia kaunta(r) Temas (2) ‘noun (C] a machine used for finding and meas- uring the rays that are sent out by dangerous fadioactive substances ¢feat-atea qarat & ‘reset fea eoit a a eet re a a sf GEN A301 Fq/ noun [C, U] (usually compounds) a thick substance that is between a liquid and a solid Tagemrgr ware (ga afte ata ate a), Sr, ‘Get hair gel o shower gel TS gratin /ésctaun' Fae! (also gelatine ? /dzelatin ‘eez/) noun [U] a clear substance without any taste that is made from boiling ani- mal bones and is used to make liquid food set ‘aaelt at afgedt at saree aren ar we Uresit swe fra ee iter weet at ret 3 Fre ras rat ‘Siren 8; ete, Fara gelignite /' dselignan' AferTaTee / noun [U] a substance that is used for making explosions ‘Aeiteat at art & fery ga vere, SferrTee eM /dsem A/ noun (C}' 1 a jewel or precious stone %7, €R 2 a person or thing that is espe- cially good Spe afte ar TG ‘Gemini /'dgemmar' Sf / nown [U] the third sign of the zodiac; the Twins afram # draft ‘afar Fraga aft Gen. abbr: General; an officer in the army SFT, arte vata Gender /dsenda(r) AI (2)/ noun (C,U] 1 (for- mal) the fact of being male or female Fou at et arr, fit © ata sex 2 (grammar) (in some languages) the division of nouns, pronouns, ete. into different classes (masculine, feminine and neuter); one of these three types (@B HTaTSH #) Hart, wear onfe a (gfe, Aten, aaieesfein) Ronfen, ori 8 ag ea; fai Jdgisn A! noun {C] a unit of information Tiside a cell which controls what a living thing will be like. Genes are passed from parents to children afore & siaz te arte it Pret atta eraraen a freitaa aca 8; ait, sits arer-ftar a ‘Gra Haat aH GMa F © genetics 2a | dsenrolQGieey adj. 1 affecting all or most people, places, things, ete. ait ar siferaert ati, ari, aeqeit onfe @ dae, arava, aera, Fridges were once a luxury, but now they are in general use. 0 the general public (= most ordi- nary people) 2 (only before a noun) referring to or describing the main part of sth, Mbt the details frat eq a er oter (=P fara) a tet ae‘at Your general health is very good. 0 As a general rule the mast common verbs in English tend to be irregular, 3 not limited to one subject or area of study; not specialized famett tm fama ar creet-a aes Sere el; Fare fafa at art 7B Children need a good general education. © The quiz tests your general knowledge. 0 a general hospital 4 (usually in compounds) with responsibility for the whole of an organization ‘api ater} aes ava a general manager 1 in most cases; usually sfteniart:; AMI In general, standards of Ingione are good. 2 as a whole a FARE I'm interested in American history in general, and the civil war in particular. general? /‘dsenral'4¢q/ noun [C) (abbr. Gen.) an army officer in a very high position @4T 4 wa vatrant; ort ¢ general election noun (C] an election in which all the people of a country vote to choose a gov- emment ae gra fred aor grt & fare a TikT Hee ait; SIHT FATA «> by-election zac | generalization (also -isation) /,dgenralar'zerjn 7 noun (C, U] a general statement that is based on only a few facts or examples; the act of making such a statement at Treat site wareeoit ae orente area aaa, Fre, ART aT BT ATT You can't make sweeping eneralizations about French people if you've only been there for a day! generalize /‘dsenrolawz' dq taTeH,/ verb [1] generalize (about sth) to form an opinion or make a statement using only a small amount of information instead of looking at the details abt germ & sere ae (a fe eae rae) aa aT a eT generally /'dsenrali TF / adv. 1 by orto most people sift aaftrat ar at & fant He is gen- erally considered to be a good doctor. 2 usually APTA She generally cycles to work. 3 with out discussing the details of sth fat aq & aint We aal fr faa Generally speaking, houses in America are bigger than houses in this country. general practitioner = GP generate /‘dsenareit 'T4Z/ verb [T] to produce or create sth fardt aeq at Serer ar Prato aRAT to generate heat/power/electricity Generation /,dsena'reifn, F4'TA/ nown 1 (C] “ll the people in a family, group or country who were born at about the same time fait gftarz, career ater sit os Sra A fete, Should ookafer the planet for future geno Te © This photograph shows three Seneratin, family (= children, parents and grandpa, - Le ecarnian ‘fem rey), [§si13 Generation = UTA sity cay aera rear 3 AT Ma Fee ore e_ younger generation only seem/seems 4, ‘interested in money. 2 [C] the average time that children tay, Ps grow up and have children oftheir own, yy” ally considered to be about 25-30 year ay street oraftr fare wed aS St ot = St ay srar-Rra at ae &, ae Tae ATTA 25 49 aad a ari oft BA generation ago fore travel was still only possible for afew people 3 [U] the production of sth, especially hea, power, etc. faret aeq (fasta arg, Fra one) SET the generation gap noun (sing. the differeng in behaviour, and the lack of understanding, between young people and older people 3q SHR Tat SHrETT sie aire AT aT a generator /'dsenareita(r)'F7%(2)/ noun [cy machine that produces electricity Fram gy wet art agin, Stet generic /dso'nerik a'Af%%/ adj. 1 shared b including or typical of a whole group of thing ~ not specific ot Fret aye St AH seq a ATTY a srer wifataferas a; afafare 2 (used abot product, especially a drug) not using the of the company that made it (@té senfta 4 ‘asta: shat fore ve Frater ait ae a > generically /d3o'nerikli 3 ma generosity /,dseno'rosati_ Saale / noun the quality of being generous Serer GENEEOUSY asehtas Farg/ adj. 1 happy to gi more money, help, etc. than is usual or ex aor srveenfiaet ey A 2 larger than usual avert @ afer, FH a gend ous helping of pasta > People gave very generously 10 of” appeal iegit homeless (GRRESIS" s5ena318 FAFE/ noun [sing.) the beginning or origin of sth (Fait we genetic dso neuk 412%; / adj. connected ith fear, genes or with genetics ‘aa Fae,547 hand (sb) over to sb (used at a meeting or on the television radio, telephone, etc.) to let sb Speak or listen to another person (farat aur, Sehr coretane nf a) fart gat at ae Bat ar gat a ara aT 2a hand sb/sth over (to sb) to give sb/sth (to 15 eae a a ee em Baap were tricked into handing over large sums of money, hand sth round to offer to pass sth, especially food and drinks, to all the people in a group aE} wh weed at are oie fa vers ont wee % for are sit ; handbag /‘hendbeg '®21/ (AmE purse) noun {C] a small bag in which women carry money, keys, ete. (aféensit arr 8&, anftat sate & ary an) tsa, a handbook /‘hendbok '®34%/ noun [C] a small book that gives instructions on how to use sth or advice and information about a particular subject 3g Fite gfterar; tage handbrake /hendbreik 'F=3q/ (AmE emer- gency brake; parking brake) noun [C] a device that is operated by hand to stop a car from moving when itis parked a aifera fee at Ta Bar at ae a dant 8 Bede, a A ae - 8M ae ae © carn fea afer handcuffs /‘hendkafs @3HFH/ (also cuffs) ‘noun (pl.| a pair of metal rings that are joined together by a chain and put around the wrists of prisoners tet handful /‘hendfol '=ga/ noun 1 [C] a hand- ~ ful (of sth) as much or as many of sth as you can hold in one han ees? [sing.] a small number (of sb/sth) i a &8 ae Only a hail of poole Se ee (informal) a person or an animal that is difficult to control arg, Bee A Ty handgun /‘hendgan '8"r4/ noun [C] a small gun that you can hold and fire with one hand ep ee & wert are BT eH; CST Handicap’ /‘hendikep ‘@4fS%q/ noun [C] 1 some thing that makes doing sth more diffi- cult; a disadvantage qr, sara; wfergcta Wor speaking French is going to be a bit of a handi- cap in my new job. 2. disadvantage that is given toa strong competitor in a sports event, etc. so that the other competitors have more chance feet Ser A wat fresh & fare Pratt aiageraT i fea afm gat Peart at aiftes sraee Pret (GARGIEBEE /‘hendlba:(r) * 3 (old-fashioned) = disability GEIB ora ¥a 31% By STA AAT TAT handicap? /‘hendikep'@4fe%4/ verb [T] (handicapping; handicapped) (usually pas- sive) to give or be a disadvantage to sb Prat & fee ang area ferger eta ar erga Ger aaa They were handicapped by their lack of education. handicapped /‘hendikept '#4f8@@/ adj. (old-fashioned) = disabled oa TE TATA AAT SAAT & 1 handicraft /‘hendikra:ft S4fsanez/ noun 1 [C] an activity that needs skill with the hands as well as artistic ability, for example sewing EqIae ‘me emer ere ae fear (Stet eirar faery); rafter 2 handicrafts (pl.] the objects that are produced by this activity eeafarer @ #4 SrA handiwork /‘hendiws:k '@af%/ noun (U] 1a thing that you have made or done, especially using your artistic skill ae Steet & AE FT, ‘She put the dress on and stood back to admire her handiwork. 2a thing done by a particular person or group, especially sth bad fag afte ar at aT fear art (ae: Fe AA), TAT handkerchief /‘hankot{if; fist ener; TH! noun [C] (pl. handkerchiets or handker- chieves /-t{i:vz -2iteq/) a square piece of cloth or soft thin paper that you use for clearing your nose (4S AT SMTA a) Bate WSS afer sritranftas a % hanky athankie Bc Uta ‘0a % Saat 4 paper handkerchief at tissue a aed &1 1d ETAT (CA) @ handful of handle" /‘hendl &4q/ verb [T] 1 to touch or hold sth with your hand(s)\@eReeeD Stee? 2to deal with or to control sb/sth' a Fafa ae have a problem at work and I don't really know how to handle it. > handler noun (C)@iSIGaIsT baggagelidog! food handlers handle? /‘hend! 'S4¢q/ noun (C} a part of sth that is used for holding or opening it: Pe Set aq a ain ot sa ort ar Get a Bra GRICE NARACCAOPERED ap’ ° ap {BD fly off the handle «> fly’ eam) (2)/ noun [C, usually pl.] the metal bar at the front of a bicycle that you hold when you are riding ithandioom ares & ret opr Sor (WAN ea AAT eT est ‘amet #); Reerare © bicycle W fax 2et : noun [C] a machine for weaving cloth, operated by hand q&a am at aia fr Brey TTT TAT hand luggage (AmE carry-on bag) noun (U] a small bag, etc. that you can keep with you on a plane fama ara H are way aT eT ATT handmade /hiend'meid 2-3'%¢/ 4 heard ay hand and of very good quality, not by mact wea 8 OF @) an oie afta, wets (GARAOUP Fen daut'teaTEz/ noun [C} 1 food, Money, etc. given to le who need it badly nee teres 2 = document that is given to a lot of people, to ad- vertise sth or explain sth, for example in a class fersrort a afte & a aren & fare ETA aH (St ar 3) Frege afer var fea CaS hand-picked aaj. chosen carefully or person- ally araartt & a ea gat rar handrail /‘hendreit 't-¢tq/ noun [C] a long narrow wooden or metal bar at the side of some steps, a bath, ete, that you hold for support or # balance eifgai a Rate oe art cial Bett ‘weed Or ae ar Sar (Ae aT aga & fre), eT handset = receiver! J'haendjerk '233e%/ noun (C} the action of shaking sb’s right hand with your own when you meet hinvher fart ot gat aifts @ art ever Frat handsome /‘hensam'474/ adj. 1 (used about a pe (Gea) sank, Get © beauti- ful We tz &feer | 2 (used about money, an offer, etc.) large or generous (Bra, He one) at at Fa handsome profit » handsomely adh: zee BY & Her efforts were handsomely rewarded. (BRAS adj. learnt by doing sth yourself, not Wishing sb else dvs acco ( GBRASHANG /‘hendstend F<) noun [C) a movement in which