UNIT — ZL, ZNTROOUCTION eS Tarbrduetion The gec4eration and ConSureption of elechicaf enengy | hat been Increasing at a -taemendous vate —tfercughout he | wostd dering the past mony decades The intresting need of omitting PO in graxtet amounts Jeol to a Continucus Inerede fn the tansmissin vasoges. AS per the current termfnolgy > Vottoget tess shan 300KV ane teimed 05 High voltages Vostoge? berween 300 to 465 KV ane teraned enka High votoge LF SOm vestages greatet. than F6SKV ave termed as eC High vostoge. Syllabus, Entwoduction: ntecesstty of EHV AC -bemseission — achentagss ond problems — power banding Capacity and Line Losses - mechanic! considerations — sesistance of corolutoss — propatia of bimdied Cerdluctes — bimdle spacing ond! birdie sadius~ Examples. Line and und reache patameters ¢ Line Tratuectomce and Capacitance — Sequinte Induct ances omd Capacrkm(es - modet of poopagation - greumd wean — Examples.5) Necessty of EHV AC Transmission SO Transmission » due +o the Fotnowirg Teasons, I aD , . o ) Dreseare fn Size OF Generating cnfes Penne The necessity of Ertvac Remission #5 Priewasiiny | redece ye 2 rcefte < invettrent cast per kn, she Worwabe Siz0 of ererecti a =) poe y ™Y Units has beon Constontiy trey aces ing the + mony ye 7: iss PE EOTech oe of darge arcs of OY OEY None Aicdancat feo, ome! eeonomicany ong Ais iS teehnicany €conomicatt Feasieye. ONY At OCIS ty he uy ond OMY vange Pithead Steen Plant omd Remote Lygro Pld 5 The cost af donsportation i's em appseciable pet of the cost of coal, espectalty for wsegions sttuatedl fax anny Leon the cool $ietdl. Sometirnes the borbtenechs 3. toms — fortation tend to ove te sterm Pernts vesting In tall of géreration. one reethed 42 avold Such stkadions iS 40 have Super henna! plomts near Coat fietdt. these Steam plants ave Kron as pithead Stem plants. Stniay Some prospective hycho SAE axe Srtuared in vemote axeas, Moseover, he S@acity of Sitel Aaving favourable chovac tastes, (ayatablitty of cocting watt, transsprAater| PGiKES, cheap rd and Sabor ex) fs Fovcing many uksities, aur vey pe wor, +o bulid Aooge $i3-eol Sten Plants fry weer arras Sabet Why furry Load Conve. Exvac Banferission Syslems ave mecded to tenSenft deege omeamis of powep ond. tng olistonces Kem hese Plenis fo seed rivet,©) Susige Tonpedane Loadliog (5l\-The concept of soge Inge] doe Loocting gies a Simple emethod +o Compose he appeximnate Loud waging copabisity of eines oF lifer en vottage Loyal, Swoge Tanpedance Leacting CSL} 75 -the power trad a tre comes wohen each phate iS tesmina tel by a toad equal to the Suge impedente of he tive. Stge tmpedante of a Line CSpmbs) Ze) 1S equal to fe where Lis the Series inductance per unit Length ond C fs the Amt capacitane pes unit Length TA VIS He Line 40 rrudeal youtoge, 2v> Ze AL this soading +he reactive power Consumed by SIL equals +o He Lire inolucance Cie, wl) 1s appoenadtety geal to the yeactive powth generated by +he Zine cPacttor me Che, wevr), A Fromsmissions The rember of checultS ond the Sand requireerent Fox arsenite olecyeates wh the adoption of a high’ transmission vavtage. for Konsrotting boom over a ditance of 2cakm, a Singte circuit 4ookv tine using +80 Conductrs pey phase ond! weqing a vight 4m 1S Suyficient, shal giving a ako IS Mul per mole right of any of way ated of Eo he, a02) Lire costs, the Line insiattation cast per mn) pe km lecreades sith frceeate fn vattage Svel. Moxeovel, the impact of te cost of soSel an the everat) Con] || seve case one Substentaty hifftcent at cil exert valtege sevell. are total tine cost ( induding the Cost of asses) poy mW per km olecreoues cansidovaély with the Increase fn Line varage. with the Incase In fan srnission vauregr, tex Gre amount of power to be tontmited, cunsent Inthe Line lecreue which seluces ag sores, THE coty dead to inverse in transmission ficiency. > wh the dewese fy cemvent, Size of Gareluctr wequl- ved Yedues which etsetel she valtmne % Grdlucle. The tieesimissen Coppactty FS psapaBonot +o Sruaxe & the opriating vadegel. Thu Ke ArontiniS$ien Cage chy of ine frevantey UA Incvane in weege. Tt IS Ccoromicay whh EbVAC Kons Son ry inter Commect +he paver Sychms of sarge Scale, 7 Hing ma. OfAAvarrtages The fonowirg ase the adonmages of Ely. Ac Trantel— | sion Fav ivansenbiting butk power over Jorg chistemis 4. Wh the Increase In Honsmission vactage, the cs g. Oo: WarsesrisSion efficiency frcreases + Vostage Regutation 45 fropsov-tel. The velume of conducts material lecraues, The Pantmisstory eapacitg ot the Aine increases. Ersratiahon cose of the 4vrsmisslon Line pet km decrease. P 2 Since STL “Fs 0 97t Sek increevel