You are on page 1of 147

J~JI;~ .

J ;,( J~ JI; i:t,;; ~


~
~t:f~
':'
~J
,
~i;J~ :[Y'~Wi
J~ JI; ~~
{ t.:
('' ~?f ,;;1 (WJ ' i:1-'J,? ~1
...
.
J~ o.k. t" oP~':' ~ J-- ' }•
(1
Jv ,Jr·
, "~ ii;

JL{, j; /.v JUt


'
J 11;1,I;? ~~
,

.
JL,';?t ~~ J!Pu!!;LfL,~-~;
' -, -,.

.:.tJ;f
/ '7

-'i-:~~Jft:::...if ~r.;./.)i.v'vf.tJJ)l'-,idL,f•
• • , 1&1 - ':' ••• 1i.;1..; - • L,
~ • •,. --d~;! ~J.)~1'..1~-J.?~,,,,~~,
,r• 1 ~ .• •
. •• • L-iJL01i

. _I;! ••. ~

v' jiy. ~J/i.J.. e;bJJ,1),,J-~ Yi-~~ l..!u;JiJ{i..e·~C(111.Ji_'f" ,li5,;.,.,. ,;Jf.u1'yc-...J)1/. .


• .(,fJ/J~('T'f111J'-~.!.t't,#L...1.li~
I:--...

~M.... ' ..._ ".•.,, ·~. 'f-~f-J:


~/
JYl th.1IJ~,~dl,.1,
,- ~· .
l}
(Ideological Basis of Pakistan)

:vlP~);

. . . ..
:ufLJ!.. "".r;JG"lfl.Jl,P!L...JUvL-Lvl
_/-fv"".::.!"t::-~, if-::A,,»LL-::Ji,~JS-::Ji
_/ f ..:.-> LP,Svv' J c,1c:'h-fa,1 ~jif cJl;f'!f f-Ji'(,J'¥cJ 1::1h.Ji c

_.,/-J'c,1~li.5,JJ1.p,.fu)lJ.,-l.f-cJt:-,.k.PILtJJ1J1~J,1as7 L

-~l'v1Pu1t,t::-~.1,.1,,;~ ,L4:-.ft.JJ,J
_vf ./,.,:..:>t;.,J'cJl;f'L
. !l:ii.t0tJ. :.:1Jl.'.!-AL rPi..t1fo(ll,i1..,.~
,. ~.. r1 1J
' .
-~,1Jy;..-.:i1,SJU1fu,,.-]t.f ,;;;f.
!
v--uvv~ -L IV-.J?.,/,.1947,J,
- ••
14(.:)i;JL
~

.1JIJ/\1~~)~Sdi;.r~JJ'r--0~u!d1J!c.Jt:f;-V.:..A1{~L~J~C#J?.1,IJIJI
L":-Ji1~ ..(,?.7-1C ..• • ,,0~-Ly;~J~SL~.1,1cJp,~
. Jvf::·~_r.f:,_t,~
t-.fJvti)l,!! ur( ~4'. ,J.;:;i.f_ t,J il.Y"?.7(tv'i Jvvl i.f4:-,fL d\;J; -hil)!J?.,~
s-.1,,u1..z,u~,Jt.1i1,J;1r~-'f-t-h"-' ~\..J.JAf rvL J.;:; jw, ..:.-h=>(Uzj uLV'-7
(i~,1~~'~(Jid..1Ai1J~~i}(Wi(]J.Vl_'rJ~(L)}r'IUJY,.~LtPLL)_,I:,
-k;.11),~0(;)(::);(Wi~-'f-A}--'l.{~'"-1.1,ld.v0

. (Ideology)-=~
.-¥~ ~'"V~4:-.J-'r-t"!r '/ (Ideoloqv) J.}h~i v! dV Jtfif'~,l''J;;J
u"l?;;j1J;~,ifk--iPuJAf-.PLJ.t;j_w,.1,1Yl(!i.£{·:J;µJ'i':0v\:. .. ('-;;{k
-YlVl~-:-~JftLJ"LJL--4
:-~,.;J~j,S
(}JV'orld Encyd~paedia)h~~l)l..tl},

~:.1.1.1 Jyr.J1r1 v.:) ~ J~.lf k( JiJ;.; i/7~ /., u,i:~1-J;;.1,, t.fk--~-'"


1
).
:u!J;i;l1L (Dr. Georqe Brass) l.fl/.C1.ltr/iJ

'~'f-1:-LL(J.}h-¥'J1),;z-,,{,;..i;,A~J'J(,J;{Jf1~L;,(J,;:;(~"

(sourcesof Ideolo~~);;.LL4:-}i
--f--JJ1~J..:.-vt~ L)r,,~~,s/l;PJ.jc,.1)
(Common Religion) '-:"";,/? -·1
~jfi -'f- r£ ..:.,I/I~/{ ,J,;:; J;lr.J.1{ u_A rJ1vit.f' ~,?. (~IJV,~ J ~J,
~a,~~}1°l:J~~rdL~~f:?";".1i1'901r1<)!,Y,.1J..:.-k}Lt~/..:.,~~~L
-v.Y?,~t/_r!,J,;:;dL(IYlf:Jid~.1JldL(JIJ~f::Ji,~,dL
.
-
{Common Race) J-i,.(_p-
~
-2
(..:.,~.AfL...:.,?l.1,IJJ.1.N1u! L)/,JL~L5i-&':-u1 ~(~_1JiJ?'-j1f? •,
jJ/ u.,; wt ..:,f' ~ L. .:::, Lfi1J?.r. 'i- d1'k.b~ ...(, Jl f"'-'i- J1J)J~ c,~ ~''{
. -c.... L.1tL,._if,;,)• '· 1~:J
' ~ - v-'""
(Common Language and Residency) _J~.1.1,1~pf;> -3 ·
..:.,hfe...~J-v.1L~_fu,/,J..:.-tl,k>.1,1..:.-L,.,l.?1,i=-p,~1~~.1;L.t.,0c1p ·
-f--~,;}fl/lS\1~.1f.,?J.M'J(~l.{~..:.,v1Jl(),.;i!.).1.,bLu/,t-u1LiJ:"T-
(Common Political P1:1rpos~s) v~ifk,-..J~ -4'
UJIJl~L~J',J,;:;J~o.:l~J.ftf..:.-k}i(f~.1Jl~1Pdk,-f?~-A,j'},?5,,f/'l,,11)
.J:. i_ ,/ .1 I ·• · ,(",._ f .( ,II_ ~(' (' • r £11~
-IJ' Jl,IPJ"';°'J.JrJ'(~,t>~l'J,.J 1;,UJ(J.1tV'v-V .J.f) L/V IV

(Co.mrrton·· Cus~oms.) 'f:llJ.11(;.f? -5


uf,,~--?,Jc,o.1,(ii'?--T~.1JJJ'iY.r'c,1J.1,(i.f?'~~f~l)ict1,1A
-'i-J.,,1~Jrr Jk,!'-i~'"A,1d~~
2
(Significance of Ideology) ~tJ'h-f
'o'Jr.,LtJy}_J'y;i.t£~t::_.~~'(t.fJ.tj~4--f-h'v!~J.:.5L~._f,c)()I *
' J;jLcJi~.
:.r· -~t-J'i~..::,..~

-1..0J11.1~'--J?0~~1((,)!}(ji~..::,..kfl,11..0LJl~.1r'(~v-tJ,->}..::,..':.,fa *
-f,-t"f(',jJ~f-(Jd~hJJlr,Jlr,Lfk,~)1° 'Cr
. -'f-rtv,J(f7..::,..1Jv-,.1,,.1J(J.t;Jw,=-)1" *
-'r~Jk?',!lut,~~LJ...:;Jw,:-J *
-'f,-t-fct-1'JJ,j,J.;o;uJ.a?vL'-/JJ--f,LcJWl:-J *
_u7Jy;;J~,le.t)~JJ:lf lf1r1J,J-1t·ruiJ?.f-t"Yl.P~s (;,.1--0:-J *
~l'--l~JvnJh,lf-t"~tV-L_?J?.J(vlJLJJ;t.t,,,fa/4_-jl~l(}J//, *
-'f-t"lf 11tJ!;/~LLf~.tl

(Meanings of _Ideology of Pakistan) (~ (t;Jl;J~::,Ji


c)~~-'r""r~1~,,;.;~_jJ:,;--,{..::.,k>~--0J~SJ-r~JkJ--0cJ~
?.'r",:'~·;,,Ji.Jvuif:.-'r"~.1~tJ{v j~{c,i!j/vl(J1.1,1'f-(LJrlef-) v-1.--,;(Li,S
(JJYI ,<~ -'f-t"lt,hnrj~ ("f..:.-~~,?<.>iJ...-'l.1,lc)l;:J~ ~,-~~y(~!;J~ ~j
-'f-J
.
~ ,fc) ~ . ~,, ,..::.-h>~,,
-'f-.1· LJ_/! ,J;;),;IJI) rJ. fJpL "-:"';. 4:--I
. DJ-(.)'.I ~f,StJ} l,Y'J tJ{v .v!r-/.
.1,-!. (;)~ v!-" z;, L u~;i _ ~ r.:JL,;i/• ::.J;'JIJ
. r Su; l,Y'.1,, (LJr' 1,11 f 1n';,1.., '(u, ~Ji
¥1 (i .::/f ,S~j, Jfef{.,e'/. fr; rJi-Ji.., l ~ L11 C11.1 '( ~fi ~ -'f-~(~'' ~.1 r
-L ,L !r.t'l J,~ JI) if V~JM.f; ~lf ~ ()~ ~~.s u,~Ji r.:J~.1,I,J L~
.1~ (

(f.f~Lj"/..Li;[/.(tf'"~/JJt;1~JnwJy1...-~,~J,,w,t,l> .if..J~./G",tJL;JI~/ .
/cJ~~t.:Ll.J,PIJ'i;.!-1.rrl,_/.i.,;~I ~LJJ1J.i.1,1.1ir,, PL
-~~,r.,if
·.'iii_,,. 1 _ _,. """-"""" •••• - ---,....: • •
-
(Deflnitlon of the ideology of Pakistan) -A'}J~~;:-_fi
-~ IS0~~/.....i'J'c;Jl;likf-}Lt JJ I I
i
:-'r(t(~i/lrU-{LJ,'r'IL.~Jt;ll j~l::l;f-_fi -1
-,-(t(&,y~£.J~Lof,:-j~.1jlL/~u}r'IL(Lv'l~c:f~;,J -2
LIJL~t ~ L .:;.,G(ps t.)J.1,,J Jir .JJI d~, J;~,uk--J'LJ;~~·~f-Jl-3
.
-.::..rt(..:.-~,.;·,
'
. . .

-'f,-~~ f-f (1;,(~/J'0~~Jl?l.1Jlj!)\J(tvlv!~qLJ: zi.11Y-?l?J -4

-L~IPGJp(Jl;1.'JvV3J11iJLf:r(1;(rgL~·11v=i~~~=-Ji -s

(.flr-l{c)~~fi ·.
(Basis of the Ideology of Pa'kistan),

t~Li!1,11Z1,~J,if'LJi.;;.J.J,ft-J'~~~v'~k.1.o~-¥L.vi~L?/.
,.j!Jy;&IJ(!Jij ~l~.1JI L~V»tl..:.-J~.1~, //. s~~u.vf-~~ i~~ieJt

--"'Vi ~1fu,1~1u-{("'~1.,~~1tfJ~J,,...;1~"rv'"''~~ri
L ,J,;;) jw, ?.,'r ..:.,~~~ / ~ .J.,u:f(t ( ~!.r~ ~Lr.1:1;,J ~IJV~(lv'I

(LiL .:.-k--k--.1JI ~g !Jg/ ,~~.:.-}lr~t/1 .• .~·~·.~~YifL!'JI{ fu,;~rli


1:.1}Y~L.1J)fi)JI r~ u?~~.;e'f!Jij<JJY_l-4r-J:F.r~~J'Lf1.1{/v,;.
'r _;;:,
.•f-J'Jr
. .
}·'-" J;
/ (~.1~,.:.-tJi..,.,_;~1·.,J~,.::,..IJl/'J:.:!lif-G..
.. ~ -. . "'·~/-.::.,l,:).;:,
,
;~ ~ _ .. r'-1· .f;i,~(f.v'f1,!1~Ji
v ~~ .:rJ;j
J " . ~ ~ . - ~ , . 'L • • • • ,• • •
AAl·JLYl.l;)L~i..fvl,,~ I;)~ \f::?'A~l(JLVL./Jil,1J,,iJ~ (;),t.,r.1,Lufl!' 1,!,~1'1
'J . A , . •

-~- ,.~--"' J ~-·-·


"'

,- v.vv- --~
.. .... .• ,

l
• J·

.

4 -~---:.rfi_;_,.. .- ~
. - -----· ----- -
(Beliefs and Prayers) ..::.-IJ~.,.,e~ -1

J.UvL.ti;,, ~' c1~J'/Ljj'( J &r,: v-;:,-JL vi lf V~ 11v 'rg LI.:) L::f~.


,;\.f;;s di,~..:J 1.r ,J:.> l ,J:. .ti;,, -v.. h vr'.!,;., '1 JI,J:. J!. IJ, l,C:~ ,., ~.1, ~, f ,.J;;;
j

:..~ ¥c1v.,f~.l.Lc1r_'f-Ji;.tvcJl.!'{~J~1 ),1..ft.J,,~Jr

-'f--1L.t J'i; '(-.:.-t:' '(o'.1v J l,;i<llJ1 ..(,=-,: -'V~ J:? l -,=- ,jj ~ ((lY'l..:J v n J:?l --tr
gfiJ~JJ,~4---)6.Y~,udJ~u1&!-,=-fi~~(Lv1gJ/1Ji,:,1,1v.f-(JJl(vr
vi~1..LJJ,=-J'~1:LJ~.J:,,~J'c1w,_~~~-=--.1..JJ'v1~J/JLcr)",;{
J}.,}~.trJPLLJ1~l:LcJLJl.1.tlLJ1~,;LJl,;iJJ,_v.J(JJ.lb=L.;.,L(>1LJi;;.JJ,{

-,=-v-.a?~LJ~JJ,~.1~J1cf-'7.1JG°{<f--f.M'J'..::,'jU,&.10w;frt-(r.t1tr,
f~vA~ .f,=-(JIJ4,..LL1v-(1Y'f oJIJ ,'f-CJ.lc.:)l!l{(.).,,Y-{(li~(~L.--.1~~"1"i:

Jl,;iJJ,f(idr1~~,}..1-.:.-JP,Ltr V,:,,;,...ffiv-v1~.1p1 ~.,rLirVI' .r.:-cJtr.,J.,


-"tf-.t7.JJV '(-:Jv.1 ~?-1:=L J,.-.1(5}1'(.

l;}IJl(}.l!vL-.:.-t;,10.1~!,_r?T"";l)Ji y,.,((lY'I 'Cr


'V~G°l,i~~t;1J1.1J-'f-J)
..• ~~tJi'(G°vr!~}i.r'-.J{ (Uii (j l.;11 '(~U,1JJ~JH-~t°J1 Ofi~)JJfi '(,/-7,:,,Jo.t '(

-'f,-.JL!l·i:t.JI. ~J9jt.f.J,.1v)J'-.:.-1J ~(V-'f-o)J.1d}V.((Lir'I *


if,UiiL t,f';._'f--~"j(ftifrlJij J~L rw'"'''i--=--.,~JL;f;_i-;J;w';~~ *
~-,~~J. i « ,. .. -~ .r. ~
c,·u·""""' ~ ~/'-' '"-/Ir .1JI 4r-iJ'Z.1'fil;;,JJ.,1 '-'-~"'
(•
'-_Yl
.,,:r._,"' ;; .I
u- , v-lJ.r ~ .J> ...;:,,r,.,~-il'
-~J"'
' .

'J . . . - --- --~----- ----·-==-


_JruiJiv:fv! !iJ o,/t. ?.~Ji;,.lf.1J'--,1kJ"'t,1,1JlftL~; LJ,-j~/
• ' • • 7.