you put your hands on the ground and lift your legs straight up in the air ret ay oy oe Tet Stet a A Soe set ay Sioa, writ & wa saz ws ea a Bear REMMI perce ‘Ree / noun [U] @ person's style of writing by hand aft 4 548 dnt ERE ag handwritten /hend st 4 by hand, not snes or printed FT fay /Neghai' tA / ad). (handier; hy, 1 useful; easy t0 5 Sa po a Handy gadger » sth) within easy reach (for sthidoing of arty ; Free eatthand for meee. J Sk ing uur hands or tools to make oF Fepair thing, Peegt wat a GAT FB is vey around the house. oars qt a handyman /‘hendimen ‘ay own (sing 1a person who is clever at making or repaig things, especially around the house that a (Pastor: ae TTA BH) TAM AT ATA hang’ Inzen 8°S/ verb (pt, pp hung /hay z= /) META (past tense) Se HT Fee (past participle) hanged #1 9401 aa set yeq 24 dare! 1 [1, T] to fasten sth or be fastened at the top 50 that the lower part is free or loose fat aq a wea, Sr ar Ga mee aT ZH / left washing hanging on the line all day. 0 A ci ette hung from his lips. 2 {T} to kill sb/yo by putting a rope around the neck and allowi the body to drop downwards fare @ 9a Bar. wet & GR aATAT He was hanged for murder 3 sth) to stay in the air in a Way that is unpleasant or threatening &4] 4 ea ware do rer fret wart ar ara IBD be/get (aboution sb/sth) to think about sb/sth all the time in a way that is not healthy or good # mae to be useful at some j (spoken) to have courage and keep trying, even though a situation is cia difficult afearg % vet, GRE (informal) to stay in or near a e not doing very much aIgEaR@) AANGIBACK 1 10 not want to do or say sth, often because you are shy or not sure of yourself (sf or afer & 7) GAT ay| «ARE stostreta() "FRAZE(D)/ mown [C]_ imagine ' medsrs@lAD) ver? (1) 1 imagine ‘aperson who draws or paints pictures f te, Fee Me a Fee rkert we fae am: Gama Mustrious /lstrios vata, (formal) and successfil afta site erat Pm fam oY) > Lam ar eer BT im- prefix > in 2a image 'rmids “gfrq/ noun [C] 1 the general impression that a person or organization gives to the public ais a det i eh E 2a mental picture or idea of sbysth safes ar aeq a aTaRes fet aT GRD! have an image of my childhood as always sunny and happy. 3 a picture or description that appears in a book, film or paint- ing geen, rer ar Reset ange at 4a copy or picture of sb/ sth seen in a mirror, through a camera, on televi- sion, computer, ete. 24ft ar eq Tze H fat (at 3 mem & ar Sef, BET eT) A perfect image of the building was reflected in the lake. o He’s the (spitting) image of his father (= he looks exactly like him). ‘gftraft/ noun [U] language that produces pictures in the minds of Or reading or listening W6% 4 ‘aire a are Rt sare; Ra-FIAM poetic imagery able /1'madsinabl gfe / adj. that ‘you can imagine racer aera arora, wr, feiartta Spruti made all the excuses imaginable when she was caught stealing. o His house was equipped with every imaginable luxury. imaginary /"'medsmneri ‘gift? / adj. existing = only in the mind; not real a 7 i, grareates Many children have: imaginary friends. /ymedgr nerf. afr aqa/ noun 1 [U, C] the ability to create mental pictures © a wart at has a lively imagina- J wmidgari new ideas array, CATE BIT He tion. 0 She's very clever but she doesn! have mich imagination. 2 (C] the part of the mind that uses this ability #oTaTap 1 you use your imagination, you should be able 10 8168. the answer.» imaginatively adv a. native /i'madsinotv 1 ferated adj. hav- ~ ing or showing imagination ae 4 3, serarsitt She's always full of imaginative ideas. ‘that... Imagine sb/sth (doing/as sth) to form ‘a picture or idea in your mind of what sth/sb might be like Fat aa ar ae & Pre # ge a er Fer ar er Fees aE ‘area aaTatUmagine that you're lying on a beach. oI cant imagine myself cycling 20 kilometres aday. 2 to see, hear or think sth that is not true or does not exist 3744 She cere eit dent, get oie are Paar HF ata aT oer ‘e's always imagining that she’ ill but she’s fine really. 0 1 thought I heard someone downstairs, but I must have been imagining things. 3 to think that sth is probably true; 10 suppose aera fa are aa ar # imam noun {C} 1 the person who leads prayers ina mosque S74 2 Imam a title adopted by various Muslim leaders $477 imbalance /im belons ‘ei aFW/ noun (C) an imbalance (between A and B); an imbalance (in/of sth) a difference; not being equal arte ara 7 8, GI imbosi:l'ZHaete/ noun [C] a stupid person gg mats © et BED IME /,avem’ef 91 G3 abbr: the Intemational Monetary Fund arated face Fafer imitate ‘miter ‘gdz/ verb (7) 1@BIGonymAE (@Getiwwiou sb sth et & sneer AY HAT HCT: STR BE i (Gieinpares. 2 to copy the speech or actions of sbisth, ofien in order to make people laugh af a ag & att TI ES aa on HT (ara: ait at dart % fre SMBoMaaeser imitation /.1m terfn,g% 297 / noun 1[C]acopy of sth real Fare areas aq At wings TE Some artificial flowers. are good imitations of wine 2ftr | 2 (U] the act of A aA BEA Good is best learnt by real ones. ‘* copying sb/sth ater ot pronunciation of a language jmmitation, 3 (C) the act of copying the way sb talks and behaves. especially in order to make people laugh ari & ae te yo we 21 Fea ae (a se) you do any imita tions of politicians?immaculate Fp EBLE mets ve Begg / ad) - belt fectly clean and tidy iM whe shire 2 wit ty abe pee ql performance of ‘Gandhi was Eocaise proscar Jama’ tioriol ,5H' festfestel | adj. A) immaterial (to sb/sth) not important yEcrery 4H immaterial 1 me whether we go today or tomorrow. immature /,ms'tjoo(e) e'Zya1(2)/ adj. 1 not fully grown or developed aifaafaa; staftvea an immature body 2 (used about a person) behav- ing in a way that is not sensible and is typical of people who are much younger (safes) aTertt "7 ait ort @ G2 chit Ser sae at ara, TABMTT F be ST AAT I think he's too imma- ture to take his work seriously. © farit| mature immeasurable /1' mesorabi eAaeqa/ adj. (formal) too large, great, etc. to be measured Seria, srefefit, IIe 10 cause immeasurable harin © Her contribution was of immeasurable importance. » immeasurably /-sbli i ads. afer av Sees Homing mae have improved immeasurably since the war. -immediacy /'misdiasi 'sifSaif&/ noun [U] the quality of being available or seeming to happen close to you and without delay aifariaen, saa, aeerferear ar area Letters do not have the same immediacy as email, Ammediate /'misdiot s "Hz / ad). 1 happening or done without delay aa &4 ar feat art are, aeprt Ho; sifaeta Md like an immediate answer to my proposal. 0 The government responded with immediate action. 2 (only before a noun) existing now and needing urgent attention srt &r site sreTaRTE Tell me what your immediate needs are. 3 (only before a noun) nearest in time, position or relationship #4, eared ar sae at gfte a Prazat They won tmake any changes in the immediate future. 0 He has left most of his money to his immediate family (= parents, children, brothers and sisters). immediately /'mi:diotli = *iftsreft / ad. con Lat once; without delay qa; Ie Can you come home immediately after work? 0 I couldn't immediately see what he meant. 2 very closely: directly aga freer 4; at He wasnt imme- diately involved injjpe crime, 3 nearest in time or position Wa A eat a ge & feeay, ir diately EH Whos the girl immediately in f, Shiva? o What did you do immediately gp war? 4 (BrE) as s00n a8 2 BT open letter immediately | got home. h A'mens €'#°/ ad). very big © greg er immense diffculiesy tance/power 0 She gets immense pleasure er garden. A immensely /i'mensli € 3°! adh. extremes : Mery much TAREE; TET FAT inmenseh enjoyable : immensity /:'mensati ¥' 77H! noun (Uy aq ~ gxtremely large size STHTETT PITT she immensity of the universe immerse /'ms:s ¢'"74/ verb [T] immerse sth “(in sth) to put sth into a liquid so that it jg covered Patt ae wr za Et AE SAT Mate sure the spaghetti is fully immersed in the boiling water. 2 immerse yourself (in sth) to involve yourself completely in sth so that you give it all yourattention feet art ¥ yet ae ay ‘Bt Gat Rakhi’ usually immersed in a book, immersion j:'ms:jn "43 / noun [U] 1 immer- ~ sion (in sth) the act of putting sb/sth into a liquid so that he/she/it is completely covered; the state of being completely covered by a liquid Pat ae BH Fa A oft ae Sar at ST Pe; za A are ga at at fealty, Pro, Saat Immersion in cold water resulted in rapid loss of heat 2 immersion (in sth) the state of being com- pletely involved in sth (Paeft aart 4) yet cect, {Ph GAA a two-week immersion course in French (= in which the student hears and uses only French) Ammigrant /imigront 'sFZ/ noun (C} a per- son who has come into a foreign country to live there permanently gat @31 sqrax aét ward eT ¥ aah are eae, TIA The government plans ‘o tighten controls 1o prevent illegal immigrants, © London has a high immigrant population immigrate /‘imigrott'sitz/ verb [1] to come to five permanently in a country after leaving your own country STWar (EB ‘Immigrate’ frat = ee Seer va ae 2H ela & 1 BT ATHATAT ‘be an immigrant’ ‘Ul ‘emigrate’ ea @ fear watt ga ea Fea ear & wel & oar oer B—My parents emigrated 10 this country from Jamaica. *> emigrate, emigrant itt emi- gration 2a |gets oer 8 a sera (Pre: re er if), aa <> Du afer /‘dgokjala(r)' aaa) / adj. (formal) ‘humorous or amusing. ‘OT rer Jar comment 2 (about or of a person) enjoying making people laugh (2iftt) afeeraget jocular in nature > jocularity /,dsokjo'leerati ste ate / noun (U] 5 Jodhpurs noun (p.] special trousers that you wear for riding a horse Faaret & Pater aTaT Joey /"a3oui ‘sig noun [C] a young kangaroo or wallaby 16 a1 areca & Feat «> marsupial fe afar _tJoa! /d30g AT! verb (jogging; jogged) 1 [1] to tun slowly, especially as a form of exercise CaRAAR tee, fate: arr 3 we H Wena arena ar siriz % fet jogging (ez) 5 (1, T] Join (with) sb in sth/in doing sthito do sth; join together In doing sth/to do sth to take part with sb (often in doing sth for sb else) fave a are aifrer at (ser: Pave & ere BE aA A gee @) Everybody here joins me in wishing you the best of luck in your new job. IG Join forces (with sb) «> force! 2fer | in (sth/doing sth) to take part in an activity Pre afatater a arcs # st eat Every- one started singing but Firoz refused to join in. join up to become a member of the army, navy “BrarTorce erate, Arar ar anger Het Beat jOin? /dzoin StET/ noun [C] a place where two re fare fixed or connected a& art wet @ aegait at Geran ar sits ra %; sits He glued the handle back on so cleverly that you couldn see the join. at aa act a at afte wafer witt ® go Joiner /dsomna(r) aitga(2)/ noun [C]aperson who Jegging—I go jogging most evenings. 2 [T] to push or knock sb/sth slightly fait afr OT Fey A aS A LEH A HEFT BI He jogged ‘my arm and I spilled the milk. [BD jog sb’s memory to say or do sth that makes sb remember sth eft aa eat a BT eer fae ate are ATE ST SAT jog? /d30g F/ noun [sing.] 1 a slow run as a form of exercise aH a @4 Hi Hg aia at ats; fit She goes for ajog before breakfast. 