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BAB I

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a. Semboro I
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DATA-DATA GILING PG SEMBORO


DMG ÿ009
Tgl G[ Juni ± D0 Juni ÿ009 (Periode II)

I.c KAPASITAS GILING


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c Air Imbibisi 90š

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Data Spesifikasi Turbin Penggerak Gilingan


A. SEMBORO I
G. TURBINE UNIGRATOR : G unit
c
ßc ) cc c c c c c cc c
!(c< cc)c&c"c
, c'34/+,+12+11+&c#.#012c
ßc  c
 +
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c c c 0/c@c#/c@c.1/cc9cc..cc
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- c
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c
c

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c<<7cc
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c  c
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ßc 5 c  c
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ßc 
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ßc $ ccc c c c c #433c + :c

B. SEMBORO II

G. TURBINE GILINGAN NO.G : G unit


c
ßc =  c  c c c c (

 cc'#c
ßc ) cc c c c c 8c(8c<c5cFc- c
ßc  c
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ßc 'c

c c c c c 02/c3/.c
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c c c c c c <;%c331c
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ßc &
c
c c c c c #2c+c#1cc
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c

 
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c c c c c #1cc
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c c c c c c ../c% c
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c c c c c //c% c
c
c
ÿ. TURBINE GILINGAN NO.ÿ : G unit
c
ßc =  c  c c c c (

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c c c c c 02/c3/4c
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c c c c c c <;%c331c
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ßc &
c
c c c c c #2c+c#1cc
ßc &
c

 
c c c c 03Tc<c+c3/Tc<c
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c c c c c #1cc
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c c c c c c ../c% c
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c c c c c //c% c
c
c

c
c

D. TURBINE GILINGAN NO.D : G unit


c
ßc =  c  c c c c (

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c c c c c 02/c3/2c
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ßc &
c
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c

 
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c c c c c #1cc
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c c c c c c ../c% c
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c c c c c //c% c
c
4. TURBINE GILINGAN NO.D : G unit
c
ßc =  c  c c c c (

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ßc  c
 c c c c #624c
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c c c c c 02/c3/2c
ßc 
c c c c c c <;%c331c
ßc : c c c c c c ./c c
ßc &
c
c c c c c #2c+c#1cc
ßc &
c

 
c c c c 03Tc<c+c3/Tc<c
ßc 8O c
c c c c c #1cc
ßc 

c c c c c c ../c% c
ßc  c

c c c c c //c% c
c
5. TURBINE GILINGAN NO.5 : G unit
c
ßc =  c  c c c c (

 cc'c
ßc ) cc c c c c 8c(8c<c5cFc- c
ßc  c
 c c c c #624c
ßc 'cc c c c c %c.1/#/#+c
ßc 'c

c c c c c 02/c3/3c
ßc 
c c c c c c <;%c331c
ßc : c c c c c c ./c c
ßc &
c
c c c c c #2c+c#1cc
ßc &
c

 
c c c c 03Tc<c+c3/Tc<c
ßc 8O c
c c c c c #1cc
ßc 

c c c c c c ../c% c
ßc  c

c c c c c //c% c

c
c

D.8 Gangguan/Masalah dan Cara Mengatasinya


A.c Tebu Tertahan Di Cane Carrier I
#c ,
  c <
c 
c
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< c
0c  c 
c D
c
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c <
c  c 
  c 
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c< 
cc
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c
3c )
cc
cc 
c c
 c  cc<
c<
c
cc
B.c Kinerja Unigrator Kurang Maksimal (Sasaran PI Tidak Tercapai)
#c 
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c $c  c  c  c 
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c c
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0c <
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c c  c 
c 
c Dc c 

c 
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cDc
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c
c
C.c Angka HPB I dibawah [5 %.
#c )c  c  c  c%cc
0c ' c
c  c
3c $ c : cc cc
c  cc c
c c c


cc
c
D.c Pol Ampas Gilingan Akhir Tinggi ( > ÿ ) Dan Atau Zat Kering Ampas
Rendah ( < 50 )
#c )c   c  c  c  c c c   c 

 c c  c  c

cc1/T<c
0c ' c
c  c
3c $ c : cc cc
c  cc c
c c c


cc
.c )c>c
c
c 
cc c
 c c c
c

c
c

E.c Baut Setelan Skrapper Plat Putus


#c  c  c 
c c c 
c
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c 
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c 
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 c

c
cc c  c
 cc 
ccP  Bc
0c 
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c  c 
  c c
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c
c
F.c Ampas Brodol Di Bawah Rol Gilingan
#c c cc c
0c )c   c c c 8 c   c c
 c  c  c c c 8 c
  cc
c%c)
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3c )c
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c
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c
cc
c
c
GccAmpas slip di gilingan.c
#c 
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c
0c 
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cc cc
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cc : c
3c 
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  c c c c c
c

c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c

c
c

BAB III
STASIUN PEMURNIAN

D.Gc Pemurnian Nira



 c c 
  c  c c 
c
c 
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c  c   c
cc 
  c c c
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c cc
#c 
c