(Justice and .Equality) ~~i......JJ, ....;i;, J~ -2 J

J~L?/.(;Jt~L.tt
-kJ,1,J{~t,(.....J.~,1,1 Lui)! J'(g ,~;~~~...(,
(:t(L~<:,,-),-?",IJ,/.l/./u}LJ1r,;;.J!-L,11u;,!J~'di,(.:)p,1JIJ1.:£~;~Uv!'-,,)ir
r, Vhf/G/ Uzi J,~ul.{,1,, (.:)·) G" o, 1,...,-4- L J ,;, '":"""" 0!··~h V".V
J1.:J.,; G',/, 1..} ~Ju .1 • • •. •

{JA/J_;~,L~h,1JLVl-v.J.JJ!,P {,))~ Srg L-.J~l.1J'l~1,1,...,o,v!,1.tJv 1

.. ~ ' "
'~(!(,'L.t":f-k~)1.:J~Uti./..l,1J}t;d~/~,JIL(idtj~~1f..l~)"'
IL(~,,{L(/t-,1/ tfc{~//ifv-:j.;~j~i/:-.ttJu,,Jf)1'":""""(.1,·1'f---fl.1'1.1,{
'.:.v1~~~}J4~,1/
(Promotion of Democra~y) l,j (..::,,,:..1,,/: -3

7r.tt ~~i,)f ~.1~i./..t:.../lrJ1YI .-7.::-.11(..;..-J~if '--/Ir .1JI ~h.1J.tvt


,J,;;; _h,1 ,1.;:1L'--J1JL (.:)i'iu ,/JI 7 Cl,,-?.1)J,1,...,ovit-7 t'~ i,tJ~ (J'i? Lrt/.1,I
,~...£ij!JIJ1-v.J_L.tt/.l./.'":""""i.J!JiJ1.:J.,;,;:_i.,,g ~f ~fi:Jif.i,,cf 1j_,.;J k..11:f
-'f,-t"~k~.!£Jiv..*IJMJU1i'":""""(Uii~,(j~J;~,:;/J4)~·J'l.:J~.ik~';~IJ
~i~~,J}J1.:Jt:Jk(gL.ttLh..Ji{((pJ:'-(/,1g4s,J.1,):1!4Lr"~r;
.-
. t:.,k• .
.uv -
..(~h~~LJIJ/1,j.JJ1-r.tf'(1)J~J.~Lu}y#tJJJr'1fr!JziJ,1Jf.'r'f1f,
':.<..[ f J!...~'-,..,1?'(.; ~("'~t,...,~fl.1("

(Frat~rnity and Broth~rhood) ,.ifJ"t ,..:;Ji -4

\
. ~fJ,1Yl~v!ur~--'--,:-~~~~v1vl~~.Jt1.,i:::}1< .)!4'-/~Ul.VI
I
I
I 6
('-.1~J~ ,..::.,?1(.flo/t.,,.JLVIJ! r:,LJJi;L~JJ~J'-.J~ JlP! ,~}II.}! i./f }cf.

Le,1~J'~/JJ...f,J,,.1,Jl)c)l.,;;;(Jr71,.;1~~(LV'-JJVii.t,,/;,,.~.,i,f?.'f-cf~
,i.J~Ly; ~).JJJ{ )11, J?L(,di\;:Ii~,!'rfi.1? ~J?.JL ..::,.,,'h.J s~.J, JlL-cf';

-
v!tflf-Oft- LJ ..::.,l,:>:'Jz,L;,_{,
.. . . luH L ~'-: -Si:.!'-s.-,J.J
.. ~~ ~ L,)J.JIJC .1Jf ~r,1.r:
~j_y; (i t;JJ'-1';'JlP! i.t'-/~.1,t ufo.1~.::.,f
.JJI vt,fr1Jij£....::.,1j.1,li/;L
_<J1J\fJISJv,Lu,/,)i.trLV'Ji'h).1,;(·,;,1,;,
J?L ,/..rt-~"° Ly; .11r, ..::.,!JlJ~,.J;,/. J (.fols:~' G>
":' . o» ( ..::.,L. i.f' .::.-1,
J~(e,11)..,-,~~..ff--J~.11( f\,!1,#aiJi}(fi/,~-'-J({1,_/Jf lS'~.1,f ufy;~~

_.,..('6-~fi.J}~1;.p -h)VJJ (?-.1J~~V.JJl~L +1-~J'~~h>~vio,,=-


~i.f/J.,1, s~/,J-£1.1,, i.J.1.J ~J~,

(Rights and Duties of Citizens) if1,j,J}7LutJ -5

; (/ S~ ~, S..::.,u;;i.111 _J? L-ut.J ._;)....(, l V'h u i.t J1'rg , cJi;r~ ~


,/A tu4)arir-Jiir-LJ ?v!~ )LYJ LV,...f,_ f h) .IJJ.J?/.<I-'{ c.i1i jL cJ'i.:) lru°/JJ
-f--~1r-,ur1JJ.~r~),J?-'f-t-ir~J;,)j~/J)cr'-')-ft-f--t-~~·;.,bif~
JuLcJW1~(~)-'f-D--JG'LLJ~iPJ?J)....(,lS'LJ,J1~j= -i.J.1(,;J,,(;u~
~~h.1~~( ....f, cJJtl tf~ (~j,Jf J..::,.,--h.1JLV'-f- t-y; ~u1Mui1JiJ~1.1,1
-~~)
'
-'1Jc:- c.t ~ (.fo L ~~ L cli::-f~ (g i.f rs,,.- if ~J JiilI uf!t i.t e,1.i::-f; ··
~.1.,..-'5'(JJr1_tL1ri,CJ~11{·~J?_L.uiGi.-i.t·,cJ1::fl.flihJJ't,,=tf..L~..t.w
(J:..L .1JI .:i.;t,JL,cJtr, L U $,·Jt,·LJI J !; ;. ,.;! 1..-/ LY J !YI f ~J.()1..:;.,; 'f I-:' ,/ if..

-L . ..lt: Pi.::.- ..L


"7 IJ.1

'.!:ill.'• ',--...• ...•-..~--~


7
J,/J~Jw}~t..f..t.:Ji.;,,k ·
(Economic Deprivation of Muslims in India) .. J

t/L UJJM-; !,-~~~)j~ L ~ ~{ u}LY l J11 f7 ()JIJ 1~ J, 1857 .


,....111(5).J}.f~J.;lj.;IJ,....j(1J.ilJ.1)(rvlu}lJ.--'"o,J='liikJ.a?v( u}~v! ...G.v,
..-~ ,, .t. . ,, 1Y .,f'
-~~~ &c::~u1L,1J1"':"'v~;r,r · -.L11
. .
!J.v)~/uJlJ.--'"dL-:-~L~~.,,~z....v,zJi
c.:)l)J, kJJb1~i}L,r'7u.?; -1
J~L ~, ;(>?.,~ L J~l)JI ~lj~I c.:)lJ.--'"_4:-J.l.k.~)IJ!l"L~;L1,J.1o/":4
_e:..L~L.1rJJ.:::..~;µ.v:4-i;..£01,M·

~ u1t;/u}Lfc.:)~J?.)J, if.J.f.b?v!)'i~Jc.:); ,J ~ v!/-'!Si.iivfi -2


tP'?L~J-.iL,c.:)~-JfJ)~)(t;J1)}!/u~~;.,~1v!A.Jv'LVi)J'~4-
u;, viu: 1.::::- c.:)~ r~ J/':.'f-ir.u1. ~ (, u ~·"' Ju i.~Lu,; ..;'JI~/-L i:1-
. · '~111.i:.f';..;/((;f~~~.:::..~/'ct;L~
'~ ~ ~

~.1~)J~_,).,,..:.-~vu)~J.,((.)"~luJ,,A1Luj'.:cfi:..L11kA,.1~(£.vJ1Jr>· -:s
.-3 ..:.-.1~c.:)lJ:--'°)JI J./f i; J.1IJv'!·1 ~Iv! c.:)t~L ..:.-.1'.f1.J!J.L l)JJfe'i.:. k' Ll,A(l,..>Tt
_L:_,r.1,~(~yf.J.,1,.$1.JjJ.

(v'Lliit"~~f)Jv!c.:)l;-J~?.b1L11.1~JL~.1Jlo~u.~,v!~L~1¢1'1"~~U,.1.· -4 ·
t,)j tJA,1~Lifo~ l./ if u}~~v.a?vLr1}10/JJ.J t,je.,Pzft.tt,:,,!!•
(£ . . . . .. . ,.
.• .. .n,el;,e:...;,:,.LJ./

v!~.1t..;.1,1ut1-~~.,t~~J'--1J&Sw~;fetdf'd~1~·t,j~,"'1i~,~l~tb.-1. -s
,1Ji.f,Jui.,J..,"v!.uZi:..tt.1fJ:u4-.,1j1u/iJ~k,.}i;~~AfJ,R(J,:)'&4A-·/
. _JJ,;;,~
·rur·~. - ., -~- -- . . . ·-· .
• ••
~l;,_,.1,I tii.11,J~f:-:'}JU}JJ
(Two-Nation Theory: Origin, Evolution and Explication)

c:...~hn,f'--/~~{tlf~.1,1J;~1~r;,o,r;t-fJ}.(1Y.l?.iffiJ:.r-/. *
J.r.c:...(Ubl3:r-L...{rf~i~IL;JJ;fu.?.1..J!v~lo,J:...:.,.1r'U::f-l)i;d);..!I,
c:... .1;~.,,r r.111 ,~ ~v-,?.1,1 J,(,i-1.1. ~tU··_...a?v .a?vL L;f ..:;:;,,{ ,~ 1.51_r;,;d
_111)(r1=JJJ J,,L112::...L(./vl/~~'-lli~c:...;;.z(l}fl.5/"

_(, c:... J:. i.:1- ,iJJ )~ir1}1 u }.,, u~ f 'f-- = ,y c:... 4:-pJ },, J:. .Ji;; JJ.t-L,?/. *
&,Y-(!1?.1."u1.t1Lcif"~.1 ~, ,...:.,Lfau;..z 4-,(1}1 ui"=-'f-( },Pt u/''-''' l;,JIJ..,..
c:...'--/"~~)Lcif" ~.1.1,1Jr11i.5,~Lr1lid'-u..t.PJ\c:...'--/"...{rJ:.
if4:-JiJ },, _,./-,; qJ/jvL '--/''~ ,?., ~ L ?,.1 liJ1I u.t. .v= f vJ .J;#;..Jv'
di;..,PE~L;:::...L~JJt--0!4:-fu1.1,1J;JJ1;Jifi.5,u1~,LPtl;lt~u1{,~
vi..,, Jd t:fi'f-fi-'°;,,;j '1--r..l rJ:. J?., c:... rt L ...:.,; vit ·", d (::)~ , ~.i-\ h.J, J, ,, J:.
V~J:.Jjoj~~(;(;1Ldl;,l...:.,~J:1,,1~J:.~Llai;1L4:-~J},,_'f--

-~t'"'
' .
v!v.1~J:.f 1867 ~ c::-~LLJl;..i'l~/J:.~.1. *
,L-1:'/-0J.~1('.;~1J'4:-JiJ},J{~J'LJt;;(5J;.z,,;1
(;1(J:.~/.fh_1J:,~l~f),1Lfr}o~...{rlui~.
c::-J;~.11(;)~-rJ,;;.zu/"J''d~ ....0-i..a J~rr1J1.,,
.JJI c,IJ.1J(.Y'.1c~~)l.:)~,~l(J'd1..J'.,(i..J.l ( JoL ...(,
I • ~

6h--J:. ui~ L,;-}i.vt-,--1."f.c::- UJ.,Az·µ I(J'.;;;


~!45,1; r~J Li./. ,J:, ..:..,;~ u::, I ,;)I 1.,11:;1.,lff 4-~
_,11r,?:';i;..,>1{ ~ J4:-,.fJ },., lf'-~
~fJ/. ~ 0l.Y" ..fl(L.M z..../~.1~(~k.1-0l?--L.ui~ L;,JJIJ'l.~.• ..•~;fij 1::r
u}l.Y"f7J:11}~.fr-,~-Lirk1.!'~/J_;i7J)1r.1.,1 ,J'k,,rJ!J.:L,0.1]£/Ji

--L \r L)J ~ ~ k .1--(i/u./0 t:? J.n la,..v, (If fr'.y:! ).»/'·~-'f-:?-,L
0,.1-.,JL(f V: 0l;ii1ctf 1933l5.1P.LJ~~l5/J~ *
L 'Now or Never',t-0"_(,/J~u.J'~--'?~'-
VLfr?°v= u}1J~k,J1;,.,pzf {:..-crv"-Vt~~r~
Y...i tJV~ rt (~k.1 oL,J u}l-Y"·i.t ~er'-''-V'
....
_I.fl/
.Jjl C;.Jt·~ ~, ,J (.)}l.Y" f liJ~ ((!~.1,J/J~
.. if '1i·-~' ~;;;
Llf:. rJ L.M ji;.,pz ..;..c' JJ01~,. .Jl)., .
• •
f La.1~0,-~jr(::Ji,
01;-.,pz?.~(Ji1_!ic.Jl.Y"
' ' T

-'f--J/~.L)}IJ ;d. '--/;J,(,J..

~J~.1J(rJJ,fu}l.Y"~J;~fiOJ).,,~cJ"'~J/.;L~)itJJ.,~;~v·~"v1(",.t'.,; *
rJJ,e-,,;·J'..PJ}v1(;)l.Y"L~J'..PJ}J!?.rf~}":!L)~~v:1L.~1-4-
JYi'.1~h1940,rs,A23.1.MVJIJ.1l}':.v/(tr..:JCl...ff1'3'.:1f,jJa:1Cr(~~'-"'iJ.-~
M.r -,J;i . "'
=kL/'--"" 'i':--J ~:11.v~ L +, 11,1-
I I.~
Y. iJ.7 t:::::....1 V .e- -:--11...Z 0£.,J 0...,...,.- .1JI JPI
JJ t. ,'" . .:!
• ,,,, -
~ •
• •
1

J), u~Lf~;.1,;-'f.JL r1J,ui,J-v.i L/ r5(.-J..::.,,1Jf..P.1,1v.1 fw{.;."lifJ/J\


'f- Lfiy,j~.,-;~ tL,.-:; i.t·Jj..[,/u.,,.},J_}J>1Jd)_<J:! _;C/t,;...'-/'J_.fl..:..l.Jt,
(-""Jf.?--L..::.,,"fl5}Uu:.-t.J.!J?.ri/-"::",.1.£;.~}'l.11l~l,.A~tJJJ/.l./.,:,.f,[
' .
J.1t-fa.'-f~~,
., 1;~0:j"jJ, r?J'~/. L.""' £.1}1~1..:AJi.;,.Lu,,.. Jui,Jl;)lf
,~ -~· ./
-D.t't(.AJO~I
....-;
(Ideology of Pakistan and Allama Iqbal)

~1;.,1h)).r2(~hh,J,/ u}tJ---- Lu~,,J~


(:.,~ if--;-- i~ ~ -01~/d,~;;Lu/~
uJi J Su hM J2L ur.: 1&.L .,(.?,
c::- i.t

2-Y-:.-l
~ - . ,..,.~ tjik L L...J)~)JI
. ,...,/J,;, ~ .
-v- J.J. Uz..> (J.C J, ult .. .,/;,,f.-<..
u}tJ----i.t)~i)1~)?';-1i.tf' 1930L~1 *
... ~1;/if;;;J.Uz..>L~~),,.-1..z~1.fo)i.td11.:)tJ----ft-Lf.JUv(~l)J,_c,d_L
. -: -. - ..
"
.. _

,.,
:hL)L~I

tJ/G'~f1JL1r1..f,Jn~luJ~ Ld~.,~J/J~Jv-£.,,f7b1JJ ~'~"


(.:)~f 'f--LJJJ/~LCf,Jf-1_0.t)~Jj_;~(LYli.tJt.,nf LJ.1 ?--~rJi~J~t
~(:... Jh>L .,~, i !Ji.J',Llr, i.t d 1;,,.t,z _;/i.t-v.: / f 1r ~ J/ ,J., i.t L ~v? -fr
-'~""~)~ L!v ,( gL~h 1J IY·,r
)Jl~o;_i./.ie:1t,J!~~d~)Jl,..c-if!fuh(:...L1rLl.:)~~= -JiLV~1..I,..,.~
1:7·
Lr l.,1p1,i.f..?).LVIJ1,..,.~~L,.f~~"'="~(i.tL~..::JLl~t\~C£:1.c.~hk~~
L.t1 -~L, (Uff JI-(if (IY'-k.,.J,J{~~,(1.Af.J'(}~;,l.h.,J.,Y;~ (.,?.,
:fl(.r, ;), c. L r)~IJ,..,. ~
2;-;~L,,Li.,.t p....il.1,1L1~ ~ ~l..4~(.)l(._(.f.1J.C.cf-/-""./. ~ h.l:·1"
)JIU}r'l(J; .u: u)tJ----o,ff-Jj ((..).r'" 1'-;""Jt(lJ-,:,..- ~(.:)'$ o~L£:I( 10,, LJ.1
''-v.:.f1;;,1(;,;1,J.bd~
I
I •
I

uJ1_'r-(IV'~'-:"'.,.11J ( • ::.}J
. 1.:)1.nlv.1 ~-ftc....-?JJ(IYll,;)l..Y
fk L)L [j~,1,..,.~ ·tr_:
. -V'1;v!.1~1~u;~?c....L1rLi.Jv1J~(L
. [,\Jr.1 (iv! ~'r-iJt; ~c....-:--~(1}1i.Jg{..:><l.1

jw,,:, j,.,:.1,; J ~'r-.1J1.1l,:,


\..

