Agency Art. 1868 11. Westmont Investment Corp. v. Francis, Jr., 661 SCRA 787 (2011). 2. Nielson & Co., Inc. v. Lepanto Consolidated Mining Company, G.R. No. L-21601, December 28, 1968 3. Tan v. Gullas, 393 SCRA 334 (2002) 4, Spouses Viloria v. Continental Airlines, 663 SCRA 57 (2012) 5, Amon Trading Corp. v. CA, 477 SCRA 552 (2005) 6. Orient Air Services & Hotel Representatives vs. Court of Appeals, 197 SCRA 645 7. Victorias Milling Co.., Inc. v. CA, 333 SCRA 663 (2000) Art, 1869 8, Lim v. Court of Appeals, 254 SCRA 170 (1996) 9, Linan v. Puno, 31 Phil. 259 (1915) 10. Conde v. CA, GR. No. L-40242, December 15, 1982 11, Oliver v. Philippine Savings Bank, 788 SCRA 189 (2016) Art. 1870 - 1872 12. Jusayan v. Sombilla, 746 SCRA 437 (2015) ae Art, 1873 a 13. Yun Kwan Byung v. PAGCOR, 608 SCRA 107 (2009) \ Art. 1874 \ 14. Dizon v. CA, 302 SCRA 288 (1999) Art. 1875 - 187615, Siasat v. IAC, 139 SCRA 238 (1985) ‘Axt.1877 eae 16, Bautista-Spille v. NICORP Management and Dev. Corp., 773 SCRA 67 (2015) 17. Yu Chuck v. “Kong Li Po,” 46 Phil. 608 (1924) 18, Aggabao v. Parulan Jr., 629 SCRA 562 (2010) 19. Dominion Insurance Corp. v. Court of Appeals, 376 SCRA 239 (2002) Art. 1878 20, Patrimonio v. Gutierrez, 724 SCRA 636 (2014) 21, Insular Drug v. PNB, 58 Phil. 684 (1933) 22. Yasuma v. HeirsofCecilio S, De Villa, 499 SCRA 466 (2006) 23, Villa v. Garcia Bosque, 49 Phil 126 (1926) 24. Shopper's Paradise Realty v.Roque, 419 SCRA 98 (2004) 25, Director v. Sing Juco, 58 Phil 205 (1929) 26, Pineda v. CA, 226 SCRA 754 (1993) Art. 1879 27. Gozun v. Mercado 511 SCRA 305 (2006) 28. PNB v. Sta, Maria, 29 SCRA 303 (1969) Art. 1880-1881 29, Pacific Rehouse Corp. v. EIB Securities, Inc., 633 SCRA 214 (2010) Art. 1881 30. Bay View Hotel v. Ker & Co,, 116 SCRA 327 (1982)31. Germann v. Donaldson, 1 Phil 63 (1901) 32. Home Insurance Co. v. United Shipping Lines, 21 SCRA 863 (1967) Art. 1883 33, Lim Tiu v. Ruiz & Rementeria, 15 Phil. 367(1910) 34, Marimperio Cia. Naviera, S.A. v.CA, 156 SCRA 368 (1987) 38, Jimenez v. Rabot, 38 Phil. 378 (1918) 36. NFA v. IAG, 184 SCRA 166 (1990) 37. Rural Bank of Bombon v. CA, G.R. No. 95703, August 3, 1992 (212 SCRA 25) 38, Macke v. Camps, 7 Phil 553 (1907) 39, German & Co. v. Donaldson, Sim & Co, 1 Phil. 63 40, Caballero v. Deiparine, G.R. No. L-39059, September 30, 1974 41. PNB v. Sta. Maria, G.R, No. L-24765, August 29, 1969 42, BA Finance Corp. v. Court of Appeals, 211 SCRA 112 43, Director of Public Works vs. Sing Juco, 53 Phil. 205 44, Philippine Sugar Estates Development Co,, v. Poizat, 48 Phil. 536 45. Commercial Bank & Trust Co. of the Phil. v. Republic Armored Car Service Corp., 9SCRA142 46, Lim Tiu v. Ruiz y Rementeria, 15 Phil. 367 47. Phil. National Bank vs. Agudelo y Gonzaga, 58 Phil. 635 48, Olaguer v, Purugganan, Jr., GR 158907, 12 February 2007 49, Syjuco and Viardo v. Syjuco, 40 Phil. 634 Art, 188450. Bank