Data Collection

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Research tool
Date__ May, 2018
Name of interviewer__________________________________________________
Profession ___________________________Qualification _____________________
Workplace_________________________________________________________
Contact no___________________________ NIC Number:----------------------------------
The survey questionnaire is composed of 50 words which are repeated twice and takes about 4 to
5 minutes to read it. Please read (vertically) every word loudly but in natural way and must keep
little gap between two words. Thank you for your time and effort.
A LIST OF ISOLATED WORDS
Thank Arithmetic Weather Birth Anything

Thank Arithmetic Weather Birth Anything
Warmth Feather Thief Another Thick
Warmth Feather Thief Another Thick
Mother Thin Youth They This
Mother Thin Youth They This
Than Mathematics Neither Myth Bather
Than Mathematics Neither Myth Bather
Author Mouth Them That Bathe
Author Mouth Them That Bathe
Think Clothe Worthy Earth Method
Think Clothe Worthy Earth Method
With Tithe Thus Though There
With Tithe Thus Though There
Bath Month Tooth Zenith South
Bath Month Tooth Zenith South
Northern Through Throat Three Thousand
Northern Through Throat Three Thousand
Father Gather Leather Rather Brother
Father Gather Leather Rather Brother
Participant sign:-----------------------------
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SPEECH DIFFERENCES IN ARTICULATING OF DENTAL FRICATIVES IN PAKISTANI

ENGLISH SPEAKERS AND STANDARD ENGLISH SPEAKERS
Name of interviewer: Qualification:---------------------------
Profession:--------------------------------Workplace:---------------------------------------------
Transcribe sheet
Sr. Word with Position Standard Pakistani Place of Place of

no target sound of target English English Articulation articulation
sound Speakers Speakers (L2) (L1)
(L2) (L1)
1 Thank Initial /ɵæɳk/
2 Warmth Final /w ɔ:mɵ/
3 Mother Middle /mʌðə/
4 Than Initial / ðən/
5 Author Middle / ɔ:ɵə/
6 Think Initial /ɵɪɳk/
7 With Final /wɪð/
8 Bath Final /beɪɵ/
9 North Final / nɔ:ɵ/
10 Father Middle /fa:ðə/
11 Arithmatic Middle /ərɪɵmətɪk/
12 Feather Middle /feðə/
13 Thin Initial /ɵɪn/
14 Mathematics Middle /mæɵəmætɪks/
15 Mouth Final /məʊɵ/

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16 Clothe Final /klɔ:ð/
17 Tithe Final / taɪð/
18 Month Final /mʌɵ/
19 Through Initial /ɵru:/
20 Gather Middle /gæðə/
21 Weather Middle /weðə/
22 Thief Initial /ɵɪ:f/
23 Youth Final / ju:ɵ/
24 Neither Middle /naɪðə/
25 Them Initial /ðəm/
26 Worthy Final /wɜːðɪ/
27 Thus Initial / ðʌs/
28 Tooth Final /tu: ɵ/
29 Throat Initial /ɵrəʊt/
30 Leather Middle /leðə/
31 Birth Final /bɜ:ɵ/
32 Another Middle /ənʌðə/
33 They Initial / ðeɪ/
34 Myth Final /mɪɵ/
35 That Initial / ðæt/
36 Earth Final /ɜ:ɵ/
37 Though Initial / ðəʊ/

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38 Zenith Final /zenɪɵ/
39 Three Initial /ɵri/
40 Rather Middle /ra:ðə/
41 Anything Middle /enɪɵɳ/
42 Thick Initial /ɵɪk/
43 This Initial / ðɪs/
44 Bather Middle /beɪðə/
45 Bathe Middle /beɪð
46 Method Initial /meɵəd/
47 There Initial /ðeə/
48 South Final /saʊɵ/
49 Thousand initial /ɵaʊznd/
50 Brother Middle /brʌðə/

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Khan, W. A. (2015) The Pronunciation Problems Faced by Saudi EFL Learners at Secondary
Schools. Education and Linguistics Research. Taibah University KSA.
Khan, A., Wasim, S. & Inayatullah, (2017). Articulation of English consonants vowels and
Diphthongs by Pashto Speakers in Khber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. International journal of
English Linguistic;Vol. 7,No.5.
Lu, Y. A. (2008). Adaptation of English interdental fricatives by speakers of Taiwan Mandarin.