-· . . . "tr
c....J"~LJ::LuJ1d....i.11_e;_l_.,h~~....(ifu)L.YL1.,~,J!.~J(.).JVt)v1_,~·
. -hJ(~(L-"'-ft?--LJy~Jr.1/u)LYLJ/r
r rt~.Jir.t-f'Lc....J"vLJ:: . ?--LJy~Jr.1(u~...(, I

t,..cG" .111 L:} t:-1 ~Ji


(Ideology of Pakistan and Quaid-e-Azam)

r:JiL
J. ~ L (;)~ ?J~,~ J..f ~_t,1;
,J~ ~-:--r~IPL~ drif-;.,LAi.,-1.i'°'J.
l.:)t;f~/L1,fl.:)~}. ... ,1(1ifr-v.f)-»/'IJJ~'(L--i
'(IY,,~; ~'·-"Lu4'v! ~ L!rhtt:
Lui~,;:,. ..::.-~lr....,1.~~ u;,,~k,.,.1,-:-r.1.?
r
LJ-"'),; l.:)lJ.--"utr. _,.f ;:..,;r, J.;; ~,J.av
fr!Jij £ .~1':1,1-'J.~L.11..J, ~I u,L)~J

J7LJ.1/.i;ffu?l,~v~v Li.11 -v!"~


-.~rL~J'i.,
·ruI, • .- -.--~ .
12
?~tht.?tfrUii/ ./l,;)LJf./J1 di j.1.,1L ;£Jy-G' v)iJ.1{ f(Uii,JLYI f,..ttr -tr
= hLil.l-~1.fc/-,,1943o,vLJr1L._Q('\J:1JTLuJ,_2_
,.;:>.
7
d~ uc1fo, ~.s e,.) J'.AP 1, ~ d l)i->(ti~ L .,1 .....((..... ~ V-'f- .=;:: .1 vdfo,"
. ,.r r; • ~ ..y ('
,., ,_;;.10:1 ~f-0J1/ J;? L> U~llfl~
r.'i
V"'f-/vl,;)ioJ
('
~,:-.11r1..:....1lf0.=..J,lft{
'I - ~ ~
-~-if.(j I )-:--CJLi (,)lo!
I ' ~ ••
t_,.;/o,
- - (
,(j~

.;., 1LYi LYi~i.;-~~1.1-f 1944&,.1L -tr


:lLjL
J'"~J.t Jl.5.1 (a uf..1;1l'f-(Ur'I lJ1 l.11.1 ~''
'~~,.k.,l.,.?
I •

d~:-PL-'1
. L.f-:--UD~121.fJL;,1·
. *
'"="'!!oc..-~b"('.tG' :lfC'1,~1;W1~1f
,:;,.1,,?,S;;,;r:!r/~,
,
,S.::JLI,.; fLlf 4- Lu;~ .1,1 J} (~ Uv L 0L::Jh"
.
~'f-..:11!vJJ~
1
((!Yl~,J~ Ju_,~/,,; 'f- Jf JJ'L)JJM,~n0lfl f J_,1lf~U.,(
=h L)L ~.t'G' L.,1 Lf ~iv~ 0t,)1L l,;)L::J~ ~f /,,194 7'/.?I11 'tr
;/..,_c~ L
-fi~1c...j~/0 1..4?,L ui;f~L~J~if-(e-Jvv;"
(j:1-fiLrf v:i'J:..1.,10.,~L v'~'---'t.n ~ ( l:J~~ ":'"', -r tf:d-~
. (l.Vl..1JIV: ~c::....JJ;f~~-'~#~l,ofo.1l.,/JJtjlJI; l('~~f\: . . J~~i.1
. '; vf-"' '.6 ~ u}r11L J.-"'f Uii J' 1?.1L
= iLiUi.1~--flLf,..tlrLYiL.f~w,.,J'dL::J~~Ji *
t.f~~of,-:-} if.. t--fl,(",J.' !Jlfv.f 4-L L.f ~~ 1.f(~JJP..:-1Uv ( 0L::J~ L ("
·c_,._f urfu.,Jr-,Lr¥'(ulf. .i... ?-~
. =!L)2-?.1L.nZ....l'-:'"'~~r1.tLflP>;£194a'&,A2'1 *
-3/.JJlj/('-~~l{YjJ1;v·~~,._;,?'.Ll,;)l);.J,li~,u~,-qr-:,J~r..C"
13.
~J-1u~L-;'10J~Lv1 -'t1-.,i1./f;;;./t:1-Jbf~f,=-Jj1.1.vz~1-v.1Jc:f1
-,:- ~UJ~0(1.VIIJ{..1JI v~~' ('f:-JJjP Lu/.1/..tJlif:-,J

L. (l.W ,Ji.r L ~7 ". =h LjL.n L.f ~C'J,1 (4 ~L ,Pi{G"hl 948' J IJ.r. f --k
-'f-~1r(c(.)!LJ?G"~L)1 ~~1JL uH=.1J1v1~1~J~J'i)lntL~r,;_,
L..JL)1JJ-.1JI ..:.,IJl.:--'J~ [L(tvl?.~~c.lJ;rWiJ~L.:1-f'~·vL~)~ .

-~~v'ei( C./ ){~,.1.~.1)-v.1L'=-,..:.,~1.r..1~LJ,,....A -1


<'1 f' :., r .,r, t • II Jo-
. nvJ/~~J.v·,,.;...#'IJJ:1 x

,1863 (~) , 1861 (...;Ji)


, 1867 (J) , 1'865 . .<G)
:,:-J;~((JYI' *
;(,i .
(._) .
...:;)1..r-.1,'JPJ (-JI.I.)
•o.i• ,r-:J o)J.J (c,)
r<i/JyoJuf~ *
, :1'8'55 (JI)
,186-1 . (J) ,18S9 (,~)

. f'T-,:;/...JL (~l·.1_l;.ilV:(1YI·tr
.'I '
· vl,idi1 (...;JI)'
~.v (~)

14
flJLJ..:.,;l.,v~.Jz;\./-(.-1940'~JL23);J1'VJbJI} f:<

Cfr~L_;_,J~\.c (":"') fPi~t; (JJ,)

ui.;J.,::;1-1 c» fi?.tf.-lc!JY- (r:,,)

:,= -~J,.,~.,.1;.J(bh.1...Ulfu}l.Y"U:rl930 1:f

(!-=-2J()/J~ (":"') l)l,;..;'f~/ (JJI)

°Ql,i1..l_..1J$ <J) ui;~v Cr:,,)


~.;:_,..J,., (JvJ~~rg 1:-.(

V,: Y.:I ( .,» V.:~.1()1 (.jJ,)


v.:rfi (.,) u.: .,.-::; ( [:,,)
:1-"'itJ1~\;,1(;JL.J1~~
':
*
.-1948'(,f S c,» , 1948'Jur.(- (JI)
• . 1949'/..?l(- (.,) .-1949'..:.Ji14 ([:,,)

-
:~Ji;..,J~c;J\~J;j
·' ~-/

Ji.?tf;k ('":"") . (IJijLJl?.I (JI)
.;:..h>=')i"J J.VI (.,) ~~J; . Ci)
: i.J.Jl! i;LtJ (;:.fL": J;;J *
(..)!;~ v (":"') . . .
.t)r.Jt.f,-io~ . (...;JI)

ul;.s'--r-.r (.,) c!~.1J/.,~. Ci)


t::• 'JI • • ,t
~
. . t' .• • .,,,
. •LJ_...rJLl,..11~"--Vl,;,l....-....l"~
... . - . ..A.
x

,.19 2 9 (._;J,,)

· . · ,-1940 C,) ,,19;33 (c,)
15
:7J;~{(LYI ff
-;f; (-=--') ;l) (JI) :? :
. .1
l (J) o)J.J. (&,:)

-L~J1t1-'(,I' ,.(~Li,[.,}U,~ (-=--') ((fC ...iJt)!t -2


f

k.,;:;i..
~;Cf:--/
,,1867 ilfJ,r~.u

. "
1ri>(t:J~L l

· ,,1940 vv1J~.9;-Ji - I

,,1948 I • i&
...r~C: I 'P;JJ.V If, ,!
~
.
.JJ1'1J~IJ..il}
- I

-vA~Ji; -3

-'f- - -- v-.~,J'"=-Ji".t:JL;f~ *
-~ JJ1.J1.;z--, t~J?1(A,°{if-~.-r.l,~.,1~1·J.,;.1,1v~=Ji -tr
-'r-t"~tv!'-.?J.r.,(v'i'-JJ;,.t~f __ ··~:1rJJIA *
-'f--(t( _· _ Jv1.r~~.u,i:ri1L~:1w,iJ~~1~Ji *
-L"7tJ,;Jt,;.r
• ••
_ ._ _ ,J11i'-",,~,.~t.trt.vL~L.J.~·,.J1,...ti,~-,iz:11~
'-"" , I' I •• - ~ • r.µ; \iii,' • ~, .• •
*
-~~.JJ,~Jl).-
, · ~}~.1,J'I_
.. oc~ ·.ll}r'I --k
---~~-~


___ J,~Lu}~v!(,-1930)J~01,_}J';-1LJr,.1 ,.,.~ jfi; *
-V~.1~(

_t;ff,.;:;(6~~·~~JJ-c~l0l *
r~_..uvt.f(..:Jv.1D~
' . .. * "

\:: ... JvV~t:J(;}hf-Ji *


thL)VLYi~Ji:,,~, 4~Ll,~J'.J(l.t'tr
I( *
r1LiV~L1rLt.1v1J'~~LQl,'1. • ..~ *

r'r"..C~J1,:.AVI(,k ~fj~ftL,}e't.1?v-~AL.:.-?J *
rhLiVv=~.1~L~12:~"'11>.J.i(i.t'1r *
r'r")YV~"::-JidhJv-)'CJ/~Lr-;. *
·~h~iVLf,.t'i;-v!~.1·~LJ?L u;!,v:t:Jt;t~ *
~LL)lfv!JL1,.'./1~.1?~1L[jv1~~ i::r
•• " • • • 1:' •

tl1
..
I
_ e;J..:., L1.r. ~ J~.g;r
. . ~· .
-v.tvv1{~i;:.r;:-J;:J~11r(;1~1oiv1.~,, -?
-~-::,.;>L;..1J~i;:.(~f,}ttt.1J'~,i,~AL~.t'l1
-6
-~~ (;., J~i;:f;
:-Jv! t.1{~·tJ tAL~lJ ,~ ~ -7
_£ ( L J;jc:J hJ
... .::.,;> l;,J '-'• .. r1 -8

' --~..!,,,.}:L
•• 4:'
~J:;c,,1J·
••
-9

i.:.J~JtrJ'(.).h)?~~t:-1~ (~,.,

~,if,:111;_,1.;;LLtf:-Ji e,»

,..~r -

"~:....---
,,

L711
-
.,. • .• • • •

rL. .~tJ,1:J1~."'JI-
.• . ~ ..• ..•--.:.-
.
' ..• I ; ·~ ,.. ••. ••• ~ ~--

.. -..... --· ~,~LltL·cJ~:~A;,,1CJ.v.L,.~"~lii(G"


., . . - - .... . ~--~\ ~ ~~·--·
. . . • .• .
' • :,

·~~
". · .~.

.. .
N -,

-.;_'
.• '" N'. ,

* . . ,
I

18
(ftd~
· (Making ·of !Pakistan)

:vl;+(f..Ji
.
:o,fL...,..{- !v.t1JG'~.f!)bP!L~uYL1..,,Lf.!I
. ..
_vf /c.1~?"1.fo(c.1~;1;.A}~L1.,;Lc.1~~~j
_vf /riY"1i.fi( i,;...JtL vP'lz lfk--.1,1:c.,'iJ:-1942c?'J./
-~ /c.1~.::.-~.?.,J'J(tJ: 1944.::.,f)ljJ'~ '-ii>.
-vf c.1~V:'-AL.::.-b1Lc.JiJbv!Jj(Y c:

_JfJ....ej~(.:,l}l{,cJ~ (g..C.,1945-46.::.-~f°f(~ u
· -V,:/.:..>t;,,J: 194~cf;(L,J:'i~'1tL~P~ "c
_i.,;ffi)'~,:.,Pt,e-~,'-j.1,1',),i!~L,1.946cJ~cf"~( ,<--"

. -vfi.:J!fv!'-.1~L,1~49-4:A:,,.fu.1K (.,
_,.;fJ,;,},..,/..'-yVL,
. .. 1941·c.1.?. 3

-~~/J~;1;:1..,,1v~L(ISiJk,~ri:c.Jiv!,.l~,~
,ri;r~'4-L~.~irw
_vffc.1~.11,f

r- 1940-47) (;} t:.J\Y"'..(7"·


••

(Pakistan Movement 1940·4.7)

· J;~i.:J.f{fu)~ f2.J!li.1,~~.1.(1~ PLLJ(tJu"ur;-G.S"1s·s1


~• ~.r ~ll!J;c,rf'iJJ.~:,'iif-i;::,,~J'':;-J~Uuflul~-~-~~('i4Jr~)~J~):,,1
, J i.;,,.cl ..J, Jtz~ i..t·,;J. Si,.;; ~v,S;,__f
o • • W f.~ • ,;
r-fr-.1.
••
co' -4'. .•• • • ,•,1..
1:;;...,L1'.i',J1 z; ,::)r/7'1-
•••• . .-
.'-~
I

,f.(
- •
,J_ ,J

-,
cJlJf..1....-J.lf,C:.,l>. J~:"~l){G\t;?. J
. . ~ •
I

- ~t J}y-,.(~,.JJl;.((S_.Z)tJ:.Z)t:J1,0,1Jy.:'AfW,.17i. ~ fJ/.
• ,.

' . .

A:1i~}.Lri~~.J~..)av(i.:J~;-~Ji,,,J~,,l!)h;,~;.~wJ~)t,/J,Jl'
.-., • .... _ ' -
- a
I

Jjf~l:J',,(1L1,L,'l!i.,;_f f'1947~·f'1940 ~L,;\Cl:11;.f~~}-'t,,;;~t,{


-.::... . .. ..
' ~ iv lfl:l.k u! ,

(Pakistan Resolution 1940)


. .

':.£~ Jt,11".t~ J.1t·L.111 v /,, 1940·&-;~,23vtJr,,.;IJv·v,r!


c:-(~ ~1J:1,J1
~R' ' • . ., .,,~ e 7.)1 if~ ti!• •• •
I 1--'G -'-tt ~i.t .
~ • \.. ~ "Ill · -1

,At ... ; SvtJr'v'L. iA>. .1.

/ ttJ.r",L>?J'1J1,fi.eJ..tf-,t~AAA'
. ,l;Jn~JJ1~/,j:f.Jifr,uLJl~U./'J~"l,Jie,if

r?'(Y ji,~-"'~'J! ttJ~.;;,,_,f\,.,)l,.Jf";;l.y-


?7. '-.1{ -~;:,,-~i.t vtJri "'' iJ(:i.,1~
d}i.t vtJrl'L uJ~i.t- J,~ u;.; ,:;,(. ~ . I
)IJ.11}~ ~rtL.1rilJ,i1JAiv-1.11Jf11_J'
'dvLu.,)~J.;;J.J.,1SJJLdt,~-~-'~1J.i~
. ,

I~.IJ. J.1~v1
. r.,,)'l/1 -0P-<:. .1Jft-J;,.,,:11}L. ~?iv

-k1/ct.frJy~,, L v}LY

j,~L-~,J,_;
rr
.1., u!l.5'.1./--:11.1v. g L ~,.11,;J~ll.,h • •L? ~ tri 1;.P::::...# L~,.;;.z. t:,llJ.-'° · *
lt-.,ou1?,/.orJi_~~.1JLLf ~.1r".t'·~'i)fvru;Llfrtv1.~ ..::.,;o,J:1 .
Lv~~M-J11J'J1!J....(,(Ji.~1;;;1;,A~1'i-rt1(~fo'J~Y,?.(Uilu.1~~.J.r 1

,/1 "-
-~~~~t\.:.,.1r'0~.1.,~.1Jl~.J~,}'1.16'~#..
_!.;t°lf ll.·!v/J~c.1} (u}LJ.--'" I)! ..:.,IJL.J.;1.;1,.JjJY.J~LSi?.rJ~f:t..A -1:.r

v='-;~,~r L..:.,l{'..:.,.,ef.1,1~ ..£,..:.,~..:.,u_tJ r~ hJ~.JJ;r{.r!'-;~/u}LJ.--'" *


-L,;.1~ifl'f 'f--J-f>.l)j)~J,~fu}~,Pt-~£./~',r!0-tJ.1G",h:JV.
SL/°(f~;.;;.1,1..:J~,c.1pJu}Vv!J.vi.J..~.1,1~'-/')Li.J.vi.J..y.f1 *
lt-.t1.)1;f /.. .1),L J --fl c.11;.-,pz /, f tJ 1:2J Jllh JL., _1.JJ.1 J.1'f r1Ju,,Pt
-lf1.1~(..:.,~ ~c.1p.1,1~;.;;,..:J~Ju}V
tJ.,lyP1Lrw1,J,;;;cJ1?.1,JJ,J1~10,ulf..t1(G°~--.ft.,;(tL(tv'f2-?-~c.1V *
_vf'J;1r1t::-t,J)u 1J. !.!vL
...,P.f (.}! r1930 L C)9'1 ~~ ~ 7; 2::,-J o;l,;-1 ( ~:t .1IJJI .J:!)ii)1J:! 1:(
-V~v! ;1-tl.1{/..1,1J.A, ~ti,'( ~LYi L/ ...:.,.11.vJJ~L'.lll)"!Jrl~JJL.--L
J1, L.t1 t.)! t.:)P Lh~(Now or Never)'~~ ~I"~ --.ft L J~.1()/J_;;
-V~u!&LJJ~JN~
-J:~)1J.11}vtC?L~u!vur1~vv';-11.)!,,193aL~~a,..v -tr
-()J'-JJ$J4--- IJv J~1L1,h~t.:)l;J~ JIJA}L~..(G"t.)!r 1940 i:l

. ~.Jl.v~((';:G·
,Su}~(:)! t:)i ~I LYi ,LJ'...:.,.11.v JvLJrl.1,t1 V L ~ ~ vr! r 1940 L ~:.CG° ·
_z_ r
'1 j c:,,.1J..:., ~ 1L<#L t.:) ,_ h JJ,:;?(.:;,,,r4-L.J.;f! ,~
~;IS'.'~1h}.~~;,1,.:,.;-.~:,~;.;;,..:.,11,.1,c:,,1,.1,('Lc.11.f.[u1(Jo~~c.1v *
.t¥..t.li:..~ a.1uJ~~(1.'tt.:&1(l..·1~~.1,1,~v?.,~L;,....1.t1v;;vt::-ut.v-71.-{f
_ J~Yi tj.i'6J; tp7J'J;v-
.. Lu)!)? lL' C°YiJI) 1t.)!,..:.,.1yPo> .
.1,1·6,1.t1 ,~.kl} i ~~I!,/._ c:e:~ 1/.'i.tlJ:.j r:)~lr.JJ:if-:1),..) IJr '(Jo.:~:h.:J~ *
vrl,:,1.11,.J}kcJj~ifk,(?;,f .. ~J·(r,?~~,.,'(Jt}--it,1~~~o~J·,""{ .,
-c...o:1,~e/Lf
,. .
~1·1.)!,}~151,.1;1~ptJ1}v1~~-'-
·• ' ' ' .. ' -

.ill;_,. --. --.· .... .,....


