Solutions Manual

To Accompany

Fundamentals of Momentum,
Heat, and Mass Transfer, 4e

By:

James R. Welty
Charles E. Wicks
Robert E. Wilson
Gregory Rorrer
 C.l1APTf:.R , IF ,)IE: Co/VVcte.S/ON rr'1C70R/
je I IS USe.D,

~ ~[ csk35 j.
20
1.1 n = L/ 10 /i,,;,
>(

V::''''; J< ~ R-r = /.32 x 10'" il1/5

A= r( 16 3 ;.,,/-

lg
I.S ~LOl.J PROP~RT/g s:
SrR~S5 / PRE.S5UR.~
,:. NA = -'- n OA = 1.04 x IO /s ($~ADIE./v~ II~LocrrY.
4
Pi IJ ID 'PROP£.Rrlz. s :
1.2 'V P = j~pi X
II + dP
d<j
u
J
/z./I1?:£RA7U..e£ / D:E,A..)SIT~
PR£S.5 U. REI =':>Pfl:.CII=IC
cv'PCQJ b) = f'c v;: [k(cos I siYlI +2)x J.I EA0 SPEED o f Sou/1/D.

+ ~('51 Yl I Cos I ) y J I. {, 9
.". \7PCQ)b):::;2,",,-2 [t (~f-2)X
+ i-( 51~ 2 ) 9]
1.3 'VT(.K; j) = To (£.f [-k,\ Ca5 ~ ccsL, ~) ~ e.'" r:2 ('"~ r Ix ex +l"
A
e r \ ~ e."- ~
= COS e~.x + sin g e.~
-rt(Sit1 ~ 51nh ~)g J
~ ;:( ~!,\" e); + I~ IS! e.~
\IT(a.).) :::: To £k,[-b.(c.o~1 CO'!>hl)x
= -sin e ex + GOes. e ~j
+ t( '5 in \ ~~h I ) Y]
..• Q. E. D.
V7(o.) 6)= -r;, e.""~ [l~I~~+ e.-') 5{
-+- (~i." / )G.-l-')
2h
9]
A
=Toe-~rC&>-:.1 ( 1+ e.-"2.)'; - ~e
2.. L~
-to ~r\1 ( I -
~
i:,2.);1 de. s =-cose'"
__ <2.;r - ~''(\ e'" <2.~
de ....
::Tc, (O.CJ~:l~; + .1?23 ~) :::: - ([.r

• Q.E. D .
• •
1.>.1 /(Jt",1j) of 'PROB~~/Yf 1.:5 IS
/-10,,"04 t!/l1c.ouS.
p~;;J O~ PEo13I..~/IIf 1.2 WILL
13£ )lO/f!OtS UV't! ocrs/ IF
12
-='
-:E.
vz
::: [ l\of 'S a
f~
'l
J O~
1.8 {LaX" =
~=~a+~.a.-
~
ax ~
or + ~
ax ~
ae = fJ/i.
1'><' +~ ( I-X)

oy ay dt' (39 de
r2= )(:1+Lj:1 ) 9= 1:a.n-1 -¥ /.1/ ¢ =3 )(21.J + 1/gJ.
Se
a) \7<1 = (6X'g)x r (3x 2 t- 8!fJ;
dr -
ax - (x + yt)'2
)(
2
II
= C: r' = cos e 'V r/; (3) S) = Clo X f {,? g
~
a~
=- )(2
y
+ y~
= - ("'51118:-
("2
sine
'('

dr=sinG .afr= case

.. =
~s cos e "+ .
5111
e CZ!j
(2..)(
..
~ I ay t'
••• \1 ¢ • ~s 15 IN THz.. - 60 0
-sineL DIRcECTIO/!/.
--r- ae
'1¢"~ =(!biY'q)e.A' -r(3X
2
+ lj'JeJ
+ case L
r" ;;8 • [cos e cZx + sin.e a:~l
fiT THE PO/NT (3.1 5).-
1.9 'V = ~ a.x +L i. + a- Q.;: V ~ " a.s =(90 4 6"7 ~ )
f
d~!i
;)x 02
• (cas -(,O ~ + sin -60~)
= (cos8?r - Si~e~) ax = 1-15 - 5'2.02 = -/3.02
+(5 ine.L
;;,
of- CO~e ~ '\
r- c}9)
e ~

+ ~ Qc 1.12 FOR A PER F2CT CSAS/

;)2
P:;O KT
=(ex case +- ~~ Sirl e)~ M
+ y!:- (- e. x Si118 + cZ~ case) 2e FRo/Yl '?ROB. J./~
+ er..a..ae fY -= I'm ( I - X)

"". V= a.,.~
dr +- f
J
c2.e
.... .a... + er a2 .A ;; I - "om )(
(}E:1
A
.... --p -::: fJ", (/- X) RI
1.10 MASS 01=' SOLID = If Vs /- & >(
"M
II /I FLUID == It If p~

x =p~ Vs =>- Vf = /- x r?s

f'sVs +,4 V; Vs -X P

2
1.13 1p:= A,. sinB (I - -Fi )
a) V'1p:: d 'I' ~ +~ ~ ~9
()r r r ae
:. -vP = AOSil1e(1 -~)
r~
ae

~~ = -jfJv;.'-[~~r] ~
ffE?
de
A-
fL.2 -
_.J.
2 r
LJ v: 2..
oC
r2;(l[
L-L 3
Ji if

WHIC.H REQUIRES -n-tAT

*-1 V7p/ = ?e Ivlf'/ =0
~lvVI =0: - 511'12.e (I-t-~)
- -~. -------------
- ...
,-,15
+C05~(I-~:) = 0 (I) lAKE R =- i AnA. Wrm s:'&, : 1.01

~ I\lIP! =0 : "!>lrleCOSe[C1 +~ f
?= '3001 (1.01):' 3CCD:; 217 AiM

-(1- ~:YJ::o (2) L\(o

AT Co~~ntNTlEMP,) .?""' \/
FRo;n (2) 5i"e case . L/a"4 = 0
r':4 fOe I O~ \~~$ l,v 9 /
FoR. a;l 0"
. e --
r'" 0;' sin e cos e =0
A lO'r\~EA$E IN PI~ ~o

•• 0" _7r (3) t.l7

2
DEJJSrry:: \1 m W"'~ m
(3") IAlTO (I) 1'5 MOL&:::u...A12. Wi;(ah'T. ;.tr

G)=O: 1- a~ :. 0 2.~Q:;()'-, wt ~ W1~ \~ .

r2. ~ (lAwf>
.. a=f" n ,:: n ?2SO,,~1
2~,,~ CS).L
IS j>s. l-
IhI PasS/SL ~ , =2.5'·10" ~(e~
:. C/.)AJDIT/ot1JS .4Rs.
ln 3
.e =0; i=a... ~lc;H AL.TrT'UDc Utrt~ IVf\~
G Is CVr~~. n~ L~'(O·~

3
 CHAPTER 2 R='Po. tP"" 5(\:2"); -PI ='"P.z
"P2. = ~ t-PK 5 ( s") ; "?.s ="'P<{
2./ V'P=PS j dP.... ,..
d~ e~ = -pc:, e.':j P'i = 'PA +Pw9 (~~) i 'P,", :: '?s
Po. -rPM ~(l~")=~+/tI3(2",)+~9(S:)
~t... clP = -p<] C' cl ':l Bl :'?a, -rpw g~~, '12'/- 2" -: tS'·sj
:. '"PA =- -Po. T 5. ~ 17:5\ == s: ~ I ?S~
~~ = (JSn
@ STANDARD CONOlTIONS 2.5'" 'VP::: peS -a) I.e.."PR e:sSURE
G'RADIENT IS IN THE DI'KEcT/ON
f' = 1:>/RT OF (9 - a); I :5o'aARs ARE ..l-
FROM ~.15 f1.IR=O.0"7651 I~~ ~ - a.). TH E BALLOO"-l
CST'R IN6 WILL
FROM ~. 15 -Po..~ =211h.2 ~
fr2
,.. ASSUME THE (~-OJ
g t:>1'REGTlON.
h- (21/ 6.2 1J.F/f/.2.)(32.1'1i.f 10.... rt/'5:2/bf)
.'. 'B,AUoO"-l WILL
- (0=((,51 Ihn1/A-~';('32.114 fr/s':J.)
-0. MOVE Fo~WA'K!)
= 2 T/6~9 A:
2.6 EQUATING: -p 13EFO~E ANt)
2.2 FOR A PER FEeT q AS) D~\N6t ACc.:t= Lt:RI\"\O~ i
'"'P=pRT -p =P5 ~ 0 :=. P ( <j ;-0.) 'j Q,

f3=;;(-¥)T ='p'RT =="P l:ica. == ~

'3 To. L1
-.Jo
<~ 0

:. MANOM£TC~ LEVEL
2.3 ~=-dV d'P 60E5 1:::>c)(.4J N.
P V =7
L\"P_
. - AV _ _ 3000?S1 ' _ l 2.1 MAt£; A ~~ ~3A
V - f3 - 30"., oc)o-psi - 100
Of2TI-4!;,~JJ. A
.: 90 VOLUME CHANGE = '0/0 Is IN 1n.2; 3J~ ~
2.l.f
MERCURI{ 04.7-3?K ~ g~h/(#
A•
h,. 144 .11.7 I tf4.7A
~~ ./'2.2. -= 2.2\ ':: 2'.£c; 1ft.

If
2.6
A

Hg

I
q -= ~ -JOlt. ~ 10 ST~JJG troM 16wr A j
I

Pc ~~+Yu20a~ ~ ='B.. - d l ~ j'H2.0

'PD '" \/" -Sllff ~ I 5ru2rtA-q ~ ~ B./

B- ~ "J~ d(1)- 5511;{j-IOgOt"0 ~ '" 'Pe-~,+dlfd3~~.Jd2Jf~

Pp = 'iIM JOII. :O,6JH2-D
I
fuwtr~,

~ qf({!5 ~~~/ ~-~ ~-?g "'d2iJf~-(d2"d3)Off1p

=: ~(I)- !':>'G24 =%.8fsP
ExPOt;$S"!M4 d IN .r~
2.9 Air

.~ -~ = SZ.7p'; =0.227 ~J
2JI F -= '?e.G. A - '?o..~A ==,oj 11 -(fR2
PH:J O = 1000 I<~/~l) h= 2W1) l<=.3~
F :: S~46 ~~/s~ =- 5"5"'-1 b N

1c.p. -= -vt -t-

I~
1r'R2 ·2.tM
~., gt d, j 5'H ,.0'" Pa {d4 ~ +a~~9HJ FOR A Ct~LE J Tlob:=
C"fr'R
- "'I
q

~- ~ :: (1-!i 1-~) ~ -(2 ):02 A

(2'Z \2- • v1 - 2M +1rR.~
" "le.. p. - qrr'R2 (~~)
~- Ps= Z44,7pgf :: 1.70 ps I = 2.0tl ~

5
2./2 ASSlJh1ING, ArlY1()SPHERIC AIR.
TO 13£HAV'£ I DEALL ~
AIR
&- -~Q --ll
dg - r . ) - "RT
--- -- -
--
LET T = a + b~
tJlTH ~/VGN IN FORMI1TION,
T.: S30 - 2l/ fJ
7; D.} ~i=~ =0 ON TANK
dE. - -g dlj Ptrd 2
._ "Pa.tltl. lTd~ _ 2!JO =0 (I)
-p - ~5......:30~--2-J.!tl.ly/~ -1l- T
fOP .dE - <3 h (' -2lJd (':J/h) @ W'ATER L£VEL INSIDE TANK,
1; -p - 2i{R 10 5"30- 2~(Y/h)
"P = P ai ", -to PH:1,O ,](h-,:{) (2.)
1n. E =- :ili- /'1 5"'0,
FRoM (t) AND
? 2.4R $""30
(2)...

-p = J O. " "PSI·a. h- y = 1.27S" Ft. (3)

"Po ":: "30.11". H~ ASSUM£ ISOTHE.R.MAL COM-

.'. h. = q I g 2 ft. PRESSION <:)1= AIR IN TH£

TAN-
2.13 rg~ VrANk = -p [ ~/,qJ
P = :3"3-<j -p~ +no. eo
5 UBST. of ClI) I N (I) G /VcS
y= CJ.12f+.-

:r: -.. --:'- - --_.- -

•.. h = I. '3 ~4 q..

b)
"':-". -- . -,", .
AIR

1'lr ='Pa To I'H;1.(J Cj ('-/") +-f'~ 9 (10")

PJ: =1':zz: t
i1 !='y = 0
~ -~ = -L) a (~,'QrL). 'J (10") p =P....t- + 2.S'O+-f:
rH" 0 ":J r H9 7rd2./J{
:: '1.63 psi @ WATER LEVEL INSIOE TAN}(~
P = 'Pa. fnt .,.. ~H.:20 9 (3-g)
:. PoIN! A HAS THE HI9HER
F = I q6 (3 -'1) -25"0
-P1?~:S5 UR.!. .

6
 "I>y ANALYSIS SIMILAR TO 0..)
~
(<<{ lj lf9 (h -4t-Cj) - gb~JdA ::0
OBTAI N (3-,)) = 2.? FI.
.e o F: Iq6 (:2.1) -250 == 293.6 /bf 4 (" C9 hIJ -1)(3 'I'f +;;9 !I :L-16¥~JiJ
tJ

:=0
2.JS AS THE TANK CONTINU£S TO h = IS: I Y ff:
BE ?U5HED TO qREAT£R DE'P~
THE VOLUME OCcUPIED 'BY THE
AIR IJEcR£AS£S AND 77IE b) FOR A TR.IANc; ULAR GATE.~
750UYANT FORCE THUS DE- dA: (LJrr. -Cj )d'j

£if (4~_tjl) [G!(h-4+y)-~#Jld~

CREASES.
'BOUYANT FORcE = 2Solbl
DISPLAcED VOLI.JM£ O~ H2 0 =0
= 250 = 1. 01 /f;3
~o9 h= 15: YQ"1 If.
!iSSUMINej AIR To -SEHAtI£
IDEALL Sol AND ISOTHERMAL
COM?RESS/oN/ 2.11
~+m A (3 P. ) In -P(4.01 (j.. f)
.::z 'C..-fnt f-(-J9 c)( 1. 0/)
Z:: '15: 'i'l' Ii-.
STA8LE "posmoN Tl??ED
TOP WILL. 8E ('IS": i?~ 4. 01 ff3) 'POsITIO~
7Tlg;:.) (M =0)
eM)
• eo T()P J S ~~ b fI. EELctU J6 ~
o
M ~ C. '1f''3 Ll){ o.os-d A a
y
- 2 Sa ,- }(J. ~a dx L,.os
= fig L" C.e (0.045"" - /2.)
M= -0.0 31 (. :zo~ rad ) ~ J L r
THE HEI6HT O~ nlE WitTER co-

Q;RESSUR~ 1~
LUMN FROM rHE DIF;::: ElEMENT 2.11
IS h - Jll-g
Q.) FOR A REcTAN6ULAR 6Ar&)
d,4== ~'d~
clFw == [ ~ 9 (h-4ry) -rPetIfCJ dA THE 130UYANT FORC£ CAN 13E
OBTA'N~D "BY INl"E~RATION
d F". -= L 6P'S;9'/ilL! + ~ ] alA OVER ,HE CURVED SURI=AcE.I oR.
~Mo

~
=0
<j(dF"w-d7=A) = 0
By
~F~=O
THE

LJ =I'IOIJ <3'71R2
0
FOUOWINq "R£ASONIN~:

7
 F':J = BOUYANT FORcE ON suB-
MERGED LO<:i + Q, WHERE
Q= 'w'l:lqHT O~ \420 \N SHADED
'REGioN. '1IR~)
Q = C"R:1. - T IfJ5
T
b'
F~ = fJJ7r1?~ of" ('R2. - ~)1'9
=,.og~ (J +-4FJ . ~
J-
,0 [7!' + I-if] =,f~ 7r (SI/'JCE F~ ='vJ)
p~ = ~ +J- = J. 06'1
~ JI 17'
1/:2,0

2.1'1

h == <i./5ft.
a.) FORCE 'R£'Q'D TO l/F=T BLOC.K
FREE O~ BoTTOM; 2.21
Z F~= 0 = F -Flo -F ....
= F - (ow 3 22. ?S'+-Pa..+ ... 'P'~s'J AS'SllM mows :
J
- (3',. 3'x.S)A:
CD~~~ ~rtr"~ &u.-
F= (3 1c 3')( 1'",,9 22.;s:.' +R+.o. +
gc,
.5";.g)
10 ® HzO Us\&!- A~ ~LL T(!)p
= 32/1971bf y 12:= #
b) FORcE 'REQ'D TO MAINTAIN
FREE Pes/noN:
j e
liP d F". llpdA
2 F~ = 0 = ~ -(3'x 3' )(,S'),4 9 01. ~ dA:% z:~ eSWledf}
1-

-(3Ix~')[o4 +'Po.nj -r, h::.S'

F:: (3'x3'X-,S"')(A ~••,,) K3'1C 3'JR.+ ....
llf-.: 5'1 (h-kbso<+~~)
F
:: (ll.';)(-Pyy:;. 6 I~/R:S) +f9R"){2.J'&:.. 2 /~
=J9'{LfO 16;
dFlf ~dFa:>5e
 h ~ ~fim" 2.23 "BouVANC V FORCE = I'v =;~ =- 'F
(h-~+~)sm~ dF =:E. "PRoVID(:::.D VOLUME'

Z7reSd C(
dT T
BoUYANT FORCE VARIES
'REMAINS C.ONSTANT

= - (~-~\t~ t 2(\+aJDC) INVERS£L-V WITH TEMP£RATVR£

OF THE /t1R. AT CONSTA-NT
'2 ~
'rJH~ Fa =0 VOLUME.

~~ e~0(+2Q Q-fQJz1) 2.2.4 5.~. I. 0:25 = @ If£" rn.

'3 SWI,"l.()( ~= I.O:25"!2,gh..
= (I. 02~Y /000'3.. V9. 101m V /8£ nf)
~~~ >>is'' sa.J.... '/

'PIcL Q:)~ 2
::: t. ~to X/O /, ~ = /760 kPa...
'5(t"\ D( '" "/'- rJfct '" ~ a.

-n-: 11- rJid" + /-+ (1- V%t.)3~

2.25
----=--:.~
d 2 3DYct ~ "'-
~
'
- , . - - - - - - - - - - . . - -Fan- - -

E.>c.?At-JDHS<i IN S'tslZrfS5 0.30 m

1_ 2. (/[)
.Ii ~ S£ -+ fc ItI;.)rL
J 3 D~ L~ (t llf-
nZI

~ d:34~ /J.P" J"20 6l1.k

h ~ 0.28/0 rn. = 999 k19.B\ Wl (?2')""-.
2.22
~
.J"D
de. =L)9
r =tfge
0
6%
T ::. 2.4G
m~

Pa..
$~ 10'1

(A'P_d(A~) =(!,.q~cI~ z:
)0 e~'w,e l,:9-,8
-A~
e ~ ::: /-,49 n
~~

tj~ = -,13 in (1- ~ if"): 3 00}oook{i-.O'fq

:. J'P = ILl 190 P$;
~ 'D'J::~ Is~
DENSITY RATIO ..e = e.~ff= UW11/
~
~TfUSRA;~~
fJ=l.tJ~7~
AN)DlUe.t1R; \VA~ tbwN~.

9
 lsT~~~.
Po
~{sT~~~.
)(ls~Dt~~ T.
~E.~10 T~ ~~TU5
AI THe. CENTER o f THE
\VA:Jr;e .. EARTH}
z:.:R
B,i?H~~::: 1?""~l"q~)f~ Pc :: r;.+n\ ~
'UT2. (1 IZ ~~ T ffjo

~-~ 2 Ylla3a - ~~6~ NEGLECTINq ~+,."

~ =- P90 R2 :: ~ 6 '1 ·/()10~ .9.107'"

== 7O.fo7- 15.~ .. 55.1 pJ ml ~
3
• 6330./0 ",

= 352 x/o9 k::,

m5~

2.2'1
:-IT 12' p= 2
H,.,O
~k.!.'3~/1+.3

+t
10 '
MUO
p= 4 '5(u9~ 1ftl
"'B

t=A -~~ =~'J 12 := 24 j

'Pa -Pa..,"", = 2l/'j -1-40, = 6L(j

'Po" -H.tM. = ,ag ~

PAS -Po..~ = I.l ~ 12 +tE J (f-12)
H:z.O lit

F oRC.E / UN IT LEI{6rH r: f=
f=:: f (p - Pa..n..)a'A
~= C~ 9 f df +f~j'2 t(! j(l-l2})dc
12-
F'=Pw~( Iq2 kl)-t-~ ~ (s-OJi.'1

F::.2·~ ,/9; +l/'9'S'o = 18,790 Ibf

10
 TO FIND L.OCATION at: F
Z
=Ptjc.H~
::z I

"'EED ,0 KNOW' C.4 PosrnoN

AND THEN TAKE MOMENTs.

~7 ___ f'<3~"!fr~
=fJw9 (~6 f20l{O) +-~ j (2.q~3 -20L/O) A 2
~t-C{5'_3~ Tf'<3 .. r.."
= 2 'i~ '106 H-'/bf T, ~'~'I
r+9
:2

2-
2 == IS". 3S- ff: ~
2! M) ::I'Jc. ~"t S"o..rol. + !] rl
A ~h.t
~~~ T!j "

2.30 FREE !BoDY "-~ 1Ir 1+ 7(J. r lJ

Ij, -r J
(FORM INCLUDED) NoW ZM" =0, SO

FORCE=f'~H MAw -f'~.. ~(2 rt-tl~+f'Sc. (lrH - ~1~ f.2r)

Am ~ 2 e CANCEL to<Jc. :;z.
-fXJ4!:1-'1. - A J

:3
A H'"
.::.
= z,-l.H + 71:a.r3 - bT(,-3 - 11 ('3
Z ,:;I. 6

~ESSURE FORCE =~<.H(t+~

A = f +:. +-Jf:r3
"f tf1
rr
- £7Trl -
"riO.
1.1...r:!
3 H"

ZFx- =0 F:z =~(3e 2!:L'J. 'DISTANCE FROH BoTTOM == t +-A

if = ~ t- ('[~(-R-) +(~y r~l- ~1T" - 1]J
I ,',

AREA =~(~ H t~ 4r tJfr,=i( 0.1-1 +-5,'") q= *+ r[~(R-) - 5,lH(JtY].

ZF~:.o
Fa =f'9c [2rH t~ 2
- & - .E.c;:J
2. ;z.J
F. =f'Sc. [2 rH - ~J
2 .

I,
 CHAPTER L/ FOR C.v. SHOWN;

1././ V =IO~ r7x l,

f)c.s.f'(v.nJdA ... k fVdV =0
AT (2,2)~ {j- =10 ex rJil ~j o

A UNIT VEcTOR IN -304 DIREcnON V= 'i (I-fi) fp:..

IS ~I )5('.s/,Cv.MdA = )fA/,(v.r1)dA
+ ~~A1P(V-·~)c:lA
e"'_Y3A I
- 2' ex -2 ~~
COMPoNeNT IN e. DIRECTION
=f' [112 o.ve.. A;l - )oRq(l- n) :2'rrrd~= 0
= e· v-- (Y3" 1 lZ:s
2" eN -2 A ) !J
.~/ofZx +I'I~)
~,..
1J2 o.lI'c.., =
q1r R:2. (f-.,"- -I)
~ .. =I 2 $ fps
11 (1.5"~
= 5"13 - 7 = 1. 66 fps.

l/. 2 {} = 10 ~x + 2 x .~'J
l/.'1
0.) ~ = ~ = :Y..
/0
>(

d'J =2>f
\1")( /0
V;= .of,., [J'--'-____ ;::w

10 'J = }{2 .,. C j (2, I) .'. c = ~

+6 =0
>(2 _ /0']
He.s. f'(v.n)dA::"
))Ai f' (1J·n )dA + »),40 f' (V-. n)cl A
= - f)A', fJvdA + (( pvcos30acJA
JJA.
= -~/J"Ah +~1.T~s30"A)o =0
Yl )~2J ~. =,q, , it - ,/
lie - ..,
.~ V; = Ao
A: ,,;;. = 1/6. /9 fps
(1,0) )(
. ("D~"30 •

Q= IT ,.,,3
Q = Avo = o. S'S-S' fI?,s
::.

~ CONTROL
r- - - I VOWME:

i~- -- +-~-r!'
L.. _ _ _ _ J

12
 :. ~ T let. 2 5 - 3. iLl :: 0
dt M
•
••
S
=~(l-e.J;iI
-,q.:z.t)
=Al 'LJ + 'TrD v-.!:..2 2. = V-(-n:~1 +1J' 0 L) M= Z33 I~
2L • ' V I='O"R t = '00 ""i""
V- = ITrO,,/q 'XV;) == V; S = 15'0 Ibrt\ .. 0..)
"irDa r~ I + "'D F'OR -t: =:>
~ 1 oJO

= 1.1-1 ~/s
S =
I 6 b. 6 Ib"" .. . b)
(t.l (S::z _ _d;.,..s_ __
Jl; dt
,
= Js I
3. ~q - 19!.3 s
tI\
t 1 -t I = -1:1
,Q.4
£.,.. 3.Zl/ - ~ 5:,
M
'3.!q - IQ.2 5
r;;;- ,
= -~3.S' k 0.39 :;; 6() mt'".
/.S'I
:. ~:: /;/) rniH.-4.....----- c)

",(

L( ~~S-)4-G~tl + .•• J IF THE PLutD VOLUME IS CONSTANT;

6) Q = 12.1" cf~
a.) 1)"= Q = 12.1(, == 5.~~ fps
dV/
de
- I -
dVI
cit 2
A '7r(fft AI if. = A~ 'Vi
1.1,. : V; ~ = V; (~ r
l{. -; ffe.s. ,o(o-.n)dA + ~ 5f{~dV ~ 0 o.:l = A., ( -¥. ~
r
fL:$.,a(v.n~ = mout - w'irt 11;.:: 2 ( ..;fr) 2. = 127 fps

= IQ.2 '2 (1Y-)= 0 0.2, = 5'( 6l/) = 320 fpsl.

?lfl /
••• .2.M=o
~t 1/.9 STEADY I=LOW .r. Jfc.tCv.n)dA:.O
M:" 70TAL MASS IN TANK
(r d (p-.rft) = 0 . pA =c.onsi.
oR JJc.s
IF-" 5:: SAL7 IN TANK AT ANY TIMe" )
If~s.,o(fJ'.n)dA =: /9.2(F)
M
- 2(f. 92) d (evA) = cJA f EY-r.:!..E:::. '0
~ V-A A "IF ,0

ffL
~ c.v. pdll = !fl :. Q. £D.

13
 [ p(v.¥\)dA + ~ rrvpdv= 0
Cos, ~c.~
o 'STEAOy F~w

K ~(-o-.n)dA = -1'11; (6cO +

lb.,. 13J WtHoRlc.

• ~. d M ~ E• 0•
nees d rn =0
di:
+ Jr :. '"to
+ 2. jl ]!;. .ydy =0
o 3d

WlHOR\e =f 1.1,; (6d) -f>1I; (3d)

'1.1/
~ l~",-; v. =0
Vi tit HOR 12- =-;:rll; (.3d)
~LIIP.
I"' -;( ·1 • 'j "I

fls.pCi/".n)dA -1" ;~av ~O

o
CONTROL VOLUME IS FIXED TO
WAVE FRONT MOVES WITH 4
VELOCITY v,.., TO THE R If$HT.
-,.0. A~ T~ A (v-m -1I;.J =a
:. 112 = Ym ( I -~)

'/./2 v =f r
-vdA
~ == 21'L b == -2"oL v, b =-v-
.
= ifmo.x" SR 21T'" L'rt - R'J,..lY7 dr ~t

LET
'11 R~

;z =%
0

de = d YR
) d ... == 2 W,side = 2 if nr., d~
(' I

v-= 2~Jo ~(I-zf' de THUs -2,aLv + 21' fob v d.!:J=0

LET q = ,- & J d 7. =-d ~ Lv = fob -z.r(y) d~
0
". = - 2 vm J. ( 1- Yl J 7Y? d Yl a.) -u{ 'f) =!-AVERAGE' A CONSTANT
=!1.J.v:
(,0 ma;x L 1.r = 14:vE b
.·0 V = o. ilt'1I"mc.x ••• "VA VE =L v
b
~I
l/. 13
b) 1T (ej) = c. ':J + Cz <j2
TO DcTE"RHINE C; AND Col ) USE

'4
80UN DAR Y CONDITION S:
LJ"(h) = 0) V"~) = V,."o.x 4.Ju,
0= C. b + C2 b~

11"mo.x = C, b .,. Cz b2.

