A POSITION PAPER IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE

REQUIREMENT FOR COLLEGE ACADEMIC SKILLS IN ENGLISH

THE EFFECTS OF PLASTICS GLOBALLY AND

IN THE PHILIPPINE MARINE ENVIRONMENT
THE EFFECTS OF PLASTICS GLOBALLY AND IN THE PHILIPPINE MARINE ENVIRONMENT

DESPITE OF PLASTICS’ USEFUL USAGE TO HUMANITY, THE SURGE IN USING AND

PRODUCING PLASTICS BECAME AN ALARMING CONCERN IN MANY ASPECTS THAT CAN
BE FELT TODAY, ESPECIALLY IN THE MARINE WILDLIFE. IT SUPPORTS THE FACT THAT
NOT ONLY OUR ENVIRONMENT AND US, HUMANS, HAVE BEEN BEING SEVERELY
AFFECTED BY PLASTIC POLLUTION, IT ALSO CAN HAVE A BIG IMPACT IN OUR LAND AND
MARINE ANIMALS. WE MUST THEREFORE SEE AND ADDRESS THE PROBLEM BY
KNOWING ITS EFFECTS/CONSEQUENCES TO OUR MARINE ENVIRONMENT GLOBALLY
AND LOCALLY AND FIND ALTERNATIVES TO REDUCE PLASTIC WASTE.

Thesis Statement
THE EFFECTS OF PLASTICS GLOBALLY AND IN THE PHILIPPINE MARINE ENVIRONMENT

OPPOSING • REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

▸ GODE, P. R. (2017). “Plastic that could be crafted into a
variety of shapes and made to imitate natural substances like
tortoiseshell, horn, linen, and ivory” History.

▸ RAYNAUD, J. (2014). “Plastic packaging keeps food fresh

and safe for human consumption and prevents food waste.
Wide range of medical applications — pharmaceuticals and
manufacturing healthcare equipment.. In addition, the plastic
industry makes an important contribution to employment. “

▸ ROGERS, H. (2010). “For capitalism to continue to grow – as

it must – consumers are obliged to keep buying, which
means they are destined to throw ever more materials into
the trash pile.”

▸ TODD, P. A., ONG, X., & CHOU, L. M. (2010). “All are

presently major concerns in Southeast Asia and there is little
indication that the situation is improving.”
THE EFFECTS OF PLASTICS GLOBALLY AND IN THE PHILIPPINE MARINE ENVIRONMENT

SUPPORTING • REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

‣ JAMBECK , J., GEYER , R., WILCOX, C., and SIEGLER, T.
(2015). and HOORNWEG, D., & BHADA-TATA, P. (2012).
and WORM, B. (2015). “The plastic debris were about to
be doubled by 2025”

LI, W. C., TSE, H. F., & FOK, L. (2016) and GODE, P. R.

(2017).“The 5 Gyres paper was preceded in July 2014
by a similar study suggesting that between 7,000 and
35,000 tons of plastics are floating on the ocean’s
surface

‣ BARNES, D., WALTERS, A., & GONCALVES, L. (2010). “Macro-plastic entanglement; The presence in the
marine environment presents an aesthetic issue, with economic repercussions for the tourist
industry, a hazard for numerous marine-industries.”

‣ MATTHEW COLE, P. L. (2011) • WORM, B., LOTZE, H., JUBINVILLE, I., WILCOX, C., & JAMBECK, J. (2017);
WILCOX, C. (2016); SELTENRICH, N. (2015) “Ingestion of microplastics — these animals might have
ingested microplastics voluntarily, which they confuse for their prey.“

‣ MOORE, C. (2019) “Effect on our terrestrial animals – feed on waste dumps”

 THE EFFECTS OF PLASTICS GLOBALLY AND IN THE PHILIPPINE MARINE ENVIRONMENT

SUPPORTING • REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

‣ NWAOGU, C. (2018) “Zero Waste philosophy”
‣ GIBBENS, S. (2018); GODE, P. R. (2017) “Bioplastics as the forefront of diverse efforts to
think about plastic from a long-term, sustainable perspective.”
‣ UNEP. (2018); NAGURAN, M. (2018) “Single used plastics are in the Philippines; why we
have been one of the most contributing country in plastic pollution in the world.“

‣ “PAUL, J. G. (2012); WYNNE, A. L. (2018) “LGU to develop new

WMC with integrated landfill; Waste picking as their source
of livelihood. “

‣ DICKELLA GAMARALALAGE JAGATH PREMAKUMARA, A. M.

(2014) • WYNNE (2018) • HEZRI, A. A. (2010); LI, W. C., TSE, H.
F., & FOK, L. (2016) “(RA) No. 9003, or the Ecological Solid
Waste Management Act of 2000“ • “3Rs - Reduce. Reuse.
Recycle.““
THE EFFECTS OF PLASTICS GLOBALLY AND IN THE PHILIPPINE MARINE ENVIRONMENT

Based on the articles that were included, the idea of plastics is truly
helpful to humanity, but the consequences outweigh the benefits. As
plastic pollution around the globe continue its bad effect to every existing
organism, and my stand on this is that: we must be knowledgeable on
both sides of the issue and on the ways that we can do in order to lessen
this prevalent plastic pollution.
For the toxicity of plastics might also get to us through the ingestion of
marine fishes to our own stomachs, and the destruction of our own planet
before its too late.
After studying these articles, what I can recommend to everyone of us
is to: have a zero-waste lifestyle, the usage of eco-bricks & bioplastics,
and strong law enforcement on SWM, or 3Rs and on banning of single-
used plastics.
CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATIONS
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