21
L.cJ;),1 LJ.J tY.111)r..tl&u~ -'f- J; ir J~; l5',.;),,v:f-CC7?/.~MJ}U,/.· *
. . -v.1&~&~~1JlP

. . .. : JIJ.ifJ
..
)J1JJirr..t-CCv1-:-?U:,J£r'f-.L')~SvLlr'L~(l~1Jtf~~),;
1.1}J~0~,.t1~!\f,.;cf;1u}~lt5Jy.~.v.-?.JP0,,.PJJ;,(iv:1J}Jt;?-Lu}LJ..:" .
u}~r..t ulLkd-fC.o?vLJ~J;.1Ji;~~li-' )L~ Su= ufo4-tJk.Nif ui.JP,~
if r..t ~.1r"J\Jr1nui"~1 ~"J'i_:;1,~ J?),, ~?Jr;L r.:)v-,;;,; iP,:- ~Yi r.f .
'-/')LcJv,.ki.1,1L0~r..tu~.1,1u.;;.,IP;t;J,Ji-uYi.1fa.1,1.1C:!Ji,.J.JP,J?r.fc/.L'!
-L~VW~l;,o(~tJi;..,J?Lt;J1,~r..t~1r.:)lJ..,"l.)lf.,tJ?
r -~.l{JIJJf}
u:,,.;;-u,r0;:!t_lf'hJJtJt..l(JIJ.1l}_h,./i,)t./Lt.1JL,$1JLJgL,1JJljLi.:.[~li,M -tr
iJ't.9.1 .1~ '~.t1 V ,t))t} ',GIJ.11}~~-k,h yWJ~1L.n.L./~~J,11.11}v.,.J~L
(:1.1,1YL:;1lc:.i~,JLi.:.e:t'1rcJlJ..-'°_kJ.li,;t:a!'"0t;.f~J,,.11}'~,~LJ-{,kif-1
I'
Id l Ci ,. , c-, -L.J IJJI)
H JJ
I
_a..,. L""~.,v·\.,I
L
1- ('; •
i.::... I
~ '"

)JI ',![.Jr.:}) jL ,.l~cJL:-,Ml)J)~ IJM -kJ.1ljr.:)L;Jh (c..,1>.h1J.1l}~1LJ-~J}lb/. -f:r


-t..1..J4:-~1Jl~~G-J4--?L~L~};.JIJ~~/I

~ J L_l"!.n,y~.i.Jr?f~.J~I( (.)J,Pl

u}v~v...Jr-~Yf~yr~,L?/.~~·~
-Ye: r.:)L;Ji v-~L~,Jf o~ 4"-(.,\; IL ul1.~P! 1

~1?42?i/.,f
(Cripps Mission 1942)
(Sir Staffora Crlpps)t.fo.f).1~ L,:; U,/. ¥Pl.)!.;1942
~t~ /uJ!;1L ·-"~l'11iL
• I, ~ \ii • • • • V-,,. ~Jr;
• '/.. ;. c;,, '-...Ct·
if"~~/.-.~ • U_r
. U1JIJ~j J,.Ji(t L,.J,f-~.1((tfvf ,_r'!if Lf~
..--.------'tlL'· -- . ·-·
-h J,.; .11} .1IJ___.j ( ,JI f ..;..r L7. ,.(,, ,J J}.)j
v-VJJ.1PL._:/folh'-'lff(_L.4-J'~.1jL(;)L::f£i1).11j~0v(0L:-,,k?~v
. . ,

Jd:...,JJ'(J'[JUJ;LJ1Lp£,Lu,~Ji~(f1939_1945)(.,J,!5'-G.f,(ti:_7.10;
-Lvfj~~L~,Ju,;,
... ~. . -
.frJ.!?(rL~/.--,.f
. it '

·Y..J(fJ?~/
-if-~~,,ljJjr;,.l)Lj ~.!
v)u" ~1"uJ!b/.~~1J.lrJ,..:C-.1,1J,.1...c1d£\?J1.:i~L~!b/.r;,rr-/.~L~ -1
_J~J'~f c.-(.))1...CIJ;S
_L,_f ~4;,:-·Jh,,,;Luil;,,k4(li~o),~~,,,.,,f.ll;.1Yl,l,u) -2

L u¥!;1.--0}uJ~yPj~,'t,~ LifoSL~,J~J< iJ;r;,~~Lt.5;1.r-r;,{ 1 -3

vi'.k4fi.:i 14-,-P;:_(Llf~~LY-i,J4-,-Pfic.-lJ0,tYr;,[·1-,J1~~/(;)(.,f
_JJ'fu~J1;1J'.:1ho~c.-;r;,.fLuJ1.1~1~;.,Lv.:J'
_L,_f ~L~1(1..J1~i;..~L~LJ?L:u;!i -4

$) !,'i.J ylz Lr •L..-•


4---,-PL1,~}'l(~~J?.Yo.1\;-t(~L~Uv(e/;J1 '(-P(~~,ljc,? ~J' 1:r
Lu;!,_tiJr.Y(;)~1($,f~i::f';ui-L-afJ'f1r~~''..cru~1LJ;yfr;,{ r
.111ft(G"P.L.JufJ(.:.~l.f1(0~1~1L-'1(Lf.'c.-L1rL~LJ?
J;W1J~.J~l4-UvL(;)t:.1-'1Jhbil~i....Ll~,lju;«)~VIL-P(h;:IJ1
. -liV'Vvi'(-" (,)!~J~{)}L5,1})JI(,)!
c{rfut.,-PL~;,_b1hr ft,f,if-L·~.f,J,f~J:,~tzuk--!0L,,J2';;(
~L1.1.f,1~,f(tt,~,JfJ{(~L1.P:Lr::V~t~t~,L,,L;;yL
*
. _J'°'~1Lf~

_l!j i,l__;_f.,. - •• r--~ -, - ··--
I

y 1944 ~ ,f,..z J';: ( - i l>. .


(Jinnah:-Gandhi Talks 1944)

,
'I
-i
.I

i
!I

Mf~1,.('f-~j,..(J)V- ci1':f[¢0'v_ftf~.tlrt.)!,,1944Ju~L~~(
...J/,;i.J!-~~~\J)l.Vh(LYl~-f--/Yi.:.-lHL/~1:;.,1J_,r.:,~~·~";"'!~U~ ·
. , , , L .,::....,11..,1
v .. Jv.,
r.. ,•, ,•~l..f.LI
• ?#.l,.4,, , G.. - "if'o~,;viL~-LJ-"('i;;.,J~J'.):O
.s" -~ . v .r (( v
,YJv)Vi'~·C,~
_,
I

J.:!., Jj~;fh~ L.~ i.;!.:.-irtJ._J.fi i.,; ~Yi~.?.:~irtJ.[l.f("t-tfJ.;~J{J'~iru.~JI.


t,., L tf.t't i.t ~irtJ.u!-~JJ;f1J~) ~L~ JiPL ~··}ft·.n,.)Jy (i;:.,J.lryL~J'
{ vlL ~.t'lr-~'f-.Jf~lrtJ..::...~Ju.J.~.::...~J'-~l;!L4,1J'(ufV
. u.,Rt,i"r'J,uJ,}_£~fh}.JJ)4~~-v'"-''·VJ17,
· i;;~~.ri,;J.:!.,J1.:Jk'".JJL
~1.fiJ.dt-l_?JJJJ J~0ifol.n~~J1 U!IJ.11j;1;1(~-'J_cf'tfcfiJitJi>i:ffe{
-1,J.h.b1t ..:::... ii- L f;JiJ hJ 2.. tfj; '(,../.

i,Vtft!.t'f
(4:-~,;.J,),,.,,;Ji/S~i-lLt!~f»!LvJ'.,·_,;L1,p~.,,ul~fJ.~'vL fPi..(tr
24
~.1,,L~ 1)»:;,-/~v11"L~ k(r{.J" tJitJ.11}_r7(.f ~~~Ji tf:A~viu,..
L:)(;)~ P .fJ ~~.1,I vf( i.J. ~ .1,I L~ cfJ-',.. J,IJf..~.1}_(:f'" ~ l)J~Ji
-v_fe..l
'-:"" I?. ( t,_t [$

iJ.J ?-~o,fh).1,J{ .:.,~Lf1.1,11 ).1,}1.).1 t..1,1 (.f'J....(i/;u1v1L if;: (L t,.tG"


. , -: tf J lu,;-
~ ~ tf..t't.1,1 vl', ,.f/.L.1.? - .J,p (L:)c:1\ J~LS,u rcfL:)1;-,."1.f
--:

_cc:,... lfvi ~ 1,f-..:;; r"


"
.1

(C.R Formula 1944) ,, 1944 VY.J~ .11,(f


i1.,J1.ti.J. ~~1.1,11,f.c...-cfl....( j ',);4L:)iv,Pz"cftf;:(L..::,...,"1':t_fi~
iJLh,/IJ} ~ .l~i.J.JlrJ;L.---filr,.tirLtf;:(~1_0i.1~L:)lri./.U£/"cf v1
-iJ..,Ll.1L[I,!
. . Pi?f f~1.1,I VJ~1~.1!ftJkf
; . . DI.I J.,~ Ltf;:(i.J. J;L,.-Lfi_tfi?J
rtLJ:.-?1.Ji.J.r11;.,1~c...-vl.1A ~'v'-~vr,.1-ft ,v.1,~;!-~'~.lf' J ~/~t1.1JJ~
_lJ1?~

JL/
~ Dl.1.1,1~(i.J.~1944&,.1L
.
.

v'-1.)) ~?/L,,...1G._{IL,.,.1r..1
- - ~
vL7 t- ~ L("tJ Y.1ij· .1 'Tc if' f L Y.1 ij
.1~ttf;;({J~~>10ic...-~L:)l.1JJ
-ui1.1.)1~ -~,,Jr; ~ L:)k'°.1) L ('..ti;
L.n-LJ'~L,.-.1\i; i,l.fcf.t(;,l=';~IJ~/c;.,1;J,~
. .
~k'1),[i.,rL.L ' I L'Y.JGLfl
~ r?~.ti; .
-.i:.J.il;,,.1J~(;r1L~.t1G/i,(5 -.fVo(1h~~94:4.j{,a~i;.-~U-LY°1GJr,ji;
., . .

ou,ILtJ.tt<f r,.tir.1,IJ',t '"·~.r\: . . 1~h;J'Ll("cJk-°.1J&,~(j,1j./(iuy1G;- ~ t: ·


-i!.1.t.fi.rfif ;_,!l~~.u?~:<.t1.~1
25
••
J.i=-41L-:--J--~~.1,,J.l'J~Ldv-,Pi?.,L~~(G\Ji'i.1?-PiJ.n(r,,I' ~ -2

VJ-AV/ilfi~(rfLu~2-r~Yiu13Su,\vu~(~f~~Jisi~i
. _Li,1-/~(L.t1Ji;,i..t~1.1~u1i:::...IJ!ui,J(''" ,tJ~.1-;
.:,rft5:1Y.0Jf'f-J)ZJ~1if,c...-=.-~.~loJ.1Jl'f-Jf~.d,?0LJJIJl0dV'Jfa1-Q~1)1Jr -3
_J4fr (fJ.o?L--Lv.l,~i;,Jri..trk7 L
v- J'f;-r u~'-''' Lf J;..:J.,..- t;t t;t2-L---L (11/0 ?Lz (fh,i 1:,,;~ I(Ll.1-:--1~1!, -4

_Lvf J;j;f;,{,.1?°""'(.t1.1~11(L~(~LL/Ji;-
_L~fkYJ{U'-f~('~{).,...,L.ff;.,1J-1.1~jui,Ji1.n~((b7£v~~)i .. -s
· -'fi°'LJ'J~..;-,.1,Wi.1-J,r't.nJ?t~h~(u)~r.Ji -6

Yt.JIJ/.)c... (JLLf ..::/f_{dV'JPi,:?'J./.~fJi (.nJv!i.?.1r'(fl-J/{ LJ"'A; -7

. -~~.n~.riuflJ~-=.-t.1~l~.1tr- ·"' L~
-~J.hy/ LY-.1ij:) "Lf i:::...'--:1?L_1,~J.J~~Lr,.ti;-

.~t94s.Jj(¥
(Simla Conference 1945)

i::;...(;)l;.-,A1:,,1../k1/iJ1;1,1~~J{==·U:,-1.~f
f JP,~1µi._ ~Y,~t1,~·l.1Jl'--)/~1.Zl1~1
... .·
"' ~.:?
JJ.J~
,,
•••

· '~;l ~
~!;:,:,~.JJI 1..i~)t,

J'Y' ,,.~v..tD-~J
r . /JI .;
#

·:1.,IU?I~ oJ,JJ/i:::...(lhJI k1J;~ i(uf..j .


.;:.;Jzl::-:.1j£uy)f.:,.,,u.,.Jr-v.:..f~~~'(u.,jJ
L"V r'L,1...:U,-1....J~
••
r.$. _Lfe.1Uv~J..t.J
T • '/'
'(

~-·---_..,... ·--~}..:,.'.
tlP}. /J~J ...,Y~L ,J/( f [J
~,.fu..ivf ~ti\;? LJ1 i..-k -~4 v! CiL LJiJl?t
if.I' Li, 01.f!Jlr~' ,,, ,j2JJ~tJifL-"'Jr;;v!~,.Jff ?f '(Pi~~Ltf.;:(_~~

-lJh&J"tt::-Lhi{LY°.1~'--/'Ju<,~LJ:lrJ01;J~Lt',~G'-L
JJ(...fiJ:,.LLhi{J1..,,Lr-/.LvLliL01,J}U,/.v!c1L:-.,PiJbJ.1u
-vC'f4-~u)k-l'?L)~Lu~.1,1~J~fa',~rLrfrV0U&1(L~.
_e:,..Jr;; ~&1 Jg:1.1Jv! 0~J.t,
r
- ( LJr l ~ t::- if/if LJ f U, L>k--( litJ/-'"'/. .1 _;;--) I( -1 .

t ...()"--";,'VL ul }Lfk--,JJ--"'/. (.)! ~.£,, JL~ J~ ~f JUD, ifJy. J.1/ -2

lr
-LUJ10LJr'°&~.1,1,;;,zL!v!01-LV:

J1i(ff ~(,1(li"-/'Jo,U&L~1.1.l= l..G,1("-f~Av,J~fJ.IJD1~1Jy.'J.1/ -3

-'"-;;;Jy.J.1/:,~(0(;1_(,z~?/.