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c
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c c c 
ccc cc
0c 
c

c  c

c
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c  c  c 
c c  c
 c


cc  ccc c
<c  cc cc
 

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c
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cc c
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)c
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c
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c  c  c
c  c<:0c
c C
cc!< "cc
c  cC c
=c  
c
cFcc 
c
 c
c
c
c 
c

c
c !"c 
c  c  c c nira jernihc 
c
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c
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c   c 
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c
c

c  c
c c  cc
cK c
c
c
c
c
c

c
c

 c
cc
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c
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)
cc
c 9cc.6//23c+cc
Gc@cc
cc 9c#/c
Gcc c c 9c2/c
c  G  
c         #//
c  .6//23  #/
c #//
c
c 9c.6//23c
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cV
        #//
c  .6///23  2
c #//
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)c!,"c9c)@cFcc
c 9c.6//23cFc3.3/##c
c 9c#.2/0#6c
c

)
cc

c 9cc/2244c+cc
Gc@cc
cc 9c6#1c
Gccc c c 9c446c
c 6#1
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c #//

c 9c.44#3c
cc 446
V
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c #//

c 9c3./c
)cc 9c.44#3cFc3./cc
c 9c#04#3c
c     l    
  V    #//
c    

c #.2/0 l #04#3
 #//
c c #.2  /0

ccccc9c#.0cGc
c

c
c

c
c

D.ÿc Peralatan ± Peralatan di Stasiun Pemurnian :


D.ÿ.Gc Alat Ukur Aliran Nira Mentah
$ c 

 c D 
c c 
c 'c (
c c  c c c
c c

 cc  c  cc cccc
 cCc(

c
J )  J& %* &   +    ')

  cc 
c&c 
c&&c
'cc Cc

c Cc

c
- ccc &c &c
(
c 8Cc1//c%Cc0//c 8Cc1//c%Cc0//c
+'c C/2/#/02+/4##0#346c C/2/0/#2#+/2/00#/0.c
>
c ='c#/c ='c#/c
C

 c 40c >c 40c >c
(@c
c 4//c3+c 4//c3+c
c@c #3/c/<c #3/c/<c
<cGc+c<?cGcc ./6c+c//02c ..2c+c//22c

Contoh perhitungan berat nira :


=cc c3/c c0/#/cccccccc
-c c c cc

c ccccccccccccc
ccccc#.c 1.3.61cc3c
ccccc#c 1.34./cc3c
ccccc#4c 1.3212cc3c
ccccc#2c 1.3630cc3c
ccccc#1c 1../1/cc3c
ccccc#6c 1..03/cc3ccc
ccccc0/c 1..36cc3c

c
c

Perhitungan :
angka jam akhir ± angka jam awal = Vol. nira
1..36c3ccccccFcccc1.3.61c3 c c 9cc#/.#cc3+1cc
 cc'(c c c c 9c#/
 cc Berat NM = volume * bj

c'(ccccccccccccccccccc c c 9c#/.#cc3c+c1cc@c#/c
c c c c c 9c#/63/cccc+c1cc

ccFcccccccccc c c 9c#3443cccccc+cc
kapasitas flow meter c
,   cCc

c!c@c
cc"c 9c4//c3c+c
)cc'c
c!cGc@c9c#0c"cc c 9c#/..33c
'c
cGc
 c c c c 9c#/c
-cc c c c c 9c00c
Kapasitas ,   cc@ccc@ccc
c@c#//c
=
giling c
cGc
 c

Kapasitas giling GD.Gÿ9 TCDc


c
D.ÿ.ÿc Pemanas Pendahuluan (Juice Heater)

 c c ! 
c 

"c 
  c  c 


c 
 c 
   c
 c

 c
c  c
   cD   cc
c
c
 c#0c c
 c  c
c c
c&c 9c.c ccc&&c9c4c cc&&&c9c0c c
a.c Pemanas Pendahuluan I
C  c
 c&cc c
ßc (
 c>c
 c+c c
 c c
ßc (


c
 c

 c
 c<3!:."0c
ßc (
   c  c C
c c c 
c c  c c c Fc 2c C
c c c  c

  c 
c C
!: "3c c !: "3c c  c c c  c c

   c c
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ßc ,c

 c2c/<c

c
c

c
c
J )   J& %  (
%
Ø pipa pemanas
No LP (m²) Panj. pipa(mm) Jmlh pipa
(mm)
3c #4/c 33+34c 344c 364c
.c #4/c 33+34c 344c 364c
c 3#/c 33+34c 2//c /c
4c 3#/c 33+34c 2//c /c
c   c 9c3c   c!4c  "c
c )c
 c c 9c  c
 c+c  cc
c 
c  c
 c c 9c/4c +0c9c#4c +0c
c 
c c c 9c/4c +0c9c#4c +0c
c   c  c
 c c 9c##c/<c
c   c  cc c 9c#/4c/<c
Perhitungan kebutuhan luas pemanas

 cc c 9c2#/30c+#cc
c c 9c.2346c+c
'c(
c c 9c23#/6c+#cc
'c
c c 9c.6//23c+c
'c(
cGc
 c c 9c#/3.c


 c'c
c 9c3/c


 ccc&cc 9c2/c
@cc c 9c#//c
)
c
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'c  c9c#/Gc
 c 9c.2346c+c
cccc 9c32..0c+cc
c
c
c
c

c
c

c
c
D.ÿ.Dc Defekator
=

c c 
 c 
 c  c 
c  
c Fc  
c c

c  c 
c 
 c c  c 
c  
c c 
 c  c c


 cc
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Reaksi kimia.
%
 c c  c  c
  cc
 cc c
 c c
Fc ccc
c! 
c  "c
J ' ( &% &
%  &)
Tahap Proses Dihasilkan
&c 
  c cc 8 c c
&&c 

 cc<cFc  c 8 c<3!:."0c
c
%
 c

 c
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c
cproses defekasi.cc
3<!: "0cEc0 3:.cc99999®<3!:."0ccEc4 0 :c