2aslight push or knock @ereet SRT a S27 jogger /'dsoga(r)'aFT(z)/ noun [C} a person “who goes jogging for exercise =rarH & fer, #a in! /dsom sifeq/ verb 1 [T] join Ato B; join A ‘and B (together) to fasten or connect one thing makes the wooden parts of a building Prt wee & ooh ara Reet a TA ara heh, wee > carpenter &far | joinery, /‘dsomori'atgAf/ noun (U] the work of a person who makes all the wooden parts of a building (a joiner) or the things made by him/ her age I rT Joint! /dgoint Z/ noun [C] 1 a part of the body where two bones fit together and are able to bend sig at ae sit Get aT WH at ae wat deat & cite As aah & Sie, HIG the place where two or more things are fastened or connected together, especially to form a comer ae eM wel a ar aftes aegt wa are durch aT agdt %; wie3 a large piece of meat that you cook whole in the oven Tht ast garET a Vasomnt GIEZ/ adj. (only before a noun) to another (ee Fg & watt ae @ aera an em gra aT HELA AT TeTAT TAT & a joint of lamb The Channel Tunnel joins Britain 10 Europe. Coin) ‘© The two pieces of wood had been carefully Joined together. 2 I, T] join (up) (with sb/sth) to meet of unite (with sb/sth) to form one thing or group (fart aft ar aeq @) Pract a eat UH I M HIE FAM Do the two rivers join (up) at any point? 3 [T] to become a member of a club or organization fret Fat a HET BT AST art, ¥ anita BT! ‘ve joined an aerobics class. © He joined the company three months ago. 4 [T] to take your place in sth or to take part in sth fae ore ore Sar aT ArT aT We'd better go and join the queue if we want to see the fib »me downstairs and join the pay ie Ey teen tea | leperepse SET) Seo joist asaist ae / noun strafed or owned by two or more people @& at afra ait ét anit ar enter aren, aa, Have you and your husband got a joint account (a shared bank account)? 0 a joint decision > jointly ac, ign eT [C] a long thick piece of wood or metal that is used to support a floor or ceiling in a building wart # get or oat a ara are EL AT IG AT waa oe aLJoke’ © FORBK 500k 5/ nown 1 [C} something said oF done to make you laugh, especially a funny story BHM are aig aT ar aH (fata: BE Rafer ae), qeqaT, AMET fo tell/crack jokes o.1'm sorry, I didnt get the joke (= understand it), * Joke @ferr1 2 [sing.j a ridiculous person, thing or situation Bree sas, we, ar oR, WAN The salary he was offered was a joke! (BH play a joke/trick on sb to trick sb in order fo amuse yourself or other people att at aT it a Sart & fo fat ara mate aT See the Joke to understand what is funny about joke or tick was & Har sigr at ar AAT take a joke to be able to laugh at a joke against Yourself ee se wre ee AME We Ba AEAT The trouble with Prateek is he can't take a joke. Joke? /aso0k site) verb {1 1 joke (with sb) (about sth) to say sth to make people laugh; to tell a funny story ait a tart & fac cid FET, LHI GM, TEMG ger AAT She Spent the evening laughing and joking with her old friends. 2 to say sth that is not true because you think itis funny a yet ara aeat (ag aA Bt AH aT FFA) 7 never joke about religion. © Dont get upset. I was only joking! IED you must be joking; you're joking (spoken) (used to express great surprise) you cannot be serious (safe omer ann art fore war) ome Hara ax ae E at ae ara ae at a aad Joker /"asooka(r) ‘Sir (2)/ noun [C] 1a person who likes to tell jokes or play tricks tat afer foe eae aver ar att ae aR ae oie i, wanfeean, faite eat, rae 2 an extra card can be used instead of any other one in some card games (aa #) ret At wa a aaa seth ett ara cafattee ae, sitar Jolly /‘dspti aif adj. happy Ber, TARA Yor 300lt FFE/ verb [1, T] to move or make sbi sthmove ina sudden rough way STIRS 25 Fat AL A@ELEA The lorry jolted along the bumpy track © The crash jolted all the passengers forward. Jd3o0lt FT / noun [C, usually. sing] er sudden movement 8231 The irain stopped with a jolt. 2a sudden surprise or shock 397314 Smerd ar aan, HTAARa STEN His sudden anger gave her quite a jolt ‘fpsties asost / verb 1, T] to push hard ceases Lr aT 19; jotted) Jot /dsot aife/ verb (jottins Ena ZH jt sth down 10 make 8 quick oes ae ae es down your address. ot Joule sul At! mown [C1 in PCS) areas ; ment of energy or work? 7 (shee 3) ot am BY AGT A BATS, TA © Kilojoule ty, Journal /'égp:nl ‘Sra! noun (C] 1 ve eee ‘or a magazine, especially one in Which aye | articles are about a particular subject or profes | sion warareTa aT ER, PRINT | vp Pr faser ar Sie W BF; HG a mediogy } scientific journal 2a written account of what yoy | have done each day 9c FH 3 2 Feast, aor, eA, sett Have you read his jourmay of the years he spent in India? *> diary =e Journalism /dss:nalizam SAF / noun (U the profession of collecting and writing about news in newspapers and magazines or talking about it on the television or radio afer (ar aA, area ar Beare aera a aa eT dea an Seif sree eat oe Saat Tat ay aay journalist /'d3s:nolist' Taf / nown (C} ‘a person whose job is to collect and write about s in newspapers and magazines or to talk about it on the television or radio Area aT Sirmrsit & defers arate daa Be ara at efter seen eat we oar at ae are as, FRI © reporter 2am | journey /'dss:ni'A/ noun (C] the act of travel- “Ting From one place to another, usually on land Uh Ra & Tat eas at TT (ge: wit 1), aH 4 two-hour journey o We'll have to break the top for arest). «> travel we az aft | jovial /'dsouviat sitfaarq adj. (used about a Person) happy and friendly (ftp) wert sir firxaer bey disor TE/ noun 1 (U) a feeling of great iappiness 24, Beh, MAG, rH We ‘like 10 wish you joy and success in your life together. 2 {C] @ person or thing that gives you great pleasure 2H WIA BH are ay a ae, Mica ah AI FRY the joys of fatherhood o That class is joy to teach. 3{U\(BrE informal) (used in ques- tions and negative sentences) success or Satis- faction AAA aI HAPS ‘asked again if we could have seats Witt Wore leg room but got no joy from the check-in clerk. [EI jump for joy ©: jump! fer (EIN b's pride and joy «2 pride’ zferr(Rea are afe, Kind Torte ster ® efter Those kind of dogs are really dangerous, Hike all kind of music. 1 78 ® AF seit, That kind of dog is really dangerous./Those kinds of dogs are really dangerous, 3° I like all kinds of music. Kinds of & are wert ‘an (singular noun) at ‘agree Gat (plural noun) ST Wett &—There are so many kinds ofcamera/cameras on the market that its hard to know which is best. on informal) used for describing sth in a way that is not very clear enz-at aa a1 ada or ae & fre gam aR, bs BWR Shad a kind of feeling that. oe ‘go wrong. o There's a funny kind of smell in here. kind of (informal slightly; a litte bit Fae5-8T; BISA I'm kind of worried about the iniersiow Ofakind 1 the same get ae HT aI &, ter Sar AT ste The friends were two of a kind—very simi- far-in so many ways. 2 not as good as it could be gaa rear aéf fircar at aarar 8; gre wet You're making progress of a kind. Kind? /kaind 18-¢/ adj. kind (to sb); kind (of sb) (to do sth) caring about others; friendly and generous TawanA; fra ohe Gare Bveryone’s been so kind 10 us since we came here! 0 It was kind of you to offer, but I don't need any help. © fact unkind kindergarten /‘kindoga:tn' fs / noun [C] a school for very young children, aged from about 3to5 div & ufa ad at ong & aed ar ‘qi; fseTET © nursery school eft | kind-hearted adj. kind and generous Zag ait Tae a " Kindle /‘kind! 'f&qgq/ verb (1, T] (formal) 1 to start a fire or to make something start to burn IAT AT MT vo kindle a fire 2 to make sth, such as an interest, emotion, feeling, start to grow in sb or to get sth started Sean, "raaisit anf at feat afte # cers em a her friends who kindled her interest in readin; Would you kindly wait a moment? 3 kind and friendly ara, afte fire iKindness /'kamndnas'a1g-=44/ noun [C, U] the quality of being kind; a kind act @argjat; queen, prince ait princess 2faz | 2 one of the four playing cards in a pack with a picture of a king ast & Tat ¥ ‘ALME the king of spades «> card % “te 2fat| 3 the mostimportant piece in the game of chess that can move one square in any direction srt & Ga ¥ cee a tee kingdom I'kundom'f¥Z4/ noun [C] 1a coun- ‘try that is ruled by a king or queen Wat at Wt ‘ane anfert a1, EE” United Kingdom 2 (tech- nical) one of the three traditional divisions of the natural world, larger than a class or a phylum safest 3 ta vicates frat # a um (at aera’ ar sige’ & ger eta 2) finn, SPIT the animal kingdom kingfisher /‘kinfifa(r)'feefHar(z) / noun [C] “ysmall bright blue bird with a long beak, that catches fish in rivers dat ata are Bret asta tran weet afta & eet wast 8); Stee, eatin king prawn noun [(C] a small shellfish that we eat and that becomes pink when cooked at ay Bret stents (Gt we oe Tara Gt A a oe 2), aft sft raat, ener OS gréttian reer at & aft eet 81 wei twas king-size (also king-sized) adj. bigger than usual ATT & aE, MeL a king-size bed Kindling /‘kindlin fa=fer=/ noun [U] thin small kink /kink f%5/ noun (C] a tum or bend in sth Pieces of wood used for starting a fire STFT ArT Haat way PAMELA, se The nurse smiled kindly. 2 (used for asking sb to do sth) please (Pret at Be Bet by wet & far wage) ga aes, FT that should be straight (Tit onfe ateht aequit #) ter a aa Kindly /‘kamdii'ane-sf%t/ adv, adj. 1 in a kind kinship /‘kinfup Fargfarq/ noun (literary) 1 (U the relationship between the memlagrs of the same family BRAG the ties of kinship 2 [U, sing ] a feeling of being close to sb because you havesimilar attitudes or characteristics WI YW rar 3 Be BAT They felt a kinship withthe local peasants. Kiosk /‘ki:osk'#tsiteq/ noun [C] a very small shop or stall in the street where newspapers, sweets, cigarettes, ec, are sold WE TH ET WE Tar set sreaT, Prareat aie Prat & ete aR, Kipper /‘krpa(r) 'f4(2) / noun (C] a type of fish that has been kept for a long time in salt, and then smoked (ap Waar @ Het Fre 2x ces TA Hate a car amar & atte Aix are are kiss /kisfirq/ verb [1, T] to touch sb with your lips to show love or friendship "1, Gat FEA He kissed her on the cheek. o They kissed each other goodbye. » Kiss noun [C] 4 a kiss on the lips/cheek kit! / noun 1 (C, U]a set of tools, equip- ‘ment or clothes that you need for a particular Pig SF purpose, sport OF activity TaaT-Faay, & Peat nin & Fre aR SAME, SRG * rat a1 ae; fre, SIHOH ATE 21001 kit og y kit 0 football/gym kit 2 [C] 8 set of party ether in order to you buy and put toB make aed eat gH GOAT AT FE, Pe i a model aeroplane it? ft FQ/ verb (kitting; kitted) ‘kit sb/yourself outup (inhwith stp), give sb all the necessary Clothes, equipmen tools, ee, for sth Fa a re Pt ag aot ores FHS, STECT nf Gar kitchen, /‘kitfin'PoFH/ noun (C] a room whey food is prepared and cooked THI, Tear 5 usually eat in the kitchen. Kite! /kast 412% / oun [C] a toy which consists, “Tight frame covered with paper or cloth, Kite ‘are flown in the wind on the end of a long pieg of string 44, T= 10 fly a kite rolling pinlarynx /lermks ‘aRea/ noun [C] the area at the top of your throat that contains the muscles that move to produce the voice (vocal cords) ma BT Se arr fred caft-cerea aletfgrat art 8, %, MTT © Taha voice box © body qa epiglottis 1 fir ef) laser [lexza(r) 'H(3)/ noun [C) a device that produces a controlled ray of very powerful light that can be used as a tool aaftrs afta aT St gras Pet sa at att afi freee uae & aH oft weer et ae & ae laser printer noun (C] (computing) a machine