_Jv( i:,if~ ~fJUDrifov!Ui.r'(li..4'!L~)~f~fJuDtt,J!~ -4

. J~nrJjl(Jft
_,J d}<.tJJ_(;fav!~194sf~(;1Lurl.7.Lfk--~~L~hi{0~Jb
~ _;),,J ...p f':,/,t..J:.111Jl)I(L[)IJ.1,,_,,i':::.-.;;; -~·_;),J ,J./(<.t JJ(_(!J) ..:::tJ .
"-PL.iL (.).t:.1i~.1;,~I Lf.1J, L,LJJ.yP(V,_?~)l~.JIJ/~''(.)IP J~k1 ''fPi~,;
/. r" • •
. -i:.-.t'i ~/

'(l.5;1,,;::,,,..f~,f jJ};JJ'(_,Jd)<.tJj (YL~,kr l.i~1rL~w liJ .%

LrjSifL(-"Zf_,.¥-1.11,flu).f~Wi.tiJ?~~d}~Jj(Ll.ft,;.JL~ 111.taty
• ":i.!.'- ,-,..,,.. . --.....- • .• u------·~
27
- fJ1 uJ .1J ~ '(J;7t Ji:J~I i:J~,~ Jt.,-i ;~ 1 (~~/ ~ j ,f L01J_,J L ~ ,J./f
~i:J~-0f/Ji~v-.f(_J'-_;;?t-P~fi:J~,(u.(~f0~1..:JrL~.tG'

J'u;~/~~ .J/.1Jl.J/o,J£ L~;'{Pi.tu-J1.1J't)urr1'111.,{v1.1J1d:....4':,..1


~ .. .
().1~~!,.JJf~f~)JL.~~L~(jJIJl(L!lli,ILL~l.,_L?,-~tt?~Lzo.;{LfAPIJ

fL?,-~oJ-'f-.J(G°{~Y';-lo,~~~tf i/1.1/ r1i> 'u{J;?tJ'~~7Jol/./L


.JJI £.J1,:,cf6J..jiJJ!_J.i:JL.JIJJ( L.f ,l.;{IJJl))l)//-P~ .J(vl'r.1,f ~?
-itr(/?+{-:;;14·J/JJ(J}
f?Vhit1(u'..i:(;,1L~,J~,.1Jd~Jt,v,JLJ1J}(.)!Jj(J}J'L(L~..tG'
~

· f 7c:C1r ub1,l-fi~-JJ1,:,~~(/!.f J~L0,~~4':,..1Ji.!Jl0~~~ .Ji_liJir


&e:Ly194·s-46~~(f°'('wL1,L~u!JvL1,L1_f,!iy;,~~~.1J._i;y(r,;:i;
(:.,, J.1~ ~!.' vf( L 1)~1-L.a?vL..y~ .J/.1,f...J/i;J!),-'" fi).f ..:,.ltL

L & C: ~ (f·, -h J '-J .1~1 ( J.;{IJ ~ "'° 1 .f '-)~.,., f_.fi~LJ1 L.h y/t,JP'lz,IJ;J.
. .
-1 )fr ,j~1.,~,~J'._i;:,,--'.u1,.1,,~,jif ~>''i
i' 1945-46-.::., ~ t-·,r
••
~
_ (General Elections 1945-46)

OJ.JJl'f-~Vv!(tfJUP'lzu~__ilff11()JJt~o)l.t,l~.P!LJ(tifJJ(Jf

oilb.,,:_ v!J"- .;:-,.1~v'-i;.J 2!£.1 Jr 1f4':,...:,;,,-L vlz ~ u:·'-"~ L rLJ:'.,,: .


o~v!, l94S/J-~J.fuJ,~I (1li:J1£..~~f·1,r'w)i;.ifL~ ~ (~tt./..1(.)lfL..:vf
~~it·,LiJ?Lzr,vo di;::.-,;;,; _,,.n.-4} rL,,.I~~ rf·,L u.J-'iJ~~v!,~ 946~.Jr..1,1.~ "';·
-~J.ft:,1~i~?.;v!
28
.1?(-Q~,,v/b"
.;Ji.Jur-Jf Jr?:tL(rk1h1;TLf-..::.-.1rtf..::.-~,....(,f~1~p.f~.1P~b"vfi<
JfcJrJ,··.n,~ -::...fl?. okLitfulj.1,1 J.mfrrvL1,c....1v-?-/,o,f ~,J!J( v.f(_,J.,1
' I

-v.J _c; rr7~_f~Lv.f b"

(~(cJ~}l-LJ.,1Ll.1"":""l?1l,f!'-ALcJL:J~..::.-~~·,(~f~J!J(rPi..cG'
i../'(,.JLf-~Ji.Ji~ ~-, L-Q(-L l:> L(; Y.,}J 14Uv(..(1.;..,,L~ k) 2;... c)L:J~i°'u.: J.ofv
c)l~J-Jf~Lz(L~Ji-f-dl.?.oPV~l.,tf u}lJ.--'"L~/,oJf,.f..,.o?L--L~!J
J.UvLcJL:J~;,J.1,}fIJ'~-Q(-u!Jfui,JkvJ'u}l.YJ:.yiif[Jf~v-
-L ~y;J"'~ lf1.,1.zj ,J'1u; LY v- u J~J:.Y,~.,1L f h )/~i~, ~P.
(~~·,
_J'31~t~((t!f,;,L~(..::.-.1r'fiv.f(_J~(~J/.)Ll)rl.?.lfk--(V ,tr
-t'-.1,J...£"":"")"~J/.1.,1"":""p.~J~u!J'-.1?Ld.fG'Lv1
~~.,,t:[_Jl?1~~·14-:u?L?.(k.1,1;;.;Ll..P11~u1.71,J.1~ ~i,L,JJ'( '(;(
I/ r-r' /
-k~'(»t,;/''fi
l ••
02....,.1,;..-l.10
L IJ-')~L ~( ?-v' ~.JIP(..:;,!f .,..:;,.,,,.?- L0}lJ.--'"..§~ ..::.-~~·, ~~U/JJ *
..:;,.1.,.?J'..::,,/0.,ilJ..-'" L/ ~.1_,JjG}J?.,~L d~1JJ::1 Lrt..cG'_ t{.~.1.,)/...1(
i:r&~u?L?.C5::1vr1.1<;,1LV~~-JL/~~~~~ux~(-0tr~
, - 1,1 ™ ••. _£.,1Jl;v-~(L/ -.
I vf'r tJ,t~ v! u~ ~, L t'i--'ir *
L cJL:J~ ,~ r: t.t ..::.-~~·,fVf
.1,1,J'-/~';' !(f~Uv ';-'(.)!'-.I~
J ,) ui L f $~~~ ?/.~t~
i;JlmL(.1= 11.1J• l(.)!.:-~~·1£.,1945-46 ('.,:G" -kG.~I ( ..:,.,pf ..:,./J.f.) L (11(-L
29
...;,,: ~ . . tJ • • .; . • ·~ ~ ,µ,-·
-v..;···-u'd.rrJu/;~IJ--:J-:.J),t;?;?-L,~i..t~,~~r .
. . .

.... .J.,,'dl;l'~ L,.;1.,LL" r'dl;f~t7)Ld-"-J ?l~-u~LJ~.o!l~~ i;,; * ' I

/~:;,.L~~~.,1),JL ta-L(lrJJuv'--JL ~,~tJ1~ 't~(c1~r,


-lf't~;.1,~~j,~

~ {., ~ ,j '-:" (f·, ~),.;''~:-LL,,/,.;!


r 1945~.;:,,~,f·1-L J:,Jk!.;Ji'iJY/

L..p~{U;-.:J~ v~ 30(li-vf v~r3otL·vtlJ?i.1-?/.'-){-4-Yl -


J ~r'v-, f 1946 _ J ~ k" (~ Y /~ ~ Ui, L.t1.·~k-" (i,~t d:..:.1tJ ,L,y; '--Ji{ J
_uf' v~r 492{ L,b(.f/. (.}! u¥1J~r1rli'='-L (.)i.~-L.n..:.,~f·,·L'-"¥,
0vf rL u?lz I.)~ <f- rJ~~ i),.t,::,·i.1"{ t,J~r1{/,, J 1~ r ~is L ~-~
~I;)~~' -lu.,h~Jf.tj~l;J~ L~C:~~lfLo.,dl~cJ-IL,-4~~J'J'~.lz
_/f viJ,)~.U,J/J.~;~_?i
. ,,1945J;(rJ;ilit't,L..Q~
(Muslim League Legislators' ~onventibn .1P46'l.

L J:, uf/ ),1J~r7 LtJ L.n ~ { J L ~ ~v- J~.,£t94i', . t.~11,9


-'1'Yl.(.)i:iiJ'i.:-f.{J~..:.,)~J_i,,J:.iJ?1:11,,.'tJ!~,1l~~~~-[~;(-f,(Jt;,i;..1,,
.._c r' ,>,;] J
.u.P,J.,.f',..yl-()-..JJ)V·'~ . _,,.P,'-_v(;;.~lv~'~Ibo
·~I' »« .. ~f",.1._~L}~-'/~~'L(
/"; . " ..... . ,~l.t'i.
. :f1L)~7L f'-tfv;-'IJA},:{)}~'Lt;,1~1r~'~Lu.t1~~,r~~, J'c,1~_1.1,I

i../..J/ 1 L/ w);.-.,.JfJi1Jkl t~~,~,,rf~t-/~~·~A~/--fiJi;,;." .


~·,.1~,J/,yL,J1~ t::..w·J.~1ifJ'.~IJLfr1Jt;1f;!.1Kip~u;~~u;f~~ 1

. H
-~/~'-'
• r' !.,, ( '" 'I' J ("
j. ~.I; . ·. D~
r ~ • . t;.,i.)'f.:::....~.r../~··("°'r~JipJ,;if.1Jl~'-"l1J;J.
!:J 1J' ""
t .• ,,;:;
1
. J,Jc:f;~~J;f/_;~,Jfi;;lj
JL£u~~dL"= -,kf1.Y1;,= '(Ji).11}.,;,uu
-~L.Y1(JP-efti.:)1;.J~i.fld'f.l1L?~tv!
JJ.1,.,<ef~r J, 0~1-<-;, JIJ.11}.,.,,._{,~Li.11
v VLfv:= ,,,.,,;v, _f.,."''h. ,e. .1}ft. ?.,.f J;L
,~t~v=e~)"JP,rvr.,.,,J~v:=.~J?Jf"J'
--f,.JJJ, f i.:J t:-? JLJI a,.,vc( 1jfa;,d).m/ ~ Y"
·• .Jl;#J}.I J f Jf)f .

fL1:-J1.fJ~,~?J'~~v'-L~t.5,~,Jj
'~(Ll:k.,/(t;,2t-~ ~t;/~
1940?.
VJ1.1JJ.f,,, rlf.lo,.:::....JIJ.1l}v1
0

l)WJ!'d~r i../..JIJ.11},.ff
~Ld~~(g~/.fi~ i:::....(t::;,LJi£,;fJ1l~~L.fJ~1.JW(C(urh.1".
-h ()1_;k, (':-,J~}Ji~L JI .JJf i.: J.f.J.)f
1-1946cJ~?~(
(Cabinet Mission Plan 1946)

i./- dL°=-,k L J-,1.11J~-<.;.,t.5}1b/. _/r.,,;;,//. J.1t_r.d (./!~lb/.i../.. 1945 f

J'~t:-,M ~, .i:..v-~()J f.-" L i:f"v'- ~j ~ '(_l}vJL w4-u~ J.tt J'.'}.


Lf(/f!Jul}J:.u:,,.,..;.z.J,1ui!Jr'"v,J·.J''L'f',JJJ't,jJ;,f ..::,:,of.J~,,~,J.1rJ
<.t?v'-c:C.ri v,i~,fh J)~t\L~~ ~·,(~~L~J'~f
J'L.J~ 1.flt,;,ll;,,.Jho~
_i,_J,;.v;,J
~v~/ -3 .1i..P-,_i.5j_J, -2 t..l:~f;.1K/ -1
_7 r ~ L(?- ~ ,~ tt.-4.ir;~~,J ilbv. ~;,,~ '-''rLi..f,;

~,JiJ~LJJLkl.J(.fk-..P
Lvi.~.1,1u:;.1f_t:{:..:.,1/,..z~(.)J!.h1.Jlf~...Pf ,J:.r.J:L,i;)'-''LJ~,, *
~{url?.J}.yim.t~,fif _,./.~i.; J!,.JrJ'JJ?).Jf..VJk>)Jy~~ILt,JJ
..f?hJAj~.APIJ(J'~fl;)c:1~,,?L.. ...Q~4:-tl,J)'~._;;,,,.Li.1J'.(JJI
~~ul,)LiJ,_J'~i;-~..tSr-?~iJJ!~u:~,~i{,khfrJ~,,L1.1.!,
-h~~if£,_jL·de~1fjj10rf
cJ~J:.d.J~L~lb/.('i/.;,-:.:;j~~~Jhf?..:f£uiJJ'4 J',iz:-~.::.-tfi..z *
L!h)~fk.1,,.J,J J;J;;.1,1JL~uJv:1.;:.,;.'f,1JL./J1,,,Y1.J,~~,/~,~.f:~,
• ,#,· ,_ c,,. :..
rP,,. o,J1lb./.'--
• • • • ( "" ,~(
u.,t11_u~u.l'{cJk:v''-', '"' ~~J.riv?.:.,f..~·cJ~li.f,v.? lf.:t
.f.'. A

tr { )~ Jl:=-PJ }JJ_J,; 'f- ui;:l~L Ji:J£.·JJ7~ L) }~_y ~fh)~I?.!


~,;.JJI v.!JJ.-(tr-/.f if't,jl.JJJL ..;:& ~~ ~ ,;rL (l..tli ...T'."J1~,tl~Jt.--
-~J"'~
, . .~,Jll.ii(Lh-1(i
Y' ? " Cl~ (.p~~la.::..rlui,J!!.1
'~ I V &
·i)~:r.rJ._(,
- ·A~,,.A,;~,~.;..::.,; (;/'.!
· · _.. ,,ii •
' .
,. •, ,,r •

. .
. . .:!J~
. . . ~'(.~.Ji,'(
-'Cl , . ._.

. ~~ . ' • •t " Lr
·. . L.
V(~)ii'::Jz:;,(~J'l.1,I ~~U.'-k''lA!~·,'1).Y~~~(!;l'-wt,' ?..::.:-'
• " • ~: - •• • , W, I

C1J)~,Uk v4,\r V ~Lli1t4--~~-~


.
_;),~,
'
L d,:J1 .c;lif,1946c~f
.
6-£ ,~{
. . . . ._,. ,, . . -· i'iJ.)
l,,,U c ••

.• _ .• _..__........__._.,,·~--_._·---·-- ·- . - r:fj__;, .. ·- .
di-f~./. -1
k~J~,...f,-Jv-"'Jt,;.~J!\.l)~j,14-.r1Jv- dt.-J L'!u)c.fr.f dt. ..ftk/.
,(y.,,.~1(Lf..ti...:..!J_,.Pf.i1/-L,J.r.£L..:..LVly";Jl,-?.1l,;,1y"l,l, ~,J; L J;,_ {L.~

a,.;;,.,(,ffr'-:,/-":'r L'-?/·~r';" : ~~,.!