J )    ,& )



  c =
c&c =
c&&c =
c&&&c
=

c 311/ccc 04//ccc #.1/ccc
c 30//ccc 060#ccc #./ccc
* 
c 3210cc3c #cc3c 04cc3c
% c
 c #1.cc c 0#4cc c 0.cc c
c c
Kebutuhan susu kapur
 c  c 9c#3.c +#///cc
 c
4c c
4cc)
c 9c 9c #3.///c+
c
#c 
c
c c 9cc0363c
c
,   cc+cc 9c#62.cc
c c 9c#62.c c
c

c
c

, cc
c
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 c9c @c ,
  c c  c
#///c
c

#62.c c
Oc0363c
cc9cc.20.c
+c
#///c c
.20.c
9c.20.c3+c
#///c c
c
)
c
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c9c#/.c
c  c
 c+cc
)
c c  c9cc

c
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.20.c
)
c c  c9cc
#/.c
c c9c.0c+c
c
Defekator I ( pH [.8)c
7  cccc 9c4c
c c
)
cc
c 9c00363.c +c
)
c
 cc
c 9c#/34/1c
c      
* 
cc c c c c     @
c 9c0#4#34cc3+c
* 
c c  cc c 9cc/2cc
c 9c/2c@cc.20.cc
+c
c 9c33/2c
+cc
c 9cc33/2c3+c
* 
ccc c
c=

c&c 9c0#4#34cc3+cEc33/2c3+c
c 9c0#6..3c3+c
c 9c342c3+
c
Volume Defekator yang dibutuhkan 9c4c
c@c342c3+
cc
c 9cÿG.94ÿ mD c

c
c

Defekator II ( pH 8.G )c
7  ccc 9c0c
c
* 
cc
 c=
c&c 9c0#6..3c3+c
* 
c c  cc c 9cc.20.c
+cc33/2c
+c
c 9c#.#2c
+c
c 9c#.#2c3+c
* 
c c

ccc 9c0#6..3c3+cEc#.#2c3+c
c 9c00/14c3+c9c341#3+
c
Volume Defekator yang dibutuhkan 9c0c
c@c341#c3+
cc
c 9c2340 mD c
Defekator III (pH 9.5)
7  ccc 9c/.c
c
* 
cc
 c

c&&c 9c00/14c3+c
* 
ccc c

c&&&c 9c00/14cc3+c
c 9c341#c3+
c
* 
c=

c&&&cc
 c 9c/.cc
c@c341#c3+
c
c 9c#.2c3c
D.ÿ.4c Pembuatan susu kapur
=c 
c
 c c  c 
 c c 
 c c  c<!: "0c $ c

  c c  c c 
 c 
 
c c  c  c
 c c
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 cc
c  c, cc
  cc
c c
 c
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c <:c =c
 c  c  c
!
 c  c  "c  c  c 


c  c c  c  c  c  c

c
 c c c  c c ! c #0//c /<"c
c 
c
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c c  c
c  
c c  
c
c
 c c
c Ec  c
c c <<:3c99999999®c<:cEc<:0ccc
=c
 c
c
c  c c
cc   cc
 c
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c  c c  c c  c 
  c 
c c  c

c
c



c   c ,
c
c 
 c c  c
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 c 
c  c

c
%
 c

 c c c
c
 c c
<:cEc 0 :c99999999®c<!: "0cEc  c
=c

 c c  cc  cc
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c4cc
/
)
c1#/c!  c  c 
c

c  "c  c

c c  c  c


 ccc
 c c c  c
 c + c  cc

 ccc
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c c
c
  c  cc


cFc
c<!: "cc
 ccc c
 c
c<EEcc: c
c c <EEc  c 

 c c 
c  
c c 

 c c c


 c
=cc c
c c c
c c 9cc#//ccc


c c 9cc#3//ccc
D 
c c 9cc41cccccc
 c c c 9cc1c+c
c
c ) c
 c c#/cFc#0c)
cccccc®c c
 c c4c)
c


c c 9cc///ccc c 9cc3///ccc
c c 9cc#///ccc c 9cc#///ccc
3
D 
c c 9cc#/cccccc c c 9cc2cccccccc3 c
 c
 c 9cc.c+
c c 9cc1c+c
c
c c
c c
c c 9cc.//cccc