of PI. v. Laingo, 787 SCRA 541 (2016) 51. British Airways v. CA, GR 121824, 29 January 1998 52. Phil. National Bank v. Welsh Fairchild, 44 Phil 780 (1923) 53, BA Finance v. CA, 201 SCRA 157 (1991) Art. 1885-1887 55, PNB v. Manila Surety, G.R. No. L-20567, July 30, 1965 (14 SCRA 776) Art. 1888-1889 56. Cadwallader v. Smith Bell, 7 Phil. 461 (1907) 57. Cosmic Lumber v. Court of Appeals, 265 SCRA 168 (1996) 58. Barton v. Leyte Asphalt, 46 Phil 938 (1924) 59. Hernandez v. Hernandez, 645 SCRA 24 (2011) Art. 1890-1891 60. Domingo v. Domingo, G.R. No. L-30573 October 29, 1971 (42 SCRA 131) 61, Ojinaga v. Estate of Perez, 9 Phil 185 (1907) 62. Sazon v, Vasquez-Menancio, 666 SCRA 707 (2012) 63. Guzman v. Court of Appeals, 99 Phil. 703 (1956) Art. 1892 64, Int'l Films (China) v. Lyric Film, 63 Phil. 778 (1936) 65, Serona v. Court of Appeals, 392 SCRA 35 (2002) 66, Baltazar v. Ombudsman 510 SCRA 74 (2006) 67. Escueta v. Lim, 512 SCRA 411 (2007) Art, 189368. Del Rosario v. La Badenia, 33 Phil. 316 (1916) Act, 1894 ~69. Municipal Council of Iloilo v. Evangelista, 55 Phil. 290 (1930) Art, 1895-1896 70. Mendezonna v. Vda. De Goitia, 54 Phil 557 (1930) 71. DeBorja v. De Borja, 58 Phil 811 (1933) Art. 1897 72. Smith Bell v. Court of Appeals, 267 SCRA 530 (1997) 73. Chemphil Export v. Court of Appeals, 251 SCRA 217 (1998) 74, Angeles v. PNR, 500 SCRA 444 (2006) 75. Burotech Industrial Technologies, Inc. v. Cuizon, 521 SCRA 584 (2007) 76. Tuason v. Orozco, 5 Phil 596 (1906) 77. Phil. Products Co. v. Primateria Society Anonyme, 15 SCRA 301 (1965) 78. Pineda v. Court of Appeals, 226 SCRA 754 (1993) 79. DBP v. Court of Appeals, 231 SCRA 370 (1994) Art. 1898 80. Cason v. Rickards, 5 Phil 639 (1906) 81. Zayco v. Serra, 49 Phil 985 (1925) 82. Cervantes v. Court of Appeals, 304 SCRA 25 (1999) 83, Borja, Sr. v. Sulyap, Inc, 399 SCRA 601 (2003)84, Albert v. University Publishing Co., Inc., G.R. No. L-19118, January 30, 1965 (13 SCRA 84) Art. 1890-1900 85, Eugenio v. CA, G.R. No. 103737 December 15, 1994, (239 SCRA 207) 86, Salvador v. Rabeja, 749 SCRA 654 (2015) 87. Manila Memorial Park Cemetery v. Linsangan, 443 SCRA 377 (2004) Art. 1901 88. Commissioner of Public Highways v. San Diego, 31 SCRA 617 (1970) Art.1902 89, NAPOCOR v. NAMARCO, 117 SCRA 789, 800 (1982) Art.1903 90, Austria v. Court of Appeals, 39 SCRA 527 (1971) Art. 1904-1905, 91 Green Valley Poultry v. IAC (G.R. No. L-49395 December 26, 1984), 133 SCRA 697 Art. 1906-1909 92. Metrobank v. Court of Appeals, 194 SCRA 169 (1991) 93, Lim Chai Seng v. Trinidad, 41 Phil. 544 (1921) 94, Pleasantville Dev. v. Court of Appeals, 253 SCRA 10 (1996) 95. MBTC v. CA, G.R, No. 88866, February 18, 1991 (194 SCRA 169) Art. 1910 96. Country Bankers Insurance v Keppel Cebu Shipyard, 673 SCRA 427 (2012) 97. Bacaltos Coal Mines v. CA, G.R. No. 114091 June 29, 1995 (245 SCRA 460)Art. 1911 98, Filipinas Life