(l,., ;,J~ : tJ'~,./
Lui..r1;,1f'/_JL!J1;:~':",J:,,~J~.r1,~(5/;,l)!t/(~J~,'(~}(j...{,~
· ;,1..:..1;~,cJ~1JL~J~.r1;;1,,~tS_ui.rtf-i:.4:-)ft,,v-J..,1f?~'ti"..::..,11i;;,
i;:J;,,.?-~.1;,14--.r1_J'--hir-0.~,;;,, ~r.f~.r1~ (~,ff l{V-'--J~ Lr-11~,,-,
/~~Ll)J~'-'"'{,JJ~f J'i,:)IA.A.;JIJ (Jt-L v.f~~? l)!~(.1,1Y,;L,,t,:)iG°
. J"' ·~·
: , 1-
- '-., f. L.)) o» ll ":' .t"'fi
/
'-J1
;£.- ...
. .
-1JJJ:::
~~·,rJ.4i;l(/. roi/-3
v. ,. ~ ;, .,.
?.t. '-.!{ u· .r;l,.,~rJ ft--~ rJ.. f "":" if·1 tJ;,; ~vt 1uY/~cG,L·tJ¥i J ~.,.-
_Li.f c.d i~1~1~,!J~r'vi°lfLf~d 7,Jf'/_J'-J~",Li~L
. .
..:!/f (),1,! -4
1J',1,(-ILJJ:(r.il{.1,Pl).1J!..£J.!#"J,L
1~f~-if Lf ,f (,;{J}l).1}..::/f().JJ!
v~i.f~1,;,rvJ1..\t,.;yftJ.JJ!_Li.f ieiJ~~-~--vLu?Lzu~J}.v-~"f
~~..,,,?ti rJ~ ...l:n.1pv,~ i.tjr, JW;1~(-fL~ .Vv!fJt,;.t.J!~ri/,Jl..L
. J~.t,1L:.~~1l4-r>;,;-(£/'J..y~,.!i:;~01.J'14 Jj~?;r7Jf/,.»1.L1qL~f·
-!f'°L''' '"'""" . -\.-o(~
_(,,;.1~1(.:;J,}~--rJ.I

,f~t::..,cJff.-5
4-r'ni-fiJ/~i./- ,-.}f:,/t,J;!£ IJi.x"
/11.flv!'f l v.1~ t.f~ '(Lne~~·i:f.t.
~L t.f~,J;,, ~~,JL$v'- (~'f V~LL.1.!Jvl.l,M~rJ~~Jtt~J'!tJ'
_(L1fnt.1{~(~}J1.1,1L/~cJ~;~Jv~o,f1J'-J~/~}~cl?i
' . . . '
: r- ;
·-. · .· ·.,-• · •....• : ( "
~, ) ••
JIJ7!v:·;,·
·-:-6
y_,~c,?~(~lzuk--Jf}iffJ~ $..j,j.y_,~'5-:JL.? 4.--LL/Jilvl'(
hJ f~L?. t.f~J1_J_r'7( LnJ~v! .::/ftJ.1?.;:J1,J£:..h;vv-f,u.rf-, Jf~tf
h.1f~,~o,4-i.ft~.11f tLv1'8~;~~1.'Y(_p~fi,;J~(t.jt_JL./J}.h_,'fr.(L'!
_ ,JL 'v..::/ftJ.1,!tJJ/'-/- ~/LI:) '-Jl).J;:.,,{j I;)~?~,i.1:!(1Jt-S'-)
. . ~. (
Jt ~i..J?lz (f~.c?
. vf'(~~,l;I
~
-1

cJ (..,1 (~Lv-.f ,_ V~ ~ lcJ ~?


k-.'{ .1}L $.1 (:5.1) L (.)ilJ~~ t.5./r'(

':.f-kJ./J/cJ~~Lil> .LcJ~"fr/L,/-4:-f-.1AL.~u.",Pir,/..i.JulJ~(.),!
. ~~-2
hr ~Uv ,_p(!,,~ i vt./J (cJ~; i..t cJ~ f liJ~(cJ1-LviL J:;,L-{1.~·
:&L)~t,..n;~'f-·~kJ .
;;{~Ji,'--.1?('-'f-k-'h));1;;-~/4-~L~J'}~v!·cJ~L,jf7J,)1~"
. ':.~' f .,.vu!(VLurL.11UfnJ(Ji..,.L?/.
' •• •• . .
f <..1.1
J,.Jt?r 'fPi~r
~L~~JJufarvL,~;;'G".:.~J'-J)pil(Lf~?fr'i;;'G"LiYI~~ .
fr' J" • ' r • f.'i/ ,\ • • t:J:y ,f · f.'r/ I r: .i!!> (' . - ,,,. V
-~":--~ \;JviL.lf/~;;,llJ?~t '":"''-O'YlCl~{<./:.l"~-t..1.1r,,U,1·~c,·
1
~v

34
, r; io-4!lu }~ J:.j.1\_i._.~ L J t,, ,JJ l 'f- t- ~.n .• 11, ~ t.:J !? /,,.r\ J t.:J ~ L fi.t G'

,JL,,:,-...:J:;,.1,1($..;;11,J,/.;:-Lfi.tG',,,_£.J.,..::,f.1~\,J''(_(L~Jtr(Lt:~
-
,J..:.,,"fJ.1~0,_L,/1,j~I ,~~ l,j ~liz.J
• .• .
f L i_rf'(~ LA1it:..-}.-L of To::... (..)?-J.L.i
-1 ,;;y IJk. ~,/
. Sui.-"" Lv1J-'.i~J3,1l/_J;v~11,,J!f:1
.

L~"'LJ-=..;./r.i e-e,r!i.11 Lr;?'~ l< E,1>, J,t('i..t(;'

~LzJ.7.-fi.J',['--,/;;t{..i}Jft.J~o,fL{lt.J~IL?~(1,IL~1,Lfi.tG'
{J.!f:1°J~ftJ1/._ilL,jf'(1,1J/~~~'~'.;/f_,;k1/JJ~,2-~~~
~{J~o~,/fi.,t,;_V..J,!ir~u}Y"l.htoJ)..J}~Lff(L.;/f DJ' _J.n~P~J
-k,.ilj(1..J,~v(tt.J,(~1946.,Ji16L~~kJ:lt.J~t((1.J,~,1LuJ11,fl.n/;
(Comparison of Cripps and ~abinet Mission Plans' Prop~sa'ls)

. ~..,.....,__ _.. ~- _.,5f"i,;._• ~, - - -.


i- 1946-47~,'(j,;,!'
(Interim Government 1946-47)

1.1-t L..::.J'lzv1J',[~)..::.,t, ,f ;;...Jc}fi..:/f,J.1,t/....:y~L~1,f r;-: J~i;.-


,jt (L lvL JJJj t ~LI-~~
·- 'II
eJL T..::.J'lzJ .% J?_.Ci..(
-
r; c,.1JL.t (.:) 11,,:, _ r; •I)•hP (.:) it• .r.,;. /(••

Ji,;,j.1,tJJ..::.,/J,fJ;v..:/flvJJJ~ (1},J1.1,1i.1J'(f:"~},LPt LYb-'.rt,;~,


-V~ra.q(rPi~J,/,_,i..::.,l; 4.1}

.1}J.1jL1.1f'(_LLh7t1.1;,~~.1,1~~J~L__gf-:,,1.1f(J.~L~~
J~,',J}f:,JJ..::.,1.,,fLJ;7t1;J(J1~~/J}~L,.,i..::.-l;-JJ.ff:,t,Jt~~I({
~Lf?-LLy;Ji;.v! ~,'J.1.ttf..J}~ J?LL{~1,_i} J1.1t.1,lvi_Lt:;_J,;./~
_J'c.j.1a,.%J:!L 1..::.-~~0l!1(Lf'1.1t~,L__g~
~.• rtt!A°J
. £,JL viu, iS'f~,f, 1937-39.f V~r v! vllr'L~I~~
-LL,, L;,ef~i;.,Pt~)ifJ~.1 i}{s\--:7-L~fv!?JhJ, !eA,:, ,Pt ,;.1, ~~
-L Ir.rt '-pf Ji,..::,_.::,(.~L ,Ji 1),,-j Jri ().1 IJ 11.1 Ir f if..:;/fo,f 1.1/(/, i./....::., tJ jp ~I
,~,.t..:?fJ-:1Jt~~,1L!J/J,l..::.,t,tf Pt.L~1,fh;L,;:.,~Lui,1J(Yf
' -~-.J tf ,1.1), .

. . 0~,., (j}L '{ I;},,;;~ i.1,~ L ..;;.& ..::.,~ ~1,.... L fe'lL,_;J,, L r,(G" -

-t,f~~1(LJiJ11,1~J'i:~1h~}v!~f.rJ;d'L-!d~ .
. ·-£.J;jc,.1J l.JJ,t~ ,~.· .
, , "r..... JI., ,.,
~.1~J, -3
. ,: )
;?.--:, :,tJ! -2
. · . v\;,(,t-:,jk'
1;
-1
' . '

. JiJ:?~t)J:k. -s . ""~"~~ f.1, 1 -4


. ;y ...
u;~..;.,,-..;,,.fV~tLh;-tvtiL~~
· -~~tJ.11!/.~,lf,~'(J~'ilt.1.ik
37
v!~(tu rr~'i.'1:Jl.Y'° ~L v.f (_7(5i.1JiJ1.,,).f rL.n ~,., JJ;vLu;l,L,,i
_7J.fJ_;;n;,f.Jui~a,f~~i;&;t!lilL.fJ~

,_.• ?~ 194 7, c)i': 3


(3rd June 1947 Plan)
(.) (t J'Jt,).I !J
_1,v~~~~(~~j~((Ji..;.1,1~~~~(/~~J,t,l,;LJ/lu#.Jt,J.1V
,;~,fLui.r1~i!Si?lt»-TJJ~1:J~?~(LJii..t~IJL.f~~JJ?itfv/r
~i.t ~f J.1r.~ L~;tG°-~J.f t,,J.,c, i.1J~ v~ (L J;,.,_,i:fr., .::/~ujJ!.1,1 L~
J.,}(L/..!.-~~(u,-,0r,LJ:i;1.,i;{ 1LLJJ,,J2,Ju..... J~J"ft0LJ1...(Jl~ 1~

IJ1l~~?..1Jli-.n;.;,J.1~~(,J;l,,,i;{ 1{.;),J'LL.?-~.,c,l.JJ~c)~'--''~..(G'_v
.,4,1J.,~e-/JJ 1Lcf~,~,_~.,/~(LJ:~1tlt,JL~u.~~f kvt~t:::-i.J't
/ ~ k L,,,..-J,, i.t ,,i 947 U!Af J-;..:.;JU.1v>.J'Jt, J.1JJ L ~,' (j}U,/. ?- L
f ..G'f 19481:J.r.t,t.1Jilb/.e-?/.f V1:J~1i1947,.J.1,j20L(f-4.;,Jilb/.-lf!-
_(L"'.t1
-
..
.;:.,l)f.Z ,::_'1)'_ ..(G"(fk .. I
I .
J,W, S.11z;,~1.1(}1L~f,j}U,/.

Jilb~-JJ/t,,JJk~~??-L~
4'....J~k1Jt·v~1,1~~.,~utJ'-r
(' • ., • . .P.
1..1.),

,·1 L vPL?. iJj: (Ji Lt L ,/-'ff.~/./.


1

f.$.J,,-t-~l)f), .111 ~(TJ.1.4:::.,.,JJl.hu("I


-;(' ~
/
4i'.
.,
.
4:::-1 _.JJ. 4:::- (.), ""1.1.1,,, u1.,.,,'- u,.,.. .L
• f"' • •
1
Lr.LJJ~~by{4--.,.....~r-",.,947,c)?.3GP~,~1Jt1.1,,f ,..:u· .

38
-
o.f(_,L ~t1J>VJY"1Lr=11fli=.J.lP-:""1_c:C~VviJu:-J;,,J;;,~L~fj r
c)l.t(; J/ L i:fo..vH,JJ:)1Jli:P~JL_£..£ ~/4:-)ltJ},)'-Lp)_!- i./V111
/..f.tfi!-~ L.IJI?~J)1JIJ1rc ~,/i:fo..!.,! J ~ if V111 /-,L vf (_ e: .:..-~ J1j t::....
JJl(j}I?.1,l!ef C/"_(,fJ1/v)v1J(~j J:~J;L--./Jc...~~J~~IL11 ;£'
J.,1,<fJ:;. Ju<r,L i:fo..!.,!1L-L~1v,f.{~...v (.:.-1"1! '5'k?. L~VJ:1"cJl;:}~ 1J/
of(L v'-t i,; '=-) -d; J""' ,;)~~LL/ ci1 ,)JN J~ vuJ,J.a11..--L
L'!JJ.::.tjf;;!}i.fcJ,1,1fLkd!..J.t1vLtf/Jv.frf,~fh11)~o){J)lu,1J:l
lL.::fi.J~~,J./(_LL/iJt::....-:.JJ~J~J:1(1Lv-.f(flJj"(J;1..--~= -S
.. . ..
_J/~1,p~Jif..:;,,,>f,JiU:,./.JJIVL~..v'i:fo..:,;:,~j)!}fL.?L1,L.,1;~i,J!

I;. G
.,
. ,ui.;J~k,'.. r V-~'->Lh ..
•• " ,,,, -
. . '
, •• ..&,,
J~l(Jj(~L?.j
u1.zJ-ft{~l:c...d..v'~~~1~11V
(j(
• ,.. ,,,, J.