which indices that powrey tansfer increase. The fokvconectons of the prver S4swens ona K Scale is possible. Flexi bitty fe Fudir0 Sylry gooey Rececthon in vights of way, Reckucthay in Losses the no. & ciycufS amd the &h land! s@quire- met vedrces tearsendsien vostage lncreasesLimitations | peoblenS tavosved fin EHV. Pansenission Pouowing ave the Lfntations/ protiems fnvalved in | eH. v Teantenission 4. Cowra #081 and wockio Birtesferente. A Heavy Suppoiting Shuetees amd erection ibeiedtal 3. TpSulation wequixernents 4. suftanlettg Grsiduodions SS uve earsying capacilf 6 Fossa fect A Exvvonrrental and biolegicad aspect 8 Equipment cast.Power -Horrdling | Capacity) anol Line Losses when Line -sesistemie fs negtected, the power +Hheet ee ee | jcomSensttcol depend uptn 9) The mogeitaclet of yaltoges at the ends (Ge) 2) Thelr phase tiffteence 6, ond <) The toto positive Sequente seactorve x per phate when the Shant Capacitive admittebce is megtected. | | Tred, pz Ese SinS/yy.y) — — © At unity power fatter, at the hood P the cesvent Howing s T= €snd/gix —®@ ond the tor power fost in te s-pheses al) oman +0 Pp = apr = € swSxfy> —@) Thesefoxe, the peocentage. powsen 408s is p= 1b 2 yosindc%) 4) ia | The fourewing table shows the pesiontoge power JOSS Orel prowess bending coxpescrhy of Lines oF er voutoge Levels for 630 md eolthout Soa- eed eompersation,—Systeen KV pues Loss S Lua | $e -g.0] 32-094 Sosy ‘4 oes loss. 2 ba ELE J Eiresmptiion || | la P= 0S E*/tx, saw ed &0 2880 6000 seus coe use 00 000 Saye oe 23s 1u30 2000 Ugie 1000 Ban uo ae Qu 1100 cae An 000 2836 The fonoesing ave the useful Coston Com be oben fox preetionincs.y undastoncting of frend’ veteting +0 power boediing copatity of ac tansmission kine cod give essed 1) One ASOKY Line om MoEeelty Cxery a3 much Power as Feus gooky Cieced+s fos equat ctiskance of tos on) SSien), 2) ome ipocky Line Com Comy the power Of Hace FDKV Ciecults amd Heeve 100 ky chrcufis for the Some tomirrission LiStane. 3) The pores berdling cepatitly of Line at a given voltege eves olernecsef With Line Sry, ea?) frvrsely — pooPetiencd te Hine Lergihl.Frown the above propetty we ObeWe Hoy if he Conductor Size is bated rn Crsvent wating as dine Length ncscuset, Smee Sizes of conductes will be necesaly, This will incrtale the danger & high vartege efpects caused by Smatier ctiameset of Cord US giving SiS@ +0 Coram om the Conductod intensifying wadtio intestetente eve amd ad itse moise Ue well AL CasOna. Les. Howevel, the pexcertoge power £088 In tern Swwi.ssion verncing — inceprrclent of zine Aength Sing fe dop- erd$ on ne verte of conctuchy yegistmle +0 the positive Sequence yeactance per unit Length, emd the phase ctilternce & between Es ond Ee, eee 2 cer Las.¢ by —bremimmistion Veet —irroteprartomt —p4 thre Length, Shere ft chepird | CP te fen pe values of 2 Fe ES evicltrt Haat FE decrease? a3 the. Sysiem voltege i$ inereatel. This is vey Shergiy Qn Favous of usieg higher vatrege Ff energy Bs to be Consesyed. with the enosmatt Increase fry wot! of) piles and the need fr emsewving mortubal sesoleres, this Croud Sometwres become she govetning eriterion few Slechon & vostoge fee kanlmissonBH) Dry comparison fo the Fe power 4058 ot 4ookv, uk alsesve thot if the Same powey 1S Homsmitted at aSvky, the Lire Less is reduced 1° C2-S/q..74) = O25, at focckv eae mem Chia tor Glee mooky ft is weciiced furshey to 7/24. 2 eenMechanical considerations ID Line parfesroance $s ior AS the number of sub- crctucters used in a bemdle fnorectes vibrations amd counter measimey anc! speings of Sub— Gnductors wilt allo afgert the etethsical design, pasiifce- 4e1y the Sufae vostege gradient. he mechanical Aetignes WH wecommend he Ftocver cUnrenSionS, Phale Spatings, con— duttey height, Sub - conduct’ spacings, eC. Foom cobich the eleokical devine. bas to commence Ais catcwlation of yvesistane, inductane, capacitance, erect Cowra effets, ond au sher pebermance cheasacten Si. esetic Fred, The Sub. Conducts fy a burdle ase Seperated by Spaces of Saidagie type, which being thelr oor pacts ems such af Fapigue to Hhemsevel and to the cuteh. Strands of the Conductor using vibsationS. The paced) ave potvided ad benvetrn, ach Spm which & jn the neighbourhood of ietetval Yerging fsem 60 AG mek Bee meee hy Chv Lines. thus, these way be tuto Ord Spans ord wom Hee Sub Spms fn the middle, The SPACES psevert Conduttns From wuitbing or Conicting with each ethey in wind omd ice storms, if omy, However, imder Aah Severe wind corcitims the hurdle SPacey con darrenge HSE oF Care Aawege to ye Cenducter emdey certain Gitical vibrsadion Conctitions,Elechfeatty