that produces very good quality printed material from a computer by using a controlled ray of very powerful light (a laser) #qex & 9st te ‘aaferet Hors, are filer = WASH ees Bq/ verb 1 (1,7) (used especially about ind, rain and storms) to hit sth with great force (ea, asf site sitet a) fant aq a sik & ea, (B88 FTE Bre rain lashed against the windows, 2 [T] to hit sb with a piece of rope, leather, etc.; to move sth like a piece of rope, leather, etc Violently Fat a ats ara; Pett aq (Cait aT ‘Was Br She amie) Bt Ae @ feet aT ETAT 3 (T]ash A to B; lash Aand B totie two things together firmly with rope, et Br TR mie aA aTET Me two boats were lashed together. lash out (at/against sb/sth) to suddenly attack sbvsth (with words or by hitting him/her! it) Bett Seema (aha srt & vere *) The actor lashed out at a photographer out- side his house. lash? fle} @3/ noun [C] 1 = eyelash 2 a hit with a long piece of rope, leather, etc. (a whip) ae a ar lass /lees A/ (also lassie /lxsi'@F/) noun (C] (informalya git] or young woman agar at gaat Lass a Aad sis waa eteds site att dts FEI lassi noun (U, C) a traditional Indian drink, sweet or salty, made by blending yogurt with water, sugar or salt, and spices like cardamom, cumin, etc, THT lasso /lx'su: 4'4/ noun [C] (pl. lassos or lassoes) a long rope tied in a circle at one end that is used for catching cows and horses ¥sit vast & fee gw cts we ach At Tat ‘z, TI > lasso verb [T] FAs a Ba THEA ta Mast AN/ det., adj., adv. 1 at the end; lerall the others aig a, sifery, aad ag, siet December is the last month of the year. 0 Our house is the last one on the left. She lived alone for the last years of her life. used about a time, Period, event, etc. in the past that is nearest to the present afta a ama, wate, azar ane ait caters & Frazee &; Raat, Rroeh, free ar feet “ARC last night'week/Saturday/summer o The last time I saw her was in London. o We'll win this time, because they beat us last time, o When did you last have your eyes checked? 3-final sifert 4 (only before a noun) not expected or not suit- able fara satan = &t a sit ue 4 Bt soTeNfaTe ar seEw He’ the last person I thought would get the job. » adv. 33 # Lastly, | would like to thank the band who played this evening. © vaia finally the Tastinext but one, two, etc. one, two, ete. away from the lastinext Faget ar sre # = wm, & oft SIM FT live in thenext house but ‘one on the right. 0 X is the last letter but two of the alphabet (= the third fetter from the end). first/last thing © thing @ferr | have the last laugh to be the person, team, etc. who is successful in the end sfett: afte ae afte ar tr eat have, etc. the last word to be the person who makes the final decision or the final comment ae cafes Star faraamt fret ar feorott iter et in the last resort; (as) a last resort when everything else has failed; the person or thing that helps when everything else has failed ora ote aie Te aa; ae Ah aT ae St TT Hera Bt aa oT MH sara fae a Te a last but not least (used before the final item in alist) just as important as all the other items (3 a oifea He at daha HET A yet Ga) TaAT a ores Rar oT a last-ditch attempt a final effort to avoid sth unpleasant or dangerous aif¥a ar aca fear ae ar oie sore the lasvfinal straw «> straw @ferc | the last minute/moment the final minute/mo- ‘ment before sth happens fare area % afeet er & geet 1 aT fers AT We arrived at the last minute to catch the train. 0 a last-minute change of plan Fast? /lo:st GZ / noun, pronoun | the last (pl. the last) the person vor thing that comes orhappens after all other similar people or thingsge aaftrat ar ae at TT 3 ie sae RL Arvind was the last to arrive. {IGE The latest 1 sref & ae AT aT AAT The last at sed & atery BH WAT (-fet) —His last novel was a huge success, but the latest one is much less popular: 2:the last of sth [sing.] the only remaining part or items of sth Pret aq & Sate aera ear ‘at HE We finished the last of the bread at break- “fast so we'd better get some more. at (long) last in the end; finally 3 sia: Afier months of separation they were together at last last? /la:st aZ/ verb (not used in the continuous tenses) 1 linking verb to continue for a period of time GB FAT aH aT TEA, AT, I TE The exam lasis three hours. © How long does a cricket match last? 0 2 {1, T] to continue to be good or to function Stay ere # Tear AT AT aA ‘Wem, Papa aT A GAT Do you think this weather will last tll the weekend? o Its only a cheap rradio but it'll probably last a year or so. 3{1,T] to be enough for what sb needs arate & Fer ‘Wats BMT This money won't last me till the end of the month. crit ar frat a er arate at (continuous tenses) 4 =f eran craft. eeent -ing Je Ada FAA (present participle) BT @ Vale wae &—An earthquake lasting approximately 20 seconds struck the city last night. /"la:stun'AAAEZ/ adj. continuing for a long time 2 wa wet are; (Fert) Rare The museum left a lasting impression on me. last name = surname «> name % =z 2fac) Aeetf &4/ noun [C] 1a small metal bar that is used for fastening a door or a gate. You have to lift the latch in order to open the door ware ar te ae met & fare vam arg Pattie ‘ate, orien, 2 atype of lock for a door that you open with a key from the outside aTet aA ara eH Fe gene FI ave; Besa ATT, (ase) aa lateh /let{ 7I/ verb ‘on (to sth) (informal) to understand a, srt at at ie sth took them a whileto latch on to what she was latex / leiteks 42% / noun [U] 1a thick white talking about, late /let 42/ adj.,.adv. 1 near the end o¢ “rime ws ae w SO 3 FZ; ate afternoon/summer/twenticth cenp, mother’s in her Tate fifttes (= betiegn 60). 2after the usual or expected time: creatine HH AE; PAI F She wa op utes late for school. 0 The ambulance too late to save him. 0 10 stay up late 3 end of the day 4 & 3ie & FE 1th geting let’ go home. 4 (only before a noun) no alive: dead oa ott TE; REAM his le yi an early/a late night © night fer, later on at a later time 1% ¥ Later on probably wish that you'd worked harde, ‘school. o Bye—l'll see you a bit later on, sooner of later «> soon @fat latecomer /“leitkama(r) 24%)/ noun ( "Person who arrives or stats sth late 2 any at ge wet TT, See /'tertii'@efet/ adv. in the period of time ‘until now; recently ae 3 Wer i wt What have you been doing lately? 0 Hasn} the weather been dreadful lately? latent /‘lertnt'AZz/ adj. (usually before a noun) existing, but not yet very noticeable, active or well developed Pant Wa WH aT afer ae, YEU latent defects/disease o latent talent > latency noun (U] aT lateral /‘letoral' 427 / adj. (usually before a. noun) connected with the-side of sth or with movement to the side fret aeq a ared @ ar ot ait atte aft & ean, safes; she lateral branches: ofa tree o lateral eye movements > laterally adv. 94 Br i A tenust'AREZ/ adj. very recent or new A aT STEP the latest fashions/news othe terrorists’ latest attack on the town © last we eens the latest noun [sing:] (informal) the most re- cent or the newest thing or piece of news ar ar SPAM FEY At TATA This is the very lat- est in computer technology. o This is the latest in a series of attacks by this terrorist group. St no later than the time or the date méntioned frféee art ar aa % are aE, Ak, geal need to hand your projects in by Friday at the latest. FesarTAos aM ae seabe MO Bown 8 SS 3. Sed led liquid that is produced by some plants and trees731 5 [T] used with money, amt se are are erat 3 eer aS Howe ‘much do you think he makes (= earns) a month? o Sand 7 make 12. 6 linking verb to make shy sth become sth; to have the right qualities to become sth Fe ai aT ay at EE eat Sor, we 7S foe oA made (= given the job of) President. o You can borrow some money this time, but don't make a habit of it. 7 linking verb to become sth; to achieve sth &e aq aA, ate TT re a AAT 1'm hoping to make head of department by the | time I'm thirty. 8 to manage to reach a place or 80 Somewhere fit ea WT Et GT oT at 8 STAT We should make Jaipur by about 10pm. of can't make the meeting nexi week. th to use sth that is not Sood enough because nothing better is available SMF BHT BAT yf we can't ger limes, we'll have to make do with lemons Me Itto manage to do sth; to succeed aE BE 4 _ (foe a) are Bho She Ul never |) make it as\an actress. © He badly injured—it + looks like he might not make it (= survive) | make the most of sth to get as much pleasure, | Profit, etc. as possible from sth Pratt ae TT (A mere sifera smitt ae SAT You won't | get another chance—make the most of it! | Make & a7 act amr sift 3 | fire, Satie eansit oft Paro a waar | fr, make amends & fat amends 2far | | for sb/sth to move towards sbisth | feat eates ar aq af site ae | make for sth to help or allow sth to happen fait jaa # meres eter ar ang are AF Ba Arguing | all the time doesn't make for a happy marriage. be made for sb/each other to be well suited to sbleach other &t zaftrat a uma & fine aya | BT Javed and Alisha seem made for each other. | make sb/sth into sb/sth to change sb/sth into | sbisth fit cafes ar ag a Peat ora ar # feat | BT She made her spare room into an office. ) make sth of sb/sth to understand the meaning | or nature of sb/sth Fret aafes at aq & ofa ar JPR Bt AAA What do you make of Kabir’s ‘letter? [ree con Sth) (informal) to leave or es- CaP in a hurry, for example after stealing sth Ranh Aa ter ot Fea aera (sere & FT FRB FIR) Simeone s made off with my wallet! numbers and time a, ~ eon minenehast gfoundersand sbisth Prat as a ‘ero (Pe age: ae & ar gar eat just cant make him out. 2.t0 be able to see ot hear sbsth; to manage to read sth Ft aes a1 a 3 er ar gH we, fet aq at WG et oT OAT WHA BY AMAT could just make out her signature. make out that... ; make yourself out to be Sth to say that sth is true and try to make people believe it fa are at eer APT aT ate anit & “it Gar & Ara He made out that he was a millionaire. 0 She's not as clever as she makes herself out to be. ‘Make (yourself/sb) up to put powder, colour, «tc. on yout/sb’s face to make it look attractive 2% BH tears aay & Fee gee TERE, fe TAT Jake sth up/ to form sth feet ar Prater eT e different groups that make up our society 2 to invent sth, often sth that is not true 3B 4G WA (ert, Fert Ake) so make up an excuse 3 to make a number or an amount complete; to replace sth that has been lost (&ft arch) Pret Fae Wen a aa a IT ae sa afer a Oe aT We need one more person to make up our team. ™make up for sth to do sth that corrects a bad situation Pe ait at ger ase & fer ys aReAT Her enthusiasm makes up for her lack of experience. make it up to sb (informal) to do sth that shows that you are sorry for what you have done to sb or that you are grateful for what he/she has done for you (gat & fa) arth wach ar (arg af) eS rae FH AAT You've done me a big favour: How can I make it up to you? make (it) up (with sb) to become friends again after an argument S13 are Te St AAT aT aT ‘WAT Has she made it up with him ‘yet? make? /merk #/ noun (C] the name of the com- pany that produces sth fa aeq ar Gees aT arth ert 31 aT “What make is your televi- sion?” ‘It's a Sony." (EI on the make always trying tomake money for yourself, especially in a dishonest way, rar art & waa H wea (Pater: Bear B) The country is being ruined by politicians onthe make. make-believe noun (U} things that sb imagines Or invents that are not real GeraT, et, Zr maker /' meika(r) #42) / noun [C} a person, com- pany or machine that makes sth fet aq = Frater cafes, ait ar asia a film-maker o If it doesn't work, send it back to the maker. 