"2 1/

..• C, :. l/ V",&1L
b
) C ...~ =-~ 11'
wrCJ.X
b2.

11" ~ q V-*~" [t ~ (~t]

. b
slnce LV =C-V d~
v~~::: -!:L.::...::v:.--_ _

q Lb[t" -(f)jd~
LET 1 = ~b )

1).,.,"0.)( = --.:L::...::,1/-,--_
l/ b 1'(t - '-J cJ ~
yt

V"..."'....
,,-"'
= .:22 bLv
4.16~~r--- - -....:.--,
t J J CV.-;
t r ----;
--1

t
----t>- 2 ern I J -
I
I
L_~ - -
,Scm ,
I
4crfl....J
2-
" .~::- .- - f-.:
-J
t
O.8mrn.
Zern
MAss~ ~:: MAaS nPw 0,"
USlN~ llwSEBVRlON (): ~
tQ, 2J Az l12 ~?AiUJ ").
As W2t1T9Ilu~CM 4.10
1~'16~ 1TQ6)2.1~~O-'~ ~ U".5 ~ +rsclm. ,,0
~
dt: c~
Uj = B.l5" w.~
IT d';" .. tDJ
Cs.
.j. 5' Qu:.tlc: ~

~ =-j'A.V=-ywV Vs
_____ J

CD f + QL( -:. ('ltV

~

~AsS ~ lA\ ~ Mm Jtor,., <lJr ® QL : 0 V= G>'tI : 1.91 CM&-

2 ~ ~

~;(I'Yo~f~-l~3"!j25 ~ i; QL ~ 0." V: ~.'fw.: 1.1 ~

V,3=5.15 ~ A.ZZ

~ MowQre Is ~
lr~~sltr ~.12
"''i.=j\rd2 .. o{~(eo-<)dl-
o
V.e :: ~:,""
... (0
I> Q= '-'4Ii

kr ~oh \l;1J,.=fV, =IZC~

I
 I

@BaT Vsc:nt (1f(G,~

~~ j' 21l'L b V~t-r
4: Vec,er ~ v l-~ b
~~Is~

lTtJar=4lT~(~ -Ctr;
~f~~4.'2!2

4.24 v
n1.lA7r " f I lfe2'1fLd"(
o
~

:: 5'! 'iTL blf~

~
0°0 lf~: ~b.
4 b

17
 CHJ\PrE'R S' ~~ ill
5'.1 ffc.s.p(O.n)dA =0 r" ~ I .. 25"j'p$

5: pv,dx :: 2 [p~lfdHJ.:C~ dX] F~ ®~

Q =Al~ = Az. V2 = 3ff%
#v, =3~
Va =~ = ZS fp.s
.: ~ ::' ; V, =26. "1 fps I=~ = Kc.s:.V~ p(v.n)dA
I=x = (pvA), V; cos (-.300) -(0 vA), (-l/)
5:2 1?l( =fls.VXp(v.n)dA =I'Q~ C~)+pQV;.= I·g'''f~
= f>A~2. -~A V;2 F"'j =(DvAk v;. Sin(-30 e) = :-SI' Q.15
= vz
I'A (1.0 I V; )" -flA v,:1
F~ =271 Ib( ~ i='j =- 72.71bf
Tx == -~ =",A V; (I.OZv;.-V,)

=- ~030S" ~XIO.UJ-A300~X6i8 ft) IF BLADE MOVES TO 12~ AT rSf?:;

'32. H l./ IbM ~ RELATIVE' TO THE BLADE:
lb~ Sa
V; = -40fps ) 1.& = 40 fps
=50IOlbf
AT THE LEAVIN6 S£:CTJON:
...
lJ = v;. r~l. t-4 blo.cle
...
+ V b\o..cl~
5'3 Xl=x = Sfc.s. ~p(v.n)dA
=(34.~x -~)+40ex
ASSlJME VN IT L£ NG-rn

f: (p, -~ )dy - DRA~ = - (~.~ eX - ZOe~

-, ... A

(0 I = 77. '6' fps

=,Pf1(v;xf c:/x+ 2fv,·'dx'- f!r.'~
=f'~.~..t + 2V;2. -1/ V;=>J
5.5" L " x
r - - - -'"1 ".5"~
I
~---0-J
Cov.
.

f-

:. ~ "'l1..".:l
2i I I
(
SJ~CS FROM 5:t~ ~ 3 vI) =~,~ ~.,. dm f =0
o -=-(1",)(.,! .,~,)(8·OO ~) = 179. g Val
P,-'P-;a. =t" (J79.e #- ~f'@.o)~
= 189 p~f=J.31p£; =9.MJ<A:,.

J8
 ~= /S7.t ~/s
caltlTROL VOUJME MOVES AT
V= 4.S- ~ e.x. MEASURE nUID
=1-66> Ibf
.: THE TENSION IN TIlE ROPE
VELOCmES RELATIVE: TO TANK
~9 = FoRCE' O~ FLUID BVTANK
~
= COs30- = 215 lbj:

~I='x = 2.. ((( v~M + (( VKdm

dI: J))c.v. J)c.~. ~ zt=J(:: ffc.~. vx!'(v.n)dA
Bx ==-if(vx M) +(-m)(2. S"7J %) P, A, - fi A2 + I='x ==-1 A.2 ~ ~-;: A, 1I,.l
FLUID IN TANk #-lAS 0 VEL/JC.ITlI =;:; Q (Vi-1f.)
R~LATIVE TO <::OOROI NATES
Bx= (O)dM -m:l.STI=(157. }~)
a:f :s
~(p. D12 -liD;)+K =1'~2(*~ -k)
X-{:2.57/~) = -404N Fx =--1f (P'D,2- P"~~)+~f'Q:a.(k-~
-B x .:: 1<>4 N SINCE ATM05PHE'RfC PRessURE
Z~~=~ ((( ~M
~~v. -';) -
+a-JJc.s. Vy drn CANCELS. . .

o ~ = p.~ -;: 50 posiC)

11"'1 OF r=WID l~ TAWf< =0 P2 = P;2.~ = 5" p-s1S

B'j =-(rn )( - ~OT )=(/57.1 ~r07~ F - -171(so.lq~XI)-(5'·IL/I{)--L-l

x - 7lC .:z3.O#fJ
= II(/N
+;f(O.i)(J.94X 9 )(;23.0~-I)
~=-I/Il ~ :: -5"630 + 392
:. F"x ~ - G238 U,f
r-----,-- ""':'C O

i E3 :
<DL ____ J@
M 5.:
b FX ~ .[l::J
Q= Atr= ,,£2 ,
A,=O.2SOQ.:a.
~
<D ®
A~ :: 0. IS";po Fa ::' 60 PSf''l :: ?~.'i psi~
~~JC =fb:,.yf'(\i-·")J~~dV D. =3" :: . :lS"'
o Q =i()(J ~oJ/mit1 =. iCJ 2 R-~s
&= Jo. A, v,:r. +-f':l~ ~~ P2, = 1'1.7 psi ~
=,oQ (Vi-V,J=I'Q (~ - ~) O2 ::- t.s ll

= ,oQ1. (-k. - :k,) ~ Fx =KG'S. Vx pC von)dA

19
 Jr ("'P. D. :z _ n 0::1.) _r:" _ LJ LJ(i1.{L _J..~
LI \ 'r S ~ rx -iff' \~ OJ.,
f
Fx = (?I.;r. 9-/11.7 ·2.25") lbf
-,;p (1. 9L{'Q ~l{ .qr) 'bt

FA' =5'02 - 9f.1 = L,J()¥ Ibf

5:9 • ~,--;-~~V;

ZFx =JL.s.~f>(1/·nkIA +~~

o
== P. AI - 'FiA~
['.5 ~f'(-v.nJd4 =f'~ ~lr'~S VltAjYi~ 5.12
(f) c.v. @
;;---~
=
p.-~ ;O[V;l- ¥:l - ~i1f;?] F[:o: ::eJl
#////77///7/7177////////77//1/
BY CONSERVATION OF MASS,
FOR COORDINATES F"IXE"D TO THE CON·
(( fJ (v.,j)dA :::0
Jlc.s. TROL VOLUME;
1'~'Vi -~(As~ flliVj) =0 ZFJ(&' fl'S~,«v.n)dA+~dV
o
~ :: ~s lIS +~ 15- :: :!'1(iO/ps)t:~'{~ ZF;c= Fx
(( VA',£'(v.n)M
)}c.,s.
=PK1f-}.f) Ga~e]2A
a) ~ = li+ps - P [ v-- v;,]2. A
h) B. - P, =£If(Jt :7{1oa) .. '.0;(<10)1
l
- Fx = fJA(v:Vc )~(C05"e-I)
~.I"W TI4'S IS THE FORCE ON THE C.v. AT
~ -p. =lilT psf == ~76~, THE' WHEELS. FoRCE ON VA NE
DUE TO wATER J:LOV,-
RK=pA (1T-1JC):t(j-~os~)
POWER TRANSFeRRED TO VAllE j
lOO ~ - "---::;~
~ --"',---'~}
P; Rx V"e ::. pA 1JC (v-lJ"J' ( 1- c.cs~)
LET m= 1rc/v-
';'i:2"'~~JsA :3~ p= "A11'ttt (lJ"-1J"nt)~ ( I-GOS~)

F= k5. vccs6dm=(-z-oX-i.Jz
q
FCR "Pmo..,c.J 1: =0
-::- FaRcE ou F'LUfO) ALso ow PU\l~ I-~Ht +3ttt· =0 :. m= I aR ~

20
 ttl::: I as MIN1MUM
.~ FOR "P='P~J =~ ~a.) v-*
THE VANE I~ AlTACHeO To A
\VH£El of RADI(IS ... ; NoTE TWA1
ALL MAss HITS CA'RT
M«j == I'Av-r[1Tc.. (I-'-DSe)vc::ose-~
COAISERVA-not( OF MAss!
:: I'Av-r (/- case X"t1C -u-) V,A. =~A2
m= VC/v- ). MaM~NTUM :
?= ~A v- 3 ( , - ccse)(m:l.-m) 2F=f-oolm
~
P.A, + ?(A:l-A.)-~~-~AASf> ~~
@-o' IAA_
dMot - ) nl - '"'-

.: FOR -P-P,..,ClX I clc:N -11 = /rv;.2A;. -;0 1{lA,

Q.E. D. =< b)
REA'RRAWGINq
(P.-~)A, - ~ (A;l-A.) t- p (~-t\)
5:13
-f'9A<1 y =- /Y A, v,-(,;;:-tr,)
P. - ~ t- (rs - P:2. ) (~ -I )r'S ~ y l.
CONSERVATION ~ MASS -= jJ1r, (~-v,)
~M + 5d~ =0 ~ = H r4"P ) -v;. =V,i'A1f)
A2 = At +.AA _
M =If X T/,'~
-AP .... (p-~)AA -~4Yf -;>v,£IJ
Jd~ ::: -~~ (UNIT CROS~ ~EGT10N) .A, I

flz i +//"i-/iV; =0 As AV-o-+dY J AP-dP ~

X=Vw, ~=-~ A ~ A• (p-aJAA ~o
.1

So -dP _pgclY -=..ov-cIv

~(1T"",-~) =fl';-~
. (I)
:. dp of-;nrdv- t-~ dY :: 0
MCt'\1ENTUM
r
~ FJ( =: ~ if-cJM + ifd.-H r
:::?t (~x&)- V;tf~
"Pa-Pa
= ~ ~ l.C ~1f4 =~A (vw -zr)
FROM (I») ';;,.02 (~-~s) =A' It,1..[ CD
A1=' 0 TO? ",,:l A2., = .113<1 m':&.
.:1i-P, -A~1&
v; == 12 tvJ/s LIi = ?'I{V tHis
R== 12i KPa.~ 11 =1l.{5" J<P~
2.1
 Q= Av; -= o.3l/"I'4 Ht"l/s F)( + P.A,-~~ = 1M (u;. -11,)
m /,Q= 841.1.1 k'~/.s F'x= mClI:z.-t()-p'A, + P~A:a.
g FJ( = If"V;c a.-H o;A. +~A:a""~ +Po..t-.(A.-Aa)-=o
0; A, =-Ii- -O',iA2 -l'o.~ (t\,-A.1.)
Fr +P.A, -P~A.;\ CD'5I)-~(v;.cose-y;)
0; A, = P. A, - BzA.l -m(V2 -11,)
Fx =R" -=/,Q("5~e-v;).,.p~cose
-BA, - o.iA;l - ?G..~ A. +~ilt'A:z.
=
R" (ZCff.1X-S".S'22) +1l/2~o - 9~9. 6 0-= L/922 ps; (IE~SION)

::: S"OS:S- JJ
-~---=-.::..-----,
F'3 - ~A2 s;,,8 =;:JQ. (1{ sine -0)
F~ ~ "R~ -':jJQv;..s,'r18 .... B.A..1 sine
= +r:a2
31?$
'R~ = H, 3GJS' N·
Z F' = rc.~. vd m
R= rOUT
vdm - ( vd~= Fao~f·E.
)n~ FLUID

= 2 fa 3Jf'~2(~)\~j t-f'ifo.l3ol
....
tiAj --;l, V;; 2 bd (MOMEN1UM
OUTSIDE'
SEC.TION ®
~ + 'P.1 A2 - P3 A3 ::. ~ (\Jj -1,.1;.) R::'2,o~2d..,. 3p~~- 6/,v;, 2d
Fx = ttl (lJi -1Ii)-rf3 A:J - P~A.:z. :: -r>Vold
o-A +"R1"m (A 3 -A~) - F)(=O FoRcE o~ CVLlNDER.: -R=l't{/J
o-A =Fx.-RiMtAs + Pc-mtA:z.
m(Vj-v;,).,.(p~-Rn.,)A3 ~ -~--
o-A:: S'Jt
~-'P~)A.2 tJ;=10fps ~
o-fJrof.)=E!' (33ao) t U:~~(:l~t
3!U ~ 0.) AIR: lfw = 1130 fps
- SHi. ~ ~(12)· 1'= O.0023? slc..c.gs./Pf3
0--= I Z2/ psi (COMPRESS/Otl) A'P= ~ -P. =Pal.{." ~ :(.OO:131XIl 30 )(,q
-
A.UID o;-A,
~
N02lLE =:26.KQpsf = O. 116 'i!ps;

b) \VATER: VW = 11100 fps

- p:" /. <t3'l "5/W3S./ f+3
SECTlON CD
2Z
 ~rp= (l,q37X 41100)( 10) to..l1o( =;l<l.11
3E:§' =.?03" oc == 3So
= q,} oi'o psf : ~'33 ps;
a) e. = 125"0

S.!1 3 ~­ AXIAL. L04l) ~ F c }c:s.vdm

VALVE OPEN ~:= J. 71 cfs v= <S2.M
FoR AN OBSERVER. M() V/~ AT V': (i·?fX I 'lei) = 2 't?(. fps
3M/s} THE SITUATION LOOkS UK£' ~('&-I)
vb)
LOAD = (t. ?lX6'IX 2 I. 1') : TT J~
~O ~lfw-3 4-V"~-3 ny~ '3:1. J74{

W/HcH IS :nJs.r LIkE! PRaa. 5".13.

SINCE Vw ~ 11133 mIs, I------··-=r
Vw -3 = IQ30 w.J.s [ t ~--Lo=-
~ P == r'V",./A'V= (looafl 'l30}(3) r 1.2 in
= 4287 KPc.

5:20 FOR STEAJ)Y F~W EM z =ffcfxOz)c1ti

---I
I .'---'"
L..- _ _
----y
I c.v.

"THE RADIAL VE LOC.TV AT 12 RELATIVE

To TH E: IMPe:LLE"R = <51
~:' &CO~. \( ~)(. ~6S"q fP \
\"- K11f\ ) \ bas - cy.1 I ,

= 10. ;J.1:l tp!> ~ M~ =M~ TCR'<UE ON ~PRJNI<LE~

THE ABSOLUTE" VcLoc.ITV (TAN6EuTJ I3Y SHAFT:
= Qr;- ~ =82.38-/0.~1;) =-1'J.17fps. {{ ~."5.
I ; x~1 ~ p(v.y,JJA=2(p Av't-r;lJ)

TORGU E: = r~ 'tflS5.
-.-- 'It ~= 10.21'2.

VR~IO.""''l.
f' VR A
• 8.2."38'
M, = -2l'Av 2 rfj
= -2.('2.~1)'Tf( ~f(C(OO)!s.
<jc.

T~ .l . ?2./? •.!d- . Io.:u~ {2frsY- 'J = - 1. ~ U:)f-ff

12 32. 1?II 14{C/
= 2()1/. 7' i+-Ib
f
1=bWS< :: WI = 45: J" np
5:13 J
T= (rxv)d.t:. =- "'R(\lt'si~
-w~)'p2Al.fr
1= Mf
Mf =2AfJ lIr R (vr 'Sit1ol. - wR)

23
s~ ~ ) L
~ ~ t II I x
i-- 3' • +' /" ----1
XM2 = ff~s('-xV~ -~o)l'(v.A)dA . =~out
mitt
-
:: sq3 r( La (v)-t dr -\I plfh = pv-(o. +b)
:. b-o-. =hcosO(.J b+o.. =h
= -~v:l.t [rP5]~=7'V~t(36) b = h( 1+ cascX)
2. .
V = ~
.::l..
/') g L.
I.:t = c~/
t = 4-;~
-.
bt' 0. -= h (I - cos ex. )
.: M~ =595"8 ft -lbf
:2

ZF"~ ::- f V'j dm

, _I _+_t_f_I_ _
r I IVs ~-v.
F:pv2. h sin ~
I I b) XMr :: )(0 X O)z dWi
L
F"~l =~ 1!f'Va -~ V";,vb
.:: pv 2 hsiYloc.R= ~,Pv.J i:lf'V.:l.
2F =1k<iyp(v n)dA +;t}[2pdV o

,,_ I , (o.':l-b~)
FaR caQR'DI NATE F=1X'G'£) TO cAR .{ - 2 h ~l"""'-
I,." )(- DIRECTlotJ Z Fx = l; =J:lI(.Y-2coso(-f ~ ?f-2cOSc(~
r( C'5
V;r ,LXO.n)dA =pAj
..
11 (-'1> 1I 2 h sino(.
. . -f'Ac V~ (-ve.)
f= 11 cotcX
&~)fc.v. V)C pdV=:. ('(Ae Vs :-Aj~')(O) 2

:.FK::f'[Ac.V;Vc -Aj1f2.]
I)J y- DIREC.T/ON l:F~ -= F'j
f~c.s.V'j p(-(J·;')dA :: 6oA~ vsX-~)
;- CfJAi Vi X0)
~ fcr v. IJdV=O
dl: )J)c. v. Cj r

:. F!j =,0 Ac. vs:z.

. FORCE OF FLUID ON CAR" R= -~
24-
 H2 = h~ + 2 v-:1 n/9
H -= Yh~+(2V~hY9 R= ? (h2 -L:a)-f'h~(1J[ -I)
529
Q,~j)()ny
V. h( =Vz h-z-
M.o~UJ-.1
~h.I~n.Z= ~Al)~
?"' So hjz ,~ =5'0 h,h
Wt,AlilC :z Jv, hi (V2 -V,)
~

~.-i~~" ~V.hJ (V2 -V,)

~GNnw(rr V2. 2~h/h~
dn~ (ft>~:) =V;~h, (~,-h~
b) USING CONTRoL VOLUME-lI) 2
~Fx= f(t:.J(xl'(O-.J1)dA f~V=i' ~1... ~I-Ya.

ZFx= P.A, -~Az. -""R=YnAV}(

o
h.: th, h~- 2 v,\~ =0
1=1h - P:lL -1< ~ phYa(~-V.) ~~h2
R= Pah -~L-,ohv.2('X-I)
F'ROM HYDRO"STAT/C:~
~l = ~ (~-"("'-~f
2 gh,\
-0
~ ~U1i).)vrrY
p=: ~ ~i"c:X 1. )
«='f)
-P. -=1' <j 11
1.=f' 1,. =~ Vz = 1~'~~ {1~~V;~k,)
:z

L5
5."3D r - - -, TAk:l1J<l ~ ~ 6
USD..r:;T~ l~ ,; I W~Tb>TW6~
~L~j. ; f:~~1I
It: -3'P2 A4T:3V SAV
M=s>A h Vz - n:
m, '" gAV: -~ AIi L _k' Y - 3'4~l ~T = B.S
T :: 40.3 R-~bF
~ + *dt<A, :.0 c.v.
. . 5,~ r - - - - - --,
~ gA n-- sAtt:rD 2

~(J\Jtff1 ls SAr{~USD
v,----+- _+
L-
tv1~ LUrr14 t A$ + e.v-)J - - - - - - - -t
L f(f " ~ -t ~lJ~dM Hg