Speaking Stnte the cheeges om the Sub-e conductors ave oF the Somme palebtity these exists elechostatic sepilion among hem, an the offer hand, Sine they Casey Crmsenis inthe Same Bseets on, Herve ts electremagnesic atisacthen. his Ante. is expecially severe cluving Shot Chrcuit cursendS So that the Spar cey bat a forte exerted an teeing moral oY abnormal eteckscal operation. Theo. type ef vibsahen ave secognined a4 being fmpotiant fer ehy. conctucters, sheiv clegree of Severity depencting on meng attes, chief. ameng which ave @) Conductry tenSion span gongth co) Conctucty § SiBe GQ) Type & conduotes © Fessain of sine @ aiscethen of poeverting wirglt g Type & supposing Clamp of Gndlucte - insulth| assenbyd from Ac Howes O) Fewer type oD Height of towel Type CF Spacers and dampers The vegetation tn the Vicisity of LineD) Aeotion Vibration , 2) UEC oe when a cenducter ts under tension and a Compa | sarivey steady wind blows acess H, Small voices ave fevered on she tecumd Side cated Karena vor Cwhich wee Fixst observed on eciscratt wings), These vosticep oledach thernseive. and exh ey dO atternakly teeny the FOP and bottom they cake a minute Vert Poste on the conducts. The frequecty of the Foste s given by he accepted fesmula Fo= 2065 vd, uz where y= Corppesent of wind vetocthy mevonal to the conductey in Ken) hous, at ciameres. of Conduthy in Cerrti met ¥eS. The wesutting ascittacion ov vibeutione forces cause Fatique of conduct and Supporting stauctire and ae known a aeolian vibwations. the fecquency of derachcent of the Karrnan Vowicas might corvelpend to one of the meted meohaniced frequencies of the Spam, which Hf net clemped janpoly eactividual Shemres of the Cn-| euch ag oF SLuAPOAS OF fo wave effects Cony buiid up end leshog dlucty ot points of yethalnt at bundle Spercess. they allo gre ye Suh~ in which the vibration tewes along the denetucter Sutt eing wéflechen at discentmuines af points af cLitfeot Vertes — auchiting enast Cf ae echiaticind a cued — devinutind ey 8 prem che endEn fereval, the mest Severe Vibsation Corctitiens ave Created ey winds without tuypulence So thed his, bubid- FogS amet pees beLP in weckicing the severity, the types of Vibscton one + C) Acatian Vibyation @) Ga oping ee QD ulate - Trokrcad OSciilehons. The Fist 4000 awe present for both Single and suti- Conducts bunds, hile the wake— induced e&ctiatic #8 confired +o a bundle ently, ghamdate! Fees of bimdle condluctrs have Sub- Cortuctess Sereging Fsom 2.54. te Son liametess ect kunolie Spacirg of goto Socm Lemen adjatnt conduttrs. For ehv famSmissia, the rember Barges deo 2 to § Sub— Concteltees toy hewees SSier\ yolrages feo AcOkV to I2COKY And upto 1 er even 18 for higher vettage ehich axe net yet commen celly in gpetacior.) Ganlopiry Gautoping of a condhuthy 1S a VEY high ampiiudt, Jow Fseyrancy type of Conduct enotion and eccves wality ny omms of yotadivéty Aled tenraln Under $po-| Zing Yelm avd icing of conducted. The Fleet tervatin Pee Videe Wind thot one unify and of @ ew terbutencr, woken a conductor 1S feed, Te psetents arm UnSyinin etiical Cmoss- Section edth the firdwond Side bavieg sess ice exceunmutation phan the deewered side of the conductor. when she utind Hows acss such a Sefato, there iS om) aeedynaric Life ay wetl al a cho Aevte. due to the arect presuse of the uid, The -heo forces give vise AP tesShoneth rmcdes df oSchiahon amd they Combine Ae esade the COndudy wth Very Jeege amptitacies subtly dient to cause antacr ef jue adjacanr Phrases, which Fray be to to 1S metered apeat in the wert pasiion. Grlor fing is fratuced by usieds remngieg Forty 15 to Sokm|tout, whith may nownaty Ge highes them that eamubeed Ane aeodion Vibsodions but thee caud be an evellaP The Comducty escilate at Frequmda bervca 0°! add HZ, Ganroping 1s conperiied by using “ detuning oeroblures” which take ihe stemn of weghtS app.sicd ad dilteenr Beaton ON the Spon, Gatteping may no bE a Probe in a hor coumby. But fn Wing feats fn the Neth Sretia, he Kenprecttires meeymechanical! Chaat? TALS, nese 15 asccjared eohth then a mechanical Fmpedance. Dampest ove designed en 61S property and pervide cutteoie Poors | weave amplitudes, of megeetive weftcchon to welt the Acction Vvibsetions cee met chewed at edind verectie fn excess CP ACK nous. THEY eet princgpenty frm tonnin which do met ists yne cold so that tut hulence herps fo weclule — aectian vibvathicns. En a byrctle of 9. conductet, the empliterde of Vibsaton fs £085 than for a Singte corctuctey Aue 0 Some cancetiation effert thrcrgh the blinclle Spawe. THis occuas chen the conctictas owe net Located in a vericd Plane cchich ts