Paper presented at 18th International Congress of Linguists (CIL 18),KoreaUniversity.Retrieved
from http://www.nyu.edu/gsas/dept/ lingu/
Elkhair, M. I. H. (2014). Pronunciation Problems: A Case Study of English Language Students at

Sudan University of Science and Technology. English Language and Literature Studies, 4.
Canadian Center of Science and Education .
Menyuk, P. (1968). The role of distinctive features in children’s acquisition of phonology.

Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 11, 138-146. https://doi.org/10.1044/jshr.1101.138
Speech problems in Articulating dental fricatives, central and back open vowels (/ə/, /ɒ/ ) and
closing diphthongs ( /eɪ/, /əʊ/ ) of Pakistani English Speakers
Research tool (transcription)
Date: 28 May, 2018

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Name: Akbar Ali Qualification: MA (Eng. Literature)

Profession: Teacher (SST Eng.) Workplace: Peer Kot Sadhana (Jhang)
/ɵ/ Think Thank Thief Thin Thick

RP /ɵɪɳk/ /ɵæɳk/ /ɵɪ:f/ /ɵɪn/ /ɵɪk/
PES / t̪ ʰiɳk / / t̪ ʰa:k / / t̪ ʰi:f/ / t̪ ʰɪn / / t̪ ʰɪk/
/ð/ Than That Them They This

RP / ðən/ / ðæt / / ðəm/ / ðeɪ/ / ðɪs/
PES / d̪æn / / d̪æt / / d̪em / / d̪e: / / d̪ɪs /
/ə/ Awake Agree Ability About Advise

RP /əweɪ k/ /əgrɪ:/ /əbiliti/ / əbəʊt/ /ədvaɪz/
PES /a:ve:k/ / a:gri/ /ebɪlityi/ /a:baot / /edva:ɪz /
/ɒ/ Top Not Body Copy Doctor

RP /tɒp/ /nɒt/ /bɒdi/ /kɒpi/ /dɒktə/
PES /tãp / /nãt / /Bo:di/ /Ko:pi/ /Da:ktər/
/eɪ/ Game April Later Date Page

RP /geɪm/ /eɪprɪl/ /leɪtə/ /deɪt/ /peɪdʒ /
PES /ge:m/ /e:prɪl/ /le:tər/ /De:t/ /pe:dʒ /
/əʊ/ Road Phone Coach Post Home

RP /Rəʊd/ /fəʊn/ /kəʊt ʃ / /pəʊst/ /həʊm/
PES /ro:d/ /fo͂:n/ /ko:t ʃ / /po:st/ /ho͂:m/
(2)
Date: 28 May, 2018

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Name: Hafiza Sobia Nawaz Qualification: BS (hons)
Profession: Student (Eng) Workplace: Lahore College for Women University (Jhang)

PES / t̪ ʰiɳk / / t̪ ʰæɳk / /ðɪf/ / t̪ ʰɪn / / t̪ ʰɪk/

PES / d̪æn / / d̪æt/ / d̪em / / d̪e: / / d̪ɪs /

PES /a:ve:k/ / a:gri/ /ebe:lityi/ /a:baʊt / /edva:ɪz /

PES / top / /not / /Bo:di/ /Ko:pi/ /Do:ktər/

PES /ge:m/ /e:prɪl /le:tər/ /De:t/ /pe:dʒ /

RP /Rəʊd/ /fəʊn/ / kəʊt ʃ/ /pəʊst/ /həʊm/
PES /ro:d/ /fo:n/ /ko:tʃ/ /po:st/ /ho:m/
(3)
Date: 28 May, 2018

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Name: Aftab Ahmad Qualification: MA (English)
Profession: Head Teacher ( Eng) Workplace: GES Satellite Town (Jhang)

PES / t̪ ʰiɳk / / t̪ ʰæɳk / / t̪ ʰɪ:f/ / t̪ ʰɪn / / t̪ ʰɪk/


PES /a:ve:k/ / əgri/ /ebi:liti/ /əba:t / /ədva:ɪz /

PES / top / /not / /Bo:di/ /Ko:pi/ /Do:ktər/

RP /geɪm/ /eɪprɪl/ /leɪtə/ /deɪt/ /peɪdʒ/
PES /ge:m/ /e:prɪl /le:tər/ /Det/ /pædʒ /

PES /ro:d/ /fo͂:n/ /ka: tʃ / /po:st/ /ho:m/
(4)
Date: 28 May, 2018

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Name: Rida Zahra Naeem Qualification: MA English (literature)
Profession: Student ( English) Workplace: Lahore College for Women University

(Jhang)