0 an ice cream makermenkfift'gfanez / adj. made to be used for only a short time until there is sth better RATA, AAA makeshifi shelters of old cardboard boxes Make-up nour 1 [U] powder, cream, etc. that you ae face to make yourself more attractive. Actors use make-up to change their appearance when they are acting (2 #4 safer ort TPT & fave wa) ores, ae anf reared, oferta softener 3 aaa omega, aera & fare ger ah BRA E to put on/take off make-up *> cosmetic’ ‘Tal make (yourself/sb) up far) 2 [sing.] a Person’s character afi 31 aftr He cant help his temper: Its part of his make-up. Making /merkin ‘AE / noun [sing.] the act of doing or producing sth; the process of being made 3U_aG ay gant at flea, ee TA HT ‘fat breadmaking o This movie has been three ears in the making. be the making of sb to be the reason that sb is successful feet ates at avraar Hare ‘BAT University was the making of Priyanka. have the makings of sth to have the neces- Sary qualities for sth fret aeq # (Reeth eT aq %& Frain & fara) ovtfere ar ear The book has the makings of a good film. Mal- mee! #q/ prefix (used in nouns, verbs and adjectives) bad or badly; not correct or correctly Foe aT a AAA, vo a ath malnutrition o maltreat Malabar noun [U] the region lying between the Western Ghats and the Arabian Sea in southern India. Also known as the Malabar Coast, it is famous for its tropical forests (fm ara #) Ae, we commen a a fre wha & maladjusted /‘melodsasud ‘Havafe / adj (used about a person) not able to behave well with other people (aft) Fraat siti @ a4 + ae, Eris, gerrafir malady /‘malodi Aaf® / noun [C] (pl. maladies) ‘T (formal) a serious problem sta site wir 2 (old-fashioned) a disease or an ailment malaria /mo'learia ¥' ASST / noun [U] a serious “disease in hot countries that you get from the bite of a small flying insect (a mosquito) 227 tat a free art bie anit ot ra F aT & ert &; saftar > malarial adj. waftar deel 4 malarial mosquito male /meil 4q/ adj. belonging to the Sey, “Tot give birt to babies oF produce g Con ee arate “aN goat oa male model/nurse "> mage” ¢, female 1 *tz 2/1 > male rou eh male of he species has a white ry“! malformation /,melfs: meijn &, " “Foun 1 [C]a part ofthe body that jg ng, 9 i f cory aN 8 HE AT ERT To 3g faghe, see foetal malformations » uy state of not being correctly formed fag aq eam, # fafa malig /'mels 'BfeA/ noun [U] a wish a other people gett a AMAA tis: qa caterer, gufget > malicious /ns'ijo.3 aaj, Pah, Gata “P Malicoug gataarya (BI with malice aforethought (‘ech the deliberate intention of committin, or harming sb Prat & fet airdt-raht ae malign! /mo'lan WA verb [1]. (form Bag especially in a unfair manner a ifaes_feigt ace Al ae malign? /ma' before a noun) causing harm or harmful aire, aft a malign effect malignant /mo'lignant 9'frTTe/ adj. about a disease (cancer) that spreads inthe oF @ growing mass (a tumour) cause( disease) likely to cause death if not cont (ae or fat a & are TH Tite) fare Svat 8 aff ae freifaa a at aa, are @ malignant brain tumour, & Frat beni Mall /mel; mo:1 4a, Hfey/ = shopping malleable /'meliabt ‘fara! adj. 1 (1 al) (used about metals, etc.) that can be Pressed into shape easily without breaki cracking (art snfe verd) fare te ar smart & wat at wat ® fant Sab 2A YS; SETA aeFa, feat 2 (used about ideas, etc.) easily influenced or changed fram safe) ot rarit & waft ar ‘HE > malleability /,matio'bilati, Afra noun (U] secant, reat mallet /' melt “fez / noun (C] a heay hammer aed 2 wt eater, Hert fest @fem |797 fret & Freee ATA 44 last we were nearing the end of the project. Aeartay /,r10'bar,FRSt'aTE/ adj, adh. not far awe indistance (Fema &t ete @) siftre qx afi, ee. RATA new restaurant has opened nearby, o We went out to a nearby restaurant, Faaer & ev Nearby tae dsr & WR aa B warty M "vali “FISI adv. almost; not com- Pletely or exact! yarn $f ee a Ferg A ar ag, aabla-aatta [15 nearly five years since ._ [’ve seen him. o It's not far now. We're nearly there. (BE not nearty: KAess than; notat all #=agit Peeper ah 8 fs nor nearly as warm as i ‘was yesterday, near-sighted — short-sighted 1 Meatyni:t “tz/ adj. 1 arranged or done carefully; tidy and in order Please J om mete ‘neat rows of figures (used about a person) liking to keep things tid and in order WAS TATE! « neat solution/explanation/ idea/trick 4(AmE spoken) good; nice Fy; aa That s a really neat car! 5 (AmE straight) (used about an alcoholic drink) on its own, without ice, water or any other liquid (af) ga, grfera (rai ly ae Nectar (QOBERIIARD seston a ARREE/ verb (7 (formal) to make sth necessa Gates ier ea (QRCAREIAY /03'sesoti 4 GeAZ/nown (pl, neces sities) 1 (U] necessity (for sthvto do sth) the need for sth; the fact that sth must be done or must happen (Pt 7 #1) GaN, arta; (et at 3) fr a A CBGilige? 0 They sold the car out of necessity ecause they had to). 2 [C] something that ou thos! Barve ED Neck /nek¥e/ own 1 [C] the part of your body that joins your head to your shoulder tear She wrapped a scarf around her neck. © Giraffes have long necks. © body % fart faa | 2 [C] the part of a piece of clothing that goes round your neck 7 I 72 aa HPT a polo-neck/ Veneck sweater 0 The neck on this shirt is to0 tight. 3 (C) the long narrow part of sth Fart aq FL TATA WM the neck of a bottle 4-necked (used 0 form compound adjectives) having the type of neck mentioned Fife war at 1 ‘aI @ round-necked sweater IID by the scruff of thelyour neck) «> scruff ‘fer neck and neck (with sb/sth) equal or level with sb in a race or competition 21 at erat # quart me ae, Wit one gw Ei) a neat whisky ad, Up to your neck in sth having a lot of sth to noun (U} nebula /'nebjala 'FaaAT/ noun [C] (pl. nebulae ‘Ali 341/) a brightarea inthe night sky thats caused by a mass of dust or gas or by a large cloud of stars that are far away “eter. (fr ar acer ‘areraett & aren saree 4 gar gee), arr er /‘nesasarali; esa serali Sa; a used to say that sth cannot be avoided or has to happen Not necessarily used to say that sth might be true but is not definitely or always true Pet We oa a A ee oe FA & fT TT deal with fat arr # yf are fees ara, fat ag & aga aT A Real & Prem We're up 10 our necks in work at the moment. dace /'neklos ‘FRA! noun [C] a piece of ‘Jewellery that you wear around your neck GED wa, THT neckline /‘neklan FEM! nown [C] the edge “of a piece of clothing, especially a woman's, which fits around or below the neck a (FASE ‘aftersit & ara) at ae Rarer otter & anet aie ar BS A AAT Ba dress with a low/round neckline necktie /’nektar ZTE! (AmB) = tie" 1 nectar /‘nekio(r) "FZ(2)/ noun (U] 1 the sweet liquid that bees collect from flowers to make honey sieq wart % fem weafeaat arr git a weafa Hay Za; TaHE 2 the thick juice of some fruit, used as a drink Frat wet IGT TA (Fa a 4 Hf IFP) apricot nectarnectarine p Cc] a soft nectarine /'nektorin eet wom UC) round red and yellow fruit that peach with smooth skin 50 née /net 3/ adj. used in front of the family nam that a woman had before she got married & raed qe ar Rea oer & fos TF Mili Mitra née Sen © maiden name i (ERA oss AE! verd (1) (not usually used int aes 1 need sb/sth (for sth/to do sth) if you need sth, you want it or must have it Pret at Paatt eg at omayraaT BAT AU! living things need water. 6 T need a new film for my camera, © Does Roshni need any help? 2to have to; to be obliged to 3s eT sare eta; Fret ‘ara Bt area BAT Do we need to buy the tickets in advance? o You didn't need to bring any food but it was very kind of you Wer Brat need a1 waa &T & dol need? saft sit yet a FT 3 needed (aera *T # did you need? sife Tar THIS BT F didn’t need) 3 need (sth) doing if'sthneeds doing, itisneces- sary or must be done Patt aq a waite & fare ee oma a afrart er This jumper needs washing. Se Bear ar aaa aerate a (continuous tenses) # watt wf ear samt ‘ERAT -ing Geb AMAT Fee (present participle) ‘eH at em H Rare yea &—Patienss need- ing emergency treatment will go to the top of the waiting list. need? /nicd *E/ modal verb (not used in the continuous tenses; used mainly jn questions or negative sentences after if and whether or with words like hardly, only, never) to have to; to be obliged to BS Ber sass eT; feet are at aera BAT Need we pay the whole amount now? 0 You needn't come to the meeting ‘if you're too busy. 0 I hardly need remind you (= you already know) that this is very serious att Goat ¥ ad erred % need; Fracrer BT need not (neecn't); wear ‘FU need 12, snfz | sedi at ear at at fer wea HS (past participle) % ata needn't have ae weft pear ® fH ore sag ae ‘fea ar Wa ae 4 orn PH ae eRe TaN “ET ay ~! needn't have gone to the hospital (= L went but it wasn’t necessary), aif are ‘WAaiel didn't need to ATAU AE aE are 798 ara “Tea TA IGT AT FF FE Ba éi_-I didn't need to go 10 the hospital «4M ecause it wasn’t NECESSArY). apy {Beara (modal verbs) % FA # SH aay & sit F Quick Grammay. need? /ni:d “1g/ noun 1[U, sing] Need (tor si need (for sb/sth) to do sth a situation in whig ‘you must have or do sth (Pet af at ag Sager, aftariar Theres no need for you come if you dont want to. 0 Do phone me i ‘feel the need to talk to someone. 2(C, ‘pl the things that you must have Smrag2g ‘ag Tet He doesn't earn enough to pay, his basic needs. o Parents must consider their dren's emotional as well as their physical orsupport (rat, et 21 aera at ate @) srg it fafa @ campaign to help families in need (BAB ‘nical “Fe! mown [C]_ 1 a small thi piece of metal with a point at one end and a hol (an eye) at the other that is used for sewing (ars att A) 10 thread a needle with cottor © pins siz needles *f fz | 2 (aiso knit needle) one of two long thin pieces of metal 0 plastic with a point at one end that are used fa knitting eng (G4 onfe |Ay aH) 3 the sha metal part of a syringe Saag @t gE 4 a thin ‘metal part on a scientific instrument that moves {0 point to the correct measurement or directiow al one aie ora at tad avai ar fear aarft ®) S the thin, hard pointed leaf of Certain trees that stay green all year anzara wat & aera het ae ara oe Oe (GREATS ni:cos rg) ac. that isnot neo- essary and that you can easily avoi GRA un ry Ber | > ot: a RN vi:dia:k ‘eq noun [U] sth that you sew by hand, especially for decor- ation (era 7) greed ay aot & frm) (aden: aaa “HE/ adj. 1 not having enough + food, clothes, etc. staat (Taher er, ‘Io ie 3 gfe 8) THD 2 the needy noun {pl} people who do not have enough money, food, clothes, ete, stra ar aCe air Neg. abbr: negative Feenare, apresyetopus J oktapos' StReTA / noun [C} (Pl. jectopuses) 2 sea animal with # sof body and eight long arms (tentacles) #7 ae aie os gat gore et Ht (eget eh), TTT gad fod site! adj 1 strange: unusual Fafa to form compound adjectives) strange oF un usual in the way mentioned FF & fafer ay aaTeaTeet an odd-sounding name 3 (only before a noun) not regular ot Set anne sometimes at arate a Fata a &, sat BALI He makes nothin vgrzseriaus, 4 (only before a noun) tat is let after other similar things have been used 1 agar weal & wee & a gen; Ta Hemade the bookshelves out of a few odd bis of wood. 5 not with the pair or set it belongs to; not matching St ort get a Az Wage 7 a, Pa, eae ea TG aT, TAA You're wearing to happen; the probability of sth happening 3 ater a aT ret ae IE EAT TE er tr seca A fen at at ‘adds on him surviving are very slim (= he will probably die) 0 The odds are against you YO fare not likely to succeed). 