cc c 9cc//cccccc
  c c c 9cc00cccccc0c
c
c
c
c
c

c
c

D.ÿ.4c Peralatan pembuatan susu kapur


#c c
c
c 
 c 
c c   c c  c c   c c  c

  c 
 c
 c c  c c c
c  c c 
 c
 ccc
c

 c cc
ccccc

 c
c Fc
c

c 
  c
c
 c c 
  c
 c  cc c
 c  cc
cc
c
 c c
<:cEc 0 :c9999®c<!: "0cEc  c
c  c
 c c c
c
c

c<EEc c
c
c c
c


c c c

c
c c 
  c
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0c c c  c
$ c 
  c cFc c c
 cc c
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c c  c
c  c
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c  c  c

c 

c
c
  c c
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3c 
c c c  c
 c  c c  c
  c  c 
c 
  c
c  c c  c c

  c
c
 c,
 c  c
c
c
c c  cc   c

 c
D.ÿ.5c Pemanas II
C  c
 c
  cc&&cc c
ßc (
 c  cc c c  c 
c

 c
ßc 
c
 c &&c  c 
c 
c

 c c c 
c

c
!C c  c +c
@ 
"c c 

 c c  c 
 c 
c


 c 
cc
 c
 c!"c
ßc ,c

 
c#/c/<c
c
c
c
c
c

c
c

J )"  J& %  (


%
'c 5c!S"c Uc  c
 c!"c c  c!"c -c  c
#c #4/c 33+34c 344c 360c
0c #4/c 33+34c 344c 360c
3c 3#/c 33+34c 2//c /c
.c 0#/c 33+34c 366/c .30c
c 0#/c 33+34c 366/c .30c
4c 0#/c 33+34c 366/c .30c
c
D.ÿ.5 Pre Flock Towerc
)
c

c 
  c  c 

  c  c Fc  c c c  c Fc  c c

 c
  cc c
 c 
c

 c
J )!    -,.&J/)
ccc
  c $c
- c ccccccc#ccccc c
=

c c06//cccccc
c c3#//cccccc
* 
c ##///ccccc3c
=

c  c +
 c cc.//ccccccc

c 
 c
c
c 
 c  c
c
c

c
(
  cc
c c

c.c-c c
cc41c
.#14cc!#cc0"c
5  c
c
c

c 9c
5c
=cc #c  cc c 
c
cc 9c #/c/<c
0c  cc
 c 
c
cc 9c #/0c/<c
c 5c  c
c c  c#/0c/<c 9c 324c
c
'c

c 9c 341#c 3+c
.#14c@c341#c@c3c
5  c
c
c

c 9c
324c c
9c //14c 3+c c
c 9c 0c 3+c c
c c

c
c

c
c c =
cccc 9cc341#c3+
c
c c - c  cc 9cc#cccccccccc
c c
c c * 
c   cc 9cc
ccc@cc  cc
c c c 9cc341#c3+
cc@cc#cc
c
c c c 9cc341ccccc3c
c c * 
c

c 9cc##cccccccc3c
c

D.ÿ.[c Pengendapan
c c 

 c 
  c 
c
 c   c Fc   c
 c  c

 c 

 c c  c
c D
 c 
 c )c
 c 8 c c

 c)c
c
ccc c

 c
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c
c+c
c
cc c
c* c)cc/1cFc#0c
  c
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c
cc
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cc
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c  c
c c c

c
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%c* cC
c  c   ccc  c
cc
c c
c
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c

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cc<
c
c ,

c

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 0 !á # l á 0 "
c c  c
#1
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c *cc9cc

c

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c cccc9cc

cD cc 09cc
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c =cc9cc

c
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c $ c 
  c *c c   c  c +c  
c c
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c c
c
c
c
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c
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c =c !

c
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c  c  c c c c 

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c=c c c
c #c +c 
 
c
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c
c
 
cc
c 0c+c
 
cc  c 
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c   c#cc
c
c0cc
c#cc
c c c
c


c
c Wc!D   "c c
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c
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c C ccc

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c
ccc c D
c
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c




J )$    (  0 ()

  c ,

c

c 
cc<
c
- c cccccccc#cccc c
=

c #0///ccccc
c cc3.//ccccc
* 
c cccc31.cccc3c
c c
ccccccccccc
Perhitungan kapasitas
=
cc

c 9cc341#3+
c
c - c  cc 9cc./cccccccc
c c
c * 
c   cc 9cc
ccc@cc  cc
c c c 9cc341#c3+
cc@cc./c
c
c c c 9cc#.20.cccc3c
c * 
c

c 9cc31.ccccc3c
c c

c
c

D.ÿ.7c Operasional Single Tray Clarifier


c

 c  c 
c c <
c c 
c 
  c 
 c 
 c 
c
 c
 c cFc cc
 cc c c
c  c0cFc3c
c  c 


c
 c
c

 c 
c 
c ,
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c

 c c  c 

 c
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c  c 
c c
c cc
 c
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 c
c  c 
c

 c
 c c 
  c c c 
  c
c
 c c c
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c%c* cC
c
c
D.ÿ.7.a Pengendalian proses Single Tray Clarifier
c

c

 cc c c

c
ccc c
c (

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ccc c
c   cccc
c (
c  cc c
c c
c
 c  cc c
  c
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cccc
c

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c (

 c cc c
c
c c
c
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 c 
c

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c 
c  c
c  c  c3c c 
 c/0cGc

c  c
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c
c
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cc c
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c