mosmatly the cate in DrscretiCe. The Conducts ave yocetee! fo realy x hovizgentar plane. But wth more. than 2 conductess fn a bumde, @nductat ave. gocated fr beth plies. Sine the cectin vibsation atepenols cuypan the powy fenpevied ay rhe wind te the Condes, men suoements urder — Coppoieo! comclHons fn the Aatorartery on aubed cut by wind tersel. the foepeency OF Virwation 25 wlually eimtted! to Qouz ord the ammptinotey yess Iho 2.5m,dip +o berow aT ‘i P the 4ocozing point. when +the Ice trom the cntueteg, it bring) anoites oscieteay moter chipping but 7 i , cattad whipping but Is mot present dike getcoping during ony winds. wake - Induced cscinedion, The wake Protec esciiiahon is peastlas to a hurdle cenetuctoy, and! Similae to acoeian Vitreacion ir fp Hat tewain amd gaeteping occceting poncipey att wires of Steooly ve tectty amd LOW He bulene- dow net exceed 3H2 the frequency of pe escination bus wny be suggient ampitede 4o cause clashing Sib- corctuctorl, cobich ave SEEK ated by — frotuced tacont af adjacen = eockS abot soem. Pered, Speen ascaton west b& nama jn te range ag to 65 kro) Hout + cae induced eSctiiation, athe called °° terror jostabitity” —5< canntef eohen ene cordlutter on tye wind ward tole aeredynamically enictole the teetaad arcu 408. TO Cane his type of aSciliation, +he cecal Con oluictes must be positioned at west Hours the Limits of she wrake oy ewindShadow of the windiuarid Concluctey, The. escitation eccurs when 4~he burdje HI © 0 15% 2n, respect to a Hat grourd susfae. Therefore, a Pe ot ie ah this omgle can Create ae ene ie Wecke = inctuce ‘ned C - netted oscination$. The Conakictoy Spacing 40diarcekt ratio in the bundle is att cottical. TE He 29 = PRfyr Ine ARIA Sey Kiry KeSisto1Ge Gh in 04 ©) Torer vesisewe R= Los, x@) Total above holds fos &= 30. Far amy other podter- ongie the 408$ iS ee een ¥ Sin h/cLe) where XE positive - Sequente seactarca of Line Pte phate Skin €ffect Resistance fey Roumd Conductors the vesistrte ef everhead ine conducteas must be evattrarted at frequencies sarging Asan poser Bequercy ( sore} +o gactio frequenties up-to MHZ ar move. evr incrcae in Pee, thE Cerevent tend to Freed aeater the Skate wasting ima decease fr aren dog Curterst Comduction, TASS givet vise to inereate in etrective sesistorce tue to the “okin Eee The physical mechanism, Fer this effect iL chad +he tomer -Filerroents of the of fun as the Contve based on the tact corcluctore tink, Looger amscunts is cppecached which Causes an ivcreate In Cerctemee, he veachone 38 proportional: to Arequenty Soret he io pedance +o crvenr tow is Aergey in the insiole, hus Preventing How of cums eallly, The vesuet is a creating ef Certet at tre outer filowents oF the conductor. The Intsease fr resitarte ef A Shordled Condteichy FS moxe cifflaut fo catewlate Hhem that of a Single round Sai Conductos because of tne close Pocxtenity of the Strard wefan, BoHich olistet the magnetic Hetd — stir ether.Tn ANS Sectton, a method of estimating the rato Racb)/ Ry weil be clesestred The vigereus ereouttas Fnv- ane 4re we Cf Bessel Fernctang emed the wesistence vatta hay beon tabulated oy given inahe tora of caves fey ane Nation! Buscau oF Standards wlashingsen, Several aa) Shows Some yess adhere 4c clecadet ogo. Figute 2 . % i PeCqUENLY BP. ancd the abscisic) evdinate $5 Rac/Rac AY fs x = mw = 0:0636447Q5, conctuttrs in oI fs e AC resistence te Ghrenheaise Colada chenfras 20. when USING ST Units, xrnsd {Fen ehese Rn = aC vesistarve in dholmetse. mr = 0.0838 TRS @ Fig. 3.2 Variation with frequency parameter (mr) of (a) skin effect resistance ratio Rye (N/R ‘and (6) skin effect inductance LiLo, with, Ly = ny/Sr, the inductance with uniform current distribution in tound conductor.Teanperotuse Rise of comductoss and Ctresenr = coasiysng Capacity CPD Comducts Fs creyiog cersvent amd 748 ternpe~ 2 vache hal reathed a Stecoly vatug heat bertance wequives Trvtenncd Hecet Externe pect supptied Developed by 72g, by Sol Road ee lost by Meat Lost by Convection to Aix = [ Boatiadson Let aT 4 | Wie TR heuieg to watts mee Length of conduct We = Solar .Tevadiation 6 ew We = Convection Loss nt ord Wye RaclloKon Loss oy ow « ‘ Then the heat balance eqcration becomes Witvle = Wet hs — @ Each of here foun terms aloprrels upon seves.al Faclea whch must be eovitten eat in f0ms of temperate , conductor ctinrenSions, ecind vetoci ty, AtOSPHEDC Prresors Cossert, FESO, Condtilhs gurtace Cortina, Ge Te awit tren be possibe +0 Find a relation betweon-the dernpevactine alse and cursent. The. reentiaxmn aroweble terpegetiant of am Al Cnducty Is 6s*c at poctent, but} coin be increased +o 