0 The odds are in your {favour (= you are likely to succeed). [HD against (all) the odds happenine although it seemed impossible 84 ataeh be at odds (with sb) (over sth) 0 disiere® with sb about sth Pratt a feat at ara, a4 BT be at odds (with sth) to be different from sth, when the two things should be the same eg he a ae (aa eset % Rv cogs and ends (BE informal) small things oflittle value or importance Sea HRT EE STATA ‘ode /oud aitg/ noun [C] 8 poem that is written for a special occasion or that speaks to a par ticular person or thing fa SIAC & faq a fata cas ar veg at er a fre ag aaa, ‘avert FAIA Keats's ‘Ode to a Nightingale’ odd socks. 6 (used about a number) that cannot ne Ke Be divided by two (Hem) FATT (at at a fart 7 audios’ sifesra / adj. (formal) extremely F aR) One, three, five and seven are all Tinpleasant Aaa SeFTAT numbers, even 7 (usually used after Odissi noun (U) (IndB) a traditional dance rember a litle more than (WT: Fé we % form from the Se of Orissa which originated a wa) Prat & ge aes ‘How old do you inthe temples atfeet, Sere HT TA TI (feat hank he is?" Well, he must be thivty-odd I sup-—¥ a) pose.’ » oddly adv. fafa at ® odometer /2u'domita(r) sit'eifre(@) / (AmE) f%) Oddly enough, si = milometer s > oddness noun (U] Parte 7 gddness " Soy (Ame odor) /'auda(r) “SSE! noun [C] ‘the odd mayvone out one that is different “Tformal) a smell (often an unpleasant one) from all the others ina group TL $ (are: af) = ge wea) Her brothers ard ggqyrless (AmE odoriess) /20dals ‘ster! sisters were much older always the odd one out. felt (oda sief2/ mown (rl oatios)(C) 2 ‘a person or thing that is unusual safes ar eg STATA noun {pl.] small jobs or tasks of various typesSGQeam@ay, 7% NT eae a (Bement /'odmont SS noun (C, usually gesophagus (4m! "i. (BrE) a small piece of material, wood, ete that is left gfigr the rest has been used. A & are eet ae) odds /odz aifga/ noun [pl.] the odds (on! against sth/sb) the degree 1o which sth is likely than she was. She was ~ gq, without a smell Tet dy ssey |" pdisi ‘aiffefit/ noun (pl. odysseys) 7 (literary) a long eventful and adventurous journey or experience MEANyet wt areas HT 2 Odyssey an epic poem wrtten by the Greck poet, Homer, describing an adventurous jour- ey adr Ae TT et HT TT AY E esophagus) /i' sofogas noun {C, usually sing. (formal) the od passes from your mouth to your stomach sta ah (sis AY ix arena ar Get aH ETAT #) © Tala gullet «> body aa epigiottis ww faa afar ye ‘aie! tube through which fo ioestrogen fis 4 / ‘estrogen (AmE estrogen) /‘i'strodson er ‘noun (U] a substance (hormone) produ ‘a woman’s body that makes her develop female physical and sexual characteristics and that ‘causes the body to prepare to become pregnant cierraza (et & atte gers a ara Fae i Rr oe & ae arg we gras eT anger & Ferg eae & Tt @) «> progesterone itt testosterone 2fert Of /av; strong form pv Hq; FAA *T stfq/ prep. 1 belonging to, connected with, or part of sth/sb Feet salts ar aeq & eaficcaren, & waft at ‘BAT TT; a the back of the book o the leader of the party o a friend of mine (= one of my friends) 2 made, done or produced by sb Fat afte er war Gan, Peer RAT aT TART; BT she poems of Rabindranath Tagore 3 used for saying what sb/sth is or what a thing contains or ismade of ae aaa fire war Ps Ft aay aT req Bh ae five & ar ger wen (van) &, aT a Rese att B; aT a woman of intelligence o Its ‘made of silver. 4 showing sbisth Prat =f a EB Rea BG Ba map of Jaipur o a photo- graph of my parents § showing that sb/sth is Part ofa larger group ae feart ex Patt af a aay Peat at aye ar sin & sienft-eider a ERG some of the people o three of the houses 6 with measurements, directions and expressions of time and age areata a eared, feensit gar we Site BU a ae grat B Te VA a girlof 12 © an increase of 2.5% 7 indicating the reason for or cause of sth fasett are at aaiquiar ar sae BH rer ar ede Fe ale; F He died of pneumonia, 8 with some adjectives %B Friar % Ae HITE I'm proud of you. o She’ jealous of her. 9 with some verbs 3 Brarat & eer Taps This perfume smells of roses. 0 It reminds me of you. 10 used after a noun describing an action to show either who did the action or who it happened to tt ard & ya San ste are TH it re Feary fas are Pavers rar ar oe aa sea BHM F the arrival of the president (=he arrives) © the murder of the president (= he is murdered) off! fot sits / adv, prep. ores rest rer Pater we go. omrrertt, & fore srt Bran at wfiteat € ae 1 down or away from a place or a position on sh Fe ee ar ey a Raa a a, ze ar Ge 824 Ul off a ladder/motorbikefwalt Beta leave here). {1's sei e 0 (figurative) We've 801 Off the subjecy 5, with verbs that mean ‘remove’ or « Ca ea a ATT Te BF eg aM NAT She took her coat of Fe shyt rain off is umbrella. 3 joined to ang a's avy om fo ea 8 Fr road is off the Ring Road. 4 at some lstay from sth Feet & GO (PIT TT BT a ap Sri Lanka is just off the south coast of 1 @ o Holi is still a long way off (= itis a long, till then), § (used about a machine, a ligh, not connected, working or being used (a¥g. a att one) art Het BM, Fe Please make sy) the TV/ight/heating is off. © Frit on 6 eh present at work, school, ec. ‘PY, RT one gata at wet She's off work/off sick a cold. o I'm having a day off (= a day's holi next week. 7 (used about a plan or arrange not going to happen; cancelled (@tE aap. aren) Braad + st att; % The meeti wedding/trip is off. © faci on 8 cheaper, by acertain amount aiftras wea; Fale aftr WEA BT cars with Rs 4000 off 0 Rs 4000 off price of a car 9 not eating or using sth ft BA Gre Ex aT aT FATA BU The babys, his food. off and on; on and off sometimes; s ing and stopping #-a-h, aaraeT, ae et BA BY, PETA RUtrained on and off all |(AmE) forbidden; not to be entered by} sb aft, Fre, off the top of your head «> top fa! well/badly off having/not having a lot of money. rest feat Hi, ao at Prom Off? fot sitg/ adj. (not before a noun) ised about food or drink) no longer fresh enough to eat or drink (Bret ary yee) are 4S Ba The milks off. 2 (spoken) unfriendly Prat #8, est EIA My boss was rather off with me today. Off- /of 3ift/ prefix (used in nouns, adjectives, verbs and adverbs) not on; away from 9 Safar at; offstage 0 off load offal /'of'sit¥/ noun (U) the heart and other offal ns ‘organs of an animal, used as food "9st at aaaT one in at am oma off chance noun {sing.] a slight possibility ¥= “Hi FAT She popped round on the off chance | of finding him at home. | alliliry sum of money the pampas /‘pempas ty4q/ noun [sing] the large area of land in South America that has no trees and is covered in grass @faor atifter ar famer yet et ad tg Ai 8 che it gee are a wa & PT GBMp!rY'pempo(r) 'FH4(2)/ verb (T] to take care of sb very well and make hinv/her fee! as + comfortable as possible Fagin =afth 4 ae arash (Gere ane site oa ammeter sires erat a Bameblet ‘rem "QyWAZ/ now [C] a very + “thin book with a paper cover containing infor- | mation about a particular subject AAMT % saw aa ae A Get FT ferent Prat oa fale (fame & eae qa ft ont & tee ae ‘pen ¥4/ noun [C] a metal container with a handle or handles that is used for cooking food in; the contents of a pan =, Sit tart art are arta 8; 4; arnt | Cook the spaghetti in a large pan of boiling water frying pan (Ame skillet) han = /pan 8/ prefix (used in adjectives and founs) including all of sth; connected with the whole of sth ye-yer sufi j % Fefaa pan-Aprican panacea /,pens'siza 24 A31/ noun [C] some- thing that will cure all diseases or solve all problems and difficulties; a universal remedy #1 Wer rat cigena oftftata #1 anit afeaeat a frames, wine Education is panacea for all social evils ‘po:ltri ‘Safe / adj. too small to be Pancake /’ penkeik tp#a/ noun [C] a type of considered important or useful gana at pe Hora sites very thin round cake that is made by frying 4 mixture of flour, milk and eggs (batter) Sit, ge ef aera a ca ae re Pafichayat jown [C] (in India) the local gov- ering body of a village; a village council (NT 4H) ae aft erty were err, ear, re PERT pancreas /‘pankris ‘tefmiarq/ noun [C] an organ near the stomach that produces the substance that controls the amount of sugar in the blood (Insulin) and which helps your body to deal with (digest) the food you cat S94, We Gar re fer aneie-si & oit aT eT (cafes) sere area 8 ott wer arse a raat aren & aire ane ay arene # Urea Heres eles > pancreatic /,penkri'euk defi tea / adj. arena panda /"pendo ‘t731/ noun [C] a large black and white bear that comes from China 32 oft apret @1 eT aS ore aT AM a, FST pandemic / pen'demik &'3 fq / noun [C] ‘a disease that spreads over a whole country or the whole world daraardt ar Fagard ang serareh > pandemic adj. Teriti-fara > endemic sit epidemic @farr pandemonium /,pends' mauniam aye THPERL/ noun [U] a state of great noise and confusion Gaga, er site site starr, oat naa J penda(r) '8E(2)/ verb pander to sb/sth to do or say exactly ‘what sb wants especially when this is not reason- Vpem ¥4/ noun [C] a piece of glass in a window, ete. “sti a eindowpane panel /‘penl ‘4a/ noun [C] 1 a square or rectangular piece of wood, metal or glass that “forms part of a door or wall xara a dare # stet area A ENTE a, TG A HA HT TH ‘er 2 [with sing. or pl. verb] agroup of who give their advice or opinions about sth; 4 group of people who discuss topics of interest on television or radio Pat 7 anf 28 ara aafapat a aE, TereaTesisay, rer, SR ar teat ge areas wet a areal ae are earn ar aye; aaer-isa, FA a panel of judges(= in a competition) o a panel game game show with two teams) 3 a flat surface that contains the equipment for controlling @ vehicle, machine, etc. aE, a am ame Frere Priorat oft era feat a control/ display panel panelling (4mé paneling) /‘penalin ‘Safer! ‘noun (U] square or rectangular pieces of wood used to cover and decorate walls, ceilings, etc. Beare, eh wer om oe sree TTI TET a afar ant panellist (4mE panelist) /‘pnalist “*afee/ noun {C] a member of a panel ar arate Hea, aT ACT Pang /pxy §/ noun [C, usually pl.] a sudden strong feeling of emotional or physical pain Har Ge oufifeer ar arate weet ce; a4, ‘BAH, EH hunger pangs o a pang of jealousy ARIE /‘pemk 'AAa/ noun {C, U] a sudden feeling of fear that cannot be controlled and stops you from thinking clearly Tat SIT St oi Prataa a at we sth erect 8 ares 72; Ae, sfiferar, Giide Reople fled in panic as the fire read, ee Me fa ina when the fire alarm went off. » panic verb {I] (panicking; panicked) 2¢ aTal, aici a AAT Stay calm and don't panic. panic-stricken /‘ pemik strikn ‘ta Rea | ad very frightened in a way that stops you from thinking clearly adit, et panorama /,peno'ra:mo ,A4' TAT noun [C] a view overa wide area of land fret 43 aa 1 334, uftgsa, ggaradi, ggayet > panoramic /,peno' remik 44 %R/ agi. Rega (pant //pent %z/ verb [I] to breathe quickly, for example after running or because it is very hot a (aa dist % are at Teh & AR) > pant noun (C] ait & ait 7 ate, eott panther /‘penda(r)'4(2) /noun [C] a large wild animal of the cat family with black fur Tat agar > lon a fer 2fart panties /‘pentiz ‘t4f@a/ (AmE) = knickers pantry /‘pentri T4fz/ noun [C] (pl. pantries) ‘a small room where food is kept T41S-HER, 4ST © val larder pants /pents &2q/ noun [pl] 1 (BrE) = under- pants 2 (AmE£) = trousers pantyhose /'pentihauz ‘4fzeta,/ (AmE) = tights TV. papad noun [C, U} 2 thin, crisp sou, papaya /po' pais W'UISAT/ (also pa food item that is made from ground Jen roasted or deep fried in oil before cating’ sae te ten arti Fey a ae ered Fae AT HC AT eT HE GUT Tra paparazzi /, pep? retsi AT RFI noun photographers who follow famous around in order to get Pictures of them 4 to a newspaper ot magazine Et % fa, cat ar hen HET aed TTT ‘paps: Wat /) noun [C] a large tropical which is sweet and orange inside and hag black seeds Tat * perpa(r) “A4()/ noun 1 (U] a mat see sheets that you use for writ drawing on, covering things, ete. FFF a p sheet of paper 0 a paper handkerchief ait % Go TAK filter paper, sue paper, toilet paper aif writing pag 2 [C] = newspaper’ Wheres today’s 3 papers [p/.] important letters. or pies paper that have information written on BRAG, TATA The document you is somewhere in the pile of papers on her 4 [C] the written questions or the wri answers in an exam Wet a WATT AT The history exam is divided into three 5 [C] a piece of writing on a particular thatis written for specialists (Frat faa a % fee Gare feat aan) gitar Ar the confe the Professor presented a paper on Sri poetry. ™ r 1 in writing fafa had nothing on paper to say that I've accepted. 2-as an idea, but not in a real sit in theory fran ara (a f& eaeite feait &1 H The scheme seems fine on but would it work in practice? Paperback /'peipabick ‘849% / nown [C. book that has a paper cover RTA @ RTH, ATIF The novel is available in back. © hardback 2far | Paper boy noun [C] a boy who takes ~PAPEIS TW people’s houses FAT aga are AST Paper clip noun [C] a small piece of “Thar ised for holding pieces of paper aerrait at a are Tay fener a Fea; © stationery q faa 2far)/remp T*7/ noun (C] 1a path going up or #own which you can use instead of steps or stairs to get from one place to a higher or lower place Cree & aa at steht ach a, oT (he a fy gt Pate gaat ®) There are ramps at both entrances for wheelchair access. 2 an artificial slope made of wood etc. for models to walk while displaying clothes jewellery ete. during a fashion show #7 ans BPR Pore tse aa GFE, Tey ame at (Bar at Hi) weaht aee & ‘ampage! Jraem' peids 7/41! verb [I] to move sugh a place ina violent group, usually break- ing things and attacking people 43 TTF amrelrare H andh & et eA (er: TEAS She ah oe ee 8 eer SAE The football fans rampaged through their rampage? /'rempeids "t°1/ noun tbelgo on the rampage to move through aplace ina violent group, usually breaking things and attacking people #3 TTT araere 4 at a ager ae Gore: agers ste sit oe Emma LA) J raempant "HE! adj. (used about Sth bad) existing or spreading everywhere in @ way that is very difficult to control (gt dvim) ‘ea & aia fam ear aT Seta Gar rampant in this 10Wn. ‘emfekl TR! adi. (usually ‘ised about @ building) dld.and needing repair (ara: Baa) 4 ran «> runt a past tense 7 inch /ra: ntf 7A! noun (C] a large farm, espe- ‘ally in the US or Australia, where cows, horses, sheep, etc. are kept 4 agent (Pasta: rafter ay ateterat 4) J'rensid TARE! adi. if food containing meee rancid, it tastes or smells unpleasant because it is no longer fresh carat site Page cat vars i eames "endam "FEA / adj. chosen by chance gaara, afratirg, ag For the opin” enpoll they interviewed a random selection of ‘people in the street.» randomly wa m without thinking or deciding in advance what is going to happen ay eke, eqs, WHAT Thue comperizors were @osenar'random from the audience, on random-access memory noun (U] (comput- aca FY noun (U} (comput Fang « ring? &1 past tense #7 réfige’ /reinds TH/ noun 1 {C, usually sing] a range (of sth) a variety of things that belong to the same group (4 WATE The course will cover a whole range of topics. 0.4 wide range of clothes 2 {C] the limits between which sth can vat ant re ae ae ae Hee ‘That car is outside my price range. 0 dont think this game suitable for wil age ranges. 3 (C, U) the distance that it's possible for sbsth to travel, see, hear, etc: wee, ge rant one At afer af Keer aut af rage ofthe guns. 0 The gunman Shot te policeman at close range. 0 They can pick i ‘als at a range of 400 metres. 4 (CI aline of mountains or hills V4¢t waieat a feet aT range? /reinds 4! verb [I] 1 range between "A and B; range from A to B to vary betwee? two amounts, sizes, etc, including all those carween them “@t ATATaH,, Aer ane & at emit Tea The ages of the students range from 15 10 50. 2range (from A to B) to include & variety of things in addition to those mentioned Carol er) Pee aga Te PHT regatta a era, we aes ams aa % ate Tat ar eT rangoll noun [U,C] popular Indian art form in erhich a pattem is made on the floor, commonly utside homes, usually with finely ground rice powder and colours. Sometimes flower petals re also used to make these decorative patterns “itd (#at at gat A) rank! /renk %&/ noun 1 [C, U] the position, especially 4 high position, that sb has in an “Organization such as the army, OF in society 97, ara nf eet ae aT (ara: dea) feafet at ‘yz General is one ofthe highest ranks in the arm. «9 She's much higher in rank than I am. 2 (C).2 ‘group or line of things or people aeqait ar aateratt aa at at Sf a taxi rank 3 the ranks [pl.] the = inary soldiers in the army; the members of rou eat a ara, PT ‘geet At the age of 43, he was forced to join the ranks of the unempldved. IBIS the rank and file the ordinary soldiers in the army; the ordinary members of an organiza, Mae ear a rea, Teer, Fret em are AeArank? rank? /renk %€a%/ verb (1, T] rank (sb/sth) (a8 sth) (x01 used in the continuous tenses) to give sb/sth a particular position on a scale according to importance, quality, success, etc.; to have a position of this kind aafem a a at BRS HE, TAT, AAT one a agar Raker reatfes asc; gt verre Pett a Fret fee # aT YEA BMT She's ranked as one of the world’s top layers. 0 a high-ranking police officer ABDKIG /‘repkt "tea verd (1, T] rankle (with 8b) if an event or a remark rankles, you still remember it angrily because it upset or annoyed youa lotmerast Be arg vera witfes Paett (afte) & omy arm at feet &, immature comments still reed ransack /'rensek'qaq%/ verb [T] ransack sth (for sth) to search a place, making it untidy and causing damage, usually because you are look- ing for sth Gary Bt SEITE ee Bt agar er feat cam oe aq faa a BE The house had been ransacked by burg- ROM ream "aH/ noun (C, U] the money that you must pay to free sb who has been captured illegally and who is being kept as a prisoner (Smee ae at ara fer Te ea BY er Fe ar & fer) he hide ‘pappers demanded a ransom of Rs 500,000 for the boy’ release. hy to keep sb as a pris- oner and say that you will not free him/her until you have received a certain amount of money feet at dua aarae caer (fete fat 7) > hostage 2far | Fant / rent F/ verb (1) rant (on) (about sthy/ “Fant (at sb) (disapproving) to speak or: ‘complain about sth in a loud, angry and rather confused way Se, a AR sie aula gee a ster ar Brera eT > rant noun (C) ani Fg rant and rave to show that you are angry by shouting or complaining loudly fora long time We ae ae hegre ar rare ac one ar fear rep ML noun 1 [C) a quick, sharp hit or rock on a door, window, etc. faggai, zara ane was a si .on the door. 2 [C, Ua style or a piece of music with a fast strong rhythm, in which the words are spoken fas, apport /re' posit) ¥'9H(2)/ noun [sing., U] (a) wm aR aT At OT aH tithe Mer met a WA A AT By a P i / verb (rapping; rapped) 1 (1,7) te Sh or surface several times, al a frat tae ( and lightly, making @ noise “ x 2[T] (informal) (used mainly inn per headlines) tocriticize sb strongly (a & slat # mae) 3 inister raps police over rise in crime. 3 [iQ that has speak the words of song (@¥@p) that has musi with very fast strong rhythm *y yay 1 /ferp TH/ verb [T] to force a person to ha sex when he/she does not want to, using or violence Ft & ATCC At Ze aT earner Feary) rape? /reip %4/ noun 1 [U, C] the crime “Forcing sb to have sex when he/she does want to 10 commit rape 2 [sing sth beautif 3 (als oilseed rape) (U] a plant with bright yello flowers, that farmers grow as food for farm ani mals and for its seeds, which are used to oil FAME a field of rape 0 rape oillseed WaPIA repid"*F4g/ ad. happening very quickly or moving with great speed at ("fet @ @ ara) al RFA She made es and was ‘soon the best in the class. ° Mira’ prdati ‘UPRefe/ noun [U] (formal) ELAM, aa, ah, SANT The rapidity of change has astonished most People. MEBPIG Pach, a aie rapids /‘repidz “tftSq/ noun [pl] a part of ‘river where the water flows very fast over rocks 2 a1 36 rr eh ot Bent ae a aA aU Ash wea; p/‘rerpist "FRE / noun {C] a person who forces sb to have sex when to Tae, get Fappel /re'pel Ta / (Amé) he/she does not want abseil rapport (with sb); B) a friendly rel understand each (@) rapport (between A and lationship in which people ach other very well ft fair fare ait wa-gat a oral ave ame %, ot amaranth We seater ubrEAT, eee Me understood the importance of establishing a close rapport with “elients. 