roo. TH& C. V. AfDIE

~~~5 _Asas ~lQAL

-~~~+sA %ih~)fh2 L~: ~~d~

~u:r Is 'k z -~ ~+ ~ A,-~At% ~(V2-VI)
fj~ V2 ~ ~Sf;{2~ Of
5.3l ~J~~~JD
~.~~~
'9, -fz :Tf4Js ~ k ~
USWG -rut;. c~v. Af!CM5 Wrrf4 o:=>&T~~~*
~ Is (Ll~ ~ As g~~)
I I To TH-g ~(~Ha>w)
LjM~ :: JCcrxu)t>e dM Pc +Jwa(L4-t)= ~tS'-t+~tz-
'
~-~ ~~(J~fJw)
l:
m01n~ :z

V ~ ~ := ZL19 +t.;~
=71.~~ \ZPa.-
, A: y~ +l: L
=O.442 W~"L
 =0.02.51 mi
~ 'J'
Q -:::.A,V, 'Z 'IT (.08)5
4-
rh: gQ :z 2'5_15 tzrs
V2 :r V, ~~J '" (2.8 M,i
~ 2 m(V2-~)+~-~)A,
~ 2 19<O ~ 3«) 55coN "2

5.??J

SUSCE ~S~ 15 Cbv~

WL W = ~CUT=S<4Xt)LO st~
tno..q = eo] s/~

mOOT ::I :2 5'0) fJ-dY

o
= 2J152 fa-cps ~'( }:IY
()

~2glJ2[Z-~]
~: lf2 = ~ 1!- :z 55.0 ~~
4'[-8

2..7
CHAPTER b FlUID APPEA'Rs TO BE H;z. 0 ,I

ASSllME' NO 'PHAsE CHAf-IGE;

6.1 I--~ THEN '2.-r,)
11 - LJ V-l)
CD I I I.Z..,.= 22 -2
.1.- I

---,
P,=:/S-'"~L
0, =.25 Itt
-t-_ J IT
~:: 175"KR..
D:z=alS'2 ~
'

WORK
,. - ~ S(et !)d.;,+ ~ rrC..:;{dV
o J~S. ~~-
:. -1r= (et ~J ~ -(e rl), m
=~[,lU,,-U, +~~-u.2. R :l
2"- + ~'i + ~(~-i')J
';"I

S/ijCE 12 =- T. ,/
U 2 .: U,

•
m =f'Q =1025·.'2(= 21S.2Sk1ls
V, =AIQ =4.278 M/!)
V'- = A'l
Q = 1/. S7~ m;~ n-\ de.( T U ~ :z homl~1 u =CvT
<H: dot n

P, ~ IOl/3Jdt-· IS",HjAf- '3~'!?I;) W\ d <-\ = (n o - u) WI IN

oJ ~ :M.92 il1 ~ J ~t

C", II =(C p To -Cv ~Es.)0Av ),N

= 'i/~ 32 b Po.
dt flV
SU&STITUTION YIELDs
~$W ~= (§; To -1R)CAv)'N
cH =~J1916
'2C
AI.., =
5
35.9 KLJ V V
MIUUS SI~}J I NDICATES WORK To :::. ~N 1" V,./
2Cp
INTO FLUID.
::: S30 ti'I()J~{J. 35ST:1') 'B.p..
(:) X. 21(){ 32.Jr'() f.l.lhf/'os"l{t(xl()~j
=- >31.01 ~R
~ = (1.1{ ·5'31.0{ -5"30)71(~ tOlo)
~t ~ 10

::: 2"'. io/

= 61!J "E
'5
6. 'I sa _J'fAl
de
.:: ((ore. + ~ )(0 ·il )dA
cit )lC.~_
- [lJs = M~f'Pl. -~q~ + 111 :I._l{t+- ~~l
de [- (->9 .2 'j IJ
r~ ((f 4dV
~t
o
»>f.v.-' =(lXr.:J.l/) .trnO+b)/I{I(.r, t 53.7-:2'.0 +51
~L- 62.1./ 9'" t;(32.J~'I) j
JL.ie~ +-'%)I'(v.n)dA =0 .
- dW.s =2?iS-I Ff -If".
tri. +t(I+~ =f+~ t~~ r} dol:
=: 5"D.6 hp
5

U:z. - (..(. = P. -~ == C v .1T

6.1 ~_ _ _ __
to
AT :: ?,-J=i c v --I ~ CD • ®
fJC v Ib,.,eF (fW-u----==----
=IO·lq" = 0.029'7°F Ah:: 2.5' em.
'2.'1 (IX??l)

6s - ~~s = ~c~+-~)f'(O'n)dA
[£Js = gQ. 6"5"0 = qo~ 000 ff.~tf
tit . K2 P. -B =25"",. 10/, 3:2S i=h./a;fns
o
~ (e.T~)o(v.n)dA =/Avf>1- _~l. 10 2 10. 33 mH;.ola.+m
~~. 2
== 2l(5'.;; I=b.
+.! ('Po-~) +- ~ (l:\~ -'jA) + C~l v/' = .3.& = :2 ·2'15':2 = ~02 ~
f' 0 j P h22 s~

Ps =- aws/dt-
AV t'ii tell' -,-LJa (!.jA-~ ) V.:. 20. 0 I+t/s
2 Tf- J B
Q = Av= 7TG3)2fl-O)
-q-
=I.t/I? mJs
=(-2010 t 3 g 5"0 +- 3CJ 25" -I- q~7) == 5'0.0 ft3/S
== G702 psf"" =~6. S" psi""
6.6 ,7 D-IO"

®li=LiO~

CD 1?= -6ps'I~

29
 -~w= I.:U~ I.'1l1m 3 20 2 ",~ MOMENTUM:
de M~' 5* ·2 SS
f>. -
~ )A. = p~2A, -1'1f,'lA,
= 346 "" oR .3Yb KW
-,0 t!i '4 A3 ccs.G
= 0.465 hp
P,-~ =
6.i ENERGY EQUATION - STE.ADV p
,..:" hOI + 1IM31103 = Wt:z ho :{

A'S p=c/ v,AI(CvT. + ~~ t~)

t V3 113 (C", 73 + ~3~ t ~3 ) = ~ A; ( C vTz

+ V.l2 r ~ )
2 ,.0 + ~2[43~
-2 • VI - 2 b, c.osB ~
AS T, =- 7;) p, ="P3 I ... Ihv3 A.
A,V,

,u
r
e= v T, l' ~ v,A, f V:.A.3) t A, v,3 t"A!.vf
2:2

=V:zA2 (C 7i ;'2 +- ; )v t

FRoM CONTINUITY;
V, A, + tI, A3 = v2,.A:z J 112 =V. -r 1r, ~
~A2 ~V (T;1 -T.) +P=; P,] = ~,~ lft~
+A3tJjV;~ _ ~ Vl.1&2.
2 :2 6.9
CAN ELIMINATE Z6.
C v (72 -T,) = P,-'f;i + V. .!:1,.2 + AJV] V3~
,.0 1f:2 A;:~.:l
_ V.14 «Yc.'S. p(et~)(v.n)dA=O
,-
T
lL ~ V ':1
So Cv(-r; -T,) = P. -P:a. + I 1I,;\ ve, -:4 + U13 - £.lit t "Ps - ~ :::a 0
r' It A3~ 2 2 ;z>
A,V,
+_~-_~ V:::)" --v.M( 1+ It 3 11:):1.
VA ::= Q = 3f1o/s =3. B2 fI'/s
A-!lI3 l
3 AA 701 (19-):1
A3 ~ tA, v..4 ;;. I A,'if
Us = Q
Ag
=/fg
~ tI~ = '-IlI.4 =15.28 fl;ts

~ -~ = Vs:l. -'{12. + c.{~ -U

A
I' Z
PA -~ - 10','" + . liSP.
109 -:2 (3J. J =?'I)
 ~-""B3 = 2./S' Q. of flt.\id Z~r = vi! dtH r ;:r \ (
c.s.
p(O. Vi) V~dA
fCj
~ = Z f1- + 2. IS A of flt.\ic:I
-F -Lv' +PA(A = -111 VzlA + ~(o)
USE GAGE PRESSURE ~ R~5Um
= 4.15 w- at flu.lcl. FROM 6.10
...-I:t!.{ r: := -t.J of- PA/A + mVz fA
6.JO ----=-t
w:: p Q VOLUME

-= 6:l.l./nr~~.s +'lI) =1/1. / /hi

( ~S-7" j.'1

!/rIA = IIlAz :S'1.51(2.7r'12 '-b-)

t\4 t-1T. 1~ -;
lIi IA :: 3Z.6Q fps
F:: -111./ r 10 '!!.1.+ 62.'{[,3S'X3r..,
VA: 2.1{'5'"Y "Us =3.gj V I.{ 52.lrl(

~:l:: lI.JI V4 1:!§..'-= 1.:3 V2 F =1399 16[ ON FLUID

2 2 FoRCE oAt LID IS /39'K Ihr 1
FaR TI-I~ COlJTRoL VOLUME SHCWN;
b)
~ -~ -{if:: f{(er ~>,(V. n)cM THF FORCE ON THE LID IS
o 0 t. 0 t +~~C.S.pdV THE INTF6RAL 01= THE' PRFS-
SURE OVe;K THE' AREA O~THE
~t LID.
o 'C.v. WHILE "'BE-RNOULLIS
EQ UAT7 0 NG tves lis P= PCVEL.)
~ -'PH + VA :l.- Vl.'2.. t ~ (l1A - ':i 1. ) ::. 0 \viE Do NOT KNOw THE VELO-
fJ .L ern' VARIATION ALON6 THE' LID.
(IO./l/L/ Ibf/f+ 2 ) + y2( 1.11-"7.3) CD ®
6:2.'1 lh""/f+3
~G
6.12 Q=6~ AIR

+ "32. r;L/ (-;" 1 -:! 0

y2 = 1'/2.3 y = 13.5" ~ ~ :lC\LCOHOL
fJ=·
'S
~J.I:tQ
"P. -~ =0.1 WI <l.lcohol :: n L/ •'l~ Pc.
6./1 A.="'U'(6)2 =.2'83..,.,~
L/
~LUIO VI = ~/A, = 6",,'!./~ /'j.'83 ",.,:1 =21.22 "]If;
WEltiHT
f + ¥l. + tj rl =, -t lj2 + ~ ~2.

31
 - -'A;:l·) IS INTRODtJc.e:D (ST'A. fa)
Ps .,. YJ.~ +S ~5 = 'P.s ~ V'B~ + '3 i!,.B
P 2 P 2

~2. =<j d - '118 -"Pa.+It1

p'-g =7gJ.f. 86 N/rn2 = 6LfO.2~ Z f'"~.o
P 1.226 ~/m3
a) B£11J£EN STATION lA (AFTER
6'10.
2
= ~~r-J (2;2)~r-~ AIR IS INTRODUCED) E@
I

'R ,,2 :l
~ +.!2 -t <j l,2 == ?A + V,A t SZ,.A
~t=3."ZLfI Az= .510A, =a./II'1ml. PM 2 PM2
~ = 'Pa.+m ~ V,2:: II,A I Z~ -2'A =htd
~ =. tl29 n1
.1. '"RA - Po..i,"
6.13
--
.
CONSERVATION OF MASS ..

mA,R
.
+ WI H~o ==
.
~~I)(
V. ::L _ V J. 'j"')
l. 1+ i2.-p,= 0
2 P ~AIR +fH~o A 11113 = PM1r A16.
V, = 5:1 fps I U;1 = U.S" ~ tMH:z.o » ...nAIR (O£J.Js,T'{ 'RATOa:.' IO!)
11- p. =
,.oj
-2.0'15' Fl- of H2 o
= - 2 .a45 " H;2 0 ( I' fig 0 '\
13.b "H;1a)

= -0. /5"05' ' H-S -: -/.1r' Hj

MANOMET~R 'READING' 'S GREATER
AT (J)
.: ~= 2 V2 (Q.fI XI.K)('-P;r]J ~
- 5'. 9~ IHls
6.JlI
h
6J~
~4---~.. '~----------
..
d ."
CD :.': . .~~-
.
USE: SfRNOVLLI £QUATION BfJ1JE'EN
AIR

h - 6' ·1
-
A) SUR~AC£ (5)*0 BEFORE AIR 1(- ~"-!jf/=f{c5.(e t ~)f'(v.n)JA
31
 b) "'P. =B -FrS" = 136./3 ~
'F?z ~1'o -~~ =(1.21 ){24)1.=3'1'l.<fift,..
.2

~?=B -? ='3Ql,1I1- /36./3

= :J/~. 3S- Po..
AH = A"P = :2IJ."35P..
o.16~oj (O.1~jJOOO~/m3'Xq·f1~
I

6ft

IAJllfRE K, = 2 A P J K,. = :2~

P

t: -~ ~ ~K' +K~(Yo-2)'fs -(KI+K1YO~ APPLY

TO TANK:
CoNSERVATION
~M
~ + f
Or: MASS
d~ =0
"t c.s.
~AT = Gbf = 40.2~ '5~ M =Tlo2.hp
K2A-r ~ ft 4
.,fP =(5"-3)09:- 46. '6 ~ ~M = '1l"O:1.f' dh (c1m= 'i/d:2..pvc
t}l.
;it ~ at' )c.'i. LI

't(,=(2Xlf~.~)(r~.'Xq)(3:;.JflI) 30 zfP' '7IDf dh +- r-r#dlp ~ =0

. (. KS") (.1S-)(12)(~2.") = J. S4
i.J at 7(

4h d
4

~"'J<:l.('1o-:2B~=~CJ.i+2c~p~ 12.21£ ...I

~t-
t-Uc-O
0" -

APPLY' 'BERNOULLJ ('QVATION =

[I<, fK,. ~y =[3D2.Z +.2~(S~=2l/. 99 ~ AJ BITtJ£EN SURFACE iI 8
.: r= -~o.;J.S(~.J? -:2¢,9'1) 4
~ - 'i1t'AC = - lie. _ '3 H
:::: 109. S- S :: 1.125"',..,;,.. ,a :2

"'S.) "BETtJEEN '5VR~AcE' ~ C \

Pc = 'Ps =~T~} Vc.2 =2 <j L

.: 'Ps -i?s = -(L +11) :: -It! Ff
f'9
Vc :: ,I;2.qL = 25: 3~ f'ps
 Q = Av =trd:2.Vc. = O.I3i! '(:t 3/ 5
~

~ +..£ Vc: :0 0
dt: 0'"
Vc -: y 2'jL - (h o -h) ho=I1@t=o
LET 11-h, = z 4h = d~ Vox- = ~. Cbs 30- ; VD<J = VJ' 'S,' 11 30
I dt dl:
.". ~. :5.'25'"15
dZ! d'l...,r m?s
dl .,. D~ V2'j L (I +z) = 0 Q = VJ' A. ::. 4.42.10"""
HEAl> = 'j + ~."J.
-3 -
( dr :: -d':1.Vl~L (' dt .19
)oYlf2A. D:l Jo =.6+1.6' =2.2.1 1ft
~~. @ t=o h". 1,. ,/B t =T ho-S, = 3'
-3
c
2L '/,- 24. ; .= -::1..~ '{JaL T
o 0:1. J

T- JL D~ ( )
- d.1 Y;2c.3 l I - ..; I - 3//..
A
= 105"1/ s == '30.9 /H;". Br;:T1JEEJ.J CD f ® :
~~, + v;i r ] ( = '3 <12 +-
V;z'" t- 'PI
6J185~=/21;..7f.ps~ T:l/o-p oP.2 .~ :z;p
Vi = Y;2'3 (tj,-~hJ = 35". q fps
PAr... = p~j"~J(1O.?.3 I~ "=2051.11!1l. Q= A;z V:z. = 0.733 .f13/s a.)
~} fl.2

fJ=:E ::. :205"1./";') =. OO~ 39;< slu,

VA :: Va=Vc. =Vt:> =AA.l U
~
-~
-4'
~()O
RT

PAlM + ~2t7}2._:E
(,115" it!
= "/.9 rS -Fps b)
f> ;( -,0
t 020P
.2 BETWeEN
?A =- "B+TAt
CD * A:
1-,.0<3 (~I -<:1.1) -,0 Yd.2-
AP =(- 00~3'P'l!5912 - #l1/()o) = 2'1.12 pSI
, ::z

= 1.3(,6psf =O. tXBSpsI3 '5LMILA~Lc,lJ

P= :J.05"I.lr.r/.3" =2052:5 ?sf

~ =11> = '2;:;.12 p'S~

:: 14.2Cpsi 'Pc: = 1£#, IS- P~'t

6.19 6.21
 A = ".193 fI'J. ~ v= ~ -= 6.5S fps

,+ g: +2
':11 <j -= "P.1
(),p- Plfl" ()~
t + HEAD:. v~ -=
.2~
S:21"O
6'1.Q
= Z2.S-f}-

~'P= 11'112 = 5'279psf =3'.~i

11.= -f:1. Q
- V?_ -b(3.l.1'~(/) - (US)).
I' J 2"- --r
~I{ THRUST - Q V I V - AnJs
=- t.1,.'L ~: hp -- Q Ah
p.:: -(62.'1 1~)(f.".2. AJ~) =: -2.i,7 ps;~ • Til RUST -.. Q. {i;i; _ ~
~lf ,,~'" / .• hp Q AIt yAh

.: HIGH VOLUME', LoW PREcs.S()~E'

PUMP.

b.'2~ 1>= S'Ops,'3

D: Il I"
CD A CZT'/., ~2.
=
STATION : AT SURFACE O~ 1-1-,0
V, =
3.6'l,f,,!o
P. :: 'P~", ) \), -= 0 ~ '1,:: 0
Q::. 1.9 cfs S.<i. - 0.'0
STATION : AT PUMP IN LET
hL = 'B - ~ + v, :2, _ Va. J.
':h = q' I ~ = 'P. .
P:J :lj

~rAl =(1'141)(45")
~
+0 +0 = '('+ Et
~
t
2",1I~:t -1-4' (61. 'IJ.O. "S)
+
,'I -"1211/
6 't. 4
v:z.":Z.. _ BT.t\ - B- - "8:JLI,/U'/.7-.2'O.) = 130 - II :2 ':: J g ft.
~ - p~ 62.'1
-~ = :2S:~ 6.2'
V:l.= ~().¥ tpS ~ A= 'iT:Ja: :2'7.1 ~"2
l./
Q= All = "7.Fo ct5 c..I
Q:: (7. loX (0)( J;;r)= ~sol ;;W~ FROM 6.~
~
V \8 = ~ cl- -P,~ - ~,.",
6.23 I=RoM DATA OP PRoBLEM S::ZOj :z. f' tt~ 0
VElCXny LEAVJN6 IMPEUER
J 'lI
I
r =I".~:z. fps
PIA - P,mM = tj (h+cl)
,oM
.,.-- w r: : 1,.:2. fps
Vt; = 10.22 fp$ J
So "PIa -1?1A =P+I:a,o <3 d - f. ~B:z.f'~ 0
t 10.2:2
L..
_______
.fps '7:2 -rps -~ <j (h+d)

35
 A q2 % REOlXTION.

/'.2'1

tM ='pAh
::f' 7:;r'l.(hfho)
ACROSS SECTION ONE J THE VE L- ~
d-t
= p'TIJt
.~
dh
dt
OCITY CHANq£S BY A FACTOR
OF ABOUT 2. UNLESS THE:
~t :: ~fi1 vC(At = /l![t.:J."; 29 h
MOM£NTUft1 OF THE AIR IS SUF-
FICIeNTLV LARGE -ro
ACC[LERATE
THE FLO~ THERE WILL 'BE· A ~ :: -d 20 \.bur = -d~ i ~Cjh
t)2- D~
PRESSURE: DROP, A CHECK OF
AIR VELOCITV "REQUIRED YIELDS
SUPERSONIC AIR SPEEQ, THUS WE C2~ h~dh =J(~-d~
o D~
~ dt
~
MAv N£~L£CT THE AIR MOMENTUM.
:n~ I;,:: -~ vSS t -= :2(J-m~-b.S&3
t AmP. AIR : v,Jj~~
t : -(-G.st>3X/5)2. -- /''-.L7
l. BEFORE AIR ~ 4a-t -~ -l ~T sec
rl~
i~X-s'J.r~i{) ( ;Y;:2.t .
ZFl: = ) Vz drM = /l0.~ Ift;K

fiB -11... )A = m(v

I~
2 -V,B)
=~A~ (V2 - ~ '4)
"Prs-"PlA =-~2.(I_g )
,a~o
~~p'~-_....J
A
. fJu,p ,
TOGE.THER WITH BERNOULLI EQVA.

~ vt(J - ~o)= CJd~oU-tJI i-~)]

I Ll 2. v.l.
1FIlJf!EN A ~ E
- - 1M J..
2~

~,. = c;;!d PH~O r, - ~(\t ~dn } -r

2.
2
V.A of-
2
~ 2!A = ~
Pz.
f Ve;.2. + «j
2
rE
p,... II - A4 ) -PE :"Pc: -I;' ~ L2 ~ =V
2~o
I
\
.,..---:--~-----:-

'6 ~ 9. iIXI.8~X' -1 !) :s 3.113 IM/s

~ = <:JL 2 t "Pc _ Fa ~ L~ -rJ!." _ UA:l.
I-~ Ii Ii If 2"2
 50 ~--Pc = -Va~, '3 L:z. C~ -~ ) f t1 V1
Ii :2 2"R2.

"PA --Pc. = ~ L2, (1- P.) t Jl..2. v:L (1. - ~~ of-.!. t; ~ -t" ti - A )
~ 7J 2 "R 'R"'Pa 1 'Ra. If 2 :z Rl.

ASSUM INq Va ~ 0 =~ ~ THEN = <jL:a (p. ;l! )

Pa = -Pc =P" v 2 ~ 2tj L :z. (P./,p:z. -I)
~ = ~ L:z. (~ -0 1+ I-~~
"'R~

6.2<1 FROM 6.2g' ~.3{)

~ -Pc; :: -(! Va:4 ,
':r U SINe; C. V. AtdOUJ-ll> ~ u,..s.
""p. - p
A C:2
U:l +9 L2 (~-f.')
=,.g :. I
-~:l ~
2
~ e+P y: : ~. At-~
CONT/N VITC/: p. 43 ::l)
I 12 ~ ~
:: _ V "8 tV !::: 9D(J\ J l)~::: LfoUr
'R
.'.e. A HEATER So
AsrAo<
~~~ d~ IY'::; Uot.:rr t-~~

Vg':l,. : a:l)l Jll.

- R:1.
~ LI. l. = JL:
;4 ~~
.: AU "" coAl"" dA~
I

~-Pc. :: -A (~rz~l CU--=C'f=4~DD S/~'IS

:1( f?j 'R.1.
"PA -"Pc ~ ~ t~ L-'J.(~ -f.) -Ii Vl
AT:79.<a(~ l~'" ~ ~
}Ll.
2 ~

ACROss f.fFATER (PRESSURE ORaP)

s: 4~r
~ F« s rVx drn Vs-f- -i-UA
-P1 1---0.
AT ~O.~5P~
?s ~--' <j\

(P-s-"PA )K=I'fi'Va (VA -Us)

I

.. 'P~-?A =t!' JL(V -U ~)c: ~'lf_A)

2 'R R 1< It -;<:1. l Po
COMBINING WITH 'BER tJOULL, EQUA.
Ii "L~(I_ ~L) = -p,r8.)2~l. _ ..121~
1(.1. ~ 2"lp' 1<1 '2
 6>.'31
tJ~ur;a-£U~
TW*~C»A
OFT~ 'JJC1DM~ AI CZ-,1 ~AP
f
-
T~~ ~TC46 V~~L.
~~ '<'lA5t-DS A~= M~
~ A'P:z 1?~ 9An.\ .
T~ ~CJJLL' ~~
We~ ~t5N J~ Iw> "\.. "2-
TS(!; ~AP '(~ h£. :: lJi- - u;. + h -h 2.
L:?, n
~~=. ~+l)~
'L,
23 l

s> Y 2- lr:~JJ(XJU...( ~. is VAL-fP

TUO$ hL. =D. Urgscg w~ Mu~
o:L
~:z AP ~ Ie
(y. .z 7(,]w> S~<n nL/6, Twcs <:;'(/E!;~
Z -:it $
Y J> ~ ~y Be; l.del1FG~
~ /~ ~27~2.
h2 ;, ~(Jt~B-l)
2..
13:: 8~
;-
T~ J7lL)W ~ l~ M =~Q) ;Jh,
Il-=-
'\ u:~rr·~2~ .~«r ~B~S IF'h~211,.~~
~{s
Q :: 76.7 ·Z4·"2. 49.4 ~'%'
~ ~ ZUi (1.f./J-fB)
1
[00
M., ~ <st. 76 b~1s F
9ol»~
SOB<M(nm).J~ 1#T<2 ©
~'" 2 +~_L -(~
-~. '" 1i+~~)~(e~~)J t'll -4 2B
(0 26
o~ ~LA>S ht.. :zoD JOe ~
A~ h1.>D FOe 5>8-
38
0.33
GJerr(].,f~ NbPrF 16.D
&fo.O.JLL{ ~
~$CC
c.
£! -t Y2,."1. ~ls;- =R: + ~~4hL
?J 2(1 J78 2(j
k)Zl.c) ~ ~ \?: : ~~ J ~zO USl~~t~
25-2:c :::Z H ~~Aw9~A

~ J..(~I/l-=. a.+w-tS
LJ:'1.. '4
~ + hL =H= 367 ~
2(5 t (] ~ 20 ~ 20
W~ ~ 2 '0/ (Je Z 9.32f;-f~
~:~=: ~"~%2WV
L
q Al& ::: f;.CE6·ro
2 cfs
~.'34-
LSvg:; fu (;. \() ~ FOe ~~=-2:5VW=L~VW e
A C. v. &J:I03Wc:fr~ ~p
~ (%~vw \1')P~
-?JA = ~ ?-?~% Ail?
at g ~
b.%
=~ fp'lM:~tR Lcr V-=A~Br:V(r)

Q -z fr:) Z Yrm :l.~ ~

3 V(Io) =0 A +f>G
2

Q4-%a) $·re :0 A:;z -~ro V=B(r-ra)

I

Qf/?;;: (1).\44 ·1.25~ ~ V(~-)2 wdh ::z -etr{ -~)

~'FV\
}/0cur;I2 % ~
~fJfl
:z'. fBI~Us fO'~ ., ~ V(r)zu.rl
2-
r- G
(.-_~

E ".Y~:r~ ::.4.1{, ·10 !!!c. .F.".... ( 10

59
 '~ hL~~J~t:'6
I-I~ V: LY2 }%i~"lJ~
1. 1-
2 ht...2.~% 3th
&T~JJ ~ AJJ.t> Z I
<J Z%,
~ ,. t.5. .t$ '% nL-~ ~ + o;'l.-, of ~z.
~% cfI/~f~)
S(3 20 ~ ~
~a 2 1< u: zl) r. S--"t 2- U
--I;> I
-z U2..:Z l3~ ~
~ 0:
2+hL%~
2
M, z Lce6lz~
J kl-~D}lo ~l£, ~.3B

~~L'-r ~-----.-<-- It-

II

t52 % @.::: (4,0 Mt

M:: yAUC :. Ill§) ~ (sT/.(lS~ z;>, ~
~@ h~'%()J ~ As I~l'iiG I ~
L1:2~ A~A~
~ ~ '-~
} 1.6 ~~d))
~ z L(O~
~,~ l7·S9 ~
~ I'!L "3~ }.b ~
~V~tfz
&.. ~@ / \-!2.%2~J
0"2. '" ~ '" .g,291'V1i; :0 ~zJ2 ~(!)z~t86~
10/),:6,(£ ~
 C1-lAPTEQ
7. I ~'lS{~ ~? Aa;
7 7. W t6e. An2- Q'" 0
~lN6D ~ ~£x. I . QI40 :::}d32. _ LIS:> .10-5
T OF? ~e A~I Z6, ) ~ & Q32 /4M - (,34::).IC- 5

G::O .0177 QIM) ~O.~2

41'32
.{){)70L
80 ~b~z-(3~~!
ICO .cor28
7.4
z =N c = No. OJ=' MOLECULES
.r.m 4 CROSSING A PLANE
W =MOLECULE'S / UN IT VOL£)M~
I t<s mole CONTAINS 6.0;25" • /02J,
MOLECULES .? HAs A VOLUME
O~ 22.4 m l
6.025". IOU. MOLECULES
2;;.~ W\3
2S
mol = 7.6"3'10 23
I
=2.6Z·/0 mol
.Dloi \ m3 fP
-c --/Z7r RT = 15'0'& fps

.W'S ~ =? ''8' . /0;).3 • IS-O'S

21
= :2. 1'7 'IO~' mol
tP,~

7.5 7' =.,i/(d~ \ .

eo
i

dr )R

V; =1Tm~)(D -(~)J =2VAVEE-(~)J

z~ Foe WAn3f2 C(IV '}
d1,fx =-1./ "lJAvE Y'