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c
D.ÿ.8c Penyediaan flokulan

 cc
 c c  cc
  c c
#c 'c
c
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0c 'c cc c
c
3c 7  c
c c
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( c cFc cc
c c  c


c

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c

 c c
#c (


cD   c
c
  c
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 c
 c&&c
0c (


c c 
c 
c 

 c  c >c c

c ! "c
?c c  c 

 c 
c Fc 
c
c 
c
 c 
c
c c
c
c

c
c

=cc c c c


#c =

c 9cc#6//ccc
0c c 9cc03//ccc
3c * 
c 9cc4ccccc3 c
.c - c 9cc#c c  c c c
c 9ccc0cc c  c c


c
c

,
  c cc
,   ccc 9c .2346c<=c
C c  c 9c 3c c
c

3c

  c cc 9c O.2346//c c
#//////c
9c #.0c +c
c 9c .2.c + c
c
c
c


 c c c.cc
cc
.2346//c
c c 3cc c c c

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 ›c  ›c ››c ››c ›c  ›c c  ›c ››c ›c
››c › c  ›c › ›c  ›c ›c ››c 
1
c

›c››cc››cc››c ›c › c›› c
G c V›››
,› ››c c ›c ›c › ›c  ›c c <%c
c › c c › c
  c ››c › c  c  ›c  ›c  ›c ››c
› c ››c  ›c ›c #›c c  ›c ›c '››c 
 c
c
 ›c ›c › c  ››c
c '


c  ›c  ›c
›c c›c › ›c› ›c› ››c›c ›c
-››c› c cc › › c››c c› c››c
c

›c › c› c ›c››c››c››cc c ›c
› c ›› c # ›c › ›c ›c ››c ››c  ›c ››c ›c
c 0›c  ›c › c ›c ››c ? 
› c  c  ›c
 ›c
 c››c

 c
c  c 

 c $c c  c 
 c 
c
c
 ccc
=cc
c
 c#.c  c
c
cc

 c
 c 
 c !#3c  "c c 
c $c !#c  "c 
c
 c


 c cc
c
c
c
c
c
c

#2#c
c
c

c =c
cc
›››
a››
  
#c› ››cc
c <c 1c <%c
››c ›c› ››c›cc c 1c 3c
#c›c
cc <%c 1c 9c
=c
 
c c c

c*c#4c +c3#c- c0//1c
c
c ›
›

ßc ›c › ›c››c'


c ›c  ›c ›cc
› c,››c› ›c › c› ››c› ›c› ››c ›c›c


c›c›c ›c›››c ›c›c ›c '››c
›c›c  ›c

 ›c› cc›››c›› c
ßc )››c.›c› c  ›c c››c›› c› c››c
 ›› c

› c ›c›c›› cc››c››c


› c
c

c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c

#20c
c
c

BAB VI
STASIUN PEMUTARAN

[.G.c Pemanasan masakan dan percampuran


(  c c  c
c  c c 
c
c D   c
  c c c c  c 
  c 
c 
c  +c 

c c c
c  c   cc c
c
c c 
c c

 c
 c  c  cc
 c c  c  cÔc!  c
  +
 "c c D   c   c   c
 c  c  c

c 
 c  c c Ôc 
c  c 

c  c 
  c , c

 c  c c  c     
 c  c  c
   c  cc
 cccc  cccc
c3c!"c
  c
#c  c
 c
0c  cc

  +cc  c!*:&="c
3c  cc


c c, c
<c
 c
ccc
 c
cc   c

 c

c c c !
"c  c  c  c
 c 
 c c c c
, c c c
c

c cc  c
 c
 c c, c

c  c  c c , c c 


c c c c 
c c

  c $ c 

  c
 c c c c  +c
 c 
c c
 c
c 
c

c c  c c



c  c 
cc c 
 c c  c c 


c  c

c c c   c c c  c 
c  c #/Gc  c - c c
c c 
 c  c 

 c
 c 
 c  c
 c  c 

 c  c  c ,
c c
c  c  c
 c c c c!  "c ccc  c  c
  cc
cc c  c
c  c c c  cc c
cc

#23c
c
c

c
c
[.ÿ. c Pemutaran c

 c 
   

 c  c  c c  c  c
!  "c 
c  c c
 c c c P Bc c 
c

c
c
c 
c
 cc
 c cc c 
c
 c c 
 c c c  c c 
c 
 c c   c
8c c c241c #614cc
Fc = m * įÿ * r
,

c cccccc 9cc c
[cc 9cc

cc!