Assurance Co. v. Pedroso, 543 SCRA 542 (2008) 99, Professional Services, Inc. v. CA, 544 SCRA 170 (2008); 611 SCRA 282 (2010) 100. Banate v. Philippine Countryside Rural Bank, 625 SCRA 21 (2010) 101. Manila Remnants v. Court of Appeals, 191 SCRA 622 (1990) 102. Litonjua, Jr. v. Eternit Corp., 490 SCRA 204 (2006) Ant. 1912-1918 103. Hahn v. Court of Appeals, 266 SCRA 537 (1997) 104, Tuason v. Orozco, 5 Phil 596 (1906) 105. Gonzales v. Harberer, 47 Phil 380 (1925) 106, Filipinas Life Assurance Co. v. Pedroso, 543 SCRA 542 (2008) 107. Wise and Co. v. Tanglao, 63 Phil 372 (1936) 108. Lopez v. Alvendia, 12 SCRA 634 (1964) 109. PNB v. Bagamaspad, 89 Phil 365 (1951) 110. Blondeau v, Nano, 61 Phil 625 (1935) 111, Pahud v. CA, 597 SCRA 13, (2009) 112, Prudential Bank vs. Court of Appeals 223 SCRA 350 113. Municipal Council of Hoilo vs. Evangelista, 55 Phil. 290, GR L-32977 114, Rural Bank of Milaor v. Ocfemia, 325 SCRA 99 (2000) 115, Francisco v. GSIS, 7 SCRA 577 (1963) 116. Dy Peh v. CIR, 28 SCRA 216 (1969)117. Ortigas v. Lufthansa German Airlines, 64 SCRA 610 (1975) 118, Cuison vs. Court of Appeals, 227 SCRA 391 119. Vicente v. Geraldez, 52 SCRA 210 (1973) Art.1919 120. Dafion v. Brimo, 42 Phil 133 (1921) 121, Phil. National Bank v. IAC, 189 SCRA 680 (1990) 122, Dialosa v. Court of Appeals, 130 SCRA 350 (1984) 123. Active Realty and Development Corp. vs. Fernanded, G.R. No. 157186; October 19, 2007 124, Barreto v. Santa Marina, 26 Phil 440 (1914) Art. 1920 125. Valenzuela v. CA, 191 SCRA 1 (1990) Aut. 1921 126, Rallos v. Yangco, 20 Phil 269 (1911) 127, Lustan v. Court of Appeals, 266 SCRA 663 (1997) 128. Cia. Gen. De Tobacos v. Diaba, 20 Phil 321 (1911) Art, 1922 129, Rammani v. Court of Appeals, 196 SCRA 731 (1991) Art. 1923 130. Aznar v. Morris, 3 Phil. 636 (1904) 131, Garcia v. De Manzano, 39 Phil 577 (1919)Art. 1924 132. New Manila Lumber Co,, Inc. v. Republic, 107 Phil 824 (1960) 133. Infante v. Cunanan, 93 Phil 698 (1953) 134, Guardex v, NLRC, 191 SCRA 487 (1990) 135, Bitte v. Jonas, 777 SCRA 489 (2015) Art. 1925-1926 136. DyBuncio and Co. v. Ong Guan Ca, 60 Phil 696 (1934) Art. 1927 137. Republic v. Evangelista, 466 SCRA 544 (2005) 138. Sevilla v. Court of Appeals/160 SCRA 171 (1988) 139. National Sugar Trading v. PNB, 396 SCRA 528 (2003) 140. Ching v. Bantolo, 687 SCRA 134 (2012) 141. Lim v. Saban, 447 SCRA 232 (2004) 142. Republic v. Evangelista, 466 SCRA 544 Art, 1928-1929 143. Dela Pena v. Hidalgo, 16 Phil 450 (1910) 144, Valera v. Velasco, 51 Phil 695 (1928) Art. 1930 145, Perez v. PNB, 17 SCRA 833 (1966) 146, Sasaba v. Vda. De Te, 594 SCRA 410 (2009) 147. Pasno v. Ravina 54 Phil 378 (1930)Art. 1931 148, Bauson v. Panuyas, 105 Phil 795 (1959) 149, Terrado v. Court of Appeals, 131 SCRA 373 (1984) Art. 1932 150, Dialosa v. CA, 130 SCRA 350 (1984) 151, Bacaling v. Muya, 380 SCRA 714 (2002) 152. Lavina v. CA, 171 SCRA 691 (1988)