9,Q) PR bectng ft) nie = TD Ren watts Immerse —& | | where Anz Resistance of Corcluctes pes merece Length at the amendnumn temperate Ren = Stet og. (4 200k ’ With l= tempescciie vesistaice Coepticiet in alec ond Roo = Concluctes resistrnge. at 20¢ Q) Solow Prractiotion Cals) 2 Wl, = Suey dm — westsJeretse = — ©) whee dine Hlowweter OF Conduchs in meter. Siz Soke cibsosption coeKAdienr el fos Black toody 08 wet weothexed conducey 2 Ob Fey mew coccducty ond Ts = sclag ieiadiaten intensity fn eseetts] re Be New gethi in a Strnmnes'S day at noo, Ts rasa Value of Afipraiesntely 4000 ~ 150 Wir CE mote + OF eateries (sey-con day = 4860 ets frCB) Camvection Loss Cink), 2B a a cen dea | We = S134 pve Vdag: tee, taetth fr where p = PsesSunc of aly In ahmasphrc | Nee sind Nelacity fin wmedcas) Sec, Aka Aemperddee 91se in °C abwe ambirt Ft mk, din = dhamexy of Grduttey In metse, Sloce A meme Regi “Of Conducts Hed om cuca oF Td Sym., Fhe corvec on Lass 1s Wes 18. At. 1 Pam dn » Wats | merse. & (4) Radiation Loss Chby) 2 THs fs given by Stefom- Battzrerem tate Wy = §.902K 168 eC Te warts [ro udhere = neve emissivity Of CondluCtey Seiface = bY buck boty = OS fey ofidized AL of cu T = Geductoy teaperatoc In SK payee Ta = omisienr teen pexectunc ink = on ae ty The Nactiadhon lass Pes reise dorgth of coodutey Th ule = 1-988 et Ta, waedS [rnequation ©) fer the hod balance then becomet DP Rent Sededm = RAP. Meche + 119 ale * vl cy Properties of Rundied conductoss 5 WO pss ey cle) are Bundlieel conductors ave exctsSivey used fet hiv. FeomSenission Lines. On'y one Lee fn the word, thar of +he Benneviile power Administeation ty the vsA., hes wed a gpeciat . expanded ACSR cordtucter of 2S inch dliarneter For speiy 525 ky Aire Figure Shor below ane fs etampes ef corctutter contigecrations uted fer each phase of ge tines of each pore of a OX Hine, AS of naw a marinum of 18 Sub- endutteas have been ied en expedmrentas tines buct for Creveeicial Hines the Aacgest wurober is g fer 1190 —-12.00 kv Lined. Single Twin Cond. 4-Cond. Cond, Cond, Fig. 3.3 Conductor configurations used for bundles in e-h.v. linesDourdle Spacing and Bundie Qoclius The eub- comduttoss of a bundle are unifosry cists my There are Paefesckt 40 Spa her mon- croiteveniy to foes the auotibe noise geresated by the bundle conduttey, but we cot develoP tre velvant georsetsscel pocpemies of any N= Cre! coretuctor bundle “on he assumption ef emiferm Spacing of the sub—anductors, Te is else veported thet +he Hashoves vartege of a tong aly ger fs Incseated wh a non unifeern 8 Bote Sm 63D Georerkie Men Radius of Gundle: except for calculating the Surface votoge grodieet from the chasge Of ach Sub- conducty, Fey mast ether capceetetlons the bimdie of N= Sub- Comdircters can be xepiaced by a Singie Conductes having ao equivalent Paki This is cated the “ Geometsic men Ractius’ ev Simply the tequivalerd Ractivt, THs Vaue is ne] YN Vp eg = NERY cf) = ROHR) 6) Hos +he nth yaot af athe prwtuct: of he Sub-corductay wacias 5) amd the ctistance af this Sub-concluces Fae) atl the otter CN) tompantens in the eumd le. We tbe] equeion 1s dozived! ces PayoutsFoor the Figure Bundle spacing ome Bundie Rodin, the pyectuct of onaj) emuxtuas ListanGol ts ~j) = : [srk] pesnallfoseal)...fpasinaits ac ay[sics | [sina], a [seynyr] : “eey “he CAR ein. Sin... sin(2!)a] a Fo N28, Bey = (rv Net, Ye, (@: &« Sink. sin 88) Ys ae = (30) Neu, Veg = [z. Rx. rad Sle ainat) = (4rR3)% Nob, xq 7 [26 Sa. SeP sin .. Sin nc = 0.05) % BTA® uate no. , where the genevay Foremnule is [v= Gre and) I4 erg oo Wo) Single eats Rees — 400K te HOOKW Doula checeit CO[c) they = nor vewy Common 0 ie NGC ree tee eo see 4- 400kKV chyecefH. > 2 Tecknolony fo 4oonv ever emis Here a tenckenty +o fowour he four cincué g.ookv Aine indkad of using — higher wattage kel. FH54 win SCN EC) Impat of equipment trom other counties amd usivize phe Know - OW OF one's Own County Lnductance -ef —rwW0 corductors Coueutotion of frouctante ef wo condluttors each ef extermoy vactiut 5 ond Seporattd by a Aislenle D which Perms the batis for she casculation of +e mahix of Inotuctante ef — reatti- conducted — Conbigrration. Pound eonduthe’ wht tqsetnal Etter Hn Laboge.Inductance of UNH =H EHV. Line ConFiqueedions , 1e co 8 eo e@ aT rese ca) YCHM yma © gfe wertrest L Tipe D y ° ° e ¢@ ° 2 v Ttirr vier? ale ad) Me Ge nos tO nod e i) 9 2 @ @r @ ome rN ES CH) Fou Grath — ToWwey- E-rev. Line 3e WT Ce) Dic conventione PCO Cees condiqueasions wid.