Q.~:::
~
11.32.
/~
\
J
2D-11D ;::. :> 7
dr ~
::.'
r; ::. -~."lA 1.TAVE = - 1920~
'-\'32 PI+O O. ~ ·10'" .
tf = -.~~3 i/:"/R'a @ tCo·p
~~~:Z70%
4l
 <6 = k w}
2-
"7 =2 CcJ,

~2 = 1/ <1,.
~ INCREk5E :. <t2. - ttl _100
<b,
"IV:::: 2,," 1/".2 ~ E¥' + ,.37 = '300 ~a
J<Z Raj
-IMT
1,.('iv)= 2-;2v-2-..... f' +3(fj] 19 ~ = 2. ~6 q3 -/06
,252""

4. ('T'v1 _- 0 .r - I T:. J"15K tr = 3. 611 A

d... J
J
~ - Y"3 M 21 = ..0."" = I.lq 42
N\TRO<:iEN =
£Ah<. cU.S'
1.'7
~ =I.ql
.~ -O,a = 1.I<1J{2 (UIYEAR INTER?)

M =II. S 1./75' . /()-6 Pc.·s

APPLY ~/RST LA\,! of THERMO = 1I.5'5",P f>a·s
tfQ _ 6"LJ= (( (e.t~+~«r ~V
dt dt - Jk.?I'"'-U ;eJ~ ?JO ® L - I_ _ _ >- 3.1 'o/S
~AU VISCOUS lJORK
CD I >- Lf ~s
~ = £lJe-
d-c dt CHOoSE: Cov. MQVlNq WITH SHIP I

[!de :: (Tvl dA ~ F= ~c:.s.V d", STEADY r=101J

dt J ~~~ -§

IlTJ.Irll1V bcu"olo.~ -- ~ = ~x -11"

0!.A.t5;2~'"
, r'-'
..... Ftk;d
C" _ )oX
r v1 OU tct'" bouJ'\d o¥"~ :: 0 wrrn RESPECT TO Co'! MOVIN6 AT II!!!
~

T =","!bl = p. rw (LINEAR PROAL.£) Po" ;: 0

d':i t:. GAP F~ = -Pix = -V;; m:z - (-.q H1/s)
. ~O'~TANce
Ir( lal ~/s)
:. i~ ='rvA =0'~4'XrwX27rrh) F'fluid =qO ~'" = qO N ~

~ = s: S"?52 l!.:!- = 5.S''l W J=rln~CI

•I - -F_L'
- ~IIP1

1.1 j = <fQ= kw2

dt
l='5hlp 1 = qON IN THE'
Wt;'GATlVE X DIRECTION
~=J<tJ,4
I

42.
III VOLUN£ CI-IANlii E RATE
r ~7

~
~
L_ / a.) dUX » aU;
=Ii..,i!- AAKle+"t - A.1)t'~
4¥+ 0 A AX ..di:
a'j ax At-+O
=lit1li-r '1r (>ff6X)AT: -
---:" AJ(~o A>f .1t
\I"r ()()At= dl4
ax

[J- I
....
I J
I
41: .. 0

FOR 3-D\M:
BOrn AXIAL STRAIN RATE AND
VOLUME CHAN4E RATE ARE
iJ) EXPRE SSED AS
a~ t d 1.1~ + JV2 (5EE p~oa ct.3)
ax ;;9 dZ . .

7.14

r- z plo.ne.
Z

2-0IMENSIONAL (;(~y) FLO\..!

Vi! =0 OZz =0
av
;)J{z =
0 -.. 12-)( =0 =?;,z
av~ __ o __ ~
;?<j ---- "TZy = 0 = '<1r

AXIAL STRAIN RATE

=li"",;i lfJ((}(rAK)4t-u;,lX')..dT: =~
~K+O AX4t ~t
45.r~ a
43
 B-2 PLAN~

?J5 H~1T 1

'j/t
i
1

f
~
t
•
~h

--1 E l-- 1 LL
E=.oIGMt -1 0 t-
RESISTINCi FORCE' = f:z
F2 f
= STdA = cr 1l'Ddh=rJrDh
'I = ,P dv- = ::y:
elY ~
.. FZ = --E
••
n v-7tDh =.aV'.jl'ltDh.
,-- E.
F;i' = 1000 C.osX 3:t ./O-3)/olS-J7f
l"lo""
·.S~2 (3./t)
V"-8 -PLAN~
= {C07a, f\J
r
"lib Fr. = W
FROM PREVIOUS PROBLEM
Fz ::;; v"'}:: 7TDh .I ALSo" Lv' =;7\9
E

:. jJ ,/:u7rD h = I')'t~i
e
1.T:: m9 £ =
b8tJ·9.1/-;o-r
pif7rDh a5"OU1XIO~~.~
" .61:
".. = o. 7f:>6 nils
= ~~O rVrlGt6B -Vr Ie
Ar~O t )"'11$

+ r( ~ 1,,+6,. - ~J,.)l
~r J dA: .... d¢'dL
= ..!..
r;Ie
C?Vr -r r l.. (~)
dr-~r

ar (Ve)\l
dL =~
• -,.J
.. 're =
rr
1/9,. =p tITr d~
;;e
f- rd
r IJ sin 01..
M = .M~
A1 ij,1f,..3d~dr
h SIf1C1C l 0 0

.: M=1T'~ w D.y
32 h '51"''''

lvzO
~

(?t-~)~: \'Trl)L%(J)
4P ;<" 41"' = 21.7 rsf4\ 7.2. \ ,
L D ~% 0·76 ·ID- 144'5
-,
jLl2():Z: D.~~ .. (0 .,

Xe~:a-5l%
 CHAPTER g

t.1 -£ = 32"uv. Q
cJx 0 2
v'1f!i
4:: ~Q 13 CONSlO£R THE CYLINDRICAL
dx 7T IfI
SH£ll ELEME NT
Q. =KD.'
Q2::: K ~i
__- L
~I ar .,
K= (-:&\Jr
. dxjmp. THE SAME ANAL VSI5 AS IN SEC.
02 =20. Q4 ::: 16Q. S.I OF THE TEXT LEADS TO;

~ CHANqE = Q.2. -Q • . 100 4..(rTJ =

dr
rAP
L
a)
Q,
=1500 ~ INCREASE. LIT R ::: OUTSIDE D
KR= INSIDED (K.(,I)

K.20RlG/NAI STARr 4O~Km=-_=EN=O:.- ) def'Y) = ) t? rdr

'~Km
Nat 22Km I r"T;: t&""P r~ + C,
® ®~-------@- 2L

,., = -;« dv = .1'Pr + C,

dr 2 L. r

-dP - -.1P
dX - T
Jdv= -.1P (rdr -
:2L.,.u J A r
d,.. Sf
ORIGINAL: ,;, ::: KD" (-:~) V = -.A!:.,...1. _ e,k r + co2
I./)-' L ;U
-t1lf.3 = L I.) ~
"B.C. v=o @ r ="R J r. KR
K 041
C. ~ R~(J-I<~)
(£) =rHH
&

Nat: -A'f.2= LI'l~ 4 L .t.... VK

L 1'2 K1)'1 J K[)'I
~ = 4"PR:l _ 4 PR2.(I_~) k'R
f..I1.P) =. t\1 N/a..,1 -.dl,?3 = L.2.3 mN ~L. ~L AYK
t L J·3 KO"* 2K04f

SINCE - 11"P..31 0l0 = -41P..1/ Na.J-Ali i :. V:: ~-Pl?:l.[i- rl._ (I-KaJ.tr1.]

'IAL R~ t.. '1K r
Lu ma _ L ..:a. ';'H + mN L.:1-3
K D'f - K [ ) ' 1 2 K ()'I g.Lf i(rlrx) _ rdP = 0
dr dx

46
 'Tf.)( = ~ dVt :: ~ l: + c. lic. Va '1:1 0 @ yo =""'ROc.TT£R
dr dx 2 ...
0= e,Ro-S&
M
V.{:: -L. 4E r2 t S. .t.-c r + C;z
lfA dx oM Va =(JRu'Nf~ @ r= 'RuIHER

B.C. Vx • O@ r co.Q. , ~ = V@ r
:L
=;zd :. w'Ri= C,R; -..£
A

C, =k~
-A r; -L.. dJ>( 11
LV+ J6,.u dK D~_da~
C =# CiRca c, = wI<:
R,-'Rc

C2.=
d
-2-dP ~_ C, kl2.
.
~ =G)~ r _ w-"RiRo
Ri - "Ro I<\' - '"Ro
~A dX 'I .M :z
F :: fA = rC1id .1) =w"Ri"Ro (r _ 1::) OR
'Ro
.: F::. 17" d,uf} :L
d£..~
(V + ..L.
l! 16,M
2,!:
«x
=
1(0 -Rl

c...J~i ( I - r"fRo )
&J
d
I-K~~
(D~-cF») + d
~dx A LINEAR PROFI LE .'

8.6 1P.,; 207KR.·I:==::;j========@

- . 0.63501\
<D
FOR CONCENTRIC FLOW IN THE. e #:: 1/10 X/O-& ~; =. 0165"1<1 ~ms
DIRECTION J Vr =0) Vg = F(r) JJ= 5"3.0 Ib"JR' ='l'l'i. <t5lJ ~/,"3
50 Ire = A r~(Ve) a.) INVISCID.; USE BERNOULLI EQN.
d... ,..-;
P. + V.Y+ ~ = B + ~~+. ~
P elf: '0/ I 7 T / <
P,-~ :: £11'
~= y2pP J m=,aAv==w;o'"f 2jJ .AP
Pte Ar41i! Q= Av =1J]).'-Jj~P
X Fe 0 :II I P~ ::. ple.+c16 1./ --r
••• 7r ~eAZ'lr+t.r -,(,48621,. =0 b) VISCOUS" LAMlNAR J
SO THAT Tr = COt.lSTANT OR -!!P ="32,.u it· -dP = ~p
)l ri .4..(~) = C J
dr r" r =A~
d(lfG) 4r dx 02. J dx L-
(2-
v: AP D2.
INTEGRATION YIELDS: T 32...u
~=c, ... -£
47
 m= pAri =~7rO~ 41P 02. =1TD;..oilP
'I L 32r' l l i Lp

=1J.2 B.c. Vx =0 @ y=O

UK =V @ ~=h

j~t )7 J 7 J; II
GOVERNING EQUATION JS
c, =A., ( v- 2:!: dP)
!L (~)( ) - JfP -= 0 .2"u. dx
dy dx
C~=O
FOR N£WTONIAN FLUIDS IN FOR ~>') =0 " d Vx ) =0 )
LAMINAR FLO~ -=fol d ~ -;;x Y
=D
d Y 4=0
dy c, =0
• V - -'-
•. x -:J"u d}(
d? tj~ 1- Z;"J
C, u t C;z
:. dP _ 2).( V
dX' - h~
ae. @ INT£R~ACf (@ y =0)
I) Vr =V:zz:
2) '~r = ~XIr CONTUJUITY: dP + ~ (Plh) = 0
dt ax
~I dVg -=,I-{Jl d Uxrr MOMENTUM: dVK + Vt JI!¥ =:1 aP
dy d~ at ax fJ ax
5
1.1 til T'ieM

'f'
g:p = ;11 d:l.~
dX
\Ix
dlf
=...L ~ 92.1" c1 Y + ~
+
S5'e",

2"a elx M @ 1
 BERNOU lLf f='ROM S TO I v)( =~ +C J. Y -,.0'3 y~
p +~ + <3 i!s = P. + ~ + r
P5 Q
:2p
2 P 2 -J'
'B.C. (J) C, = -V
~ =9.di!' - !t B.c. (2) C2 =: ~
P 2 A
l-IAGEN-POlSEUILLE EQN. FROM 1-2
(NEGLE.CTlNG, MOM£NTUM)
b) v.. =-V-t ~~~'TJ(~J{~J]
Fa -~
L
= 32-" 11." = 11
D2 L
c) Q= "'evA = -ihfv+ alr~
32 .Ltv,
0'1
:L : : f (9 L
AZ _ Va::1.)
;u
- ~ h'"<:I"l cl~
2~ h J
Q= 1rD~Li," ~ = </Q
q) 7rD~ Q=Uh-P9 h"! +~3
:2.u 6.,u
1) = 1iDl/ [~t.r
121 G. L
- ~]
11" 2 DA# = vh _,.o:r h 3
:3).(

3./3 0= Ve Cr) ~
?12
tv ~= ~Ve 4!' ~ + Ve(r)~
dt dr dt
FOR FLUID dr=o:. dO': VeCr)d~
at di dt

P941X4!:1A~
d~ = ~ ~.} w = Ver ~2
X'
dt
APPLY MOMENTUM THEOREM TO
THE ILLUSTRATED (LfMENT ~ = ~(-~)
de r
~J=x =0
It-J THE UMIT dT ...... pg -= 0
d~
:. -d \I
dt FLUID
I --
- Ue
-;:-
:2. ,..
fl..,.

2
~= -pg
dy~ ,Lf.

a.) "BOUN DA1W CON DITIONS:

@ <1 = 0 , Vx = -V (I)

@ I:} = h , 1=0 .: ~:~Ih =0 (2)

49
 8.~ BOUNDARY CONDITIONS;
@ '1 =0 V=R52 .0. c, ="R~
@ y =h V= 0 :. C2=R2-APh
h 2)lL
THUS
V=1?.l2(I-t)+ ~~"rr~r-*l
~b"/ -. FLOW RATE
--
/ Q=i"'vd~= h (I \ld~)= l<n.h_ A"Ph3
o ..b 2 12p.L

HENCE AP= J~f L [~h - ~

(NO PRESSURS CHANGE IN e
DIRECTION ).
EFFICJENCY: (il~)
'1. = "POWJ:R OUT = I' 62 P)
g.J!; CONSIDER "PASSAGE AS A STRIP -POWER'N llR(L (-10))
To IS SHEAR STRESS ON FLUID
AT THE INNER WALL,

-r;; 'S SHEAR STRESS ON

THE INI\JER WALL.
CONSIDERFREE BODY OF
8.£MENT Y n-I -AX·/ 70 =.",a&1 = ~~1l_ API,
, Iy-t~ - dy Ilj=o 11 2L
z.~ =0 pi&'-I-I:';LF1A'(.1
(NO MOMENTUM IX - ~- X+~ THUS J 12~(R.o.h _ Q\
FLUX) Tty'.AX"
~= G. 113 1 2
)(
.a~r;u1?.Q. +!1.!!'~ Ql
(P\X -1'lX-rAX)AY +- Ci'f:S+.6'1-1ifj)6X L h Zt~z-1
=0 .
DIVIDE BY AX Ay f TAKE LIMIT
~ = 12~ (1?~h _Q)
E' = d'P
C1<j ~x
= f'B-"B.. _ to?
L - T Sl.RjJ [¥+ tr~h -Q)]
NoW '1=..udv Ad2v= Ll"P
EE.. ~~h -Q)
50
d~ d~:1 L "(=
SOLUTION IS V= C, +S'i + A ?y:2 "R.Q.n [L.JRSlh - 6G.]
2pL

50
 SHOWN BELOW' ARE THE' VELO-
CITY PROFILES FOR 3 CASES;

~ =-1 IS MAX. Ei=1=IClENCY

'RSlh 3

~ =1 IS MAX. FLoW' @ ZERo

"'R.Sl h 2 AI=>
<1
h
I·

.6
Q=O
ruu, .
.tt

.2

-:(1 -.'f ~2 0 .2 .1 .6 .Y 1.0

V
-RQ

8.10
~QJTk"6~ ls-
(1~
~== 2 J (V--P~PJ6
t::)

A}.JA~~ Of!" ~ta.c U 1m=;

~ A~~Y~mt;;
?~~ 51Ax::l5T I-tG I\J s:r
5\
 B,17 1 \V 8.\B
~ ~~
A'S S'~ Tul:
-- --~~I-
A1 1- rl'
l'r'rlrt.. k- \% QA-VL.-/ ~z LTIM)Z
" \ L_
~lC4L
_. 1_ - _ L _I 1.

tr z ,,(e{~ik6+~}1-e(~,~)
!VET . I I
t { j
~'T~ f1..vx.- t ; Ar l
~ ~ 21v ~z ~
I"S~ SO Lf::tD
i:
W' +- 27f f( f A.t- -1'cr"r'l{ Lxi r.O
rt.(r r
~~

\II 2. S(j 111 ( Are

4Fra--rA~w::t lKG LMtT As Ar~o
J<A r --t d (rT):O
U dr
to ry ~ dU;lcir
(. ""
L.Lb /'\..-..
~! AL,\J ,j~-,~_ :.\ ~y'G i !1'""'~~o.lJ
VV'~~~.

'jCJ, t 1.~ £L r%. a~~ "2

U'2, / dr-
AT ,-"z Q{ h 40;% ~
/ dr v
t.4US
pra: :z ~ ~e~n):'r)
1~004~ ~w Wrr'i q(Q)~
~v:zr7

Ufo % 2t(c~1h)\.~+~O-4)

52
 CHAPTER q (0· \7) TELLS TH E ~ATE Ol='
CHA~bE "DVC TO MOTION.
'1.1
~D3
, 2
e~ c1r
t
r CONSIDER 2- DIM. PLOW
(I)
+ &~~!.:dV =0 CHANGE'S IN VOLUME
-I - ( i2 )( '32) ./
= (1'2'XW)

[c~o.n)dA ~ PVr(~iI'"A(:;)lr"~H' 12 = AX~ 32 = Ay

1'2 1 = A X t [V)(J<tAXJ y) -Vx (X,'iU&
-l'vr(~r~e)lr +f'\l9(~r~Z)/GtA6 3'2
1
=4<:!+[V'1(X+U)y-tAY)
-pVe(JlrAi)le +pV~(r~~r)Jz+4& - ~ ( X+AX J y)1 At
-p* (r"6BJlf)J z Q2x 3:2.) = AX ~y

L~ fJdV = E.. p(rAGtirJlZ) 0':2') (3~ ;).') =JlXJl~ + [V~ (X +t.~

de JJ c.v. at
~i-A'1)- V~(x+lI.)(J~l~x~t
5lJ8STITUTE INTO (I) I D'V'D~ -sy
(r A,edf'A Z~ TItEIJ TAKE' LIMIT i-[V1(XtAX,y) -Vx (X,!j)J~~~t
As Afj 6e~ A~ - 0
-1-[ ]At"
!.S-(rV,.)
r ('
+..!.. ;>Vs + dV2
Y' d9 ac
=0 TIME RATE or: CHANGE OF VOLUME

,. AT A -POINT
q.2 V = Vx
I"
~;c T ~ ~
,.. ~

t Vz fC.~ = lim ~V
t'7_~ fj dn ;}".. t~}+o AX'A~ .1l1t
y - ~ 1t.)C + ~ "''.1 t aZ eJ ~t

(0· V) = Vx !x(il( .e;r) + tI~~(~.~) :. t=1.UIO VOL. CHANGE = dV~ +dV",

d 'j G;)X

+ Vi!~( ez -€i!} = 'I-v

NOTE: ei' e~ :: 0 IF i.;I~ "BUT v· 0 = 0 FROM CO)ffIt-iUITY.
=, IF i. = i
:. (fi·V):: Vll'~ t V~~ + Vi! ~

53
 42 = ~o + d r dO + de ;;0 a.) FOR SlW\ALL V; ALL TE'RMS OF
dt ~ di dr" dt de
~( %f + 0 +vv) ARE SMALL
~ = ~V~ t ,- 1" aVe p- + v. ae
dr dr ~ r -e r W 'RELAnVE' TO THE' orHE~S

-T Ve~ie ?RESENT.
dr
l,) F"OR V V
~ -= ~ ~ +a\j~ +Vt"det"+ Ye~ SMALL. I3UT LJm6EJ.
V AUt:>
dB ae I'" ae ~ ae TH£ "P'Rot>CJG"T at=' SMAll
2~ ORDER OF l-AR~E :; MAI{"BE
SI6~IF1C.AklT COM1=>AR~D TO THE

REMA/NltJ~ 7eRM5.
~'-' ,..
~-:= :;}er ~ = ee~ = 0
dr ~e ar dr

(}e,. = - ex slY'e t ~ case = es

()6
~ = ~ - 1. V'P + J V:2 0
SIM'LA~L'" 9€e, = 0, dee = -e r Dt P
, d(' ';)8

HENCE I
i'
if
()
T Vx~~ T ~~ ='3x -;~
0 ()
~ = ;;Vr i(" -t dVe e + v'V':Z~
dr dr ar Q
:2 :;}~v.
A
'V Vx =~ = 1 2P
: = (~ - Ve)~r i-~~ t-V0 ~ ~'1~ ,.u 'dX

FoR Q.? To BE 'D V ; ~ = Vr ~=J..~Cj+-C

dlj j.J. ~ I
dt bt dt
~ =-L Q)P ':1 2 +e, <j t C:2
de = w =rVe 2)-' ~X
d+: B.C. @ C:j = :t L ~ Yx ,0
.•. -:g2 ::. ~ -rIV('dVr- -t!!dV,. _~~
~~. dr r ~ rtr
~=O C 2 = -..L ~ L'J.
~"" ~J(
I..

~v. ~VB r V9JVg t vr Ve)~_ :. Vx =..L BP (u';l_L;2)

'l r Jr r;;Je r ""'S
;:?~ ~ .J

ct.S USUJ6 THE n",COMPRESS\'BLE

Fo'RM OJ:: "THE NAVIE'R-CST~ES
EQlJS; D v
Dt"
=§ - V1=>+
P
vV y 2
 'V. V= 1.£.(w"R
r Ole r r-
2
)= --y:-
W'R:ld (,) - 0
de r -

:. CONTINUITY IS SATISF/E!:>.

+'i]-()J~:)t 'J.~ VVx )

'i.j Vp=:¥! + ~£t' = - V~
Dt ~ d<j ~~ ,.o[;~)( + ~ dVt! + V'j dV", + Vz dVi?l
o
~x ~i'J
= -V; (R, e9j~)= Pc ve-~~
~ p =P9 x - ~p - d
ay

I2 IJ/~ +;~+-~~
ax cfll3'\=;lX' dCj 9r')J
AT ~= 100)000 tt-) V= 20) 000 fps:
+.£...(,ud~) of- C1 (.u a~)+~ 1M d~)
I2£ = ~~ 000 s+-/s Po e.- 1I. 91S" ax ~)( ay (}X ~l ~ W
DC- 22., 000 ff: a

= ~ (O.OI06)~ = a ()o96 Po
i-!x(M~)t~(Md~)+;0~)
s
tJOTF: \JHElJ =0 }'V-v A 15
CONSTAt-lT "TERMS '
~

~ (; ).{ V- v) f '7. (M ¥X )
AR£ 0 AND TERM ". (~'il Vx )
'BEcoMES ).).'0'2 V.x.

'1./2 GIVEN: f ~(rVr) +~ ~: =0

0.) f~ Ve=OJ ~(('v,..) = 0
.: r"'Vr (e) =Fee) J Vr =F{e)
r
b) IF Vr =OJ ~Ve.:: 0
-;;8
Ve = fCr)
55
9./3 FoR THE INCOMPREsSIBLE
LAMINAR CASE)
OV ".. J 2-
Dt"=g-7+ rli:)
V 11

FOR 9 NEtSU6~LE')

"D V== -yp ... Jv:2 v

Dt I'
VECTOR "'PRoPERTIES DETE'R-
9J5" COI>JT/NUITV: ~t :x (p'lx) =0

f.lUAIm . 'BY V E VP
I ~
wHIC.H MOMENTUM: p (~ + V)C ~ Va~: :tf
ARE IN"ITRDFPENDENT; i.e. l'cu ax) ax
CAUSE i, EFFECT.
9.1"
.: MLJST LIE IN SAME -PLAN~
La') Usu:4TwG; .c ~(()kJ A~
IN ABSENC.E O~ V/SCO()S ~rTtVG 'O:wAl ~ L1?~20
FORCE'S
-- -.fJ
Dv _ -V?
I:>t
AND ~:: r) EC( E - ~ t<
y.!WS
Dv ~E'7E?M'NE'D 0"1 -\JP~ z direction
Dt (a"- .~ v. ~ ai)
PWc+ v7a r +~+v,-r;
J, HAS Pes/TIVE SENSE 6lVEN
1¥or+ ~2'J
~z +pg,+/J- [-1-a (av,)
2
=- r- +, ,

"BV -VP OR DIRECTIoN Ot=' r ar ar r 0

DE'CREASIN6 -PRESSURE -b)

SIMILARLY" ANY FLUiD.... '5TA11C
OR MOVINq.... HAS nils SAME'
'N~WENCS e WILL
I
MOtIF oR
TEN'D To MoVE IN THE
DtR~CTION 01= D~CRf'AS/N<S 9..17 A5$OM,W~ IN ~t&ea
'PRE'SSVRE • c) ~WJ (bm(}.J()rrY ~ Yt6t.PS
rU"C :::.~~ l.J~GLS ~2~=O
9.1l/ FoR I-DIM STEADY FLOW;
~ E-4 TI!5U'S
Vx = VX' (X") V'1 == Vz =0 r direction

NEGLECTINg 9) p
rt't
av, v.%t' -
+v,-+-
ar r 0
i r
+v, ¥Z)'
z i,))+,a7{_~~+ij;,]
0 ~~
pVx ~
dx
= -p of" 4. [1.lp~tf"J.{itx
(jX <.it [~ 0.)( J oJ(
ap
=--+P8r+/J-[-(--(
ar
il 1 il
ar r ar
1
r
a ,
Iii?
2
ryao
• i,
Pz
Tw~&~ 9.{9
~ £;- 5" '(fS.DS
~ (P~3lYi)~ Jqr
or 2- 0 IJ direction

( /fiJ,
Pat
iJv.+.LV'+~~+~+Vz av,;(
"iJIJ /, Tz)

~IB 2 laP
= -- -+pg.+/L [iJ
1 iJ(} - ,
~
a, (1-, -iJiJr (ro.) ) +,. () +?2~+1z!J
IJ z .

Sf.t1(.oTw @ -lfe e,., ~

~ ~ &~ ~ %(je~O
%

dt r
tre :zfCr) ~ trrz~ -z0.
W~
U-sUKt ~-\6"~/~ T~
TJ.tt5~ \.-sTt«5 Lgr ~
at
peJi e..(n~\~))
or\: 1 ~
%

W~~(Dg ~Tf4tS E"nli£r-«»JS

~.
9_a? A~<.we: ~y t1..ow"
, direction
av,+ vav,
-
p ( al
-+v. -
' a, , aIJ,
- + vz av,)
av,- -v/
az
~~~~J
~[.L d. (r LJ~)l -:. D
ap
= --+pg.+/L
a,
[a(1 a
-a, -, -(rv,)
iJ,
)
+,.,1 -=aIJ
iv,_2 av.+iv,]
? iJIJ a?

dr r dr 'J
~ .LQ...(rtJe}=:~
ra-r
~~
'tJe ~ ~I fur . . . Cz-
Ar Q. LYe ~ 2.12.-.1
/tr l4 L1 ~ I4. .a ~

lJe".!fe~n,t(Q:Q2Q~OJ~~.
r(' )..J?~~,
 CHAPTER 10 =1r ~;;r (rVe) - 1.r ~
C1e

Wz = ar
~V9+!(\h
r' I)
_dVc)." Q.£D.
;]9

JO.3 d '1'= -~dx +vxd~

== -(VQOsirtoc)dx +(~cosoc~
0/= -Voo(sirlol.)X + ~(coso<)~ + V'o

Ja'i V·O=1~(rvr)r..L~V9 =0
r ar (' ;;6

LET r Vr = ~lP ( r'~ 8)

()8

V'.O = J..r~
r Lar (tl)
'as
+ 9Vsl.= 0
O'6J
(9'1' tv.J - 0
10.2
~ ~r
b...;;. t3
-~
~

:. Vr
-
~y-
9

=~ ~: }
- . \viiiI
••

Ve
= -.g]J!

= -!f
-ar

~ tt~t
:. Q. E. D.
Wi! = ~ (0( +,s)
cAt. 2
la~ rb 5 3 5 2-
: lirK
At ...O
ifQ.r1-'1r (rv81rtAt"-r~I ...)Ar
1 -:: -- X. - xY
B....
At: S~ lJ":z V 0/ {bsnJ.J<XTY J

.At .,. to..n-

I
(V. . le+A8 -Vr!e).Ai &l (s v..Gzo DJZ Vf-:'O
r'Ai9
J Ust~ ~
IN THE' LIMIT,'
= li~
TAN ~=Z
.J{r Vgl r+Ar - r ~ rr)
2'1 + P.l ~O
G.;Z ~' ayJ/
~}....~ Ar
\0)6 - '0 X ::30{)
t.z
- Vr 18+6.9 - V...19 lL 2 ~ := Cl!P. :z 5~Z
rAe x ~ ar
5e
 10.7 VI' = \'/oe CoS e (\ - ~~)
ALONG STA6NATlON STREAMllfltS
e=-~
~ Vr- = -\Jo,o ( l- ~)
/O.b IN CO~E
"
d"P _
-
"v~ i.e.
- -tr--
w-- -p'IW
b) ~\lf' = - 2 tLo a.a 9Vrl _ -2lbo
()t
dt' r
~r --;:-3) c:a. - T ar:
Dv:-V:l.C,.
Of: r
V= Vmruc i "00

?l~) -"P(o}: P UM~{"Rrd(' =e. lJttt2

1(2. Jo 2
I1?ROTATIONAL: (r ~ R)
'P + U2 : 'Poe, '\1= Vt'H '"R So
p 2 P J

PoO - PC R) -= IZ u..,.2-
r 10.9 "Pi" pU 2
2
= CONSTANT

2 I~ ~ -=+>00" V2 = Vo02.
THU 5.1 "'Pot::) -1(0J -=,tJ \J w?· HENCE J \ Voa I -= \ vel:: 2 \b, si)19
:. U
2
= ~fP
,.0
=- ~
.002<f
VtM=126f~ sl~e =.5 .". e%! 30; ! ISO O

=126 t?S
a.) MAX.
b)
WIN]) YfLOOTV

OSIN6 ""BERNOULLI
10./0 a) <p =V... L [(::f - s:tJ
1=>00 -1=> = !!~2: I'~~ (~ t-= IOpsf
o= V rp =VX' €)( -r V~ e.~
VlI == ~
;; )( -= :3
---eU ( 2_ u 2)=a
>f -' ;)u
pUm2=3~ .... ~ : "$l
'R2 20
= J.q L-~ J

V'j -= BaS _ -6 Lbo )(9 -:: - ~cp

13=1.5'
f.:: ~~ - L-:t ~x
SO T/rvtE % (31'.5: 131.5 = /.5'6 5
V l? 'IJ -= g ~ ( ,.,2~ ~) _ 1- f(X)
c.) IN CoRE B -= P-r ~J.=r:jP'; L2 :3

fJ V2. = P\1'".r: -= :3~ r-t

Ra "R~
'" = 3 VoC) X.l.
La
5 t- '1(~)

"Po =(2116-3i ) +-g~~

Po = 211' -3'l (I - t'.t/R~)
VARIATION = '3"'8 'Psf

59
WHEN '-P=O j '1 =0 OR <j =!".J3 x W~£N ~=O ).

----l-----":~~x
4/::0 x

b) ¢= u,,¥!
Vx =- t} ¢ = u., 'j -= ~ 10.11 Cf= 2r35ln~ ~ e:J ~ '# 0J

ax T ~g
~: D (Se~ fc )TUQ) LQ 'f~~
V f(:
~= ~ = ~X' = -~ 3
afj 1: ax (6r9A~04~ +~~) ~
¥= ~
2L
u2
:l
l ' 'P= -\.lx, )(.1 +~(u)
+ f(:xI) - 21. \.J ~ ,2: r~ 1~ ASQ-ULtS
2s~~

8/~ r ;'PLar
WHEN 'V=O j '1 = :t X '('

~ '1'=0

------~+H~----X

c) ¢; = Vca L 1M ( )(2 +~~) lO.t2- t- 0 -= lf r$ln9 + 2iQ S

tD
2
Vx = VaiL 2x _ d lJl 6'( OeFlAJlTr61J r~OJ ~ If'! ~>o
2"" )(2.+'j2. - Olg
f:ao Is-W& lwe. 8=6 \.e:Tltl;
VCj = VooL
2
~ --21
X~2. - - ~x
~v,;; \( Ax,$'. ~ li_~O
(f"~ ~ G:;irrTo L~) OIJl; I

'I' = ~
2.
~o.."
x -f(.!i)
x
+f(x) GB"~ Yzee ~ \2~ Q.
St, 0 '( Zilttl
IV = - ~ L ~~ to..,-'(~) T <3 (<j)
r ~2IilMit(.a \
e-+o ~w.e)
:. 'IJ= Vd)L[tcl~tl(t)-io.n-I(~~
10./3 ~VRCE AT ORI61N !.p= Wte -p + tpv::t = CONS.TANT
p2Tr
m == SOURC.£ STRE N6TH 'Poe t' f p uc%)~ = -p i- f pV2
FREE sTR EAM tp =Vc:o y O~ TUE HUT v= 2 (/a:I 'SI'rtlt
TOGETHfR tV= Va) g t- ~e
:. P="Poo t-! PVoD~[t-l{'5;",~e]
211"1'
Vr =! ~tp
,.. ae
=VcO C05e +..ttL
:.27Y' r F ~= ro £t'lleo2E-l/~;n~~ +45;~
~~ r'sine 'R~'rle de
Or' =0 @ $=11 F~ = 2 f' 14' Rr'LSin~e-~iYl~Iv\~
AT a =71 r= ~ _ Q. (;) de
zrrP l.4x,- 2'ii~
F~= 2.Rp~ [j- - 2'5," 2eoJ
lall.{ As ~iP = pDv
Dt
~~ =0 WHE'N

=pBft V(~2)-o. (V'xv~ 10.16

/WD FLOW 15 STEADY AND lR'RoTA-

TJONAL I Vp = - P \l (~)
OR v?= -p vVv
BUT AT STAGNATION PolNT v=o ~~TIDkJ 1blJ:r'S tLc~
HENCE vP=o S~ Bv QacLe.5.