PES / t̪ ʰiɳk / / t̪ ʰæɳk / / t̪ ʰɪ:f/ / t̪ ʰɪn / / t̪ ʰɪk/


PES /a:ve:k/ / ə:gri/ /əbilit / /əbaʊt / /ədva:ɪz /

PES / top / /not / /Bo:di/ /Ka:pi/ /Da:ktər/

RP /geɪm/ /eɪprɪl/ /leɪtə/ /deɪt/ /peɪdʒ/
PES /ge:m/ /e:prɪl /le:tər/ /De:t/ /pe:dʒ /

PES /ro:d/ /fo:n/ /ko:t tʃ/ /po:st/ /ho:m/
(5)
Date: 28 May, 2018
Name: Qamar Farooq Khan Qualification: BS

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Profession: Student ( Eng) Workplace: Faran College Jhang)

PES / t̪ ʰiɳk / / t̪ ʰ æɳk / / t̪ ʰɪ:f/ / t̪ ʰɪn / / t̪ ʰɪk/


PES /eve:k/ / egri/ /ebiliti/ /əbaʊt / / ʌdvaɪz /

PES / tãp / /nãt/ /Bo:di/ /Ko:pi/ /Do:ktər/

PES /gæm/ /e:prɪl /lætər/ /Dæt/ /pæd͡ʒ /

PES /ro:d/ /fo͂:n/ /ko:𝑡ʃ/ /po:st/ /ho͂:m/
(6)
Date: 28 May, 2018
Name: Muhammad Iqbal Shahzad Qualification: BS (hons)

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Profession: Assistant professor (Eng) Workplace: Govt. Post Graduate College Jhang

PES / t̪ ʰiɳk / / t̪ ʰæɳk / / t̪ ʰɪf/ / t̪ ʰɪn / / t̪ ʰɪk/

PES / d̪æn / / d̪æt / / d̪em / / d̪e:/ / d̪ɪs /

PES /a:ve:k/ / a:gri/ /ebe:lityi/ /a:baʊt / / ʌdva:ɪz /

PES / tãp / /nãt/ /Bo:di/ /Ko:pi/ /Do:ktər/

PES /ge:m/ /e:prɪl /le:tər/ /De:t/ /pe:d͡ʒ /

PES /ro:d/ /fo:n/ /ko:t ʃ / /po:st/ /ho:m/
(7)
Date: 28 May, 2018
Name: Ms. Monazza Bashir Qualification: MA English

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Profession: Teacher Workplace: Chenab College (Jhang)

PES / t̪ ʰiɳk / / t̪ ʰ æɳk / / t̪ ʰɪf/ / t̪ ʰɪn / / t̪ ʰɪk/

PES / d̪æn / / d̪æt/ / d̪em / / d̪e: / / d̪ɪs /

PES /a:ve:k/ / ʌgri/ /ebe:lityi/ /a:baʊt / /edva:ɪz /

PES / top / /not/ /Bo:di/ /Ka:pi/ /Da:ktər/

PES /ge:m/ /e:prɪl /le:tər/ /De:t/ /pæj/

PES /ro:d/ /fo͂:n/ /ko:t ʃ/ /p o:st/ /ho:m/
(8)
Date: 28 May, 2018
Name: Baber Abbas Qualification: MA English

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Profession: professor (Eng) Workplace: Govt. Post Graduate College Jhang

PES / t̪ ʰiɳk / / t̪ ʰ æɳk / / t̪ ʰɪf/ t̪ ʰɪn / / t̪ ʰɪk/


PES /a:ve:k/ / a:gri/ /ebe:lityi/ /ebaʊt / /edva:ɪz /

PES / tɒp / /nɒt/ /Bo:di/ /Ko:pi/ /Do:ktər/

PES /ge:m/ /e:prɪl /le:tər/ /De:t/ /pæd͡ʒ /
𝑓

PES /ro:d/ /fu͂:n/ /ko:t ʃ/ /po:st/ /ho͂:m/
Research tool transcription)
(9)
Date: 28 May, 2018
Name: Jamal Farooq Qualification: I.C.S

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Profession: Student ( I. M.S ) Workplace: Chenab College Jhang

PES / t̪ ʰiɳk / / t̪ ʰæɳk / / t̪ ʰɪf/ / t̪ ʰɪn / / t̪ ʰɪk/

RP /ðən/ / ðæt / / ðəm/ / ðeɪ/ / ðɪs/
PES / d̪æn/ / d̪æt/ / d̪em/ / d̪e:/ / d̪ɪs /