> - consider a wound! conductor Comeying a Current TD. a Aslume cunesemt FS creifermoiy distributed Witha Conitent valde tor Costent ktensity FT = T/ mr > These ove Two Compenind to the Hunk tintages: 0) Flume ‘intemal +o the conductor upto) omd ca) Fl extese to the Conductor from w upto X. CO) Treluttane clue ty Interna) Fld aca SC TCE At a sodivs yo inside he conductor, Ampene’s civcuftal daw giver Gadt = center” enctosel. coin a Umifocen carver Adonsity J, she content erciosed UP fo aectie Yo ts Ty = Pfr this gives, Hyamy = TY fy> oF Hy = A —@) Now, the erevqy arsed iq reagnenic Field Pes unit volume is aye dtl HY 3 Too Hy y% Toul ms —@ nat Consioley an armutor volume at Y, thickness ety, ome me mete 42g OF Conductor. rts vate Ts Camy.dy.l) ond He enesgy stosed is diy = amywydy 2 Letty ys.cy CG) anv4 Conse query, the tort energy Stored upto wantlus %' fn the conducty con be catculatil, Rus this ts equal to $422 where Le = drduttone of spe Conducta per rr@ice dle to-the forena Hur Linkage.a qu xy ph = Diths o eee ee en ¢ Poly = oly oa age lo Consequeneny .. Lys Hotty 1 Hey Janene “tT Fee non-magneic weumticd, Hy =) wlth Me= 4 0x107 Hm, Drductania due to tnemmal Fiux Linkage is Lizoosa Hin (rt y=! The effect off non-uniform cussent dgmaution at high Acecpurd2h 1S bende my momery Shrlay to the sesistene, Dvr +o Skin Chet, the Interna Hu Linkage dleereous With Feoqpuenty, Contes) ft she behaviour of mesiftan®. The qyetSn fee tre trauertve vecone 1s CALD: Stevenson 274 ExtiNfon) Ro (Ms) - Bern) Bever) + Befw)- Reiex) _® mh = ( Gevcx)J>4 CeejomJ> wohere xy(F) = Sactonce dvs to Sniesnal FU Lintoge af ony fraporcy $, Ro = OC Seslltante OF fonduths prey wit? In obmi, x = 0706864 #/e6 Lib Rm Retidtom@ py mere then ¥ 1 4x16°f Haw | where Lis Xa font do Los HoletTnductance Due to Extyral Flux , iaadtaleet Aepigicg Ampere 's crradtel 4a00 evoumd a citie of veding Ye ern oshich the field SHON HFS Same eveny echere , he magretic iad stengh 78 given at He = Tam Ye girg Be = Mody L/amye -O Sine ehy. sine conductors ave atunys docetted in aly tHy2 1. Ty a differen to tistante Me, rhe mnagnetic Fire AO= Bedye per rreke LNG of conductor. Consequintty, the Flux Lintoge of conduttey ue to exter — fe Up to a chistemee x TS * m= [vedi 2 2%) —@ ar e the inductance is le = Yelg = AO 46%) —@ a0 Dry aiv amd with Loz 40857 tlm Le = DAN C% ye) gt A), For a Acund — Conduttoy ity uniter Cervsen dons ry , athe — combined — jnductene cue +e internal and exctewna/ Hor Linkage up to a otistan® 4 From he conte of — conducts is Le or Loss mney) 5 orLiniares ant soxdn (Joni), tH fm or mithn. — This expen am be interpret es hegs om efbeotie edivs e Conduttey — Recomes Fe“= O- TEER acteal Aackiy,The — TWO - Concluctor Pare plete Ee SOREA EAE eae we conducts each of vactiug sy, Seperated by a SOME to Cente gigtrnce BD, and camping Ces Z and 2. we wh Revive /an) —® FN yenerctl, 7 Fs evident tyes Fhe mactiel mexwer!s coefficient fey the flue Linkage et cnductry 7 ard codutte i Card vitevesa) wilt be wHh f, 524% -0n,- ij = An File.) , its —® This, Fer a Sytem af 1 canctuctors Cphary or pat) Bbeer ho flex rinkoge reartrhe is CYIn = “ee CP Jon C2, = TU nnl Ge) -@ Cs ree cug (kg ae Cy¥.y,,. Aer] : o alles =@) Gr)- Cua, 7, © In Ji = Ord re okorrendté oF rronupeuts Codticitnts rete iy axe Py = 2nCH]/vq) ond Py =O: = dn (Filip) (eS 8the iagecdl ehernents of the incluctome aretha CL nq vepseieest the Seg incluctarter, cmd Re eft- Lagenas done wrdler he — fotwruing — badde — assurnprion . unelie sooty RTS very Seo > Bird Spacing & oe the conctudtty abo Ground. compared 40 the height H of he phase This ausws she we of an a the ditan sub cooduth of he bude amd the nage EXAI) subscorduchd » bate growed: (@ berween Any of aul the othes eo This Se The FO ceva conted by the pumila 14 Tank hot of eth suptmdubey 4s 12 B/N, 7 Totewral Fuex snbogs — cre ombitedl, bus cen be ‘inciudled vb he Probe tert ShConsidey the Ftux Linkage of conducts 4, wobich 1S 6 H aH Qs sate 2 [in 24 4 tn 2 Jn St a wh = an oN andi ag Sind 28Si0% N 2 Hot 2 4, oO atin OR) sing, sin 0 ser w+ —-® seat Thy 2H | aw Coay The Selle— induce of the entice bundle is L= Mfr = 2" mm One) —@ am white 4he irdlutente of each Sub @ndud voi be be = Ulf = MOV INC Hrey) —@) an which TS atso oN tines the burda Snduthane Since aul +he Bublorduttord are in PRAM. THE moncwee!'s cork tient for the equivalind mactins ta, Line capacitance caltulad on sere ree consider 400 ConduttosS of qual vadi} decoded OHA thea conrees BH apo. THE charges on each Sis @ cautombs fmete omc of appofite pabe airy. ono uric pose tea Charge tected at pond FF at a eiSromta % , dear NE tek ok Ne conductor on the attwith —pasine Chovge Q, the tora force evegted oi be (ahi 1) Newtons Gauss's Lac) -o The potential olifferente menveen the 