10./5'

LIFT FoRCE : F~
d,cj = d 1= ~iV1e
= CR1~lae -~ ." mosiY\ede
. t'ovt ~10'.e)
'..1
'"'

(ir
F~= Jo (1=>~-BYR'5IY\ed8
FROM BERNOULLI EQUATION
61
 f
h.
-.1~___~--L
I ~5~ )6

Sr.tq.u..trl~ 'G/\Xj

<1- lfa>rsut6 + ~2'rr

0. _g..~AnClJ -g,AJT
O=-~D ¥1~s (Jr: ~2D
lJ: =..Lo~ _l.(~ + I.[r~\
r r W r 2IT ~ Y
0: ~ - LJtp := - If. ~v.tb
e:> or c:IO

~10 e~1T) ra:sn =k=- Q.

n~
S, Ar ~~JJA17o.~ VDlAF
)("Z -~ -= - l.~ :::- D.02~j.t-\...
'(: () Z'i1 tTll) Z'il9

tf= - Ie( ~ r ) ue = ~ l.J~6,lJ b. &py lJ~(Gl~

Z'ti 21Tr
Sr~N.crm ~1...Ll& l.5
Ol2(qw 15 Itr \krtk: .
.~ ~ f(1,o) ~ K ~ K. ~-:! I5QDrStnTI + Q1I -z ~
2it Z
Z'ir(2a) 4~a. . ~vs
~

Lfe (-.:tJ 0) '" -I(, e~ ~ ~ ~ rSUA<9 +-~

4tT<l 211

A~ If(a,O): -1 etf WH~ e:1t~ rSUA8=y:z..

47f(l. i?.J~ -~)~ $.0.007"1
s;'~ 'fVO#!J'Q(.-=~ - t:t.+~1r
2.'iT

G2.
C. A.7 Lt~s?~6. ~ ALL Tf«; h.olV
b~AT (,)0" W~
Q=~(2h)
h:z ~ = I.q z D.Cf>33W\
2o-lt) 2-S
d ~ tv1Axl),AJ.,W) ~ ~

'0,22.
\.EIlMM~ '" V Ple)
ZE,=O
d ,.GlT, p. ' GT
11 O-I:tr - ~ 1'P Ilt8d9
o
5 =0

1/: ~TM +~ J(~:-U1-~ LJ:-2'ts m,.g

«
Iff "'~D ~M~~')p.jlf2Ijfs2eJ9
I~T ~ (~. - ~A\1t'\'D +.2. O{y"z.. V
.,J' ,j (, J ,LV
~O\za 1.257~N

T ~ 10.\ IzN
 CHAPTER" r;r; = pa.. DbWC.~""p ; 11:= A'P
I fJDV
fI.r 1) (1..) cv ( 'Ii;) 112 -= p q Db w G Q j ~=~
p (MIL') Q (L~/tJ 'O'3w
H ( L) n =
17; f' a.. Db W c,,.a ; ~
77;= PDaW
(L/t2) "P (MLYt 3)
9
i = rt- r =- Z- 3 =S" I/.¥
CORE ($ROUP (p I "OJ w)
T
1l;=t1 (8Y INSPECT/ON)
11; =fQ, DbCJc H ~=~
tjI L
~
BV GEOMETRIC SIMILAR/TV:
d
.I
=.J2.L v= J.
3 V

7r cl2J =..L 'Tl'D'2.L 1)~ _ 31 _ 3d

i/ 3 '4 d2 - L - 13"
:. ~:: (3)~ :: J.I./l/2'" a.)
11.2 BY 'DIME:.N SIONAL ANALYSIs:
V (LIt)
~ ='DQ.w pC 'P b
D (L)
P (MIL') I = La. (Vc)b (MIL~t MJ:~
. -c 3
t= 5"-'3: 2 '-t=-5'" b:. -3J c=-I
CORE GROtJP (D, V, p) :. 7(, = _:Po.--_
n; =D c4. Vb fC,)J.; 71i =Ai _ 1- ,ow3 D5"
r;rvjJ - 1Rc
FaR DYNAMIC SIMILA'RITY:
7T;. = DQ, VbpC: e ; rrr; = L
I> '"P ( --P
p4.)3"C~ model - ,aW3 D6 proh1:'jpt
I
11.'3 ~'P (M/Li-a) D (L) ~=[~ ·?f·jff.r 3 I 3-$'~
Q (L /-t)
3
P (M IL3)
w (I It.) )A (MILt)
=(3.3-~/"3j3 = 3-2/q

t: 6-3=3 :. l.)p:. O. 'T13 ........t - - - - - 1:,)

CO"RE 6 Ra./P (P.I 'OJ w)
tC4
11.5" MODEl "PRoTOTVPE Cmo.x 0( f3 M L fJ 9 1<
MOo I 0 I
D D ,,1>
V V 20 knots L 2 0 0 0 I -3 ,
p p p tOO 0 0 0 -2 0
).t A M
F /Olbf F .: ~ = '3 -.....- - - - - - b )
A 1)2 (bD)2
l= n-r' = Z-3=S

FOR DYNAMIC 51 MILAR ITY ; .: No. OF" DIMENSIONLESS

G'Roups ::- 5' -~.-------
~'" =1~;p ) Dvpl == DVfJ( 'iT; -= 112 =/3
,u rtf A- ? 0<,

~:: Vp(~ .fI;. .¥t)= 6v p

=M LJ., ~ c C¥MX
'IT3 0.

, I I I =M~ Lb (LlP')c M L)lt ~

a. = -1 J 10= -/ I C = -/
.: v~ .= I 20 Krto-t5 a.)
1TS =C ML~
I'Mtl.X
ALSO FOR DYNAMIC 5IMlLARm'
£u.~ =EtA?· 1lq = ~Q.Lb~cf ; 11~ = 1::1-
ELA-I
p m --U2
fAI? ; V"
71S = twf' Lb~ c 'R ~ 175 ="R-c.)
L

r?:: F,.. (}t. %. ti)= F~ 11.'1 IRe = L V J, ~L .10-5' ,..,4-

= I. '2..&, 70
1) "llIa.,.... oJ 5
I 3b J.ri. @ 2iOK (~'1.6°F)
:. Fp = IOlhF a.)~ASE'D O~ LEN~TH
~ = (r:s.'1X22.2)(/OS)=9.21_'cP
/I.' VAR tABLE J.'3~76

C~o.x b) "BASED OW ANTE NNA DIAM.

0(

S Re. =6.1/ ./0-3 (2.2.2 )(102-

M 1.3¥?6
L = I~ ;16" (1.97./0'1)
p
9
1< /1.1 JI. =COIJSTANT '/::a.
---
.."., -
U
p
4

~L '-m Lp
 (~) = ~;
11.10 NAV/ER- STOKES EQUATION;
=0.1 Dv = Q _ vP + )) "12 V
'Dt ..J P
--. \1"", = _31 b V-p
NONDIME'NSJONALl2JNG;
MODel SPEeD = 31. 6 dlo OF
VC)C)2 DO ~ ,.. P' ;2 r7"~ I
S?E'ro O~ FULL SCALE SHIP. -
L
-
Dt
#' = S - ~L;:"'P~--
VoO v r"

2
+ J Voo 2 V'.,. 0:/1
11.9 RJR SIMILARITV ReM =~FULL. La
SCALE
T£MERATUR£ NOT GIVEN,! DO~_
- - -9L- v¥p*+-
J v~ o~
ASSUME 'H2 o = 10°C Dt* U~2 L~

JH,.o = I. 3x/o-6 W1~ ~ = ..!.. - V~1l'~ ~~ fj>Jf:

Dt Fr 1t?e.
'MR = 2t;OC JAlR ~ ,.":>(105' ~
= 2.'1'l>C10-6 wsl 11.11 SYM80l.. PIMEWSION

I -- ITLvI ...u.,..--,
~

LJV I J ~ LF.s.
MASS TX COEF. K Lie
vF.s. 'DIffUSION CQEF. D Lo/t
~ h~ .J
VF,s.
Lm DISK DIAM. d L
ANGULAR VEL a.. \/t
Um = 1l,·2.4Cf·/o-6 .q :: 122.3~ DENSITV p M/L3
/.3 ·10-" 5 Visc.osrrv » MILt

K D d 0.. P M
M
L
t U
0
2
-I 0
0
I
-I
0
0
0
I
-3 -: )
-)

r:'3.1 V1=b, i.= 6-3=3

77;= d/o..~pnk; ~ = K
cia:
~=..D.
2
cl a
<"i73 = olAa. Vp~.
J
rrr;=~
f'd~o.
=_,
my
F"l. = .0262
I'"
,. da.
(K..
J;L ) lReJ) = 0 ..
d 4 o.
I a.)
hF.S. VAR II 0. AND/oR d
Tl-IEij ~oR FIXED VALUES oT: ~
'RoT I:>Af;1Q. vs. ~a... b)
IU2 SYMBoL PIMEW510N Jl.1L( M L t
V\ 0 0 -l
FLOW RATE" Q. L?/t L 0 \ a
DIAMETER 'P L 1) 0 \ 0
5HA~SPEE.D N \I-t P \ -3 0
VISCOSITV A MILt: T \ I -2
5U<F. TENSION 0- M/t 2
DENSITV P MIL:!. 11"; = L/D , ~ =~"J.pD2
T

o 0
:. nD'W = t ( LID)
I
o
0
-/
O'R V\ L Yf -= f (LID)

r =3, r'l =b J L= b - 3 = 3 II.IS" ~YM. PIM.

COR E" GRo()~ -= P N1) POWER P M L2/t 3
G
11, = p a ~ 10 DC Q ----=-ir, = "ft:>:' DIAMETEJ<
RPM
1>
w
L
\ It:
'112.= p~NbbC,L{ _11'2= pND~ VOLUME Q L~/t
"M DENS\TY P M/L3
113 = p~NbDcO"" .-113 =pffiD3 \I'ISc.oslTY M MILt
r=3 Y\::.6 L=6-'3=3
" J

CORE (f\RDt)? : "'P"DP

~ =-P"''D 1o pc. W ~.1:...
II. =pD~4i

11./3 tt\ L -t =
~ -pa.DIIa pc Q 'IT = ~
2 P <;(3
M-rn M 0 0
'D- L
P - m/L3
D
p ,0 I
-3
0
0
9 - l/t2 9 0 -2
(7- fV\lt:1 r:r 0 -2
BV INSPECTION
tLl6 FOR DYNAMIC SI MlLA'RIT'I,I)

~ ~ :.lRe. Fa L...L ScALE

:. tFlM == UF. S . LF.s. JM

\.- r\\ J t=: '5 •
VM =60~(~)F.10~
2. 5
=2LfO r)'\ph
10-

67
/I. 11 AS5UMIN:S /NVISCID EQUATiONS)
~ DO = -tiP +PS
Dt
MAKIN6 EQUATION DIMENSION- 11./9 I=R =~~) r = &.
LEss: V
t£o
:= +(~
L
)t L~ I ~)
~2.
mode.! ~(( SCAle
V :2.sr""/s
L O.lfl n\ !2. '15" ~
OR
'f;L f(><L"J t~)
JL =
L
N 45'0 rpwt

~)5IZE" = 2 "" =.005~6 ~

"360

_ \J ~
V =~ lM =671~'
VE LOC lTV 1r
v"" = O.qc;q I VJ::S. .~ ''5
~-~ L
F.S. F.e;.

Vm: ~~IA60 =. 422 ~/5

b) TIME- t: Uoc = canst. a'R 1: - 1:.

L '1.0
t*- _ Lwt ~ - Lw.j.Le. -.l-
f; - L P Vry. - r; LW' - J1. <i
b) TH-~05T: EM =E~.s.
tltt:: ..!1:. 1,,. = 3~ Hti..,.
If.t:t ~~a ) Fr:s. =F)I\ p v~\ F'.~ Af'S
pv:L\to\ PrM
II.JZ IRe. mode.l -==~ 'Pl'oto~f:e. FF.S. :: 2'lS (,.
\j.q'l
ql./)(-..-L )2(:2.ct 5'12N
.'10<} ~- .~I j
I'M =ArM. vp L? A
PP VIM L.W\ ? FF.s. = SZJ '300 N
OR '"PwM =-1)401 )1"", vp Lp ~ ToRQUE:
v-,..,
Tp ,up Lm
Q --= FL :. QF:s. = QM(F"•
FMA
.v LF.~
LM

QF.S. % 20 (5'~30D) (-:2.({~)

:ailS . £/1 )
~ 25',5"/1 Nm
 1\.20 1\.2'2. a (/v\A: ) )1- (J.vLT)
IN he$r~NT(,~/~ Is W~
J lM/L~) V (Lfr)
g W=-\7f+)AV?ll~ -I)
d(L) V(L)
f.!1t$(~
__ . \ _ /_ \ f. r7 •.,r;:?.y< ~ I \~
l£~ o-~ ~ u-/~;\t~ v;,-l/L \~~ ~ ~L.-~Lb..JI'" v.uy