t./..JJ(LM Ll.,..51, _,J ..;;)j ~ J:t . ~b,1j~~J~I,JtlJ/rJ_,i.:.-J;;?-:--)1.J!Ay


_,.f,.JiJJ.,L,):t::....L.6V111L~L?.Jiu1;1_p!_,J~i;.,,JuJAf.J:IL4-~L?
~J,_,;J'-J,;1;:,,,,S4--? L u,lh11rv1,, ,J1 ,vi.If' v,1 (Jj,J:1947,cJ?.3
.
~lfY((c::...u,b .•zi,tu!4--?~L,JJ?}i.fu,1~1.fJ'(1,1il,:JJ,;,4~t::....Ui~
Lu,~tJL LJ?lz,J;,:ui,J_'r}J'Jl{4--?,;;,,1Jt JJ~J.r.,~ L v' L ~..ti;~
-0({'-)L)~o.tJ~l;:J~~J~,L~..tt;_~J~{t~1
~~r1L4-~L, 1941i;.1?. 3
~~~L..:;,,,>1'Lf ~-..:;;yJ""''rfLu~J-'r!.l~~./.~L..::/f
-V~/f,Jvu!t-AL,~Lurk1.t~1u1.~Jl1,1u!
. J ,,.,...~)J'.....,
. . lf-.,,..,~
. . -1
'-...fliLt;1J:11L..::.,:,Y,,V)':1.,1..::.,:,Y,t'" ,f u¥t·J~r1i!J~~Y"1,1":"'r\'~~
39
- V:UYJJ}i_vil v.J ?- ~. ?J'Ul.r1~JoJf
. L.,J_/M-(i.::.,~,.fl'4::.-~V~f..J,J,
,d! ( UJ--"' /?. ( L(r k0/.~.k. ~-ftli1 a;» ~.V:._J£.. f?'°',J! L ";"',/-{1 ~
.
·- -
. '
-'~/ ~
.. (1ffr~~~> '"!'r'UH/O/Jtr'-2
_CYiJL.\.t (;)~~oJfLv.:f~..:;..,--l.101.(. ~Ll.1"r'l.,v'l(llL~r.'()~/J/uP
LJ}~~J,J~P!LL1~~,?,J~u1--.a1i,.,L,u.i~.J~ -,v!·~i;.~~~v!T?-~
_(YiJ'IP(;)JL,'.i(i:.,.,",'J~,:~,~Lv1.1Jt(L1;J;}Jy.J.1/L;.1":"'·1~1-J'-f
.,

c::.•:v!L.JiJ)oJ,J(L1.?IJ'L.1JIL.t.J..f
• " • •
~(rL~r1~1(:).,1~J:;JJfJ.;.;,,.;~
• T -, . •

.
-'""v:1J"'1P'7(.,t;,LL1.1/(;)~IQ·.ltLJ<ia,..vL}!..i:H-v!?,-~J.Ll1~..!CJ
.
t;.I (;,? }. ~ 4

L~ (.)'~L i...~.1JI~~~/J.lfv-L';-'"~~vt,~JJ,~.1),(~.r'JJ,?t r~~).


_(L1rV<.JiJ1.,\)!'(jJLl.1/r.;1'1t'5.1,,"( • ..J~'fJ'~~,.1,i:},(.;.,L
. ~ef-s
.~rL1rLcfL1.1~1.,v-1LJ!~J.~£.4-r-;:-licf(uJ~.rf'~,&',r~r-
J~v.=
.
J~ J;-L ;yi Sr1:1Ji,_lf:n~Lr2'-:t!Jy#"JJ JJ.,~~L,~~,,..:.-,.1,11,1
. ,
-.L v...> IP·!i:,..Prt•
~·· .~Lo1Ji/~i(L,n
1
y· ~ •• - -

. 4-~'1.Yi~/.-6
.1J1({f') ~'~-Lft·~-t,~J1,,.1f.,~)(f1
_f;;,-,.,P 1( ~.1~"rvt1~-'J~,,~L~
-L,,.f 'rtJ~~~.1utv1.1.•
V:l.10:J-7
?,u;:v(h.1("i~.L:JJ,L~!,;J,,.-11~~yLJ.,"t~~.J(uc~ }',i.Jr1,J,.J41-~~
~1ufV'1J.1k7illvf"h.1-v~.ft?. .1JIL~Jlf. ,)k? ,~,-~ly,jJ}~T.1..p~~ ,~{
_J-/J~tv.Y~-:=-Jifo~i.J!(,.)},,nlJ.f~,}(r
. L,, 194 ,t;.J.?. 3
~ • . ,,.,,v'
• r. :,i'r J. . r" • • •,('• • • • f",t • :.r"., ( , 1,,., i..,.-J" ( ·
L..J(" 1":-"r\"l'./'Vl-1J~JJv-v-c.>t;..: ~L-~.r1vt-'!r. L()· l ~.,,-'()"':-'f~-:-r' M
...A.

l,.l, c •
I if ( • IE>
-k":t-.-,..JR~.1/1,.1 .. ,vilt-./. • ...hl/ ol..,:/· u,:/i.:i::/• •_ fJ1 ,,,( z:.,-' v;:./.
.. o..~ ..w~f ( ~~.).,, :-'I r;~~~
I' ,....; (" • /
/

.I
_~ . ,.!...? ~
JI <,;I" l.!~./i'.\.I •
U •
ci, (;.!-' J .IJ f ~ --/
• I I' • i ,,. '1" ,t
tj {)Y l}"" /~ A. " .I: 1 l:[) 0 V• 1,,1. .J-?' (.;;if• (.:} ll"'.,..J)
V~-> I

L.) t• ~. • .} :. • r" ~ ., • • ~,, .,f' .,; .• • f ( f ,,. • . tr. • . .J-?


~..;Ill-":.,_ ..~..1/-L~.1/;!,>~1-'/'1.>U~.,,!r!p.: v ·
./l.(.1'-~~,LJ.11Jc!..-._.i..,
~u, o-rl;i -v..tr.J'J_,,.1.1(' ~ ~V::..::.-.1w~::::-·~.. :t=t
C/ -'''/...;Jte
;~ "j .•vit:ft'") tJ e,J...}tl.r,.«rY..1~1,.11f\.U, ('
ci --f-
c,t:-1/'--' l~.1L.-! ,.;{,l:J.1??1~-Lt,.;, L1~Ld t;!'~i.f L LJ.; c:tY, ~L -'? ;,j
_if,JJ~,t~

.
~~if v)~4-Lu.J,.;u;J3:.1/·Jfo,././·(:.JtJ.t,;~LLt:4--LJ,":'r1
.
fr

.1,I I.fir- -'5- ~r-.=... _;_}J' '-,./Ii~JJ f (/,.J l l.o J! fr-.=...


l)_,Y ~ ,..f?l:J_l?.1-"-
s
ilu~,;,f ()k.j#.;:;,,z..j' r-?'Lt J}~J:.jfi~).1,1~/Ji-v1.1f o:J:"-'- ~ r-
,~1..,t;j,;Cr.:.£ ~,~yf.:.,A¢.' LLJ.;J:.J'l~c.-~,1.;1V~r'~ u~L..J,tvJS":"'r-··
LfJDv-c.Jt:/~~J?tJ,"!'r'Jlv./.-k-'l,...f.,fl0~~t:= -l,J.Lg1ctY,~Lk.t.1,I
.
_lfif~(
-
~c:1~~,L~fiJ'r11..V11,.fLIJ-:--l?tv,! (1ffr~"!'r')4--r'u~/~?J~. {::{
~JJL,6.1,1 L,Jt;(/1J!c.JIJ,j)-:--)U,!i1Jj _J·~k"( J/r/_/)~k;;,Jr_1Jv!(YL
"'!J!'O:AP/~?J~i)v1 _Jt t;~ te:.1,_10.1,J (,A":'r'Lv1~1.1t~ ~ ·
1

~ -
-kl(;f.,...v 1t0t:r~ <1ifr-d-::-r1)
(e,1~ . .o,V"f.r'~if-~,~i.J.J.LC,Jc:J'~J!L~Y,·t,,Sc,V.LJ:'iJ~r'..ii..v' .*
. .. . -V~....v
• ', • ... ----~ .
v!~t:i'~L~ ¥'-f.'{;1, i'J~.,tG'~L1.1JuiiLLz~i.1,1cJV.LJ;-'.<~I *
c.,/..JLe,11;J~LJ°LzcJi;/~.1,1JficJr;Jl'-:"1}.,,/f1.J,./r;_~/~1',}(;_,r,Jrt;
. -VriJl;-v! cJ~~ ~C-?J.v/v'- J~ L,;:.,~.;i~,;~Jlf( ~i,.t.J
L?JtJt:J; '
I I

*
I .

,Jl;-1Pf tJJr_JLl;'(~J/.JL-P~-V11.!(r~J-.1)Ll.1rl?1,,v:~f
L(ll,./.. L1.1~1?1_J ~~l..1tJJ L IJ-'.1.Jt14i.:Jr;.1~ ,1~.1,l.1ii;l1~(;$)'1.( .i II~ I·
.: V'd-...P rtJt:Jl ~.1,,J: ,~;;!fJL.1:J~~
Lu?,d11~S~i-~u~ 1:-;4'..;;)l .1,IAt.,(8-'')o-<,J1.1 . ,Q'.,..lf,~,-i,rl,.,f "f<
' -VV~(L.!J~v!,e,1t:-,#1J'(~~li-
L11~ ,J}. ~ a: v!uri.1-L ~l.1_.1,1 '-;"1} df/ £... ·cr-v!'1./!\J u:,,635 ,irl.).:'/. *
..:,..., k .1,~1 ~ 0~..:,.,-- k .1 ?, Ur-~ k .1-k')J~ 1..:::- J _(, v"~ ,.J. ,•.»'V,J},,,J)I
-k-'f~{U?--'k.1cJIL/Jfr;;AJl)l:P!Lt}1_",r..;~(J.,,~1;,o~1.1.1JIJ,P,.!t..P.
~ i.J/L e,1~'l~v-1e:..
. v! ~,e,1~,..t.v;vk.1J~1"v.-.L;:t;',~~~~.1
-
·
~1.1fif7·~.1~Y(e,1_t:i-1l),1J1,..., ( JiP,J1/~ L~rL/,v/.~:~,a.fr
k\/-~ALrL~k;1~if/ScJl..1Jl~tt.11(f?l(..:.,;.,l.1l.tiJLr11L
~, ...•
-~ l,,t:lr ii

;1947t}t:f~~,,~
~ .
(Partition and the·Creatlon of Pakistan 1947)

-0;:,-~ J,,;Ji;Ji'i4,..,L L./(-"~ wt l/JJ~/.hl941,Jo.111aL~U..;:.~,'.·. :


L~1~V,,,e,11;-,~v,1e,1t:-1~.,1,.f,j.f0fflh)i~/4---rL"1947·eJ£3¢lr~.
-V'1,.f~~, (J!,,;,f {e,1t:-,~/,1947,~1s.1,1c1~~£1,~41,d14-~
. At, ti! _.· .
~P/~I}'( v~,.J~!Jl~u~I u'lilr1, .i,)4-,11,,i/4 r".tli.11!(h~~J~4!·
· ,·:.iL ~:it
..., V.- T '-'
tf"
'-"' "
l!J:,J.'iLL·- ·.~~.1,L..U,lt:J&..1,1~~
• \ii· .• ,r
423 •• ,. ;-
. (Iii Jk J~1'} ,t/,'I,)!c1t:-,-'f
(British Cofonialism in· India)

rw;J~)~r;c...,Vf\;~frwi;:L.f(G'.11;;,'4,{...ivLLjJj,.1.,,~,Lr'J'~.JJ!. -{:{
~1rr./fG'~Ll,j),1..:;.$G;J,.f..:,1Jt;,.L1JiVJJ!{.1,btJ1f.(lliiJh,~r;-i.JJ;{·
'i-'(J(i.,fJ{,,,Lv~,L.ffG'.11;;,t;;,i..1-....uv"-/'1f'f-r11~~.....0,t.1,-'f-
L(J~~L~,.fc,1LL--uh~'i-'liJ}tJwcJ'L('J'~.J.f.-'-fJ~,iL'--..:~
-rk"":",1.:;,(.~~su,rr"f~~..r-"'"''-'"''~.-?1__;JJ' J;J'c,11;.,,
I

L,J.ljlJ/.f~(~((Cap~ofGood ..{i../-f1498 "tt


Hope)~lt.flJ'L(~_~_,C-,,cJl;Jlf.J,

J(-~dJ(,GAJ?/.~?.11,L.f~iP).J.J'cJ1.1Jlt=~/--f,c...1J~-'-~{J"v
~'-cJ.J..:,"f/tfi;~L ..:,.J'f.1,1 ,Sd/! 11~;,.f ui1.1Jlf. Jt""{L ~1.1,M L ..:./
~j,'5)~,~);.,..;1,L,~('}1J/n,S~.J.t.-kJfl,vt11J~i/i1J~LuJdt'"{..;:-;i
.!Lrt~..:,.1'fLr1J,cJ,~-'=-)ft,,}L1.zr..Ji..t-0?,/.'--/-''J!L:(.fi1,,
iJv'-'=-)f i,;L1.z ~ J~r..,.; 'i-'L .I vhk. ...,i~r..;:-;,A~.,, fu)~r,.;~
_,,r""i;f-;~,'G,,L,;~Ju;~L,,?-)v¢~1).,,~)'-.J.l!ir~1)~r;t3;,Lvl1
- -· -
_ . "- ..•

~ ,.,t.,Jr:JJ~,j_;J,,,_f,rl,,}J,1.-tu,.zt-~Jt~L . .• r J' Lf'-5.f,,i..t-J---'/. *


£h.J:,1J-.(r..Ji1JJ;...1J'u,l.frJ.,u-i,/.;:,f..::,}J.}J'c)l.1,liJJ'Jii../-u)'7J~:
L",,J}~cJ' L u,;,_~f,.;,J{ vl~J'vLJJJ.111,1(..:,.111!) ,/4-, iJ~t-.{~ "''
_,y:-~~)~.fLJ't,,}~yi'~;.1,11Jhk....,..G'.1,1t,JGJ({LJ'~~
~r-/.
ifi.,,,~),iJ'.cJ'-.J' i,}..:,.1'f i/L_r1J,L,:f ,.f--r.,t. thr,£.1J'v,d.t~ . *
J'1.,L(..:,.111!)uJu}~.~JJJ.;;;.11fi)J'1J,Y..f'rtf.L1Jd.,j_<.J.1};Ji
""-Vi,}tf(G'Atift;.1,.;!?~.Jv.J'.vL,.::,,:1'f.1,l4:-J)l,,}L1.zr..Ji..tL,1Jw_ .
. _f J',.;u1'J J v~,j~i..,L·u,~fi;..i, ~.f ..:a.1{ vi~JIL.l(i'uik
.. ' -·--- ~ '
_.!_;_1,a,.}.~,J~/;,;;,~1a,.1,1i1J(i~~.1!Ndl)L~,;:.fi
. .
~IP1o!:;J(r10LJ..:;,.1'.fv!?/.~Utr.~i;.1,v:f tr.a1?1hf;LJfi~,~tJ:-=U,;-1. -tr
J~ L l.);l.,4,'! L 4.11 -0(lj,jf j.1~--fl{ (~L. (..:;,_.1;l.t);;:.,:1rL U;<.fi_ J
-V: ~o-'u~IJA;~J"{J'11.,.,Lc ..:;.,.1~)

Lli1'to>"~..:::...Ut.1,;t;,,J~tJu}f/J~Lu,~JiV:tJ~(.f.vi,.f._.ri1.1,1~i".1lJ,1 -ti
v-.11JJ1Jh)~r;Lu,~Ji-.k1fV:~-'v-'fuj~~L?/.~.t.J~;k.1,1(.f.1f"L,-; -
e,1vLJ,J"1J.~k'v-1~-.,dL u.11.~ '"'~o~~-J,,11s7 J,~,~J;e
~f(G"/w.1,1jf(lu~o~J~JYv!:J1~,f/v:,,1164-()_~~/,.J,,,J1Clv'-:',;
· -k'f~ {J,.1,i411,1Lu,~.Jif'--1
)t;..~u1/u1?. (~U,Jri?:-:.Jv,~JiL~~(1rL~k.tcJ~.1iU,ifvr-. -tr
-~l.S.1(r1lf.J~L1J,zJiL,jui;Jie,1~?.Le,11.»1L~G,JJ.1~-.iV
f ~fl(:)1Jz.i...v-J1Ytr.:V:"1199£_);~;k~cJJ-'/~''1~1.1~(Uii?-u,Y...li
L)--'1.;:.11;J1(e,11.J1.n~(u,iJi{L1JwL,1~J.t',.;..u1L..:;.,1"(,J',Ju.1uJ..._:k1
-:"~\'(/..l.)j~J/L?/.~J;-.EJ;r,Lor!'5v,J..riL8'~,.f(/.uj~'-/JJ
· _£..fJoifi~).»/.1,,
LfJv.LS.1C11i.1,1,J11111J::1Lf(/..:,/;',fu,?-.JiLv}11J;-.1L?./.'7.l.~1as1 -tt
, . (' ., . .P . ~rf'.t" f. A_,~l'
{,,/4./LJ,.; J(tl)!id...~1 !)Ji.,,, JJA.JJI i:Jl~L.(- ,u:k.,-:?.1,} ):,J'~u
..,,1V11J'ffJfi;:1~1,.f-,.1.asas:-V-"'(,;'./,,..,.,J,j"r:,:,.1Jk.;~r;ru,zfi{~.1.
C1l.1 Jh1~1; (~lb.1. ~.P'v-~/.~V'k1~1 i.t I.SA.JI~1.1 !'/. lJ~U,/. 9'_t-/J-"/.
..il1JIJ,~.1l,i!.1,,.(j~~{,,}J,_.,J'irCl·,.1_'5}.,IJ,;;·t1947,~1~-~.JlG"~,1947
•• e ; ' _• • r"
. . . -L.11, 'G°{:.1.r~

·l~J'0,i~
_ J?,}J'JL(i;G.-r..1.~Lv?~.r.J"~'~"' · ~:-1
et-----·-·· ,''
_th,;= vf-*/Jilb/.~.C.L1?/,::;,u.Ji.,,.&.1i.t~J-2
_t}Z)~,{);LJ~J;:-f,/~4-L~J'~1of .,~Ju?J:f~?.,,..t.)!,;;U,
..1. -3
_t,/v~u.;;.1}L(J;/.-filv,iJi.1,1t1;'".;;.1J£..:u0,J.}J;:-f,{;1b-1.v!~J -4

~,/'-,c.i/..::.,GJP1(;)y.1JLu,,.M.1,1!,)}L.!/.::J£L,,..1~L,/..::/1'.1,1,f? .5
-~JJ}/;,;:;,
.11Jf([Pr~t;~~~(g
. ,,

(Quaid-e-Azam's Role in the Making of Pakistan)


' .
~(;)t::-,~lu1,Pu,li..)JY.,Ji_JJJ):.,:..WJu}lY"L~,~P..L.~~J~..(i;
l,l>.lf~)1,L(;)1_z....y;1~ J ~cf/f·1a7.G/J2siC?if..l~..tir_1JJ:.,f.{.L.../
, . ~
, (tvtll;,,.1_.41_.i;../";"1'1.)! /J J~i./J-J ~"'01{/ ~ J,.c:, L~1 .. e:... Lh~,.1 (
&(cJ1JL,~,L~~.JiJtLfJ,~LL.IJ}C,.J.fl892-VkJl!JJ1JV:t3'.:1.f
.111'5,)l,J.;;)~,.;!_((/){Pi.;!F1896{~·1.,_J~"'~1..(.1)G"v,!'(<t_{!fo,?.y>)
L ,;ft_~f 1906 _ Jd'Ji.t l.)yt)r ,L i.1.J~.,, ~~' i:l,-vij; cd~t.1. ~k--