400 conduclad is sie J Chet Majors & mer, —@ v= ane DA AMY at is usual in ehv Ue, v= 2 Inlays) —G, mee &Yy Srmmnety, the nid plane @-G wi be oF OSV cmd she Pd. berveen Hhe Posie Conduchy ond Gr % 7S Vazw. tn (Gsad Grdude from ancy) @ , 2 = B the Palace oD Cenc [ec ee Montel!" potential ceefidert = (AH) = Py The mutual Potentiod ve fticienss ocho Fatty ove Rettrm'ned) by Plating tre wnductorS ard — their Images wth proper Changes. The Potenal of Gpducrs A ot conducts 2 ard HS mage afin BE aay (eae a eo an () hi eante Ox QT 40 AEs Dien fen +4. aneo CaO ee Cac Cem lea Ge aT7 apadmance of — rautti-conductey tine — maaweu'sS gsenvial oetticlAds For a system of wm conduchns Cphaies of pois) above grout, ye potential of conductors ech be a By a Lin a Lin = Be oy BH Ge ty Be 4. + So tn _ Mt Sree Fane Pm eee © n= Swe 2t 4 Say 2 4 Ginba at - —@) oe * * ase | om Tra mnatde dorm, Wh 2 C&lmn C8larel, — © shor? Vn = CV, Mody = Potennals itn steipect FO Gromd, COIm > CQ, G21 I, = Fhe Grduthy chonget- The elements of the porwr Coctidenr MAK ove Py san CHL &3 = Hag) tej, WED —@.The pacitance matix of tre n-conductey SySien iS Eden = amo CP) = &meoCrij —@ We devvad the teduttante manix dev he nrconduths Syiern +o be Ten = 22 Tenn an TE Internal Flirt sinkeges be venpottors — aetation, Ei ia = Moe So CUD —© regktied theve metalis He = = aw ) P| . ¢ vohee CUT = unit meatix, and ge wutodity of Bight = 3x10 Mie, Poreorad Try the Sek Poensiod — coetticifut., ofy. This 4. the bundie dimenSans Raine height Hy, & ord & oe cottons fox Bundled ~conducka Lives Ye, is ued ied GS rived as Fotlows, on the arsermnptions that Sma compared to ZB ond QB Swan composed to The Spacing S Asorythe. conve O& OH GRae tO mother. 5h cach conducts of «=A Hace Phae Line hntingy chanye Y= Qin Pe Unie hengh, — the. potentiod of erduda e at am Bt my SH ay BH Ny = ame NP apsion 22.5000 nN nN oy SH 7 ap sie yw a) H Cae % Be Iaey) Trt Oy a bo Cfeey)Seeyeontes TDacolon des 8 For a fany Tremspored BPA Ac Line, the Fit Linkage aaa Co eg 5) ete 9 The induttone marit 6 Sprmnetie for a tornsparxd tine tox” whith He Spenco} Comporent} Ramey vst be Ud. Foy tos0 SHON, te comers in the 3 prauet ave Xe x21. The covverparding eigen vector fs Cl 1 Dy witha » the arotmatized om Ci De) ay Fonesing a Similar prctedine Fer by.= Us-bn, he Petal 44 Ty, ° Ws snco-calfa| a | ca | ie @ % voc dh al 4 sthe Heo equokons fy Wyn}, ave oe equal to YH yy =0 By ctoosing Y= 1, we have Yaryy= te Mame me Pave om tits vivir of coe der we vet? of 4, af ¥, Gabe Gl judticiad choice fol ther betel on Prachcal enginling constrains ard hs. AS a tiv — choie, vet Gp co. The yye + ThE Sesutting Udon ects owl 148 nomraliged tom ove Since . . the rind Alger veld Ag ig ao the Same oF dy we ol x / eee ARS Some equations eo the Comper of he Siqen- wOWh maady WE Can deSiqnase ay (C2, FuPe de FY hookingZ=\ ond Z2y2), WE cbtain 2, 2-2. the third — ciqinvecer ond 5 mosmatiged trom axe Ti -2 Ty ond ee he SKEPS ¢ . a . SrePae Forenwots — phe, Compttte Kb eigen veces wredtsyix ox in gine, ann fer the wy Viger Voluy and Gul H the — ieweyse of the someon MAX TTY ey the prokiawn under Consideration, es a |e ' = F Ba, the Komshey mation mmodsdy CT} wit be 5 mR 1 yy: ie cape a whith tuans out fo be +e Homspase of Cay] Hey detemiray is -6. SOS: tre quem Arduclona Naki is dicgonaligad y the Slaton, Ls + alm Ex DOr) = tan cams) Ls-Lin, Ws tsa Peageral reodit — uahate ekemAds awe Quod to the aHece eigen vali, which mighh be Seen fo bE the Same AI she Sequente oluctantes peeirakd fy ne vartage emd Corte Bus now yey wil be cated pe teduobemcet Fee the ties eda of Propagation of Clerrrmoagnek C aresy oh she Ube! — geneiating stem.Interpadation of +he -cigen vectas , ; we CBSE het the — eigenvector Cosretpending +o he fras eigen vatee by = Lst Alm consists of Ci 4, which cm be intspseted af -forous: Ty he tit emete of — behavious Cer teavel of ati quaniti on the +hmee corcluctors), she vatragel, Converts, charges, and accompan ying eresgicl are att equal an 4he ee condudios A480, hey ore atti OF she Same Sign or polerity . an is mnecle of peapagation , she Sen cenmet Hows In she ground ard! he because of gourd feturting atenuation ef energy ete. Ore high ; Ground! eck. sesistame. Te fs asouly carve! +he © Lire —to~ of prapegetion or the © hamapolay? rede. The eigonvectos C1 0 1) coreelpenclt +o the Seerdd engen- Value ays bs— tm: In dis cathe he propagesion arn be Seen to take plate befveen the cxeter phe - corchuetors only, WHA he Cenke phoue eeing idle. Asso, favaning the. HHO cetter phases ground . roction, ts LOK ret Favarved Fn propagation So hat often! a gretmd