Ou;~AtJ\C r "-
~~~ ,let::5~,
- ilt: \
QY.E.. ~~z~~+31~~-l) ~tVt~ l~(O~) tv5 I

J L/I/ n.+-" «.~(5c::Z)W' C 7D

o!.-Il·.. l~
~~AJ dJ Oy'1)
T~ GrO D="THE ~ vrry YD ) .J-i~~
~}./\To mt. hpzn~ -rt~t ls X> 3~ ~~ i\\l-g W~$
/

D) ~) V f() ~7 {JD~V 7,
1ilu:; J
JIrD= ,~/ :lEi. ) Gli'l
I \.Z I 'I \ /«- 'j'V" )
E 0't cfr2-J I (L)
S (M/k1 ) t (T) 1\_'25 5StEW VA2L~ .
TIJ~ Is ~ 9IMENSt:)N~"5S A? (r!Lz.) ?(~-t!LZ.)
q~u? L.. Q( L'L/t ; L (L)
t=.t
-
~rS
Q(L)
, "'\
r2(L)
net-I)
We.~
f'S.,. lz.EtIs 1,.
@ T~lJS T~ ~LD £Sf; 4~~
VIA {~(D(;; WE UA~o 0/. 2i ~
~ug
4r ~ Z. tzEt 6JLt
'\)
~r j
/0 ._A.

J;.. ~N h:X7C~
.-7 L e
cit S "8 r4 ~ Q 6.111;, , i.Mr Grow
12_ ~ /:4\.i"2 It5
~ ~H.&) z ('?/~
~TAl.V~Q - ~Qh
L.

m~ d:4:~t~ A- Yr~/z, ~~---~-",-~~-~

69
 CHAPTER 12 1)= ~ pV2 PI ~=.l(.OO23?~JJr([;g"'AJ
2. 4 12

= J.?bb . 10-S'"Cn V2 Ibof

v= 1ReJ __1R.e.(.ISq)cIO-?)
15 l.bS /1'-
= 1.'5"61R~
10 3

V fp~ 1<e CD Dlbf

So J.{3~ ?l5"0 .1.11 .021
?5' 611, ?'19 .If? .
122 "DRAG = ~ pv2AR C]:) SO
100 Xb,505 .lft .0'03
12S 108, J3J .11"1
Df =.!.pV2~C-r .130
2 ~L>-t 1,0 J 29,759 .lIb . ,'Z3
= ~ (. 002 3"Y1! rfa)(293.33/"(itof 115'
200 1'T30/0()I) •liS' . '311
225"
21100 (.011)(.75') Ibf 2S() 21"/262- . '10 .li~2

=202b~)(~O~p~} Ib f
2"15
3CO 25'9, ")15 ;"3 . lin
325 ,-ZI/I'I2 .2 ·373
a) WHEN p=. 000 'T3? ~IUlj5/r;p. 350
lfOO
302" ':;{/4 .I .21&
31f6, 02.1 .08 .220
V= 500 ""P'1
Of ::' 3Q21./ I~t ( 5232 hp)

b) WHE~ P =A, (SEA L.EVEL)

V= 200 mpk
Df = 202b llof (IO~ hp)

/2.3 SPHERE IS SIz.E OF A GOLF BALL 100 200 300 '100

1ReC.R\T1CAl. == 2· lOS" \.J -h:>s
AlR @ 20°C J= }.1/9·/0-5' mys 12 S" ~ TRANSITION c::: 2:/05'
~D= 2./o'ii" V= :;'10 5..;2, ~x =~ J X = JJRe.TRAf.ls
l/ / D V V
If=:J.·/o'!i . f.'19·/0-~ = 70. 9S Wf/S X =1.l.Iq -/0-;; .2. ·/os = 0.099 vYt
l/2·/0- 3
'30

12.l/ GOLFBALL SIZE SpHERE 12.6 F/UD V~ @ [[)5E OF B.L.

 v~ =~ ( Jxl.OO )~ ('It' -of)'1. =5 12.9 Vx = C, +~ f:j + <:3 y~ + C"f ~3
Va-
OR ~ = 2~ (IO-8.2?92)= 0.1" "BOUNDARY CONDlnoNS:
~ v;Re;c
(I) V)( f)} =0 C, =0
@ T= loo"F JAiR =O.\ll·16 3
HIs (2) V't( (F) = VxF

lRe.)C = x,\VtlO:: X"'. gg =~O/S76 x" (3) av~ (d) =0

v \2· .Il) '10.3
;/':1
(q) VA' ~~ T ~ dVx == -JP +..M~
x" 'IRE-x v~ -Ff/s dX" ~ c::tx 9lj:l

.s 2/)J2~ 0.5"32 @ '1=0 .. v)( =V~=O

J 'IO,S":; 0.376
2 '61,031 O.U6 :. ;)2Vx/ =..L 4P = - I PVooa'4
~ ':S.2 ~ dx
:3 121,5'11 0.211

FROM 13ERNOULLI
'j=O ;a
... cJ.x

EQVAnONV
- ,
:. ~ 2 VXI = - \/00 cJ. Va1
d~.2 ~ =0 ~ d.X.

~$ = C2 (i) t C3 (iY- t C~{Jt

FROM (2) 1= C2.+ C !>+C,{
2 FROM (3 ) 0= C z +2C 3 +3C'i
X"
}=RoM (~) -F 2 dvao = 2C3
12.7 NO, "BERNOULLI's EQUATION J ~X

IS NOT VALJD IN A '"REGlON OF _-. Vx =- ~..1 _1 (~)3

V1(S 2 $ ;a E'
SEPARATED FL"OlJ.
+ £2 ~(~ _ 2(Y)!f!!~)
4J dx lJ 0 It}/

/2.10 \Ix = a. sin bg

Vx=o @'jzO
Vx = Ve:%) @ ~= 6" v~= a. S;r1bE
~VX =0 @ f1=d
~~
o =Co-sbd:. bF='% :. a = '.100
1J
 12.1/ VJ.= 2 V~ ~
Vx =VE Sir11T!i
:2E
= 2VQlX
it
SlYlltl;&
u
p=~o - 2pt&,2 SIr12B =~-2"oVC: ~
~ = -L/PVaJ2 x
dX 0.. '2.

- d"d'P = To + ~.(dpV/' 0.'1

dx· Jo ux

-Veri)~ pvxd~
~ = II d vx\ == 7r)J. Voa>:
o r ~ ~::o a. d
~ (" EPv)(~&~ == ~p v"'~\t (dX '2.
ax )0 0.2 dx)o
,_ eos'Ti::5Lr dg
- 2-

= 21' Voo:2 d (JX'J.)

0. 2 c&
Vs ct)~ p V" d~
= 41' Voo X
2
cI rax"SiYl7i~ d~
0.. 2 dx Jo :::zE

::: ~p Vco-:J. >< i.. (d"x)

'11 0..2 dx
COLLecrrt-lq 'iE'RMSj
4p"&1{~x) = qreU ~ ')( + 2I'Voa2d(&~
Q. :1 a. t 0. :z olJC
.: 8" -= ttxo.lS.... ----------0.) - zpv«!..?)( d- (bx)
~ 7rc..'" &x
"fret $)(
a.E
= 11A
?~
VQ:l'X T ~,I)Val"Xo
- YJllof-$X + d clr~p vco~)C,... !PV~ ~
'1ic..::1 -ax[ a.~ ~o..:i.J

IN LIMIT AS )(-+0; dS ~ 0
a)(
12.12
12.13 FOR THIS "REGIME) 1<& <:103
11771/11111/11//777/7/7 1I?e.= Dv @ 60 F G
J:zlL{t·IO-S"~2.
;( X'+dX J - J S

XF~(( VXpCO·n1tAt~i(<< ~~dV "Re. =oba Y ; ~ =I J '1'::0.001/6 ~5

Jlc.s. oti).4C. v."""
~=\asI '1'== \.1"3 Wo/s
g~=PJ"I)( -RtI)(t"AX .: 0.0016 ~5 ~ V< \. \"3 ~/s
-tP}X+.4X
-----:2--
+r1x (J1XtAX-J/x)-1; AX

f1.s.vxpev .~)dA -= L[pVx:ld'1\xtAX AIR. @ ~o·1=

V= 1.5"9 ·10-41 er%;
-Lip V/d~\x - VOJ(~:f Vx ~~ IXtAX R~ = (O.'2/12)(OZ) = Q220
1.S''l·/o-4/
- tdpvxd'j}x -V'joAX)
, FROM 'F16. 12.2 I CD ~ 1.:2
REARRANGING f D1VIDINq "BY AX: -Ft>: /'3 '0. .2 )(1.2)(O.O?6lfXIT):J..
\ l~ 2· 32.11Lf
-'P\X+AX -'P'~ JIXtAX 1" (Pi XtAX
~X 2 =.SOII"'f- .: Ft> = . S'Ollhr
-1'\ pI -XI1)(tAX
~+ I)(. AX
-~IX)-T0
2

== j:pv/dY\XtAX - S: pV/dlj\x
~x

-veo i! pVx d~I)(TAX - fa!' ~d,:!~

+Voo~o
IN THE LIMIT AS dX-O ~ ~ J; ....~..-------- ~
-a ~ = To +I(,,~. + ale ~~ pV:c!~ b) VX:' aSlvt 6j "B.c. V.,.(lJ =-Vx[
_ \/, 4.(c3 P~~
CD ~)o
~
VXd
= 51r1rtr;:i
2~
~:x (S} = 0
.:J

REPlAC1NQ J'f =1x (J VCXI~

b) FOR A CIRCULAR CYLINDER
WHERE Vx$ = 2 VQ') 51"(\ 'L
0. }

VxJe2._ 0.'11j)( 5" ~

T - V)(~ 0 V,,$

s: Sir15(~)d~) =¢ =fS\Y\~~ d~
= 2'19 /s
_ - Si\1 'I ~ cas ~ _! co.; ~ (Z +Slrt2~)
5 ,s 6) IRe = IQ.l ::: VD
J
=.!15 - J.
,~
cos. ~ {2. + S;r'l~~)-SiY1\cos~
5 U = (IQ:1X ISq'IO-~) = .IS fps
I/l/~
=~ ~ - G?s ~(gtq5in2~ t3sin~~] THIS INDICATES THAT THE
~Gl2= o.'1f[1-cas~('irl5in:li T3~in'l~li EXPRESSiON t5 VALID OVER
,) (2XI5) sin' x s;Y\~ A WIDE 'RANGE O~ VElOCITIES
a: 0..
(AT v= .ISfpsJ IT IS Nor VALID)
et.=: o.47)~-casl (~tL('Sil! +3~j,,«*~
~ VOl> Sil"l6~ 12.1'E D -= CoA ,oVco2.
a.

c) VxJ;2 2 Va, sin ~ =.S-(2. '292.XI. 22G)(30)

2

:2
As x-o dR. x«a. j = 631.1'0 N
74
 POWER = 30ms (631.10)= 1095"o.Q\V
= 25". '1l1p
FoR b 'hI/s HEADWIND 12.22 3
1D = .S-(2.2~)(1.22b)C36)2. W=VV= t~VCoAJ2
2-
= '109. 6'1 N fo" :: O.CXJ2(9i9 5(~/fP'
PoWER :. 30 !t1 (qoq. 6'i ")
s ?ttO~ =6. ll' 220 7
=2721''1 W = 36.b hp a -, ~ ~
FOR 6 Y)1/s TAILLJ1ND W=~ .2b'R·ttJ (lOZ."1).?i(25.i3J
£!2:)
lD= .5'(2.2'1)(,.2.2')(24)2-
2. : 19.~ Yp
;;: "I (j/. 2. 'HJ
'PoWER -= 30 ~ (L104.2Q ~)
b W= gEE ~:: 15.70 tr
5>0
:::: 1212<1 W =16.3hp
IZ.Z3
~\ F
<.:Ay T=UJ -p"? O.{{i8·fO-? ~"l
6
'v
12./9 L= CL ~ pv 2 A
;;: a4(1.22'}(~4.7)2('2.2'i) CL. ~:: '{Q:: 139.3 '2.~IiL
~ 7 D,I~-{6-3
::: 1122 N = 2~.2 \bf
~ = 2f)2, au ~ %0.4 I

=~ P V2 Co A~
b_1kt~ ~ =~ SN'LC't> A12-
12.:20 D'R A6
FOR EQLJAL DRA~ AT TIlE
SAME S"PE ED <;A6R= Ct,AI~ATE <' Mi='0 ??~u
. ) -- . __ ..~~(··_/~
C)\...... ~if

Ct)A~ = .5"(2.2<1 ,..2) -= 1.''lS"M~

= \.01 .'iTt> 2. ["iRe. > \0'4] JD:: o-lZ8I.16(1~.33}i"-ID7

CD APlATE
'1 2. i44
.: I> -= l.20J ~ ID :? 0 .42 l~f
C. LAMiJJAe ~LA$J2.
12.2.1 JI)::: Co A t pV4 (As D'5d..~ krYtr; END
= =1.I1(irlb)i (.oo23nXI7(,)2
'at: ~ 12.2).
It.2.4 :} 1~.2S
J}~ 0.16.1 ·/0 ~~ .S'T4rlTtN~ '2..
lFT:Z~fV ct~ . C~ ~! I V~44.7~
AT ~ -r7.5·'cf I Va 92J~ frs
2- 2 L =: 5(\'2~(44,7)1.Q) (2.29)
1Dz~~V ~~~== V 0/$,@
f. 8CIE tJ (W~ (~a::of\-!)
-z

~.J64 V
J

CD 11>
7.5 gz.lB ~ .072- If.2~ W: S~ Ot; = o. 52~'b
10 12'Z.9(
A6 .1014 L= W~ ~gV'2,A~CL
15 'B4.% .47 .(~ Ae ~.B{ 1~1. / C,-:% O. 224
2

2.{) 2'45.82 .44 .128 ~l)5 gQ ~ Ll42

V
Z5 307.l7 .10 .16k,7
.Qz{5LO~:: 240 @at/s
ilk lb
~Too kApID.lIJ.t ~TQ\E..
Is O.372s.}J~ lY
/
;' Slt1(X)Thl Qw~~ Is 88.5.
/ (~12.4)
1/ 122'7

.2 /
I
S~ U-Y(k',D)i G ..Tm;
I
f NAVl6Q- - ~~ ~ At-
T~ lJtu 1-

/
JL ~ :d?-tJ(Uf~
8y1 .r~d)( iJ( Y20

1b
 ~A~\3

I~ .. '
I= ~f\J~~~jh/(Ja>
ls- lYm M5W WIND ~
%
TI-lOS
~~·~W~5PmD ZI?e :%.lJ~ .lY~~~'\~'L
12e2kjJ.a:me~y
""" O:(1~3r)
12e=~ I.,O.I (Iae~ 2:91t0e i~~
2 128 (~+Vt~~+tft.lf:'
%

15.3 2CJl3A:z 044~ ·{o'2. cPs

z ~ ~(lfa>-t-~~tr:(trm~V) -1.
-1."-- -
4- ~ ~ l5~ L +- lSi,t. V~d.>* ~ ~-k2 =- 14524
o.44It3!t~
ftk~
T~(p
v.~ O~C:1~ _(O.-t; !t~
~~t~tJ... V)+ l( ~~J".. ~')
os

V45 ~ '~57 _\O-s .ft~

Tug Clt~ ~ TD V (S

t.~,.~( V~2'(JtDV) a.~" ~7ft(z)(r4S2) ~14('87

t!>.~i .\0 -t; I

lW~dN fu ~mLt; DJZ ak.1?O ~ \4}ffi)

~vt;_~~T~
KWl5Tl~ ~tt &-r~
b~ £
~
z (§
1\7_ \ ;
rlD I.S7/ )
: S 7m
T~~R.u~
~Nor-~.

'~:2.
NOTb. T~-rUi; Buz. ~
Nor 'Stow ~1Z.L~ \)J
~ 155
77
 x 1Re.x dLJ~ ~~ G4't1
0 0 0 0
.I 2·1()5 .111 0.321
.5" .2«19 I. Jt'
I .352 2.0'3
2 .'1Ql 3.SQ'

I
'I TRAHsmON Pol NT = J+n
~=2'ltfi
FOR TURBULENT FLO\J~
d' _ O.3'g1 IF Y);: 1./
X - (""Rc).2
f.JAR
~-
--
x
I 2.
X, me~

13"'7 v= AQ ==l((.u;)4.
.~b = 0. 3'1 Hot/s
13. S' ~L = Lv = (Y2)( LlO}3 = \-:l~ ZOO .7

T
J} .Isq .,0-

0.) TlJRBULENT FLOW CALCULATE ~t f Vt ~

Cfx -= O.OS?6 1';;' = a 022 5'f -
V;<2
ma.x r:--~--
J J~
VXmAX ~~
( ';f2(x) 0.7.
FOR THE Y7~ POWER LALJ
efL =J. (L CL ax =O.o!;".f' (L
L..Jo TX L(Tr2)0 )(
-0.2
c;{x
v= o:Z{? Vmo.x ("PRoB. '-1.12)
:. VW\~ :- O. £f 16 t\1/s

~h1o..x == t:J. 07!J WI

~
J H~o
':::110-
b
Hil)S

LJ
\'vxmc..x ~tl1Q.X'
)-V _ I3.2ct
I
= 0.07-2 == 0.006"07 -

:..jJ;.p = O. '{It, ~.022!; = o.ori'll!!

JO.l/51

D'RA6" =2(bJ Pv2A Cfl: FOR 2 SIDES 13.2' s

=(O.~2373X I600XI.5)CfL a) LAMlNAR SUBLA YE"R
= s.;r4L =0.0392 lb. ~+= ~ijJ ~ ::: 5
b) LAMINAR FLOW J
eft. = (~~Y2 = 0.00375 ~ = tj+)1 = 0.292 n1m
~,",(p
DRAG = 5. ?CfL. :::=.0.0214 lb.
 b) 'BUF"J:"ffi LAVI:R ~ M ~
30 > y+ >S' .: ~~)C = I.?SI./ Mtti\ q PV~'2. ~f'V~3

AY = 1.~'2. ~tH 0
.~:z
0
• CJ()l/
0
.2S1
.ofq .1./92 .3f1S-
c) CORE .126 .5S3 .4112
1'5"-I.?£" = 73.25'" ......... ./68 .601 • ~6b
.2.10 .6QO • 5/2
.:25:2 .61~ .5SQ
13.&' MOMENTUM ,- pV2
EN ERG Y ,,-.J P v3 ON 6RAPH:
@1i?e -= IO~ .&- =~·S-Jk)CO.2,\ \) MoM-LAM 3) MoM-TURB
6L l-s i~ ~~S- J 2) ENER6.Y-LAM q) ENER6'1-TlJRB
= 2. '3'1 J.o
v= V«)f(~) .X
MoMENTUM =pVoo2 f2.(-rJ .6

MOMENTUM
P ~2
nuX' = f 2(iJ .q
.2
ENER§V ~LUX = f3~) OL-~~~--~~---­
() .2 .'1 .6 .8" /.0
Y2f1~3
M
pV• .2
£-L
,~pVco3.
LAMINAR;
M
p Veo 2
= sin2.(i 1J) L
r3.Q "'ORA6 =CfL ~pv2A -2SIDE5

E
~pV~3
= SiY13j~ 1r)
\-CL 2
A = T·l/O·2= SbOfP-
D= ~(.OO20qqX205)2(S60)CfL
= 2~" JEq .eft. Ibf-
~ ~It{~ rrt) pVoo2.
..M- E
~L &1- Z ~pV~ "IRe. = vL - 205·? - 'Z IL/O 000
1) - 3~6'1'IO-7 - J .I

0 0 0 0 • D02.0~
.1 .J5'b .021./1/ .OO3E
.3 · 'I5S' .~ol .Oqq 0.) LAMINJ¥R
.5 · ?O1' • SOO .355" CfL =1.32X' = 0. OOL/65'
.1
.q
· Zq
.qq
.195
.t/f
.?aK
.'i7
~
1.0 l. 00 J .00 /.00 D= 11.26 Ibl
b) TURBULE'NT
O.OS'1&
cfj( = (vx/lJf2

79
 4L:: 0.072 :: O.Oo2QQ eft = 0.0000664
~.2
L D= 265"6 N
$:. 5".2,0 =. S'/O-2~ ::" . 5"em
fl/·/oJ
13.10 ~)< =\0" 13.12 0.) J"~= 1,(1- ~.&)cl'j
COM"PA'RE'C" ~ CfX
a) LAMlNAR ~:: S"x
fi& = ~ s: (1- ~) d(~)
TURBULENT s:" _ •3?6 ~
'1" - 1Re.X • 2 LET ~ = t{
C;- _ .3=1€,'ii"".).3 LJ ':UJ
J~ (. ~1 I
~ - ~ If"e :: -"T7
~ = )0 ~ -(1J d~ = 1- lti;-
b) LAMINAR Cfx= ~tt
I +YI
TURBULENT CfJ( =.OS''7~
'iRe)( .2

Cfr _ . 05'76 ~.3= S:'17

ef£. - .66'1

1"3.11 Tl1R13ULENT:
o _ o. 3~ C _ o. on. = $ V1
X - "Re".2 tt. - ~L..4. (rt+lX (lt2) .

1Re - V.L
L-7 c) 2 + .E! = 2 +(21X"H'2)
T= 2oD C, J=IO-b ~}§ e (~)CV\)

'IRe 2D. = Lj./OT

== 2 + ~
2 Vl
D= fPV Cf A

=~ ·IOOO·JIC)O''1·200
=1I./0'7Cf N

efL = .00137 D:::r 5"l./, 'l2S" N

6'= .31(;, ·20 =O-W3)')f -IL/.3cm
~.2

Bo
 T\-IE SOLUTION \5
u= eSA{

= e- fPr.x)clx 5~(x>e ~ P(lt} dxc( x

13.1£1 J; = V, I cl Vxd"i2t 2) 2 de
P 'X d;"t e e t-Vxcr G&
<

O.022S Vd f. In )~ WHeAl vxr. s CONSTANT

\ V)C~ (mIXr1t2)B ?CX) = 0

= vx~ d lJxJ"(2+3"\e +- v~ de
U =Q x -t C..I c= ul){=o
,dx 11 j dx
I~J"
MULTfPL Y eY ekI AND NOTE TM£:A<XS»tE1;> A~ tSb
eX! de = %Je 5N ~ Tm:.. VIcM~IM~
S1tn>~ ~~ &t~
;L deSfil + e5~(2 +3,,') d v'x~ ~b-r~~
5' dx \14 n} clx ~v,lk(~~~
~DtS~~<1~
=0.0225 fr~+I~(Y1tiJ~ (~J~ hJ 8~£·

rS./~ LET eS-lt = U

EQUATIoN 15 OF J="oRM

~ + 'PC)() U =QU() ( l)
WHERE ~} = ~(2t-3"\dIAtVxi
Li Yl"} r).y.

Q(x): ~O.022S ~. IhQ\~

"tl)(m-2)j tvxiJ
Ux~ MAy VARY WITH X

EQUATIONO) J5 KNOWN AS A
L1N~AR FIRST ORDER
DIFFERENTIA L EQUATION
 ~VX (~)Vn -'-
= V;t"R
M
oCj ~
'3.I8VlC'''(~yJ=~O) t ~~./L x AS ~~o ~Vx~(;x,
c;1~

+ ~Vx'L
~ y + 7'l1!...2 + d2.Vx'/.f
X~ ;;y 2 2. 0 Z
As Y=>"R ~ vx ~ v""
~'1 ttl<

T ~VX'I X~· ••
"
~J(d~ 0

SiNCE AS V-Q ~/~a

..
.~ v/(X, '!J) "../c, ~ T C,.~4 t-C3~ ~
~ I'j=o etc.
;;;V'

~/ (x,~) :> 'j tb,. «:j:l. +~)(~

;} V'; 1 e. te.
~4j ~eO

FRoM CONTINUITY ;)V'/ + ;;Vtj' =0

;;x d~

So~ C~<j+ •.. +b, +2b2'1+b,3X",=O

COMPARING COEFFICIENTS OF
X-/X/ ¢ ~' TERMS.. WE OBTAIN

bJ=o} ~=0.l C 3 +2b2 =0

HENCE ~:'(XICj J = ~ y +S y2
+ C3XY t-

V~I ()(,<1) = -C3 '{2 ...

U)( ...v'jI / -- -c 3 C I '{3 - c.,... c .. y~ 4

TAKINc$ TIME AV£RAQ£

VX .. V~ .. = -C g C, '1.3 t- HIQ.H E'R OR DE/{

TERMS ~OR MIXlN6 L{;N6TH

"
THEORy \fx'V~/ ~ ~2.

BZ.
 CHAPTER ~ ~ == ~o...~ J "P2 :. 300 \<'?~
Q == O. 56 w.~
ru V = ~ = '0 ~'~~o.J ·~s S
~ (o~~'f ff)2 J= 4.~)(IO-b Ml\2.J!:>

=l.fK tps P = 2'10 ~ /~3.

\RQ. = \) V = V.l2'1/i l)( I. Ii) = 2 q 5" ~ - ~ = (Pow£R)

JJ 8 -Io-S' LAMINAR 1t cH
o =~V +ffCe.-rfrM.it
AP _ ,- - 2 r L V2 . £. = \6 o
-- -"L - )~f -1) ) 't ~
P:: ~ [\/2.
2
P
:: 0.0542 z + 3..
p 't 42
J 2
+u 2

A?:: 2 (.OSq:;J~ (1.II)2(SV

0.0'2 32.2 -Or +~dt,+U.,~
= 66-=1 tbf
R-'2.
a

~D~.111
q .b3 ps~
p= ~.;.[~¥, + ?j;; +~-i:'lf"J
l'i.2
2 \1 L = 2 tf .b.}L2
o ~

AP -= \5" ps', ff = ff (1Re) %)

Gl)ESS LAMINAR FLOlJ 1Rt!. == VI) - Q. 4 ~ 25'S 000
g = '32.f<2 OR ~;p _ L.. 32Jv -;) - 'iro"'J "
AL '[)2 ~f - D c -r e =. OOOlS fl., E:. ,oooo~'{
V=A'P S .Q.D
fj'j2 L ~ %=-3.bl~lo[~ +(3~D)~]
=lS".I&ttf ~..J. ~IO~ 13.2~ =: '(,./3 $i :: .003'Z1.{
5'? 32 ~o \2'Y f""ps V = I. f5 G ~/s r2
~
= O,~!; J
~ =~ = 13.2'1' .\ lOS:: l'3.fC1
Y 12·1 h1.:: 2(.003~)(2i'O"O'l)(.~s"I)=1:l17
.62 ~
.: LAMI NA'R J:"LOW
r>::2, -'P. .= 3'00, 000 -/~ ~ as.;z ~
~

Q.= AV=1l'D y;== aOOO?22 CfS 2

,o~ -aIO ,9. 'lo~
()OO

'i c:J
oR Q = 2. 60 ff~n1in, = "lettS ~~ ~~ =~p~ ::. if.XV1·¥;lO'.Sb ~ 4441
N. '3 (i)~
____
_____
?= 4'141 (25',2 -250 r/2/":1)
Ar 2c?O~ ::: '/,413 I 30b . IJ, "'1/5
;::-250-" 'D= .b2~ ~
2
= ~~ 13 KW DR.. 6"'Q,! hp

S3
 W.G ~ 'P.: A"P, +- A ~ + 6 'ij
GIVEN "PIPE J I) A? MAltv' n> 'P'~E
V 2. ~ \J 2-
A'P -- .f PV 2 - f iA~
"i:)
~+~=rpt~
P :z. ,a T t#o

FoR l=ULL'l' iU~ULE"NT J:'LOW, A'P. -= \lp :z.

p ~
f -=
fUNCTlON O~ e/O ON L Y
THUS ~?_ ~2- 2) 6."PFRtc.notJ
P
THE \t)EA 'BEHIND WATE~ A~ =ZK~~+t(f.f~~~
CAL IB'RATION IS A'P. :: ~,~ B P 2

~?2 w.~ P. t; = ~PlZK or 'It! -'c J

So t..~2 = A'PIIo.O (~02.J p.....
wHa,o ;:;0% '3) A ~NOZ2~
:2
u.. ~ PI" _ VEX,T
.:1 'D _ \'2 (~\~ 6:2.'1 - ,'" ~"nc;' .:.L-+ r - -
1°2 .- ~ 2t.3J ?o - 7. T..c r -' 2 T2.
AP == V i-xfT _ vp:2 == ~ ~(V£~ i" IT-
p ~ ~ I)
1~.5
,
I 3.20 KM 2 Vp:1

~= 6."1 '/0- 6 jlM2/s C.ONTI N U lTV / Al> Vp -= A\lOiZ ~ VE)OT

p.: ZOo I K~ I ""~ :. A~:::
p
\.?2.(Ap'2_
-"2 AN:2
rI}
v='.1~/5 D=.l"~
e = . 000 ,5 ff- L:: 32q DOO~
ADDIN6 T06ETHER
'D
e = \~~3 / ~e.:= llbJ Doo ~::
jJ
Vp:l
2
fi't:"t" 2\( : Llf b + Ap -0
:f 0 Aw?' . 'J
~ = 13,Q"? ~= .005'12
K := !/ f! L~ ID
~
p~
= l/t~1~
t> ~~
2K =;; -a:; t 3.1 +1.5 == 155
::: ~(.OO51:2)(32q ~) (l.I):2. t)/e. == ·'=1¥:J,·5'fOb) = I~

:: 5".1
\: ,-:rl J ~Y()7

M
• ~y '" 1'1.5;<) USIi v= 1.57 /0-5.
0

Vp2 == 1Cfl1 lSp ~ 9.iripc'

~ = M~L:: Z'D11L (.'1/)2(1.1) S"~1.1{ ~ 35.CY2 + I0:2'-10fr} r

=lq41 KW FC)R 'DIe. = 1.2.SZt)lR.c

)
~ 36~;J
12"

~- ::: }8.35 I fF= .005~1

U:: 9.81 fps lRe. ::::3~09(/~Vp
e4
 :. Q =Av =~~i~l~.Ul= .~cfs _pA? = 2K 16 (i?2
71"'''' Dc{
- 13.~ 6?M Q~ 2 'Ir~ D~~ P 71 2 135'
32 K; 32 (s)SK
~.1 AP = hI.
P
: 2 tf 1:D \)2 K Q
OPEN .JS .2lff
~ := (4.'15"'1'4'1) = 3304+2/S~
~ CLOSED .KS .125
fJ 62.'4/32 .114
'12 CLOSED ~.q .055
2 "3,A a.os ED
hL = 2 i" 2S0fjli/6OJ = 31ls" .£±S 20 .02.s'i
D &D~ D
."3
:= ~
Q
§..
DS 31:2S
-::: O. lOS"," ,"5
.2
"!I
lR~ = Dv =- D(ui/bo) .1
V \4 '10-" (1TD)t~)
:::: Li 75' ., oS Yz ~'1 OPEN
D
ASSUME ft = .003...

D5" =. 02 "gt.{ D =0. t.f91 Fe

~ = 3.i".2 x lOS ff =.OOl'{ 5"
MODIFIED 'BERNOULLI ffiUATION
ASS(),tt£ fr = .003'1;- BETWEEN I Z f
D= o. S"OI-l fI-
DS = .0'3:1.'1
'P. ~ v.~ ={'= ?2 1" y{ + 22 t- hL
p§ -. 29 i'; fXj 2~
~= '3."72 ·/O~ tf= .OO'S<l1 CK o V. 2.
T

L ~
~::. ~.,..Z2 +Llff -;;1.
f'3 2g 0 ;;z.~

= Zz. +- :1 (1+ 4 ~ CL)

2~

Q::. Soo tS?~ ::. 1.1l c..fs

v= Q : 5.b?~5 'D = 3333
A e.
'i<.e = ~ = So 6:t ',S ·,a~ = 1.D3·1()~
~p = '1K V~ II I.'t ' - r.:;oo F
P9 .2~
ASSUME "PZ = PATM = lor kPo. %
l
:. 1'5'.136 ff =.00 '(q

v2 ::. ~2 = 16 Q2. -1'2, = '3' .f ~:l.( it 'I". O~'1' ~)

A2 11:2. 1)" ~:2~ .S

85
 - P:a.
~
= "S. S I' FlOW 'RATE = 1F (t fl.1,0.<f9
'"Pz =-~/q ?sf~ :: -'S~ 'P'$.~~
== o. q,S c f's

IL(./O
"'.11 UESTIMATE:
VELOCITY USING
4f"OIA
UNE &RNOULL'''s EQUATION
v2 2 q An= v~ 25' fps (A 11 =10')

'2" 1)IA
1UI5 IS A MAX. WITH NO LOSSES
LINE USINq hL = K3L.l == V2 DUE TO A
?>fTWEEN I E2 I
2 2-
<j('12 -~,)of-V:22_v.2+ 'P:a.-P,::: 0 SUDOEN OPENIN6 AT ENTRANCE
2 to (SEE (;c. Ii -p. 79) v2 =
SAh
-20~ T '1/2.
2
+ 1'z - ?..rrM
P
-=" V= Fl.i-t'P5
2) GtJE"SS v= 10 fps
BETWEEN 2.f3 WITH WATER @ ~OoFI ~-=b10c0
~

~(~~ - t;i2.)-t v·i -V2.\. 1'3 -P:a. .J.hL=o tf = .004'1

2 P a~
:1
= Zh L + Y.. ='hf' t5'2.
L ~ +_
2. v v:1
1

2. a" J I Z 2 +-
.2
V3 - V2 + "PATM -'Pa t- hL =0
2 P :: 11(2 + t4 fr~)
ADDING : -20~ + V32. + hL =0
2 .!: :: 2~6 (FULLY DE:VELOPEO)
'[)
V"3 = A:a V2. = t4 ~ 'i~~ =5".<-11
Aa D
2
nL = ( \ IS • O.? +- J) 2V ~
2
... 2 t; DL V v-= 't 32 fps (CLOSE EfJOUtiH)
ELBOWS (ENTRANCE Q =AV = 1fL~q)C '1.32) =.0 5J cfs

::r~+ 2f JJi"lv 2 = ,q. 'H, G'PM

Lz f Q/,2J
PRESSURE AT "PoJNT'B
== (2.25' of- 6"QOf;}v 1 ASSUME Z-R O~PIPE BEFORE B
-6'4~ r(2.15"t 6QO)V2. =0 Z. + ~ + 1r. = HL -+ Yi +;' + ~
ASSUME f ::: 0.006 • l 2.; Pj ~ 14 I PS
V2. =2. i5 r'i.1'1
6£1l4 = 1,2q.5'7 ZPRO ON SlJ1<F'ACE'

V ::::. IL '31 fps 1Re.. ::: 0/.2 (U. 3t) ~ = -'4 - vi -hL = -1./-Y'"~+4t;.!:.)
'.22 'IO-S' P3 ~~ .2sl" fc
5
1Re. = '3.1'10 fj:. = . OO~£ -~y : -'1- J.3S'O(3.n)::- -q_2~ ff
V2.= ~~~+3.J :::/l0.S" \/: 10.Lf~1Ps P"B = -4 'f>'51'~
~= 2."l·/o5 tf -: .o~t; Ok
 ~= '1'gO, • .!- = JLI. O~61 ft =.oOSog
, ff
V= Q
A
= ~ '~'1
~,~
:::: 225fps hL.=4G b V~ = q·2·5"270·'bG22~
o~ D:;2 S rrr2 1)'1
De = i A~£A = 2 '21 -.:: Z'''' =."6t1
l' '32 hL =22" Q62.!i
OS
= 2QO.3
~ = q~J 3~O ~ -= • 0«'5 ff
jl = '30L05" (2QO. '3+ 175')
~ = L'3 33 ~ :: . 005;Z q ~r +.JI.(~gO'2'll.lf)
I1P = p~ "T k v:z.
Dc.2.
= S 153 '321 "/
/<:!t'"
:l..
12" "PIPE
= .oO:2.3~· tJ . . 005'21. 22 (22.S)
W3 2 v= ~ = 5.9/0 ~/s
A
:' ,~?7? }:)sf
~= ~.~7f·lo5'
=,ocHq U~O
. ~ = 1/16 / 'iff:: 1'I.2!)3
II

'2 II H~O -= 62.Q ;:>s.f

+~ = .OOQ92.

Iq.l'S CAST IRON e. = . ooo~5 9: hi. = 22962 off :=. It~. 03'
!)S"
Q= 3·/0' ~Qj/do.~ 4.6417 cfs =
%T ='PoWER COST + Ulrr/AL COST ~r = ~oI.05"(.J.n.o3)
YR ~V'K5 -+- .11 4( 5"2'80.2'1'1.7)
+ _DfI (INITIAL caSi)
$ - 'PoW£'R COST + .II (INITIAL
= If, IO~ 787
YR. - CO'!>T) 1<1" "'P I'P~
F'OWfR COST: ~ , it'60hrP v= <:) = Ll.31..[2 fps
A
KW"'r lj("'
?eWER = P. ':: iL[ht. +112]25':l5. KW 1Re. -= 3.07' -/0 5
.g(5S{)} 311/3 ~ e:'D -- l"~"
;) T oJ "
.l- --
'f.t;: ItJ1. 4~ I fr=.OO~X'J
r

= .oOl6QS ~GL t/l'~ KW hL =5"/.10

$/ :: 30J.OS(:226.IO)
PoW£R t =1.03q~ (~ Ib;Xhl fl75) /~r
+ .{J-CS2"'!o·2 ·'b.n)
== 301. OS OlL t 175") ~,.
= ~ B7,&82 /~r
10" PIPE:
.", Iq" -PJ'P~ HOST ECONOMicAL
V= Q
A
= ~,5JO R-/~
IRe. = (5'1' X~·S)) = 4, 3 ~/OS 6" I( C Lf • 24 "
l.b5 ~ 10-5

87
0..) SOO<3~W\= ~ :: I.ll~ cfs 'IRe = Vb = I06 VD
~(7.1/6) 'T
=G2. a.)D=.2M "~+f=·l<{
A :.1rD~ A, = O.JQb3 ff2
l{ A2., = O.lq 61 Ff2
=
l<e. 2 '10 5 V e = .000 !"S" 6'

v= 5'.b~.fpS (IN ALL 'PIPES)

=
'D/e. ??:z I ~ = 1~.:213./ ff= .005"73
'iRe =>c:o .: V => '.O~ ·/Ol» Of<
b) I~ ~ Io..~t loofl~!::: .00171
n Q.= 0.163 m3/s
~
e.
= 5~ J= 1.22 'IO-~ b) V2 t.f-':: .0'16 q
'Re =~= O.S(:;.6Z) =2.33 'IO~ 'iRe. = b~OOOV e = .000 IS"H
J (.22 '/O-~
J1'ff =13.1'3 fr.:: .005'8
"l1'e =1£165 I~ 13. 53<{ =
++=>.00 'S~b ~e- ~ 00
A'P = Llff ~ ~~ ~=1-f'V:1=3/.'3~
FoR ~= . DOSO V=> 3..23 ""'/5
t= 200 A?= l./{.oot;1)(~ooK31.3) 'IRe. :;> aU~JO()O ~ = .Oo4~5
::: I'iS.2 ,?sf V= '3. 2;2q ~5
41P :. 1~5".J. p-;.f ;::: J.0041' psi 1Ke.= ~S/OOO OK, v~ '3.Cb WlJs
t-HOOlE 200' e
1:>
=O.OO;2.~1 Q -= O.O/erg »13/5

J:?
e-- ~I fo 'U'l_
~
=1.6l! ·/oS J~lb ~=~~ L£
..L :: 1:2. SCI t,. = . 00 6 :3 " fj !)~
~f - /1 r L Q,'J.
- "1"t"~ D 2g (~"D2)'J.
L. :: 21"3 t,.'P ='-I~OOb'3(:'X.2! ~X'3I."3)
t>
=22Spsf =1.S'Tp~i =32 ~.h.. Q~
C) TOTAL ~p= l.ooY + I.S? +-I.ool' ~.2. '3 pS
= 3. Sg-ps;. 1Re. : VP = qG..

1..-. 2 ... CAST I1<ON

II
ASSUM PTIONS
rrr'D 0

;SO~ • lAP: ~
I)RUB6ER HOSE IS SMODTH
.ob7 COMMERCIAL
ST~EL "D"RAWN TUBING IS o'*'
A"P =p Lf t+ J:. ~~ = 103 IS-O· 2 v"-If 2) NO OTI-I £R LOSS ES IN HOSE
1:>2 D
JbooF = I. 22 'lO-s Ftys
.:. ~.'OS' V2.+
f
=2-' -lOS ~:e. '11'2 p"5 = ff Q2.
D
P 32. L
 ~ + V¢ +eA =~ + ~+Z'g -rhl..
~ ~ ~ 719'
EQUAL
= f;Ql. =1. 36:2>< IO-~ DS" Pi! -~ = ZA -L'a -hL (2)
,09
i<e = ~ = 12.5":2.'°5 Gl
7b~ p
~ = h3 (3)
,.os
a.) "'D :=. Y:2 'I ~Q':I.= 2.301 -/O-b
..../ V2.
'iRE! =2."S 0'/" 0' Q. h 3 - ~J + f'A -t- ~ =~ - 2-B - hL
L
fASSUME -= .OOSJ -
1./:1.
+- YlL = E, -zB -11.3
'iRe. = 5"32.10 fCALL. = .005/1 ~
2. =- 60 1M %::. 2.2.,.,
.: Q. == .02. J :2:2 c::. fs =- I. 2 =t~ c f~
.;. -= I. '32S U:JrK/s
~ ( I t 'I tf ~) =30... 1..3 =l!'...
b) u= ~c./' ffQ:J = Fl.4"6·10-1:.
iRe.. =I."6Q _/06Q ~ .ff~ = q(. ooct)XQ
.3S
= 3.65"7
fASSUME =. OOt.(4t;;
Q = . Ob.26 ~ 1R~ ::: IOq" b I q - ---
v'l. _
~
30
<f.bS;
v = IJ. .b'8 Kifs
+CALL = .00 1I~).
Q= 1.2l W1 3/s -......I t - - - - -
:. Q== .06:2. <f0 cfrs = '3. 77'iI cfW1

~ = 3.'1215 tlo""'5 b) ~ = .2S"0

off ::;:> .OO?I
11I.1? A r-_

" => t!.~S'1 /MIs

'Re. = :~s10"·?bSI = 3.03 '/0'".
Q::: O. Z 3:2 IN\3/S

(I)
I'/./f T I

"~~

1
89
 AP ="?.l-~ = ffj(- ~l. +Ac)
-rt;I2M-6y-~
=fJ ~ ft' €v l +Pc) Ai! V. t t ""
V~ " (~J iQ, Y/- A~!)
'1, '\.

v= Q
A
= qO *3/5
7r( S..,p.
= 4.S'i "'/5 20 2. ~, L T
2j = -2.03~
,6i=> = 10 "'f8~. :>. (</.Si)>'4 lie. -90 -::(S-\)IOS ~ QS.S ~
)lej glOd
T (q :fif? X6h"Z M4j
-c~ -2a 111 - 2fD. 0 W"\
=lO'!.f'"?I:2.'1~ t b5f:7.:?]
nj.. =hL, ~ hL'2-
~ = V"D = (4. ~Xs) =1.''If"tI W~~ 1) =(),'ZM/ (): (.<69.)~
T 1.3'( 1< 10-5'
~ "2~QVI ~r'h:O.a:v~
(ASSUM~ Tft2.0 -:::IOOC)
ff ~ O. ~ ,~ bL,~ ~ 17S .<ff",
tve.: Iq 6 is

-L - -3b I f)·9 tl. I - ~~l

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I Problem 24.9 Excel Spreadsheet

Mol. Solute Molecular

Solute Wt. Diameter Diffusion
ds Coefficient
(nm) (cm 2/s)

Lysozyme (A) 14,100 4.12 1.04E-06

Catalase (8) 250,000 10.44 4.10E-07

dpore = 14.3 nm
O
DOA-H20 I D S-H20 = 0.394
<PB = 0.729 <PA= 0.288
F1(<pA) = 0.074 F1(<pA) = 0.507
F1{<pA) = 0.080 F1(<PA) = 0.443
D'se= 0.006 D'Ae= 0.225

cx= 15.00

21,3D
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Ii (tf!t)
()

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IJ cirp{)re Me n fI1
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( - Seheit/er y. .,/0 .2
,-{ _ 16~31 1,75[L 1- L] 2- NIr~ 7, f:J. 'l.ft) ~ [0,1- ",6';1 ~
Vfl(3 - Mil- M~
11-16"'~M ~
P lCiv,:;)13 +- (f v6) ~ J 2-
.: /,"~ 1\1;8I1ill,
~S
T /,75""= C2.9f() 1.75'= ,2/,311
L] ~z. ::::: VI;z. C()~Ce11 frCi.I-t~;f (/,,~hie:-
[ LJV1 t4 + /1116 /'J
() 7
~/;= ,:L 0, f
1i{d.j:) =0
AJCHC~"~~ 1,,5+ 18K +3{!9,o)==- 7'.9? ell" ;;: C, =t
CZ. 1-
~ I/. ":2. I~ v.l7 2. @ :c,::6 J eft "'" d. I J C,2.:::: tJ,/
@'~) :5 f-~cJ6) ~J = [(7~ //8) +- (;;'0, I) .J
e' 'r::::. 4 X flJ-3 j1'/) CIf =~,tJ2
= 41',50
~~ 0/ (j 1. ::. (-'I 'f. !O~,) C1 +- I), J
Dff,!;:: / b (;'1 374)(0, 201) -:=:: 0. b? / 'J.. ~ (, .:::-~()
(1)(4f~~t» ~
C14 (vtll/e):.: -:l.t; l: Lm) f-~, /
m3
Cz J.fs-.d II .ft,r~uJh a It"
s- ~L~ ~:~~k{~)
C == E-.::: /,/J13)( /6 ~
r<. r ( 8,3/1 ~ 'm g 'fZf3 K) ;- (1~,{'/ ~;;J-){I,fJK/i~:2)~ (-h)
WI/JIeIK
::. -1 3,(J!;- m~ (), 1)1 WI
1'1"'1.3
-::. til ~/ x 10-3 ~/e
In"-·5

tie IrMe !;r /"')-1P/& 4f'u.. 11112-

! =- /, 0 f'tIdlell1?'- ::. '(.31-
~.3 / 1".$
"I)'/y../o I!?.,,~
/A1:2.s-

COhce n Ira fit? n rfJY'"t? I't Je

) -:c - "l:. I
{I- i'lt ::- (/- fffl~ )"i;:-t (
(I-tjlf,) I-~f/"I

/ -!1ft =- (Y-) ~()

O,~ OR ~,~
fA-Oy(/,III)
J- d lt - , 0 11;;
'Iff = /- tJ,'1(i,/II)'

z 4- I" It ,'0
::::- ').,1/;t:. I a- 4 Mole 1m:;', S \
 ~ ==:. VRSL. (Cft - Ctt ) ;;. lor 7
B I ;2,.

-= 1.72. .'( 10 ~2.(fI, /1 rt4~ - 0) Jit~ ~ - DI9f3 dd2r

5L::- -OF-! (3 (C/9 - CA )
$ mIT A 1: ( :2.

~ I~. . ~)
-:::: II S 8 1.. Itt' /nIJ/e ImJ.. s c:t l - CR .2;: -k.£V2..- 1lj1 ~ "kt;f, . "-12. :J.

hMt!' lOY' / m~/~ I/'/"u / In Z J;;~~ D~ (I1-Ji. )

.J:. ~ ~
L
t: .:: I f'I1()/e/m -::; t, 33)( IKs
/,51' XI()-6M"lelm2.,)-=~===
Cantle 11.fY'Q 11t!J1'1 (/J,pl'lle
..rL (Nit );= -"-{- f)/tfj~) ~ i.. (J.!h):: 0
de ~ dit o~ d~.eli!

CA == C1 if +- c~
@ t == {).J ell/:; 9d7 .:: c;.
(J t::'::; /Or"r1i"Y} C;,:::- ~ '117 ~ -t:tvYJ rn) t-
hi • m", 9,17
eft ;: -(},.'1I1

:<'''/~
/VI1~ =:.. POrtS k ('~tfr7-)
R1(2.:;..-l:.,) 1-'3"1
D4-13 "'~./..L.,
' '" P '/
PDfl8-
,...~ L.P:;. /
P
I nie(I)c~I1Jenir flf tfr'essuV"9 s-
IPttZ /5X 10 ~
11 0 Chanqe In ("It-! X
a (jh{) =- I X ItYFa
W6 ~ - c DAf!, d$Ja +- ~6 (N~ f- He)
z- d~ ~ LtJl1! fctbe,; tlse C/jhndnf'(1/
~ 1_- LIc1 r1
COl'lce V)TlC'lT
.e 1/ I f<. flow Cot) V'd Ii? t1 fe s

fay" Ne f: =- OJ t/,e Conce n -r'f~ h~n

L.L (r Nfl ) =0 . yo AI 15 CtJ(Jsjpni-
r dr t' J '1ft'
COn h'(btJft"ov'J mf,l~f 6e elt10 I
hUT t'n otPf,o$//e d,rechoV7
{o bulk !erffl CtJnfvlhu/;on-
 (.))/Ii Cfl 111 moll?:.. ClI)d t" It> /4'71';),
m3
(p /,:;~ =- c; ~ (5) i- c.~

4;, oS- ... 0 ~ Ui) ,J- {7.-

(y- NAr) ~ !:'e-;:.. 'OM lAJ $ \
rz r<. l'
A
V h,!.
-
"oJ C!(.-::' -13,[;¥'
-IS
If r= ~'13'S 7k8::.4,1/fx1tJ m% ~:2-::: /3 /1ft'
-/~ ~
(Ii NffV' 'r-:! ~ (1:..1.: 1,-1 f('f./(J JL2 [0,5' 'I-/() Ii) fA (~) ;; 43, /p~ yo {vm1'9 T 13/, Pi'
J., ~ 3
C?3/1-~'~' l(~rJI<)
mole ,I<'
:;.. t;>, '1
V-Nfk·/ (&,.f7(J)':: r.;;'I{,;</i/+~~Je
r;; m· s .Jv. (r"lMi~) = O. J
y2. Nt4r is cahs/anf

%r -=- - C l1t.e d~
r'
+ Yft (ll,t
'r
tI\~;
t?e,
NfI't = - C DA-t3 ~~
bJ C~Y?cen.fygl/t)rJ (DYt)/iie: 1-'fA dr
<:?J 0
L
dY'
(r NlfV');::: .sL(t' dCA ) = 0
cdr;rF ~ R.
J
( ::;rr r" Nn~ dr. = ::71cQ'1
r'A 8
f- A!JIL
I-tift
~ )j14 s
Y'&;:"CI
dr @t ~ t:)) Y':::.. S"rnrn':::' 6r ()() 5'm
C.1':::: C; ~r t- C2. fP
ftI, 0= 311f:L4mm Id)/~ / SeJ
7' >< ~ x 0 r 0..
~ ri~ 5'mm ~.:: ett,L
r<. r
(p(J vr/m
It.
::. 1J 'J.1 1.8 ?a.
Clti == ffr..= 1,5;( /tJ5'Ii -=- to/.59 t'Ilaje.
~lts: 't :J.~/I f:fl. .:; . OrO 117
(ogS 11 fi'!!;'X~'I3K) rn3 . /,61.3 '/.)0
5
&
Vfjo/:;'[<
~ '("0 -= !mrn
c..no :. /,() 1- lOs-~ ::::
I"~
1- j. 0 f:) In-P./.!'E.. ~ [- /;-CJ '" 2'frc Ull5 Ge[i;;r5tJ
(g,311 Pa ,m3 1...2 ~51<)
Wit ( -kJ:= ;2.jrc 1JfifJ ,t,(I, D1S~)
fY}3
mo)el<

J..t~ -= :1 rYe Dr'l6 Kle'1 Ct (t1' 57)

H').):>
 QIP

411y"~~
~ r
fc;k =- 1trcQ, f
r~ '?f1J
/i)dff'tr
/-'1
J,~
,IT
~ Ins t7 fr

~*'c ~6 Rtr. (1.0<130'" -/J, oss-If7Id 1(}1 ~ [-kJ :: 41r'C ~t!J ,)t1 [-I~)

C Dlfe~ {!,{)4J7)d~ .::.-atJ5~r, ~Jr< JV,q.::' 411C DI1l! Rk Lf-y;)

c V.~e ~ (1./)437)4(fdt:if' • r. R" =: '/),6.55t Jf(dR..
Naphlha/el1R tN,lttl1oe. " ,
~f {[npu b ) -= {ol4lr;uf j ~[lIc!cu~,,-kI7CJI11
C D,tB h (;. ~ 4~ 7) -6.:; (/~ OS"~ [~t.?-- R./) o -: 4 fr'c:, 415 R ~ [i;jt&] ~..P~ &
2.. MA dt
5~
C ::- r-=
P
/,PI3x/o a...
If (!-3/1 ~. rn1X.3l>3k)
.:. 4tJ,/~ tV.Pif
m3
~ lJA8l?~~];:
Y" . <I"S
-j!f~/(d
It?,4 cI~
t v

m~/e,1< 7r;t' Rf
C~D ~[t-rw 7;: tr ::: -ft#(r<dR.
::. 1-. al.l K /~... ~p/e /cltl Q '(/"'$ I:> ~ ~
O~(3 .= o/),t,() ~~( .X>~ ~ d '~/ ~ c~
s :L'1I') -- ,;trt> S
d4c; ~!f-tns1 ~ .~ f-!.!!i! [1(/"-8/1
J.1A- :l..
-~
(1.112 '1./0 lI1.P.leXO,~h~ C.!ll-Vo,(1)'f) t- Ii .c.. tJ.tJ/rn 1ft.".~ I;t. /0 -4rn 2-
Cmo :s A
aoS5'~ 1r14)~ ( {(),5('.WJJ~- D) Rf =~, PCJ~$" 'Y: : : '{.)..5'J< la-£m
'Z. ~

-5 ~
~
1 l. :2.
CM ~i - ~ == r."!75'x../~ Ir?

t-=- I,S~:2 x I/)~ .:::: 1.;:22.7 t,V',$

fig} fl 4 /.14 <5 J ic lfts -:::: ~ 71)( /~1(1l"le
tv?1/- 12Yf}/l]Id/te cm$
;2 t" /0
== ~91 x lOS' WId/elm '6
c::;. e. cot. /'(15)( /1) ~
s'

((.1 (f,gJ4 ~3X:3'171<)

W]pfeK.
(J D -:::: '35./i ;"Jut/mlff .
'V,NA ~ ~ ::. fof :lfts = £.:: ?t;" ~.... ~ /lJiJA'S-,
P /'tJ!!X/CJ Pu... 5

j- {(,:J..NIt.,..}:::. () ,r:J.Nft r fseol/sfanl

a~ ~
c (35;;1 ~x.j. /7 )Clip) Aio.fr93~ t;::.
filii r := - C O".e 1# r fll [NitI" r;(;] (/fJ
f/,?1bX/O jmo1tt..,['9,315)CIO
r'
*7
111 3 ~
AlII Y' -= - Co DITtO c&e
/- fjl't d y.. t -: ~,~J '/..1t)S; :: '-;'1 hr.
 :2~, 1/ lis V; dee'l'eases Wilt -f/~
( V rj:: 10",,,., .:::. I eM ~"'2., -:::. - ~ ffL C VI9D"(0,.:1.1'
J . 'r 111
1 I Y,., :::: 15i7/fJ') :: I,!j~vn
.1m ( !:.t5) J
ntl'l1

1~25c~
I y
() <:>
'l-';I} 1- jj ; : fo .vYc"2. = -;¥to 1...

;b (rNrtY') 0; ::t. r NflV' IS C07AtSfcn-d- to r60n btl /aYlcG

{.znj?ut J.:: [tJIAJIJ,(ff rfi;~£tJnJ((/a/-,;,n}
C t 02,. -.:;. cOJ...

N~.'J. if' :::. - tlc~:;.. or J 0t::- A

C1 .:::: 2 errc ~6(()- :1I) t fl,.. c/JI..
-/Lhv- lnCr"~5) /2. dc
WPj v:: - C q,C4 ~$a
dr .. (/'u~OJf\ to t-/ ~...)
dV-= ~tr'Y"L 4.C
;r:b de
WITr" == - C V fi6 ~
dr
r: t1.. ~·~I ~c Oae{tJ :2.J) t g (vf)(r-)dr::/)"
f dyfr
1
tJ
'l~'j 4f :: - 1 'ff"L C !)1t/3 k (r¥) I~ J(:
y~ r, 0
Ir
PYo., .-On (&) ::. -:J.1r L c l/t,e (o,.tV
,... r,
c DJ9(j {tJ.21/lt; :::..
o
-iiiV'h(,:.q)Jr-
(:J.. 0
r'l

r
lAfo.::: -:2..;( Lc4+e ((1.:2.J) c Otff8(q,:J.I) t;:: - ff/'~ (~Jr
1-
1-" (~) ?c/l't- 0 ...
r.-:::/ (1;:.::./

C ::. fr : :(f,~J1 ~~:)(JIt4K)::: 22./5 m3

Vi
2,()2(P"/.. /6 $'flo.., ",,,Ie
== 1 t.y-fh.z 6. r(),~?dr- - J Y"kJ
() '0
V' J t"

C
-: : . ~, ~J"
mtJle.",
j,h,s.
x /; ~IJJe (em!
CORe ((J,)'J)f:' -= (.2, ~ I$'~ JO~~7~J.t,..vJt'
~f5 O#J7S~2(~XJlO{)K. fz
:: Pc / J '-. 3.1
'2, j)5 C!!, "$
s .2. ah-n ':)73k..) 111Jm ,lf>
:;:! (),70! Cm2.= J,tJixl;~Ys ::: /./6'" )( li~t
s 6

t//h eY) t;; CJ) Ij:= I Crr1 f". h,s,

(J (I
. -.Y' t Y'1m V'd Y' =
) () r .e,,( rf- o,5jd r -.iD
Jta'2.. :::. -2 't( (25'Cfl>,)(2, 215'j(./O 1I16koX,a 708 t;!!#-)'f)
_______.____ C~ ___~ == O. J 15'5"em 'L
k (id- cm /Y/ feJrafed by leI- a = y" I-I),$'"
',0 ~WI ) . 1"'.:::. U -(},6"
.:=" -/~ 9 }<. 10- 3 mol/s dr :::-dlA
 c,:. f..,:::; /,{)/Jy..lats"~ ..:: 4~. ~1 wlt)/e
reI (!,~/1 ~aX281f() J-nD
mole.· K
_~ J / 3
== 410 Sf! ;< It) h1lJle 111m

Ofit3 ~ a {J'?j qd- (JlJY'$eh fc/jel')

:>
"
'\7, IJPt + Jfi :;~;
()
~ [#-{/1J-1
r--yftsJ.:: ~[~]::: 0,3t;,{
o~t.r1,

V· JJIt :;. /) W I i~ I!...:::. 5LJ L'vr)

Use a. conf"."J va flAlIJe. L £..'1[~fl.1 J:::. 1- in [rw]

:;. ft /<" I<. :-2: r J. rr (fit)) . 0, j5
~'I~~
~ -.L4.(~A)~O
1/1'- A dZ:- ~ :: {),D/'l/
• N~ A IS a.. COr.J.t"/-d I1f
~ {(},(l/?I) ~ (4.CJI9r.i{fJJlj
Ch1 3
)~.6fJ'!d){O.J6t
s

"l-, :.:. 4- 917~t."wJ

@ r:::./J trJli.s::::' &:; 3,0",)( 104= (},3()3
P I. tH5 ~J{)'5

]::.:::. -4 'I. T!Jc Wl itr,:;:. tJ-

