1. Desert is a very big area full of sand.

It is both hot and dry at the same time

because rain falls less than other part of the world. These make desert
becomes so difficult to travel through because people will need water
supplies, lots of food, and the ability to withstand hot temperature at daytime
and cold temperature at the nighttime.
2. Plus, mountains are also great barriers for civilizations to defend themselves
from invaders because mountains have got steep terrain and are really
dangerous to cross. It also takes people a lot of time and supplies to pass
through, so invaders will face a lot of difficulties when they meet mountains.
3. Sea is also a great defense. Apart from mainland, sea and ocean can reach
hundreds to thousands of kilometers to reach. So, it will take a lot of time to
travel. Plus, in order to travel by sea, there must be great naval technologies
such as big ships to carry armies or food supplies when a country want to
invade. Last of all, sea is unpredictable and a bad weather forecast can result
in a disaster for invaders.
4. By combining these ideas, we can see that such civilizations in desert had no
worry at all about invasion. So, they tend to think about the development of
their own unique culture and further develop their whole society.
5. To be clear, let’s take a look at the ancient Egyptian civilization. To the
south, there are mountain ranges. South it can be protected. To the west,
there lied the huge Sahara desert. And to the north there is a Mediterranean
Sea which protect the Egypt from European Invasion. By seeing these
barriers, no countries would want to invade Egypt because of its legacy, and
there was no incentives to invade in such harsh conditions.
6. To sum up, with all of these defenses, some other civilizations can get huge
geographical advantage in the form of protection.