made. he Sear mreete- Rind) ar Simply (prere beantue tis is a closed Sastrn fs ahon fa the tire to se ented’ Line to Une mocte ihe TL — phase” mete. The Jost eigen vector is £1 2 iJ cosvelprting +0 the nepoded! eigen vetlue a= py = bg-lm. wre obSesve thot hele eigenvetors fave Reperched ufer the choice macte by Fo’ ae Relative values °F the componenfl ot —e fey clay and 16> dey aw bed stock.Geareticol Povrametty fev Cattatodion of qramed-Acken ESISTONNE ined i Braulante - Figure above hetefbes the important paweonebos fnvorved Ferd J above ground fp the coucutatton Showing two corductors together usith Hes freges we take eon Sou!) lgtem7G = —o For usual ehy. comtigueations, Fige Ew cas BMWs ove used, Ly he ine, and Cs is ato in SOS em unk. to Me —4evctee ty ae Conveort “ALS jen Into CaS Unis, the rractiply. S m 15", Then, Eye ly ar Fe< Hoving — cacwtased F353 the ground mesisiane and leduckance axe 8q- ents 16 t, Jam c= (3) and lq 4h. 104, Hit =) whe Fy ond 3) ane calcutosed as Foirouwds: T= CS) B+ 05S. Blapig) + OS Sj Th — bythe -® Foz OS 405 C1- Sa) IN C2) — OF OGG == So + © Lh Cu, +44) 0-5 0, ee) ») a These ase Seveval Yorn, above, CS, T, Ww), which ave given by cassoy by the Fotiosding infinite sevies cohen Fij ef. fey mast calculations , any vo ey thee Looting terns will be sufficien a3 WIN be than By an example of a Fagor! qooy Aine \ Pa K - C2) Fok anor costak+1) 265 —© & Kz0 cart) } CAK+2) 4 T Same at Sx with cosine charged +o Sine: ——G) - Foo" (Sage oes ——® Ke! Te = SOR as sy wh cosine changed +o sine —_@ 4 my = Best yg er 85 —@ We = he S. 4 Ag = esa ——_— @ 8 area MGy —® we 2 5 COM KeThe Nenporant and imiercenng — propesieh of % ond Ug for a sapiee apr xine ave imunected — by 4aking Ory exomple of the hotzontal 4.00KY LINe. These Propesies come att to be Cagis Pq] ' ' Nf and cys ]e . y| —G Dioqenatizahon of COI, Tk is Gntevesting te bse we the psropenties of CO} by dhagoratizing i The & eigenvaluts come ait to be A)= 4, ane pcg, Ore Set of CX ard Cryt bith utin Aiagenalige COT ean out to be exacty the Same ot Clarkes modified — Transfesmedion, & 6 GIP. ao Bs * CrPeoyery= Hef 0 BY fr [PR ee 4 ane A a4 & @@ a ° oo 2 nae © 0 9 Ay © we coud howe applicd Kis pacpety dex Hagoratiaing He of ELD, and CO), of the teomsposed xine instead Step 4 od tee acstiary the ay mat ¥iced of she Lengthy Proceduse tn qrrece eigenvalues of CHOREASACco) Capacitor ce \Olseyve. Hhext PO,= fbn ts tm | = Weyer) (EU) 1 erry) EOS Linn Len Ls Ary — Manstotnedion mevdx which diagoratises CO) cain atte Aiaqoratise CLs-te) LU which 1s abecady in iogomttiged tenn. Complete Une — Gonarneiess with Ground Rerwan, WE Can now @MbINe the SreSistales,, aductonCs ard capacitans of the phate corducteys with those of quod sete) te Fomnalase the Camplate sire - parameters For oa Avonsposed Kine, Ca) ReSistance » THE conductys resistance matse iS [RJ = & CV) Srsound~ Aen acsistance rorokdx CRq) = qo) thevekos e Rrtg mM Cae TR} + CRG = CU) + QgCo)= Py Re Pq % my yy eb) Inductance , Ls Law brn : Cree fim ts tw Je Cbsobs) LUD + Len OJ Ly. Ley Ls Tig) = fod Br lean ca leap Cig — bo) CU) + Cly+tm) £8)Ce) arpacitennce = Te] = Cse6m) LU) + cm 609 Diagenatianton of omy of these mance is easily coresied eur aheough TT] and ryt of clo ke'S modified jcomshevinatton PAS. 2 Ret 80 EVICRIET] = Rel) + Ry ‘le Be Re Note that the qourd conmioutes CBR) 40 the Aig roeele OF Line + to- qeound mode of panpageution. the ety Ro= Re+8Qq roy BEN be cared the -Zewp. Geuance —-TESistonnce. a Tay Pe] Oy] = (ste LUD + Cigttn) Ls +aleny + 3bg : Ly-Lro, Lyte Compo] wth rcSutts gst = (Lon) /2 The qanheS Ro and Ly &m be considered a8 the Zed - Sqpene Guonises white QR, and L are positive sRquEne — wankses alorained —Undey — Symanttsical Connpanent concepk of Fav rescues using Hh? a ine rHoddl Gn be wonswuckd — as grown in above —Fiquee The +hyee tines ove mepeerenicd by thers posive -squeng qmonh sss Ry and Ly the Gromd- Achim Post conshwed Sq and Clq + bm) wR aye cerored aS CRO-BIIR, and Clo-hy)le Sedpechwely. The &Pachrane neGwHk consists ba y @nnectedSe equal to Co = Ceot 20) [3 and A-commected Set ef Gn = Cco-ci)/g. TRE AX Connected get way bE Converted TO aN equivalent Y jf mecessony each eq having capacitance of Btn = Co-C1). SUCH A Aepretentechon of a sire secon hag been used Fey setvingy UP mintahite rede on THomsient NetWork Anclyzey fey suolechi ng susqe srudies ard in medherecticd xeccteks for Compusetion ok — Acomsieww — paheermnante OF — Norteristien zines U85e0) he Dignrar Computer The adel Con prove that the Vpttoge hop 4mm COR aaa FRc hg) + SClet lg} TIC + Fy + Clas lg)s} Tacs) + £4 fly tty) $3 IG)