c  "c
ccccccc 9cccFcc 
c
Ccccc 9cc
 c
 c c c 

 c  c  c  c 
c c c c  c
 c
 c 

c c )
c    c 
c  c 
 c

c

c =

c c % c 
  c  c c 

 c c

cc
c

 c
C cFc cc

 c 
c
 c c
ßc $ cc
c  c
ßc *   c c c
ßc 
 c
ßc ,

c c

#2.c
c
c

[.ÿ.G Proses pemutaran



c
 c, cc c c
ccc c c
#c  c
c  c c 
c  c  c c  c  c
 c

c  cc cc
 c
0c  c
 c  cccc c  c c
 c

c


c  cc c
3c  c
c
 c  c c 


c c 
  c  c !"c
  c 
c c 
 c  c 

 c


c  c

  c
c
[.ÿ.ÿ Operasi pemutaranc
:
 c
 c  c 
 c 
c c   c  c  c c

 c
c  c
c

 c c:
 c
 c 
 c

 c c
c

 c


c c
 c c

 c  cc


c

 cc  c
 c! c3//"c c
 c 

 c

c   c c c 
c  c 
c
c
c
ccc


c
  c 
c
c
G.c Hal ± hal yang berpengaruh terhadap pemutaranc
G. ‰aktu putar
c 7  c c c 

 c  c 
c c   c c 

c
 c 
c c c

c  c
c
 c  c

c c
 c 
 c 
 c   c c 
 c c


c
ÿ. Suhu dan Rpm
  c
c  c  c 

 c 
 c 
c c 
c

 c D   c c  c c 

 c 
c  c  c


c 
c
c

#2c
c
c

D. Bahan pencampur
ic )c
 c  c 
 c  c c 
 c 
c

c c c   c  c 


 c   c c  c
 c
c c
cc
 cc c c
ic 
c   c  c 
  c 
c Fc 
c
c c


c c c  c
 c
c
 c
c
 c  c c
 c c c
 c  c 
c c c

 c
ic  c cc c&c c
cc  cc@
ccc

 c  c  cc c


c c c(@
c
 c
c  c  c 
  c 
c   c 
c c 
c ,
 c  c 
 c

c

cc

c!#c c0"c
ic =
c 
 c  c c c c  c c @
c  c 
  c

c c  c   c c 
c   c   c c c  c

 c
 c & c  c 
  c
c c 
c c
@
c c#/c
c
4. Penyetuman


 c
  c  c

 c
  c
c
c
 c  c
c c c  c 


c c  c
c  c  c 


c


c c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c

#24c
c
c

Operasional Puteran High Grade Fugal (HGF)



 c   c c  c  c c
c   c 
 c
c
 c
  c  cc
 c
 c  c
  c 
c
<c
 c c
#c  c
 c
 
c  c c
c  c

 c c  c c  c


 c 
c 
c c c
 c 
c c  c

 c
cc

c c c#/c c  c
 c
 c  c

c  c
c 
c  c

c 

 c  c
  c

  cc c cc c
0c  c

cc
c c

c c c c
 c, c
ccc c


c 
  c  c  c
 c 
c
 c c
 c
c c  c
3c  c
  c
c  c c

c c   c  c c /c  c  c

 c

 c 
c

c  c
   c c,
 c  c

 c

  c
c c 
c  c
c   c
 c c
c c  c

 c
c
c
[.ÿ.G.c Operasional Low Grade Fugal (LGF) kontinyu
c 5c 
c C c   c  c 
 c   c c <c c =c c
 c
c  c(  cc c  c c cc
 c c 

c
(  c <c  c  c c 
 c   c =c  c  c c 
 c

c  c 
  c 

c c
 c
 c  c 
  c 
c

  c c=0c
c
ccccc

#22c
c
c

[.ÿ.ÿ.c Proses pemutaran :


#c  
cc
c  c c  c c  c
0c 
 c c 
c 
 c c
 c c 
c 
c


 c c  c
c 
 c  c
c  
c c
! "c <c %c c =0c 
  c c  c
 c c 
c =#c

c c
c
  ccc
3c =
c c c 
 c c  c
c c +c 
c  c
 c  c  c 
c
 c c 

 c 
  c
c  c  c

 c c
 c
 c c
  c  c

 c
c
c
=cc 
c High Grade Fugal ( Diskontinyu )c
G.c 
cc c c 9cc)c#2/
- c c c 9cc3cc c
=

c
c c 9cc#./ccc

 c  c 9cc#2/cc cc
 c  c 9cc#/1/cc c

 cc c 9cc0c c  c 
c#c
ccccc c c ccccc#c c  c 
c0c
0c 
cc c c 9cc)(cc4/c
cccccc- c c c 9cc4ccccccc c
cccccc,   cc c 9cc063ccc< cc!c.c c"c
c c c c 9cc034ccc< cc!c0c c"c
cccccc=

c
c c 9cc#3/cc
cccccc
c c 9cc1//cccc
ccccc5 c cc 9cc/4ccc
ccccc5 c c c 9cc#4c@c#4cccccc
ccccc$ c cc 9cc361/c@c266cc
ccccc$ c c c 9cc363/c@c266cc

#21c
c
c

ccccc- c c c 9cc##c+cc


ccccc c cc 9cc#//c c
ccccc
 cc c 9ccc.c c  c 
c#c
c c c c 9ccc0c c  c 
c0c
3c 
cc c c 9c
c*c ##//c
'c
c c 9c c64#3#c
- c c c 9c3c
 c c c 9c6//c
 c@c c 9c#3//c% c
(@c
 c c 9c#.c +3c

 c c 9c 
c cc  c c
c

c
Data alat Low Grade Fugalc( Kontinyu )
#c 
cc c c 9c)(ccc,c1/cc
ccccccc- c c cccc 9c#/ccc c
ccccccc,   c c cccccccccccc9cc0#3ccc< c
ccccccc=

c
c c 9cc#2/cc
ccccccc=

c
ccccc9cc1/cccc
cccccccc
c c 9cc6/cccc
ccccccc5 c cccc9cc/4c@c00cc
ccccccc5 c c c 9ccc@ccccccc
cccccccc  c c 9cc00//c c
cccccccc 
 c c 9cc.c c  c  c<c
c c c c cccc3c c  c  c=#c
c c c c cccc3c c  c  c=0c