0 Honest i essential i there is o be good ‘rapport between patient and therapisteT 1053 00¢=«C*S ‘Satellite dish gangh noun [U] (IndE) a society for something: “ai association oF an organization (rit srry ee tfON® RPT > eget s:'kestk aq) FAG; 8, Wer f Pa aad BAIN a sarcastic comment sanitarium /,seno'teoriom ar Saftey = sanatorium a sanitary, /‘senatrilRa/ adj. connected with the protection of health, for Example how human waste is removed =e. ame 3 wat am), re le, «> Insanitary &fac | | (AmE sanitary napkin) noun (Cl) a thick piece of soft material that yomen Use to take in and hold blood lost durin, ; r ie their Period Hreanat & Feit # feet arer wep ts a mal © tampon eae) (SADUBHONY, sens tertn ,8F%'2E/ noun (Ul the lems that keep places clean, especially by removing human waste (Fastoa: ae aM ae 3) Sanity /‘seenati ‘84f2/ noun (U] 1 the state o having a normal healthy mind 7 ae a at_fata;, 2 the state of being sensible and reasonable Wasa sit fast a BL feats; faa—ar © fats insanity «> sane adjective #faw | ‘sank © sink’ a1 past tense 87 Sanskrit nown (U] an ancient language of India and one of the oldest languages of the Indo- European family #257 Santa Claus /'sento kloz ‘Aqzt =ifa/ = Fa- ther Christmas we Sat = /sep @Y/ noun (U] ree TG, AST aT 4 ‘sep A4/ verb [T] (apping; sapped) sap of) sth to make sh/sth weaker: to destroy sth gradually (feet et) aavine are; Heft ee sof failure have sapped (him of) his sapling /'seplin @gfeaE/ noun [C] a young tree Ber Ser ar aT /'seefara(r) "A9TEA(Z) / noun [C, U] a bright blue precious stone “ger, ter Hf SPMC|RHH, | sa:kezom ‘APEAT/ noun [U] the use ‘fsuauds or expressions to mean the opposite af ‘what they actually say. People use sarcasm in ‘order to criticize other people or to make them look silly eRe = (Freer faire ed ar sree feat waite fret Get a fia at orm at & fae sae Pear ot — ‘keestikli ar afeayia/ adv. Sardine /,sa:'disn at'S{/ noun (C] a type of very small silver-coloured fish that we cook and eat Bret amit (aga wish ores wat RIA ‘GAT TAT 8) a tin of sardines ‘sari /'sa:ri: 'aret/ noun [C] a garment that con- sists of a long piece of cloth that women, Particularly in the Indian subcontinent, wear draped around their bodies ret (areata Hfeansit ar afar) Sarong /so'ron #'tE/ noun [C] a long piece of material folded around the body from the waist or the chest, worn by Malaysian and Indonesian men and women Wa, ween afte ar oferta it ‘sash /se{ @31/ noun (C] a long piece of material that is wom round the waist or over the shoul- der, often as part of a uniform #& & BAT Ta eat arn ar are & ah ae ater ory are ane ar cia cast, rede Sat. abbr. Saturday sif¥am Sat. 2 May Sat +D sit 1 past tense aif past participle Satan /'‘seitn ‘AZq/ noun [sing.] a name for the Devil ar > devil faz | satchel /'set{al ‘#aa/ noun [C] a bag, often carried over the shoulder, used by school children for taking books to and from school ag i Ream @ oy a eit ar a, aT satellite /'setalan ‘@eargz/ noun (C) 1 an electronic device that is sent into space and moves around the earth or another planet for a particular purpose same (faae water & siafeer # Fear aH = Sree ot yeft a RT We a ofeaRAT ara 2) a weather/communi- cations satellite 2 a natural object that moves round a bigger object in space Wrpfee Tae (siafter # for war eaagie saet st geht ar aet ie Ht after Fea 2) satellite 2 dish (also dish) noun (C| a large, circular piece of equipment that people have on the outside of their houses, that receives signals from a satellite 1 so that they can receive satel- lite television Azerez fest (4 % ae era sea ot paN sere A AT wet aaa & aha wat ae Azone Zetia Tea AH)satellite television (also satellite TV) now a " [U} television programmes that are sent ou! usinga satelite 1 3fm ame a eer & sea rth ore /'seotmn "M2 / noun [U] a type of cloth that is smooth and shiny ATE (tym ae a FeaAT oh oer NY ' setara(r) "BzTEST()/ noun 1 [U] the use @ of humour to attack a person, an idea or behaviour that you think is bad oo ey ae alt, rare a, oman, ey ga TAT = (SA ster #) 2 [C] a satire (on sb/sth) piece of writing or a play, film, ete. that uses satire 7 ar aes, feet omfz qisatire ony pliicaltf ‘aug? ae ‘BIST aysatirical magazine » satirically éso' urikli Sika eines (abit Iso -ise) /' setoraz ‘ee! verb [T] to use satire to show the faults in a person, an organization, a system, etc. Pag it, ea, HUET ate & at aha et SBtisfaction /,seus'fekjn Aq FRA! noun [U, C] the feeling of pleasure that you have when you have done, got or achieved what you wanted; sth that gives you this feeling gfe (srire Sega Or ae er Sofa aT ares a ATT BEY MITT); Wafte 2 art Te He finally found a solution that was to every one's satisfaction. © She was about to have the satisfaction of seeing her book in print. @ fart dissatisfaction Satisfactory /,setis'fektori fia! Sagft/ adj. saturation point noun [U, sing.) 1 the st good enough for a particular purpose; accept- able wits (Gea Paita & fare vate), eta This piece of work is not satisfactory. Please do it again. © favirt unsatisfactory > satis- factorily /-tarali -22/ adv. aa Work is progressing satisfactorily. satisfied /'ststad ‘AfzqeTee/ adj. satisfied (with sb/sth) pleased because you have had or caret & fore, aire ey aT SAT ATT ay, rat, Hye EA Make sure you satisfy the en requirements before you apply t0 the univers, © I had a quick look inside the parcel just , satisfy my curiosity. 3 satisty sb tan 0 sm ive proof to sb that sth is true or has beg syne Pech ae A wang A aT BM TTT wae tar aT a Tehelel HEA; ATT EFT Ong the police were satisfied that they were telly the truth, they were allowed to g0. fing /'seetsfaun' Af2qeTeze/ ad}. pleasi ‘giving satisfaction eta, Watane / find it satis ing to see people enjoying something I've ¢ satsuma /sat’ su:mo 8z'qat/ noun (C] a type) small orange 5 Ae 3H Bret rate /'setforert ‘Matz/ verb [T] 1 to Sey wet (Prat att at) a Frit ‘at Bay; ATA HA 2 to fill sth so pletely that itis impossible to add any more iia a get ae re Sa aT re AT (Ps SH FGM Hh); ATA HEA The market is satur with cheap imports. » saturation /,scet[> frat / noun [U] , age saturated /'setforeitid ‘aatteg/ adj. 1 pletely wet TAR, AIA 2 (technical) (\ about fats in food) that are not easily dealt by the body because of their chemical struct (qe varat % ae) gore, fa Tar (war Ht carahia deat & BIT) © polyun: urated sit unsaturated 2fért | which no more of sth can be accepted or because there is already too much of it or many of them seaferaat a1 agit at Rate market for mobile phones is reaching satu point. 2 (in chemistry) the stage at whicl more of a substance can be taken in by a li or vapour (tarargmes #) ga ar aera done what you wanted shiz art a aot Her Saturday /'setader; -di ‘828; -$1/ noun [C, OT AR BOT BWW MAT, ATE a satisfied smile © farit7 dissatisfied Batisfy /'seusfar Aftqers/ verb [T] (pres. part. satisfying: 3rd person sing. pres. satisfies; pt, pp satisfied) 1 to make sb pleased by doing or Q@HUFR /'seta:n; -ton'24/ noun [sing.] the giving hinv/her what he/she wants {ijait &t Saar once arr a oT ART Aa MAT aT ge AT pe satisfies him—hes always complaining. to have or do what is necessary for sth (abbr. Sat.) the day of the week after Friday Nene feat a a eter a oer 8 fra 21 a wi % ween & saeeil & Monday ai yfafte @fam | ; that is sixth in order from the sun and rings around it Ha a fires art sit ga ait @) © the solar sy 7 fea terring tense Bart noun 1 (C] fruit lke a small sweet orange with a skin that js easy (0 take off “RG seer Sear ret freer paar AH B SE AT 2 [U}, adj ceeceth or Gp dj. (owe tangible. /'tendsobl ‘Sapa! adj Sy Senso exist Ee afk { — are tangible benefits in the new system. © intangible tangle. /'tengl ‘FER noun [C] a confused mass, especially of threads, hair, branches, etc. that cannot easily be separated from each other qari a gransit ont a caret ag att fret at irs full of tangles. 0 This string’s in a tangle. » tangled adj. stat ET ‘The wool was all tangled up. ian tango /'tengev ‘2g / noun {C) (pl. tangos) ‘a fast South American dance with a strong rhythm, in which two people hold each other closely; a piece of music for this dance 7 coe ar ae ara eH afer orafeat Tet a cafen Tam get at eee wes eA #), Se; BATH the shoulder: 2 (I, T} tap (Into) sth to make use of a source of energy, knowledge, ete. that already exists Yaa aaa a 1 tap the skills of young people 3 [T] to fit a device to sb’ telephone so that his! her calls can be listened to secretly He+f% aan Bir aT A fa (os Haare SHEN TMT tap? ‘ep 24/ mown (C] 1 (Ame faucet) a type ‘athandle that you tun to let water, gS, eI. Out of a pipe or container a Bt AA Turn the hot/ cold tap on/off. 2 a light hit with your hand or fingers 47a 3 a device that is fitted to sb’s telephone so that his/her calls can De listened to secretly HBT HAT GAT & fac Ga 4) wrat fags ouaeT tap dance noun {C] a style of dancing in which ‘you tap the rhythm ofthe music with you" feet, erring special shoes with pieces of metal 8 them eee ae ar gL (eT OTE at ver a) a A ore A aT BOT TT » tap- dance verb [I] 24 Jet FAT fare Aare altace > tango verb [I] (pres. part tape! Aresp 2Y/ noun 1 (UI, ja thin band of plastic tangoing; pp tangoed) Sit (Ja) FCT eek 2%/ noun [C] 1a container for hold- ing liquids or gas; the amount that a tank will hold weet a Are at afer PSA HT i dt Hoon arch (Pret aq BH) ATA water/fuel/ petrolfish tank o We drove there and back on pne tank of peirol. 28 large, heavy military chicle covered with strong metal and armed with guns, that moves on special wheels at a 2 tanker /'taenko(r) ‘PEH(E)/ noun [C] a ship or Torry that carries oil, petrol, ete. in largeamounts aft neat # A, ater ante a AMY ae TENT AT witft, Ze, Ao-TIA, Sept-attft an oil tanker “jsing) /ventalacan ZIEATEATE that you cannot have agama (also want sth > tantalizingly (a/s0 “| wat /'tentrom “2AGH/ noun (C] @ sudden ‘explosion of anger, especially by @ child WHIT i a a); WA iver at free (Pastas: ToT ‘material used for recording pictures or Information ferret a 2 /'ve got ‘the whole con- certon tape (= recorded). 2[C] acasseue which ste. Be, ae EI Te BAC = blank tape (= a tape which is empty) 0 1 rewind a tape 3 (U) along narrow band of Das: ‘tig, ete, with a sticky subs one side that is used for sticking i Zlectric wires, etc. FANE a 24 stickyvadhesive tape * insulating tape ait Sellotape fu! 4 C, U} anarrow piece of cloth that is used for aes ig in aa att am Tea WF Wa! © red tape tere | 5 [C} a piece of material stretched across @ race track to mark where the race finishes asa Seat He Hier Fear WEA TAT iat herp 24/ verb [T] Lo record sound, music, television, programmes ee ‘using accassette 82 A acct 3 oa, aia, at are ante a irate wet 2 tape sth (up esten sb ing of tying sth “with tape’ 3 feet aay TC 2a carer (2a A ferverat a aT) tap’ icp 29/ verb tapping: tapped) | ti.) tape deck noun (C) the par of a. music system ‘tap (ation sth); tap sb/sth (onMwith sth) to (stereo) on which ol wr tapes, uch oF hi vuickly and lightly fet eich rn ae UT EL TET HAE AT CT OT AAT earea ATA Their feet were tap- ase tar ar caren &; 20 8%sSure (also measuring tape) nown [C] in piece of plastic, cloth or metal with etc, marked on it. It is used for ings Hees, BAS AT MT BT A used for recording a 2a eafrat a feale an feetée SS tapestry /‘tepastri erates UN pitas ace aap ete designs sewn on it in coloured f aa) srt arasr fire oe oh fart aa 8, ve ony ar Aageere ars Be tapeworm /' tepwa:m'q4/ noun [C] 1a long flat creature with a soft body and no legs (a worm) that lives in the tube that carries out of the stomach (the intestines) of fem and animals stat # wet aren we yen af ast; Sash 7 tapioca /,tepi'suka ,2f'siter/ (U] hard white grains obtained from a plant (cassava plant) often cooked with milk to make a sweet dish ‘ata HS 3 aS ahs aT re: fare ew Hvar flor Sr ara aa & © cassava ye fea Afar | tap water noun [U] water that comes through pipes and out of taps, not water sold in bottles et a (a Pe att ae) ot tar /ta:(r) 21(2)/ noun [U] 1 a thick black sticky “Tiquid that becomes hard when it is cold. Tar is obtained from coal and is used for making toads, etc, AAT, HATHA, SAL (ae FT T freer & sit asa onfe aart % art oer B) «> Tarmac 2f&) 2a similar substance formed by buming tobacco tary sat A sat (FarH San) vere low-tar cigarettes tarantula /ta'reentfalo Z SFA / mown [C] a large hairy spider that lives in hot countries. Some tarantulas are poisonous (17 23it ¥ qa SI ara) tart! fe ‘wa are ara ae Hae (Ee Has fate aa B Aarget! /‘ta:gu '2FIZ/ noun (C] 1 a result that you ty to achieve WEI fo be on target (= mak- ing the progress we expected) o a target area/