 ~~~ P,J
N..2; 71 r') ~1:. := - C 46njj~~
~ 0 c1,d,

r=-lr1lf'b
~ I:::. 0 • r:~, 615""111"::" l6tJW/:: b
<J

@l:: :rt70 J'r:::: SenF:' ~rt(5~/.7.) f 7,5-

171';-'- 5'1:/0- 3 ,
~
I' r (em).::: -5x/d-J~ + "15
=:, - i: f 15()r~
~(}O
:2..
r;2 = -l-)
(It>tJtJ
/I)(/02f

)N'fi- (4 Xta 4) 1 dt
500
o (J'5d~ - 2;)2
;:. c. Vftfj fifo, /P - /J,;)
tfoo ,)
:2d.l1- ~ (4 x104) L~.c- Ja ;::, c ~rC(!>. 5)
___ ~m--~
~ l4'1.I0 )C;tf)) ~ c11trprr{rJIS)
4
,,--J
O,I5'm- -, - , - --(j.()5'fY/

-~ jA/ft~ (3,77y: (O~rruktOt to! fJ1fry'~J5)~

en-is S

FrofYl :L&- 13 J< IEl2 '" l-

a'!) 4>< 10 ~
01+(3 :::. OJ{)5 CMY.s
= .If,~" )( 10- 7mole/5
C.:: j, 7 7 >< 10-s;"LJ L.; = =
Clh.:J

[!orr/-Ytij 1./0 lei me 2~,/5'

NAc1Y'r~ 2. J -'" N~c1t'r1 ::; O.
cff.H:: C

'st(r?'''' )
di!:. '~Az
::--u .J. rill;..Ill; /s cons}4nf
o ,)
1! -Nft.;;
NAt":; -c D/18 iff tl(J,j~l!!~E:)
NAt =- -Nl6.c as ~ &,13
 a) PrlKe _p ,
/J,r ds %' ~,5')( / [} 1-1 :-:. (), ~$-'
d ppre I -;<ftJ- i f1"l

if (cp):: (.,.:. cp) ~::::.. (o, 75)~~ oS" l5~

F;Ccf): /- :2. JtJ4 cf + ::<,p94>~ (j,95'C/5"'

Wtt(h ~J = c ()fJt3 1m C~) =- /-,1".,/01 (O~)..S) r;J" ~r (0,:;.5/
-~. 96' (0,:2.5):5'
JiI;.:. C Of1l3 (Od9!) :... (J,5t)(P

c:::: f.. .:: /1 ~ 1'3 X /05'~ :::: 4t1,/19m4 OIlKe~ O;B 1[(4) lictp)
~I (l311 PrJ,.m')(;'9f1K) rn
mtJ/e·f::,. -:: (I x /O-(()Yl;X)(O.~b~(arrt;J,)

~,~ =- O.09~2. ¥;::. fI,,). Yo 10' m% -::- :;'.$5")< /0 -IINJ7s

WA :: (40, rf ~::: [/I, ~~ '2 x I ~~~rJ.A0.lfJ) m 6) V. Iv'It f ac.j' ~ f)/71 ~

.:&:£ - 7A
= 7, 23 ;( /0- 5'
ttltf/e Is 1i(~e) ~ OJ !lire: IS. C()rJ'J'J~p( f·
CAr z ~ L J W d ~.r) +-
2.-
t ::' ).. Y)'1

A;= :t WI
-S'
7,'Z]xlo mj/~/s
~ ml.

tlltb::::" OAf; (1,0 - tJ)

L.
 !'he )'t:1'(:o< . . J;r;li(/4)' htf'e bd 11 rd
he/i;' f IS 3rtJ;I')~
!1Je /o/httJ/'{j Exc!;--',L..
5{Jyead sjJt:!!.t::~6 cCI/c.tI/qleS"
Wrr as fA f;,;nctrtlh ,pI:
or "/ tlh&:/ iC/,fhl L /-PP'
/i Ked I'Ll tl k dftfllJ t!':ur () r
IF 0"1; T chQl7fes:) 2,Om. !he ..sA.~.Ied ely-ells

n (-&r~er;) / ~ d/cdle ra ngl!'.1 iPf'lPfll'i'/

Vft,g r:. ::: r1
V.46t,. - ;r
li r; M6r~
'- j...
l /f;pf de(Jr~dse /te' ,,:"I:I
~ /. XIOIc:n':2.(~)(~q!3·.rJ t:I;1ISS./tJl?S' rafl£'ft> 0'-'
s '29~ fc,/f Pc.:..1J
belP tV fh~ /I')CO< IIJ/dl Jr'}
::::. /).,P/ fj On 6t. Ti
t;:i II~uJed.
I,e tf,/ % la u,1 <B v-
r-~~ eKtllYlf'k:J CL
CtJnci&l')sr;:f'I' T af ~'1:Z A-'
;;'~.17
Il n ,,-I i~ee 6.1 p r'~J/ J, e,! 41; L..J
ftekr 1:-0 eXtZl'Y7;>/e :Z"/~ ~!?
-r()fa/ rCE tlClIJtJr C'rIJIS'.)/(:1// ,:ale tJf 3,~ M.) l4e /CE.!' t?tlll$$)tJm:
~ tc?.f.(? IS ,J,:< fr "1,7t'l!-/dp,J"
~~ 1r.'lJ
4
PM". 0118 (r) t. ~ I 1?,~.....-I1
,qr , 1 - Ftl'l
--p--
fi, y" ifYi1 r::'C' S' 'J' J r C<-f'-h'r fa
b

the /iJllaW1i1J t.ltir/d"JC'$ a,".::

e>< C/ J?{j> Ie :J. ~ , / "
t! t!{le rldel? fan T"
.3tJ~ f,13
In [ftt') = lIP, Iff,<.1 ~ r_ 45,15"
 "~" __ ' r J _ _ " , ____ ._ ,"'_ , __• ~._. ,
. . . ----~.'-.,-

PROBLEM 26.17 EXCEL SPREADSHEET

MA = 131.4 kg/kgmole
3
R= 0.08206 m atm / kgmole K
2
DAB = 0.088 cm /s
To= 308 K
p= 1.0 atm
D= 2.0 m

TCE Emissions Rate (kG TCE/day)

L(m) 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 2.75 3.00
T(K)
288 1.479 0.740 0.493
289 1.561 0.780 0.520
290 1.646 0.823 0.549 0.412
291 1.736 0.868 0.579 0.434 0.347
292 1.830 0.915 0.610 0.457 0.366
293 1.928 0.964 0.643 0.482 0.386 0.351
294 2.031 1.015 0.677 0.508 0.406 0.369 0.338
295 2.139 1.069 0;713 0.535 0.428 0.389 0.356
296 2.252 1.126 0.751 0.563 0.450 0.409 0.375
297 2.370 1.185 0.790 0.592 0.474 0.431 0.395
298 2.494 1.247 0.831 0.623 0.499 0.453 0.416
299 2.623 1.312 0.874 0.656 0.525 0.477 0.437
300 2.759 1.379 0.920 0.690 0.552 0.502 0.460
301 2.901 1.450 0.967 0.725 0.580 0.527 0.483
302 3.049 1.524 1.016 0.762 0.610 0.554 0.508
303 3.204 1.602 1.068 0.801 0.641 0.583 0.534
304 . 3.367 1.683 1.122 0.842 0.673 0.612 0.561
305 3.536 1.768 1.179 0.884 0.707 0.643 0.589
306 3.714 1.857 1.238 . 0.929. 0.743 0.675 0.619
307 3.900 1.950 1.300 0.975 0.780 0.709 0.650 !;
4.094 2.047
308
---------~------ _... .. 1..
1.365 1.024 0.819 0.744
--_.
0.6~~.. _.1
;:Lc;r /5'
6' 1. == (2 H6 0"'13 C lts ) t
?13
f/(/f of 6" 2 IJS f:; fo Jel /1,18
Mefti / reduc..fiof1 wil16e
11l1/tlenced 6J /lux of~.
re(/,c!,dri["I) !teeds 1 I{m/?.) 6)
(3) v :3 ~" (I)
(jJ...) y 2. t/ 0)

~,,' c D4-d 4[ I f- ;tAoI

cJ 1+- iflts
rf Clvf!q = I m.2.

6-= ,5'"cm ~ d.OS- m

~Ii 0::" O.:L.{)

~fls ~ o.
.Ps; = )...3;2. tkm 3
Ms1' -= .2f~ Of :J/mok
 I

(llfs ::: /vlt.l!b

(I' C Ai:>

NIr ~ ~ C DII"- ..~ [ 1 + '1,1+ 0

o 1+ Wt4'6.
c..t<$
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12;7
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PROBLEM 27.1 EXCEL SPRFADSHEET PART (A)

A- n-octane L- 100.00 an
T- 15.0 "C e- 1.00
DAB- 0.OS73 arr/B«- d- 2.00 an
e2DAB - 0.0S73 arr/-. w- l00.00.an
PA·- 1039 Pa MA- 114.00 kgIkgmo\e
PT- 101300 Pa PA.I! - 0.703 r/an'
cAI - 4.340B-07 grmle{cm' mAl- 14.06 kg

Tlme,tCaec:) 3600.0 7200.0 18000.0 36000.0 S4OOO.0 72000.0

Tillie, i (Ir) 1.0 2.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0
NA(gmote,tm2-sec) 1.063&14 3.222E-12 7.735B-ll 1.838B-I0 2.2S2&10 2.402&1Q
NAca.mz-h) 4.363B-05 1322&02 3.175B-Ol 7.s45B-OI 9.241B-Ol 9.856B-Ol

;
Series Term II = 1 .8.158B-Ol -6.656B-Ol .3.614B-Ol ·1306B-0l -4.720&02 ·1.706B-02
! 2
3
4.430B-Ol
·1.601B-Ol
1.962B-Ol
.2.563&02
1.706B-02
.1.OS2B-04
2.910&04
.1.106B-08
4.964B-06
·1.163B-12
8.467B-08
·1.223B-16
!, 4
5
3.851&02
-6.165B-03
1.483B-03
·3.800B-05
8.467B-08
.8.904B-12
7.169B-15
·7.928B-23
6.070&22
.7.060B-34
5.140B-29
-6.286&45

II 6
7
8
6.569B-04
-4.658B-OS
2.199B-06
4315B-07
·2.170B-09
4.835B-12
1.223B-16
.2.194B-22
5.140B-29
1.496&32
-4.813E-44
2.642&51
1.829B-48
·I.1lS6B-65
13S8B-85
2.237£.64
.2.316&87
6.980B-114

I• 9
10
11
.6.908E-os
1.444B-09
·2.010B-ll
-4.772£.15
2.086&18
-4.040B-22
.1.573£.36
6.286&45
.3.281B-54
·2A74B-72
3.951£.89
·1.077B-I07
·3.891B-I08
2.484B-133
·3.533B-161
-6,12OB-144
1.561B-177
·1.159B-214

I
i
12
13
1.862&13
·1.148&15
3.466&26
.1311B-3O
2.237£.64
.1.992£.75
5.004B-128
·3.967B-lSO
1.119B-191
·7.903B-22S
2.504B-255
·1.574B-299
.i 14
15
4.109B-18
·1.286&20
2.218B-35
·1.654B-40
2.316&81
·3.518B-l00
5366&114
·1.238B-199
1.243B-260
-4.356B.299
o.oOOB..oo
o.oOOB-tOO
I
t
16
11
2.338&23
·2.828B-26
5.464£.46
·1.991B-52
6.98OB-114
.1.808B-128
4.812£.227
·3.211B-256
O.OOOB-tOO
O.OOOB-tOO
O.OOOB-tOO
O.OOOB..oo
18 2.277B-29 5.184B-58 6.12OB-144 3.745B-281 O.OOOB-tOO o.oOOB-tOO
19 ·1220&32 ·1.489£.64 .2.705B-160 O.OOOB-tOO 0.000B-t00 O.OOOB..oo t
Series Term II = 20 ~52&36 1.894B-11 1.561B-177 O.OOOB..oo O.OOOB-tOO • 0.000&+00]

108000.0 126000.0 144000.0 162000.0 . 180000.0 198000.0 216000.0 !