#26c
c
c

0c 
cc c ccccccccccccc9cc)(cc,c03//c
- c c c 9ccccc3cc c c
=

c
c ccccccccccccc9cc#3//ccc
 c  c 9cc0///cc c

 c c 9cc#c c  c  c<c
c c c c ccccc0c c  c  c=#c
3c 'ccc c 9cc)
cc

cc c 9cc(
c
c*c#00/c
- cc c 9ccc3ccccc c
 c c 9cc0///c c
 c  c 9cc0///c c
(@c  c
 c 9cc#.ccc +3 c

 c c 9ccc#c c  c 
c  c<c
c c c c ccccc#c c  c 
c  c=#c
ccccc#c c  c 
c  cc
c  
ccc 9c
c 
c
c

cc c c 9c c62#26c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c

#1/c
c
c

[.ÿ.D Hal khusus dan Cara Mengatasi


#c  c c
 c
 c c
c
 c 
c  c 
c
 c 
c 
c
 c c c
 c  c 
c c
  c

 c c  c c 
 c 

c 
c  c


 c c

 c  +  c
0c c c
cc
 c 
c c
c  c  c c cc  c  c
c 
c  c c
c
c   c 
cc ,c
c
$ c  c  c 
c c   c 
c    c
 c
  c

cc c c c 
c  c  cc

c

 c   c 
 c   c 
c c  c  c 
   c
D   cc c
 c
cc
 cc

c
3c 
c
 c c  c  cc01c
 cc
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c

#1#c
c
c

PENYELESAIAN DAN GUDANG


c 


c 
  c  c  c c  c 
c  c
 

 c
 cc c
c c
 c cc
  c
 cc

 c
 cc  c c
c
 cc c
c =c 
c c c c
 c  cc/cFc2/cÔ<c
c
c c /c Fc 0Gc
c 
 c

c c c

c  c
 c

 c  c

 c 
 c c  c 
c
  c  c
 c
c c c  
cc c c

c

 c
$ c c  c  c 
c
  c c 
c c


 c, c

 c  cc c
 c
c (
  c c  c ccc, c
ccc  c
!C="cc  c
cc
c  c c
á  
Ô 
 
 

cc  c c
 cc cccGc c c
( cccC=c cc  c c c
c
c Gc c9c661/c
c c@c9c6664c
Ô9c #//cGc c
c #//ccGc
c
cccccccc9c #//cFc6664c
c #//cFc661/c
cccccccc9c /0c
- cC=c
cc/3c cc  c c
c


c


c c 
c 
  c c c 
 c c  c
c  c

cFc
c
c c ccc c c
cc  cc


 c c  c

#10c
c
c

  c

c c
c (

cGcc c cc/#cGc
c (
c  c c
c
 +
 c
c (

c
 c  
+ c

c cc c c cc


c ,c#c9c/#/cGc
c ,c0c9c/#cGc
c ,c3c9c/0/cGc

c
:
 c

c
=c 
c  c  c   c
c c c c  c
c

c  c
! c 
"c  c 
c 
  c 
c c 
  c  c 
 c
c  c  c  c c 
c 
 c c  c 
c  c c 1/c Ô<c

 c c c 
c 
 c
c  c 
 c 
c 
 c c
c
 cc
 c
 cc c c
c c
 c c
c  c 
 c  c 
 c   c  c
 c c c 
c c ./c Ô<c c .c Ô<c

 c  c

c  c    c c  c  c  c  c
c  c  c  c  c  c
c c 
c c -c  c
c
cc
 c
 c
c
c/c c
c
=cc

c c! c=
"c c

c c c 9c 
c
c
c
c ,   c c 9c0c+c
c =c
c c 9c#///c@c#.1/cc
c <c
c c 9c#//c@c#.1/cc
c 8(c c c 9c2c c+c31/c*c+c/c >c
c

#13c
c
c

c
 c c
c )
c

cc9c1/cÔ<cFc    c c../c3+
c9c#c c
c )
c

cc9c1/cÔ<cFc    c c3#1c3+
c9c#c c
c )
c

cc9c1/cÔ<cFc    c c0.6c3+
c9c#c c
c )
c
  c
 ccccccccFc    c c23c3+
c9c#c c
c
,   cc

c! c
"c c
c  cGc
 c   c2/3cGc c c
,   c c=
c9c 0c
+cc@c#//cGc
c 2/3cGc
ccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc9c 3c<=c
ccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc9c 10/c<=c
c c