PES /e:ve:k/ / e:gri/ /ebelityi/ / əbaʊt / /edvaɪz /

PES / tãp / /nãt/ /Bo:di/ /Ka:pi/ /Do:ktər/

PES /gæm/ /eprɪl /lætər/ /dæt/ /pæd͡ʒ /

PES /ro:d/ /fo:n/ /ko:t ʃ / /po:st/ /ho:m/
(10)
Date: 28 May, 2018
Name: Naila Maheen Rai Qualification: BA (Education)

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Profession: Student (Education) Workplace: Lahore College for Women University

(Jhang)

PES / t̪ ʰiŋk / / t̪ ʰ æɳk / /ðɪ:f/ / t̪ ʰɪn / / t̪ ʰɪk/

PES / d̪æn / / d̪æt/ / d̪əm / / d̪e: / / d̪ɪs /

PES /a:ve:k/ / e:gri/ /ebe:lityi/ /əbaʊt / /edvaɪz /

PES / tãp / /nãt/ /Bo:di/ /Ko:pi/ /Da:ktər/

PES /ge:m/ /eprɪl /le:tər/ /Dæt/ /pæd͡ʒ /

PES /ro:d/ /f o͂:n/ /ko:t ʃ/ /po:st/ /h o͂:m/
Participants’ Data recording list
Sr. no Name of participants Status Recording no

1 Akbar Ali Teacher 015
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2 Hafiza Sobia Nawaz Student 011

3 Aftab Ahmad Teacher 013
4 Rida Zahra Naeem Student 010
5 Qamar Farooq Khan Student 023
6 Muhammad Iqbal Shahzad Teacher 017
7 Ms. Monazza Bashir Teacher 020
8 Baber Abbas Teacher 019
9 Jamal Farooq Student 021
1o Naila Maheen Rai Student 024

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Date__ May, 2018

Profession ___________________________Qualification _____________________

Contact no___________________________ NIC Number:----------------------------------

A LIST OF ISOLATED WORDS

Thank Arithmetic Weather Birth Anything

SPEECH DIFFERENCES IN ARTICULATING OF DENTAL FRICATIVES IN PAKISTANI

Name of interviewer: Qualification:---------------------------

Sr. Word with Position Standard Pakistani Place of Place of

2 Warmth Final /w ɔ:mɵ/

3 Mother Middle /mʌðə/

4 Than Initial / ðən/

5 Author Middle / ɔ:ɵə/

6 Think Initial /ɵɪɳk/

7 With Final /wɪð/

8 Bath Final /beɪɵ/

9 North Final / nɔ:ɵ/

10 Father Middle /fa:ðə/

11 Arithmatic Middle /ərɪɵmətɪk/

12 Feather Middle /feðə/

13 Thin Initial /ɵɪn/

14 Mathematics Middle /mæɵəmætɪks/

15 Mouth Final /məʊɵ/

16 Clothe Final /klɔ:ð/

17 Tithe Final / taɪð/

18 Month Final /mʌɵ/

19 Through Initial /ɵru:/

20 Gather Middle /gæðə/

21 Weather Middle /weðə/

22 Thief Initial /ɵɪ:f/

23 Youth Final / ju:ɵ/

24 Neither Middle /naɪðə/

25 Them Initial /ðəm/

26 Worthy Final /wɜːðɪ/

27 Thus Initial / ðʌs/

28 Tooth Final /tu: ɵ/

29 Throat Initial /ɵrəʊt/

30 Leather Middle /leðə/

31 Birth Final /bɜ:ɵ/

32 Another Middle /ənʌðə/

33 They Initial / ðeɪ/

34 Myth Final /mɪɵ/

35 That Initial / ðæt/

36 Earth Final /ɜ:ɵ/

37 Though Initial / ðəʊ/

38 Zenith Final /zenɪɵ/

39 Three Initial /ɵri/

40 Rather Middle /ra:ðə/

41 Anything Middle /enɪɵɳ/

42 Thick Initial /ɵɪk/

43 This Initial / ðɪs/

44 Bather Middle /beɪðə/

45 Bathe Middle /beɪð

46 Method Initial /meɵəd/

47 There Initial /ðeə/

48 South Final /saʊɵ/

49 Thousand initial /ɵaʊznd/

50 Brother Middle /brʌðə/

Lu, Y. A. (2008). Adaptation of English interdental fricatives by speakers of Taiwan Mandarin.

Elkhair, M. I. H. (2014). Pronunciation Problems: A Case Study of English Language Students at

Menyuk, P. (1968). The role of distinctive features in children’s acquisition of phonology.

Research tool (transcription)

Date: 28 May, 2018

Profession _______Qualification _