90000.0
25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 SO.O 55.0 60.0·
2.456&10 2.415B-I0 2.482&10 2.485B-I0 2.486&10 2.486£.10 2.486&10 2.486&10
1.016B..oo 1.019B+OO 1.020B..oo l.020B-tOO 1.020B-tOO I.020B-tOO 1.020B-tOO .
1.008B+OO

-6.165B-03 -2.228B-03 ·8.o52B-04 -2.910E-04 -I.052B-04 -3.800B-OS ·1.373B-OS -4.964B-06

1.444B-09 2.464B-11 4.203B-13 7.169B-15 1.223B-16 2.086&18 3.559B-2O 6.070B-22·
.1.286&20 .1352B-24 ·1.422£.28 .1.496&32 .1.573&36 ·1.654B-40 .1.739E-44 -1.s29B-48 ~
4.352£.36 3.685B-43 3.12OB-SO 2.642&51 2.237£.64 1.894B-11 1.604B-18 1358B4s ;
.5.597B-56 -4.984B-67 -4.438B-78 ·3.951B-89 .3.518B-l00 ·3.133B-l11 -2.190&122 -2.484B-I33:
2.736&80 3.346&96 4.092&112 5.004B-128 6.120&144 7.484B-160 9.153B-176 1.119&191
.5.D82&109 .1.115&130 .2.446&152 -5.366&174 .1.177B-195 .2.583B-217 ·5.666&239 -1.243B-260
3.588&142 1.844&170 9.418B-199 4.812&227 2.504B-255 1.287B-283 O.OOOB-tOO o.oOOE+oo
.9.626£.180 -1.514B-215 .2.381&251 .3.745B-281 O.OOOB-tOO O'(lOOEtoo O.OOOB-tOO O.oiJoEt.oo
9.815B-222 6.170&266 O.OOOB-tOO O.OOOB..oo O.OOOB-tOO O.OOOB-tOO O.OOOB-tOO O.OOOB..oo
.3.804B-268 O.OOOB-tOO O.OOOB..oo O.OOOB-tOO O.OOOB-tOO O.OOOB-tOO O.OOOB-tOO 0.000B..00
O.OOOB..oo O.OOOB-tOO O.OOOB-tOO O.OOOB-tOO O.OOOE+oo O.OOOE+oo O.OOOEtOO 0.000B-t00 .
O.OOOB-tOO O.OOOB..oo O.OOOB-tOO O.OOOB-tOO 0.000B-t00 O.OOOB-tOO 0.000B-t00 O.OOOB-i.oo
O.OOOB..oo O.OOOB..oo O.OOOB+OO O.OOOB..oo O.OOOB-tOO O.OOOB-tOO O.OOOB-tOO O.OOOE+oo
O.OOOB-tOO O.OOOB-tOO O.OOOB-tOO O.OOOB..oo O.OOOB-tOO O.DOOB-tOO O.OOOE+oo 0.000'£..00
O.OOOB-tOO O.OOOB..oo O.OOOB..oo O.OOOE..oo O.OOOB..oo O.OOOE..oo O.OOOB-tOO 0.000B-t00 .
O.OOOE..oo O.OOOE..oo O.OOOE+OO O.OOOE..oo O.OOOB-tOO O.OOOE..oo O.OOOEtoo O.OOOEtoo
O.OOOE..oo O.OOOB-tOO O.OOOB+OO O.OOOB-tOO O.OOOE..oo O•.OOOB-tOO O.OOOB-tOO 0.000&+00
O.OOOE..oo O.OOOE..oo O.OOOB-tOO O.OOOB-tOO O.OOOB-tOO O.OOOE..oo O.OOOB-tOO - O.OOOB-tOO I
• O.OOOB-tOO O.OOOE..oo O.OOOE+OO O.OOOB-tOO O.OOOB-tOO O.OOOB-tOO O.OOOB-tOO 0.000B-t00 ,

b·)·/f;~ ~wn-:r-·;ln-::;cf.o,e e~~-..Jft'~· m;;:~-IS

Cln1
f {,I I.
lid /Itt >< .;;1 c:::. L (tJl hI r~.$tp.",,,,,t- ,1;: Orne.'
oJ
.1tf'f1!J'/C'd

<o)t1
61117.f<lr~;ftlr
'-'
Zt;r:l[) f::; (;l..

. -t r0i18L'R t t (-I if #11 ~B 1t:.)7

m/tlt) =: W7A;/i't == fo #tlc. df;:: ~\; :IiL L-Y- -f :J. ~5 t. f/::'/ n:l 'f(:l.V -~ .J

~?£
, i;t!1t? rejtllred !c;r- fl?/j (f) "':/YJrt; ttJt?5 de fenr?lflc,1 t4$/11Jj //1" f~'

Ctw~jJl!litf'r {;pre'odsJec';; (p,,,,,; 13), 5iJt'tl/;.(I'?iI!/J Cl Illne t')e1~ Jt"l/',f,)'C'.'tYj

One! h117 ttJa$ ca/cu/Clfedr the 1~5;t)lv~r' ftl/}cl/£)tl ol1fhe C:tJi'Nrft1kr il

1- ~---.---.--.---~.-~' -
PROBLEM 27.1 BXCEL SPREADSHEET PART B
,i
A= n-octane L= 100.00 em
T= 15.0°C £= 1.00 t,~ 511r5' !;;/ts
2
DAB = 0.0573 em /sec d= 2.00 em
£2 DAB = 0.0573 em /sec
2
W= 100.00 em (basis) i ( Cale t4 (alk! /~ $ 1!111C!t'e'd
PA*= 1039 Pa MA= 114.00 kgIkgmole
.
0.703 g/crn
3
n-oc';(1 f)6' l/t:YH!)' ..5////
PT= 101300 Pa PA,Iiq =
eAa= 4.340B-07 gmoIe/em
3
rnAf= 14.06 kg It Id t{j;,f,1/v[
i'j' ·//;e
. I, .•

t= 4~963B+07 sec u.l.)(} li:,."J /.1 S ;roc k /af/,~/<)

t= 574.5 day
released rnA = 1.233B+02 gmole (basis)
released rnA = 1.406B+Ol kg (basis)
L
_n Tenn Summation % Change
1 -1.013B-Ol -1.013B-01 -_._-_ .. - --,,- ---_._.-.
2 2.533B-02 -7.599B-02 33.33 19 -2.S07B-04 -S.347B-02 0.34
3 -1.126B-02 -S.725B-02 12.90 20 2.533B-04 -S.321B-02 0.30
4 6.333B-03 -S.092B-02 7.S3 21 -U9SB-04 -S.344B-02 0.28
5 -4.053B-03 -S.497B-02 4.77 22 2.093E-04 -S.323E-02 0.25
6 2.S14B-03 -S.21SE-02 3.43 23 -1.915E-04 -S.342B-02 0.23
7 -2.06SE-03 -S.422B-02 2.46 24 1.759B-04 -S.325B-02 0.21
S 1.5S3E-03 -S.264B-02 1.92 25 -1.62IB-04 -S.341B-02 0.19
9 -1.251B-03 -S.389E-02 1.49 26 1.499B-04 -S.326E-02 O.IS
10 1.0 13B-03 -S.28SB-02 1.22 27 -1.390B-04 -S.340B-02 0.17
11 -S.374E-04 -S.371E-02 1.00 2S 1.292E-04 -S.327B-02 0.16
12 7.036E-04 -S.30lE-02 0.S5 29 -1.205E-04 -S.339E-02 0.14
13 -S.995B-04 -S.36lE-02 0.72 30 1.126E-04 -S,328E-02 0.14
14 5.169E-04 -S.309E-02 0.62 31 -1.054E-04 -S.33SE-02 0.13
15 4.503E-04 -S.354B-02 0.54 32 9.S9SE-05 -S.329B-02 0.12
16 3.958E-04 -S.31SE-02 0.48 33 -9.304B-05 -S.338E-02 0.11
17 -3.506B-04 -S.350B-02 0.42 . I 34 S.76SE-05 -S.329B-02 0.11
-----_._ .. IS 3.127B-04 -S.319E-02 0.3S , ,I 35 -S.27lE-OS -8.337B-02
---._-----_. .. _
0.10
 PROBLEM V.3 EXCEL SPREADSHEET

A - benzene (m water solvent "B")

T- 293.0 K 1.00m
M... • 78.00 kgll<gmole 0.05m
OM- 1.00&09 rrf~ w= 1.00m
c.... _ 24.0 gmoIe,b!' 0.0 gmo1e,bl'

t- 2.592H+05 sec
/1 111/ l u i l;;;/M t- 7200 h
C ... & 0.675 gmole,b!'
,'I ~ -'1 i.
Due Iz> ,sfflCl/;
/ I r'/
{J;;t' r'U,s/c// 1(/ \ 1)( If)if ") iI Term Summation % OJange
9.98&02 9.983&02
ClrJd /tJnJ d,.s/Qn~/ /h/6' CL. 3
5
9.85&02
9.59&02
1.983E-Ol
2942&01
49.67
32.59
.5C>ff/I:'- II? hY71 Ie' dl / /JI S fa n 7 9.21&02 3.864E-Ol 23.84
9 8.72E-02 4.736E-Ol 18.42
11 8.15&02 5.551E-Ol 14.68
~J1:. :::;
e) t;-
n ir.
!,//f6 ~
c
@ f:.:[) ) 14 :: CAd =() 13
15
7.50&02
6.79&02
6.300E-Ol
6.979E-Ol
11.90
9.73
dl:2. 17 6.05&02 7.585E-01 7.98
a~:J t~, Cit:; ~s (j) ~::CJ 19 5.30&02 8.115E-Ol 6.S4
21 4.56&02 8.571E-Ol 5.32
Cf'W ~ CA~ "" /) 23
2S
3.84&02
3.15&02
8.955E-Ol
9.VOE-Ol
4.29
3.40
V 2.52E-02 9.522&01 265
29 1.95&02 9.717E-01 201

~7,3
31 1.44&02 9.862&01 1.46
33 1.00&02 9.962&01 1.01
z.::. 6"cm::- c::? cPS J11
S.,...
35
37
6.36E-03
3.35E-03
1.0038+00
1.006B+00
0.63
0.33
t =: 72. h;p" ::: ~,,$"'/ '!< /0 .s 39
41
9.686-04
-8.32&04
1.0078+00
1.006B+00
0.10
0.08
43 -212&03 1.0048+00 0.21
o.o5m 45 -2.97E-03 1.0018+00 0.30

'2 i(/,/: ~-v", ~1J.,5f :'/~fG-

47 c3.45E-03 9.975E-01 0.35
49 -3.63E-03 9.939E-01 0.37
s 51 -3.60E-03 9-903E-01 0.36
53 -3.4OE-03 9.869E-01 0.34
::: /,0'53 55 -3.09E-03 9.838E-01 0.31
0.28
57 -272&03 9.811E-01
erf Up);. eyf{I,?'5"3) -; OJ '11,)" 59
61
.2.32&03
-1.93E-03
9.788E-Ol
9.768E-01
0.24
0.20
63 -1.55E-03 9.753E-01 . 0.16

{Its -Cit ::: ;Z1- Y1 ~ (/.. Cf1t2....· 65 -1.21E-03 9.741E-01 0.12

67 -9.186-04 9.731E-01 0.09
-6.686-04 9.72SE-01 0.07
('lis -L,4 :2.1-tJ 69
-4.636-04 9.72OE-Ol 0.05
71
C .=- cJ, £ 15' m,j/e,j,yJo 73
75
-3.02&04
-1.786-04
9.717E-01
9.715E-01
0.03
.0.02
~ ~-==---.:
77 -8.71E-05 9.714E-Ol 0.01
79 -234E-05 9.714E-01 0.00
J) ;::bY' fir/I fe 6/)t(l1~dhJ c!dl1 rJ;-i/dt)s.; 81
83
1.86E-05
4.37E-05
9.714E-Ol
9.715E-Ol
0.00
0.00
0.01
J-~ le
85 5.64E-05 9.715E-Ol
() nf?-,/;m ef7•.<)lollt;? ./
I tlll<;< Pticlr- 5 87 6.04E-OS 9.716E-Ol 0.01
v 89 5.86E-OS 9.717E-Ol O.ol
CO r1tt!C' )71f"'4 ,1;£)/; rfJrLl/;k hI" /;JeI'7.;f("7F1cf 91
93
5.33E-OS
4.62&05
9.717E-01
9.718E-01
0.01
0.00

dI5StJ/I/'C"/ III (j}llfr:-r-s't1 ft1t C'lled .5cti/ /.$ 95 3.86E-05 9.718E-Ol 0.00
97 3.11E-05 9.718E-Ol 0.00
99 243E-OS 9.719E-Ol 0.00
jli/eh bj/ 101 1.84E-05 9.719E-Ol 0.00
2. "J, 4-
ell-CAS _
..0
1- ~ .LSinlr11t'~'e
- n~~OA-8 -t4/' :4

-trLh LI-/
CR t) - 'its Y/-I

tvhere "'X1:::'l::....::::
')...
/m

A Cit::: /. 00/llm 3 fiJ i£':;:- XI

Iff 1/,15 (JtJ'l'7l; a/I /he 5"/l/1 /5
c!tJnftlmlnaftJd bect1t1.5("J' (,b11116e dl
tji

In I i1) 1"I''I/.IIrA., /I /IScJtJer/VY}~ Ilt);1 ttJ.as

u~r?J ~f1 aitdc/;ed t'prn(JtI/t!Y' sJJt'~(Jd-
n Tenn Summation % Olange :
..5h~e t j l:.lfI'l~ thi/lle J'pt!'.5'st!d
1 1. 17E-01 1. 168E-01
I Ie r t!7 f; /.Ie 1'1 ct n 1-/) C'tl::: j,().h ttl:e::. XI"
./ 1+1 3 3 6.79E-02 1. 847E-0 1 36.7
5 3. 18E-02 2. 164E-01 14.7
A~ benl;tf'ne (,n wa/-t'f"'.J'tJ/ven.f 8) 7 1. 65E-02 2. 330E-O1 7.1
r= ~93 1<' XI:::' ~ ;:: /1~tJft1
11
9 1.00E-02 2.430E-Ol 4.1
MA-" 1 !,~ al? fYI~/e' ~.:::; IdJM
13
6.70E-03
4.80E-03
2.497E-01
2.545E-01
2.7
1.9
il"'" /x/~~rm"/$
O,..~ w::
Cill
Id) frl 1,/"3
C>. tJ gl1'l()Je/rYl 15 3.60E-03 2.581E-01 1.4 :
c,q~::: ;2f,~ !m~/~/IYI']
A o:f!

"<1 17 2.80E-03 2.609E-01 1.1

19 2.25E-03 2.631E-01 0.9

~
n Tenn Summation % Olange 21 1. 84E-03 2.650E-01 0.7
1 1.16E+OO 1.160E+OO 23 1.53E-03 2.665E-01 0.6
3 -1.84E-Ol 9.763E-Ol
j
18.8 : 25 1.30E-03 2.678E-01 0.5
5 2.50E-02 1.001E+OO 2.5 27 1. llE-03 2.689E-01 0.4 :
7 -1.92E-03 9.994E-Ol 0.2 29 9.64E-04 2. 699B-01 0.4
9 7.67E-05 9.995E-Ol 0.0 31 8.43E-04 2.707E-01 0.3
11 -1.53E-06 9.995E-Ol 0.0 33 7.44E-04 2.715E-01 0.3
13 1.50E-08 Q.995E-Ol 0.0 35 6. 62E-04 2.721E-01 0.2
15 -7. 19E;.11 9.995E-01 0.0 37 5.92E~ 2.727E-01 0.2
17 1. 67E-13 9.995E-01 0.0 , 39 5.33E-04 2.733E-01 0.2
19 -1.86E-16 9.995E-01 0.0 41 4. 82E-04 2.737E-01 0.2
21 1.00E-19 9.995E-01 0.0 43 4.38E~ 2.742E-01 0.2
23 -2.59E-23 9.995E-01 0.0 45 4.00E-04 2.746E-Ol 0.1
25 3.21E-27 9.995E-01 0.0 47 3.67E-04 2.749B-01 0.1
-~'-'--- -----.....:..........--.---.-----~--

49 3.38E-04 2.753E-01 0.1

f(e~u/red t ;: :. 43s: 5: da,!f..s 51 3.12E-04 2~756E-01 0.1
7
Itt t:::. 6. to 'I. /0 s -:.. ~/O Ve..ar'$)
mI'l .::;:..5 I ~ ,!i.ttl frJ ,::

').41
 I:/. I g
f ("-1 tCS) dJ eY'fctP)
CAl>':= I K /0 tihJl11S/ CWJ Ih Y' 3~()tJ2.551 0,99904 I
CIfG ::: :<. X JO~/ Cl.f~ms /CmJ /.7J tPI13 /.? 0, <Ii91
t: .:. / At" :=. 36c:Jtl 6 17 7fl:L /1 " 0,91'3
-1
Z~ {)...Jr1JeY'c:JI'')$: j.l<ltJ em fJ-L 10,; 7,,64 J,4- 0,95),3
Dl9-d =5x /tJ- cm%
13 f5f 1~(t1 I,l 0/1103 I
5' ~ 0~~J /,0 0.1+:<'1
,0 ;u ~~O 0, 9(,~:<' 0. !:.fp ;;.,

o. 911r = erf ((fq'15 )

2 i
I

,i ::' cP:= ;2,R

7-.tDAfJ 1;

Z: = 5.''' JSx IO-13~2-#~)

:::: 3. 9[P0 )(, /~-t; it;)
;2l7
t(hr' Z: UYI t r lCtnJ Z iJ.Y7f:.f (h1tcrOf1s)

/ 36tJ(J :)./34,7\/-;1 ~tJ1~

-1
2- 7200 3, ~~() x I~ 3;-;6
3 lC!;i~/) f'//~>t I~: 4;IJ~
4 11j11JIJ 4.75)( ItJ 4,7,j
5 I ~OtJ(} 5:3/ 'J./o-1- ~11
5:g~ y. J()
-1 s,r.2
t, ")~(p~~

cp == 111.4:11
Vt;'(£l
 6) eNS;:::' ~,O x /O:W a/oms Icm 3
Clio':: I. x IC/~ aftll1'ls I em]
C,q.;::' / x 10 Ig QhJlJ1slcm~
if: := :z 'I- 1(;-"'clYJ

erf(cP)~ O,9?5" J cp:::';(rO

"
-f
2, ():. C .:::. :t."j. ItJ tfY1
.l ~D~1; ;z.i ~ /tf IrC,;-{t
S-
a :.
70, 71 J ,) 1: -= 5tJ()/J .s

-4
Omtkln f PIn wal'er @ Jx/ocm

!!!fl ~ c-L~~
Si!-
v;i~If~
=:...1.:
:2 ~ (0 4~m
F i~~~--:":i"""k-;xt-65-'""-!J~) ><
qr oS --

)(. (Q,)( l()i~(JIIfJJ..s)

tJm 3
=5.~4:lx. If) '~fplYIslcfl)3
ii!rt =- rflIIIv
!!!.!J. -I- m5 ;
V V
_ S; 61~ x 10 J9af-tJfns(.3tJ.17 fJ- \
CI1)3 irfomJ
---I--=- - ...
(~k1:< l( to ;X3t1,'17) +(f),xitlt;ll.07)
- /'~4 x 10- 3
 ::27,/()
011'/14,)/113 hm cJl7e .;a~e
t ;:::./Ohr
,
= J'tj Of}{}s

, /)J/rt>'= o.
UJrr s os a0 I
as t ~/fXl.l Cft t',4$ q'1d mA~PlAf
'1:.(' ~ (.;'hlcKYie~s):r 2. (0.5' mICf'df1)
-''')0-

=
1 n1lcr()y1 =- I ~ ItJ"' CI'J?
4
fnlrf -:;:::. C,4.$ y7lf(S-:: 0.110 "'3 Cd,
VAS::::' /,5";< /~-13Cm2~
... / g , ft; I-q! tim"tthl aJ fraf1.5 it:rrc!)
X -::: 'Dl1e! ~ (I,5')f./()crrfI;.XJiP,}o.!S):::0,51
1, (I )(: IO-4cm)~
Info 3el bead
-/:
mA (1;) :::. J \NACt)d-l:
h1 ..: IJ
n a, 5" o 6 Q/) I ( - ~6n ~rr7:/{(it)
r;.
=:: mAf -.z.l n;.
11' n=-I
I-e
.'
i (n: 4); OIP..1} 'Ita,;):' 0,2.1 I: I. .fJ- .1-
Z- -
Y(VI :r') :::. (}/~:4 Qt/r
n;t.J
(/1 - ,
"

W,4s -tUff ::::. 0. 21 .::: /J,()/-tVA /_ m~l.£:);:. f. ~ ~ eDItBn27t~k2.

WftS-i'Ilfio 0.01 -tJ rtJlI f
.,.
/.., n ~
11':tn:::;1
tJllt -==- '" r;, x. /P-
3
) 0, 7 ~% .YUl'Ylmaflcn ca/ctlkhons
are i I vel? in ctJl"rlptltr!3 r
:J-J,II spY'ead shee t:.
3
--CAs'::: tlt / fYJeJ/e/m
n· Term Sununation % Change
K4ts;:' /5/;{eJ, I) ~ e 3
Cit;::: /b mtJ/ /m 1 1.03E·OI 1.031E-Ol
.93.9 '
CAD ~O (a~~~~d) 2 2.80E-05 1. 678E+OO
3 l.44E-lO 1.678E+OO 0.0
fZ :::: 0, 'J.,5' em
4 9.88E-18 1.781E+OO 5.8 i
,oI7B':: -:L)( !{[{, em %- 5 8.I8E.;27 1.?81E+OO _ _ _Q~O 1
'-.~~-~

Cf\~ - ~ _ 1!:::..!2;::: £1.20

t~-Cfh?- /5 t -:: 7J.O()s :; d.. ... Ohr

n::.. () a ' / - m(? (t) == o,{) {':5

y'}1 :;:: 0 ...:../:j!}_t - (;, ;).,:2. mflf
, 1<2 -
a~2;), r<..:t l.to< ' )~ m;4 ,;:: (), 10:3 t~!l2l
{ .....
Q
__,_. J ::: 0,:2,2, (o•.!t ,;; ,(! fI'1 ;;;. b 9(}/J s

',4e
----;.-(i----T~-
~. >(to (:»11S - -
-
CA :;:::;. is'JS It'il/emil
_=--~~7!":;~.~=_~_,!:,:,!":::'=::::--=:,:,".....
 ,
iTime, t (s) 0.0 72 180 360 720 1800 3600
ITime, t (h) 0.0 0.020 0.05 0.10 0.20 0.50 1.00
W A (gmo1e/sec) 1.0 1.0lE-09 6.06E-10 4.0lE-10 2.56&10 1.27E-1O 6.25E-11
W A (J.unol/h) 0.0 3.65E+OO 2.18E+00 1.44E+OO 9.22E-01 4.58E-01 2.25E-01
I

; Series Term n = 1 9.78E-Ol 9.45E-01 8.93E-01 7.97E-01 5.66E-01 3.21E-01

2 9.13E-01 7.97E-Ot 6.35E-01 4.03E-01 1.03E-01 1.06E-02
3 8.15E-01 6.00E-01 3.59E-01 1.29E-01 6.00E-03 3.60E-05
4 6.95E-01 4.03E-01 1.62E-01 2.63E-02 1.12E-04 1.26E-08
5 5.66E-01 2.41E-01 5.83E-02 3.40E-03 6.73E-07 4.52E-13
6 4.41E-01 1.29E-01 1.67E-02 2.78E-04 1.29E-09 1.67E-18
7
8
3.28E-01
2. 33E-01
6. 17E-02
2.63E-02
3.81E-03
6.91E-04
. 1.45E-05
4.78E-07
7.99E-13
1.58E-16
6.38E-25
2.50E-32
I
9 1.59E-01 1.00E-02 1.00E-04 I.00E-08 1.00E-20 1.01E-40
! 10 1.03E-01 3.40E-03 1.15E-05 1.33E-10 2.05E-25 4. 18E-50
11 6.38E-02 1.03E-03 1.06E-06 1.12E-12 1.34E-30 1.79E-60
12 3.78E-02 2.78E-04 7.75E-08 6.01E-15 2.80E-36 7.86&72
13 2. 14E-02 6.72E-05 4.52E-09 2.04E-17 1.88E-42 3.55E-84
14 1.16E-02 1.45E-05 2.10E-10 4.40E-20 4.07E-49 1.65E-97
15 6.00E-03 2.79E-06 7.76&12 6.02E-23 2.81E-56 7.92&112
16 2.96E-03 4.78E-07 2.29E-13 5.23E-26 6.25E-64 3.90E-127 '
17 1.40E-03 7. 33E-08 5.37E-15 2.88E-29 4.45E-72 1.98E-143
18 6.31E-04 1.00E-08 I.00E-16 1.01E-32 1.02E-80 1.03E-160
19 2.72E-04 1.22E-09 1.49E-18 .' 2.23E-36 7.45E-90 5.55E-179
i Series Term n = 20 1.12E-04 1.33E-I0 1.77E-20 I. 3. 14E-40 1.75E-99
_._------ 3.07E-198
5400 7200
1.50 2.00
:27.13 ' / ' / ' l.
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1.24E-01 6.99E-02
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1.82E-01 1.03E-01 -418 n~rr ').-1:/1<. ~
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1.09E-03 1.12E-04 W!',{t,)';;; ('fiCAs ~e ~I e

2.16&07 1.29E-09
1.41E-12 1.58E-16 ' ::;er/ es 5"d/J1mof/CJI1 CP/CLl/t:1 //t'J/)S
3.04E-19 2.05E-25
2. 17E-27 2.80E-36 (.if r& il ven ;'n above f u1e V'
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3.95E-48 6.25E-64
sf! relld.s /) eel:.
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2.39E-90 3.19E-120, ve r:l /tJw,j Ir) ella c:r/-/rJ£ l)ul'll);e.
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6.70E-126
6.17E-143:
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2.23E-167 6.27E-223 Ii
2.44E-190 1.52E-253
8.81E-215 3.92E-286 II
1.05E-240 O.OOE+OO I
4.13E-268
5. 37E-297
O.OOE+OO
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kif kG h '/fl..t.
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3/15;<./tJ t, (Jfo;l../tf2. A'el. cj, /J/'Ob ====
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fir 6- - tPtt-*
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4
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n'1:4,S m ".5· f~
"3
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ifl,1J...:= 201 ptJ....

CAi .:.:

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rfhfr - (J~ ;:; 0,1 (ffi&--- !rtj

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kJ Im)!e m3
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