Penyimpanan
 c  c c c 
 c c > c 
c 
c /c c
 c
  cc c
 c
c
,  c c c c
c  c c   c c  c
 c  c   c  c

 
 c  c cc c  c
c
c c c c ccc c
c  c c
cc
 c! cc@c#G"c
c 7c c c
c c3&c
c $ c, c

 c c!/6#0c"c
c )
c
 c c  c c/c c

c , c  c c c
cc cc
c c

#1.c
c
c

c
,   c c c
 c c
c 
 c2c!  "c c  c 
 +
 c c
 cc  c c
 c  cc    c

c
c
c
c
c
=c c c
 c c 5
c 5  c ,   c
!"c !"c !0"c c  c
c 4/4c .//c 0.//c #//c 0/////c
)c 6/c .//c 0.//c #//c 0/////c
<c 4/#c 0/./c #0//c /c #/////c
=c #//./c 0/./c 0///c 6/c #1////c
8c ///c 3///c #//c 2/c #.////c
Cc ///c 3///c #//c 4/c #0////c
)
 c 4///c 0///c #0//c 4/c #0////c
c


 c,  c c


 c  c c  c c c
c )
c-
 c) c)-)ccccc ccc/6#0cc
c ,cc@ccccccccc ccc#Gc
c 7cccccccccccccccccccccccccc ccc cc&<$(X1/c

c
c

#1c
c
c

c c c


 c c cc c c
c   cc c c./cÔ<c
c ,

c c c2Gc
c , c c c
#c  c cc
0c =c  cc c

 c c c
3c 5c  cc c

 cc
c   c c c c

c =
c c
c c
c =
  c


cc

c
c =
  cc
c
 c
c  c  cc c!cc
c "c c
#c )
cc
c c3/cc
0c  c
c
c c./cc
3c ) c  c
c c0/cc
.c 

+cc#c!  "c  c
c  +  cc

:
 c
 c
=cc c  cc
 c cc

 c c
c  c c
c c c c  c
c c c
 c
c c   c c c
#c 
 c  c c c
c 
 c cc+ c c
 c
c <c
 c c

 c  c  c c 
c 
c  c #c #c c c
c
c  c
 c3c!"c cc!"c c3c!"c

#14c
c
c

 c  c 
  c c c !"c  c 
c 
c
c
./.c  c
 c c
#"c c  c
c3c  c
  c
0"c =  c c3c  c
  cc  c
c
3"c 

c  c &c
 c   c  c 
 c 
c c

 cc c

c
0c 
 c  c c
c  c  c 
 c  c
c
 c  c  c  c
 c
cc c
c   cc c c./cÔ<c
c ,

c c c2Gc
c - c c 

c  c

c 
  c c  c   c
  
cc c

 c
 c

c
3c   c c
   c c
 c c
c 
  c  c  c c   c  c c  c  c
 c 
 c c
c  c c

 c  c  c
 c
 c 
c
 c  c 
c
  c c
$,c
 c
  cc
c
 c c
cc


c c  c  c   c  c c  c  c

 c c > c c &
c
 c  c

c
  c   c
c c
 c
c $,c  c
  c
c  c

#12c
c
c

c
c
c 
c,
 c

c
 c  c 
c c =:c !=
D
c :
"c  c

c 
c c 

 c c   c 
c =
 c

 c!=
"c

c

 c  c  c  c
c =:c   c 
c

  c$,c,
c
c,
c$,cc  c

 c  c  c  c c =:c 
  c 
c 
c c

 c 
c
  c $,c ,
c 
c ,
c $,c c
  c

c

 c c c
c
c=:c
c
 c=:c c ccc
  
cc
c

 c  c c c
c c   c 
c c
$,c  c

 c

c cc
  c

c
c
c
cFc c, +
 ccc
 c
c 
c
 c c c

 c=:c c
c
  c  c!  c

"c
c  c   c <c 
 c
  c    c c  c


c
 c 
 c
c c

 c c  c 
c  c
 c 
c
 c  c 
c c 
 c  c  c c   c
c c  c 

 c 
c =
c 
 c 
 c  c

c c c  +
  c  c
c
c
c

#11c
c
c

BAB IX
ST. PEMBANGKIT TENAGA UAP

,

c  c c c
 c 
c  c c  c c   c


 c 
 c  c
c 

c $ c c
c c  c  c 
c

  c 
c
c  cc
c

 
c
cc
 c4c!
"c c

cc
cc c
#c ,

c; 
c    c41c+c
0c ,

c c
c    c3/c+c
3c ,

c('c3c!cc"c c  c    c#0c+c
.c ,

c7

c    c4/c+cc
c =c

 c c   c c c !"c c

c 
c
   cc#3.c+c,
cc c

c

 c

 c
c 
cc
 c c   c  c c 
c 

c  c    c
c 
c


 c c c  c c
cc 
c$ c

 c c  c
 c c
c
c#2c +0c c

 c30c /<c
 c  c 
c
  c  c
 cc
 cc c

 c
c
c/1c +0c
c 

 c @c #0/c c /<c $ c c
c c 
c  c  c
cc

c c
 c  c  c

c  c  c c  c 
 c 
c


 c c  c c c

cc
 c

cc c
c
8.G.Manajemen Air
8.G.G.c Air Pengisi Ketel
c
 c

c c   c c c 
c  c c 
 c c c

 c c  c 
 c c c   c
c
 c c 
c

c c
 c

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