a right belonging completely and unconditionally to a person as

Vested rights - :
a property interest which cannot be impaired or taken away (as through
retroactive legislation) without the consent of the owner

An infringement is a minor offense that involves

breaking a rule or a law. If your sister takes a chapter
from your book and publishes it as her own, you could
sue her for copyright infringement.
discretionary
1: left to individual choice or judgment : exercised at one's
own discretiondiscretionary powers