Lfi ;;1l(.!t 11,.-.1,,~;~~V-" 1913_ ,f d'J~~t.fo#··'l;t4L~l.)!i.1~,.u-.1,
L ~k,,.;o. .• J+ LLJ~L;,,.t_,;(f;ut-SuiV ,!.,J:~1~J....gf4{¥'
. . ,.--. . .£./tJ: iJ..7. J'.1~1 iJ}lb/.
L";"L~Yi"}'-JJ?J.1f~L~~1;.,.1~~t:!'1.1,!_0
-LYii;A0,.1,1JJ~~,t.f..~1.fJ;194s ,?.11-
~.);
-~Jfrv!~il(vjlJ.-'".1,11.1),;;,;)v,,.J< .,1i,,dL~J~L~.,(i;i.J!; 1916 -11

. -1-~"'="i»(''cfy.'~,1k11?J.'t"-:'"'fl.;'1.lf~tJ1,k?-L.'-,J.hJ..-._
)t' v~ Uv(i;:., I,, IJ..,I ,J.1r, ,(f!,)! ~ lb,/../J.J'I.,· L £ .f think l.J!', l! 913 L .;.J -2
_:0J1;J.::.,::;10}.~/J'f,jw4--L~1;~1;.1nP-~J', 19~9
(/llJl:)ilrV(....(,= -VkJ(t(~l~J.Ja.klJfv;~l~L~ujY/(./!,19 19 1 -3
j1,1.JtJvLu1L('..tG'-L4=JL~J?Lut.?.1;,L4:-)~,.1i;;tJ,4JJf::,.liJ1,.t
. . '111~J-:-'#"''f-j~l:)ir;Lr,J!L~JLct1rjr.J'Lf~~IJ,/.~~,,J'.A
(e,1,l;;i~v::/i:f;
-
( J1.1bj:"'J~JL-:-'~1,.;(l.Jf·L.
•• •• •••• •
r'1
,.J. .,,_
J • ••
.l.,.4,G,vd', ~JY.fV,J!,-1927·-4
-

_(...n..;tti
. ~
?.L,,..,P
-.
-~~Jy-Ju}~~v?t~.:.-toJ~(,)!~1929£../,y/-:.,:1t..1¥1,J!,.1928-5
-Vl:}~Ji;;iru}~Lf~v-Jjry.~fj;J,,LJ1,1;i.tuJ~v.,1930L.?'1)r -6

-hLP-;;L TIJJ1;i~jfJ1,l:).1ev!~~.v~~193s-36 -1 ~
JJI V. J ~:f.11;, ~ I i.J!. tJI.~ 7 ~ J-1 L~Li J[L ~YtL ~j( (.)!, 1937 -8
J.·v :. ~ • • . ""_( ~t'(• r', ,I '.i I. 1' • , 1~
·if~~IL.~
~nL)r)l.--1:)!~.:.-fo 1-1.)1.1 il.)L./.o.y'--.b.~l.f~:,:,lvy~J.(,Jiv--
• - I • •

t19390224"Lfa~l!rL+ 11.zy_k,'-'J~'-'tJ}AJJLvf(iv.~~i1V.J.~f·
;., -J~1.JL.~~'t(i~J}~/
v:?Vk,'f~~(~j~{·.1}~/('..tG\/-v~I~~~ J.'~i.J!.,."1937 ~;Ii -9 ~-~· .
. · -4,'-.1nJ~;!J.L~
1.»!L ·.,;;-r:
L-1- ,A,r • . r'i.-,£..-0-Y I)! ,(-.£'t.JvteJ?.,..}-6L.iZ\t,1940-fO I
• •r ' ., •
r!-UJG-'I.
e: V • • • ._. ~ V· T

.
-t:,~.J'~t:1r.,/~L;,J'1:FJ'Jl,1
.
.
~~.1JL-_u?Lzuk,.1,,~!..J)...(fv!~/'3~.1JL,194s,~;1~40J....;;:,f.-:u1
,ct"J:f i..t. i:1-v!~I(! JL.f,~ . .::.AlPc)~.1,£.~J'rJ,,.~~ ..J!u/,J.1~, ·
. . __u,.AJG\},jj(.J}.1,1·.::..1/iJ~(_i,~
. '
. . 'r-;,.:,$if,; ('j{r ~~,~~~lf',·L
~¥rJ~.r'..,,,<JfL, 1~s-·1946·12

L. ~~,L J.1LJ.1(.?
_.
. • ,,,.
. ' ,·~
••
t-j,.f(~,((),.-i;L,,
;. & '
0• ( v,,.J>t, ~,~ Ji')
'a..
tJ~J,J},,s: '-'":'
. •
-k"• v!Jr.,,J'i;~~V,1941,.d14.1,,.J/.J.1,o~~r~".f~-:-rti941,t1.r.3
,
•, •
-~Sic1ei( ( ""')~~l?..,:y.1,_v.rL-:-J..:.-~l.Y..1le7LJty;: -1
. .
f(J~LJ.v011u11,.11} i::f

jtJ,..J~~ «,» :Iii? L_~, (JI)


cJl;~v (J) Ji?.if..lttJy ((':.,)

f-1908 (JI)

,:1938' (1) -·~, . ,-,1928 ((':.,)

fk T?./.?~v!..= ..JgJ~(~U,./.~f.v!r 1942 ft

.1.kJf11_J,_J1 (~) . ~11~/ (JI)

Jt,1.1v · C,) u;J1.JK/ Co)


~tJ;~..= ..~o,~.1?~,L~..tlr i:f
rl919 (~) f-i909 {J1)

. 1,19'39 (,) 1'1929 ((':.,)


. , .. , . , .

C)ttL J:iJ~.1JI J~r'Lt,L,,z~\ ~L_:.pf"~J~1f,,1946,J{119 ft

r,,1,vt..= ...11.vSJc?;(~(J;i
.
. J?~)l~.JIJ/
-
(~) cJ!;if~Y (~I)

·47
r,.11~ pfl~)~i:J k-*,JJL<.1..f~Jt~r "k

,-1926 (.":' ..) ,-1916 (...;Ji)


,-1946 (J) ,-1936 {(:.,)

r,i:.... J,;..,);J,J!.~i(i_/...::.,-",'t.5.1,tJ 1'94Q t<


.J l-:--.) JJ ( ...;}1)

~l tJ) I : -'f . (c,)


,., .
,· ·. 'i't.11 »r:,~_..J;,;t.5J'IJ
.
.
('
lt;)l,t;
,,
1:(

r1947,JJJ?.18 (......,). •1 }
·~ 'I
,.1947,d,,14(JI)
• .•

1-1948,1,:J?.3
.
(J) ,-1948'/.;,(,
~
. i4 (~)
.

~rJiP../'i.tvtJet,.;Ui.--L.~~kJ:1J1,.11tJ11JAj -tr
,.:1:940 c.':. . . t ·:-.t.)\> · , _,,.1'9Jo c~,)
.,. 191.1,9
' . (i,)'
,· -,
t

,,1927 <-:--) · ,. 1926{...;Jt}

F19?9 (J) ,.192a, (c,)


.
'i'IJ:tl~Jv!Jt.,..if((JJ~~-t(
' - .'- -

.. 1-1919 (-:--) . ,,19i,4 (...;Jt), ...• :


~ . . ,· '
•. "·" • • . '!,.
'(-

,,1945 (J) ,1939 (u,)


I\·.

~ rJ,,~u.~·~ *
~iisi<~)

· -. · ·., 1ss1... . c~d ,
·
r, 'I
,. f-8.57 t-:,J \ ~-- ,.f757': (c,)
~ J~ .
tL.nJt;~v!-Y~~.t'lr f.r
rl915 ("':"') -
v rl913 (JI)

rl919 (,) - ,1917 Ci)

fe:.d!/L~1jv'Jdi;Je~~ -tr
.,~,)~ C.-:·") ~LIF (JI)
- -

.J~ (.,)
- I

.J~,l(. Ci)

-Ll.r,1 t,,(.,f'f V:tJ.lt)i.Jl~(-:"")((/(JI)(( -2

"':""j
)'( I· '_:~ -~~-~-~~1~
---- "'-'-'- - ---'-~
,1942
.
JJ(.V
.
,1946 - .,_ d,~,.J
~r1'944 ?iJ-:J
r1919 d~,j~(
.
. -
. , \

:
,._1945 ~IJIJ.if;;(-'tl> .

. -u.:f""~ Ji; -3
-t.f~ ~f~,JJ.,(d~J"v,1JLjtJ.,...L 1::(

·-ib~~r_ ~::_- fviL.J.--"v!~~.f·1Lv¥iJ~~Lr1946 *


--~PiLYI, ~,Lfe'Z~ *
-J~L .J.YlUJIJ.JI} *
_l,tL}!.--;- : ;~·1,~1)1;.J~(-'.,ltl> . *
49
-oiL? :cL°i'f.-1<.rtfdt~f?/.-t:r
:.LJ.1V t c)J'~i94fu.-1'16L~~ -k
_(3 ol/.)(,p/Jk.~.J'Ptr;?° "k

. ,_.

-1./.J ..:.,~l.r.,,b -4
J1J.11ji5c.1fu! r1946"t.:l/LJ<ii;J'-''L .,P~Li51:1i/¥~ J, ~,./..;, *
. . rJ'~
~· '-'~....• • .. .>f.~
• ~t!f1·'k~,i;: ~JJCIv~{./' *
J'u)~if.. ~ ~, L-'1 z:_f..:...Avtj t)'J)f l.1J'l V,Lfi940' I;.~ rL ~){(; "k

JIL# v'-k)fi:i:r.:;..r,4-£~.,.Je
-$.c.1~~(j,J~
-~~j~{f:.(~_.ti;v!r"1944~1)1J(,{)(-.t,,l> . "k

-~./..}(tL.:-~~;uJ/~v-~1~J~L1~JLf l~/.L ..:-~f"& "k ,

r,I.;'1YtLi/fai·r _.,JJ.~.i·•
• • ...~'-'',4' n« *
~. ~vt"'.'!'Jk.,c;; ....•

.
j • , ' •

. --#~r'i,.Ji::-JILcJ~.Jt, *
-~ cJ;~.1frr~f,;~;!ri.t~ 1945-46~,~-f·,r~ *
-6cJk?(cJt:fL
,~• •" • T'
11JAj 'tr

-':!reL1.1;,,i.t,;J~i.t~f,;.1,1 *
-~/..}1tLc.1!l(L·,.19461:1~?~( *
-~i;.1~....:JW~..tG'{,191_9~1..:)J.1 *
c:ifcf_:p'j{/L~.11.#. ~
. ,
-~i;J~J~1~·iJ/('5L?.JdL4-rL,1947,tJr.3 1:.r

~l;?~!k7('i;r~"L~..tG' i:t

-?::- J ~~I?..:::..-
~

-§i;.1~~~(i,L4-?L,1941i;.1?. -s
f§i;.1~Jt:(.o.1friS,,J.1,},J,~\1.fr.1J,~is1uJ~,;:,-;.;;,tJi;fk~'J),;
. . -6

r~~>"Gi}Jfv}~ ~ le:L~~!f·,c.J,f f '/u.,f,~,,~~ ~·,£.., 1945-46 -7

-~i;J~~IJf(~~G' v-tJl;)k(g • ,
-8

-§i;JhJI.:> ((isjJ1J~,}~Jiv-i;.1l.:-JP; -9

-· •. -
-6c1k}.;(.)LVL,1946i;JLJ.?~(
~ ... -10

...{, (/.Ji-.JJ'c11.1,1v,:f;ri~L~JlPL(.;IJl.ht:;~L,J?..vv!i;.1~;~} ·~
-ef.1';(-I .

,.,..,

.• .• --:---....-. sr
(Land and,Environment)
, ' ' •- • ·- o E- 0 ' - • ,,, • • ' ( :v'J-cJ!..1;
~
-.
:,,,fL..J!1v.nJrv!Jt,
. .»!L...JUvL-kr'
...
_vfJ'~1P.:!1,~~,Jt,};/Lt.1t:f~
_if/~1;,,JtJi'.1:!"''&/ttJ;,.J.·:oJl(yLi:,1t:f~
_vf./~1v-=-!1,v-'--'"~L..:..v1vLJ1~.1,1..:..A!?--:>.1Ji.;!1iJj~.1,1tJrr...iV
_vf.fU)k,.:A21L,/;:;jl)1£..1,1,_(()lr't}~L
•• T ~ y

_vf /.f UiiLu~&,1J.1,1ffL~~


_,ffi:Jr./~11.f..:..~~,1..::.,,b.
-v='.l<.f1v<Ji(1c:;..J'~LuPJ".Jrr1L~t:f~
-vl'f<Ji.J1eit.>JLt,11.1,1~!)dJk1.PL("I
_vf'f<Ji;;ei/\:-~J.;.1,v-L'f/..:..'f>~,,~·t-~,~;,j~
~
-'f-X/6/.796,.096. !i.l'-'i- c.Jt:11 ,:,;,r- <IU..:' r,t '~{ ( (;}t1 - . .
,l:J "'' I

( IJi )IJ~.1y,a1}.1,,LJJ~.IJ' ,J, )li;,A' ~; i:i i?.f-t,,v-1..':.,p.L ~·r".:(JU i,{~


.. ~J.
,.
.
tL1bVLl.1).1Jl,J~vL~;l'e~,f.. ~f?~4r-....ff.i}!./,,~-&,~~~
~u)1~J~,J)_.P~p.,JJ-_T"",:,,r~~w~'JJ.~1J~·,.AL.J~.:::....c.11~J~~
. .
vrL~P-2..,.
.• • .
,L~/)i..;J'~A?~.1..i-£..~uJ·-L·uJ1.
'-'' • • '-'~" • • • ' ,,
.,,J..P.J~.1.,1J-P~~1,r1
'(1'
. .'/· ~ ' ~'
r
J'(;)t:J;f'f-~, Jf-,:-~ov,Jvl.1lrtul;..(.)JL~J'~1.1,Jr~o./J1,,-IAr«..Jl;:
52
J? v!.A'i)~s~L;1,,~.1{/.J,,i:;i:J,~L ul(--'f- uJ Li.:-(. JjJ,,.V: 1.t1 '--:-'r
c1t:{-v.! L11;i;....J.ukcl..Jf.L ~)~J;~Li..,j?. (.).! LYil~ J(C(';;~jul(- -v.!

J u1'JrL ,s!_'r IJl)~JrLJ.tu,JY~fi.11LJL,j.JJ,f'f-....!(~Jj~~l;~i.fl


,l,h/()y~JrLd'f--o I j}J i/{ L),;ij()/JJ.JJI J.hJ}1r,J1r L)L)}IJ?,;L
-v.J ~oj'Jl.t1,--:-' 11,1Ji;,..1Pu.f'

(Location of Pakistan)
. :. .V.
L V./ , . IJl.l•TZ:,,-.IJ 77o ~ Z:,,-.1J 61o JJI J f:. .V.v/Z:,,-.1J
r . ~
37o~ ·
;,-.1J 23o2i.;JC--
1 ,_ ,-.
~

-'f- (!~ i:Jl/.1.nl i.;JL:Ji_;;t~/~_r.1,1 ~..._./J,;,,~.1l¢.'»/J?L)i.fl -'f- IYi Lk'ef i:Jk'°-'-'


-'f-l IJ~ /o;t.,./.. ~ p.£_ i.;) t;J\
~,tiif.
i.;Jl:1'L -~~IP ~I
T '
(.f~v! •l;.J• '.).Jit" ..A~'
"
Jr.

J/f~~1;~Ll,hJ~,/i.;Jl;JL
"' -:' ":

t,,1~,,ft,J,fL~i;.(~~~JJe,,.l)'-,=-~.1j(t(41.1~k°.1JL~~.1JIJ,?
-uJLf
-6t1vi1.,-,=-..J,1xy,1('i.,~L~~1;~Li.J1fJr.,=-t,,~.1ltl.v!J.?'-.1~
.
'-rk
I
' . '
- + -J?»/J.;;ci~1soo~JitJk-";1L
NJ'~J;,:$zzsc ~)i.a?vL(;Jt:-iWL,:-t,,,~t:JW1-:-:Jt.J'~f.J.~Ll:l~~~
vf.GAJf'-t1Jv1~L~.Ar.1,l4rl11if~?~_;)UJ.1_r~t:-iWLvt¥JvJ:.1t.)I
-4f- t-f,ri,j~~,SJ.111~~?-?~~~l~,~c:(~4--v!f--
54 ~---- ·~:, ""'' ·-··
'-:""'=-vJJ'1;1t:--;!h,fc) c:J L:f';, cJ l;.f t" ,t:,1c{; I,cJ tJ; G\..6 l/ J ~ J'; V- ":" ~ J~
f 1:c
J'c) t:f~4f- L- ~ J.1_;;,r' Id, f)./J 'f-vi Jv JI~ 11(cJ l.1, I l./.1.n)..:,f. .:::....1k""',-U l/
-u1,?t.t/.~J~.1~1LA.,1~Ju!~JJ1t.f..ivJ~,J';-'f-t-t~.1!~~j/
4-.1J''r-(J'~cJt:1J'J~iJJ't:JL4r-t"~v-u}~L.11,,~o)ihf((;)lif-.:::...J;~().1)
~LaLJ J.1~,,,d~,u:.J~(.)?-'hAJiVfcJILt:JL;f;-Ll!"-.% lf-°?' ., (' .;::...J;~L
~GLJ.1,1(~11..tG1Jzlc,1~lL!rl) iJ. a: t:Jqzb-.1jL "-,J,,./Jv(:)1!, _u.1 fr;
_(Yi__;~ 1~7v-
(".1 g~l;-'r-~.1.)!1.lc.r. ~ts,J~r'~{~L'-::J?.'r-t ,,~v-Jr;LcJl;f; 1'r

.:.,(.~LL~.VL)i,J-'r-J ~f J L c/.$.1,, cJ L;f; Jy= -'f- J 1J, I~ .1,I (;) i;.(;


t-~{J,J S~J!t:J~.1,,'r-hJ.alv(t:J~<.t ~_.,i.Ffi L IP-v.1-=-lRl,J~,
": .,
l>cJt:JL Li:,t:J!/ ,.., .1-"1()GJ-IJ1~.1~~).J, Sc/.$t!.....?
. J~. ;({v-cJbi'L-~
~'

;11JhJ~.1~cJ~:.1,LJ}".1,,'-:'"'7-rF'k.f.?.~t,,":"/"~i./..~P.LcJt(; *
~lc1~~R'< > L~{llVi'~J.1~('1-ft~1;~~'-'r-JYi' ~ 2-1.1LPt_/.
,Jf/,..:;.,;./cc:)l.(.I ..Jv~~~ l.faG·t~,.1L '7"/o;.f.c)l;ft-'f- vi..~,,
-v.1 JL tJL ~..:,1,,.J'c)::.Uvfrv=-'f-'~ ,i.~ .;,.1i1~/.1,1 t:JL,, ,~.f. r;JJ,'-!"f,J,Jr
,(G"..~.1t,c.;'f...f-~-'Y/'~lw~.1,Lu#lbo:t..~~k/.{~.J~-:1n/',!J~f
. ~IJY·(.J!f;~('_IO~c:1.1Jlh,I .
JJ,-~r.i.t·cJ'-'-° f wclJ:~L .• ff.v.£,f~.r;J;it;.~.~:.1·vi·'t::...1-.1:t~j. *
('f'.JL,J:,>.}...uvr J~·~;,:!(jIJ)l.1t,J't,.1.,~tJ.,~,il)j'V~J~.1

SS
Jiii
'
'
(Physical Features of Pakistan)J(;,..ciJ!'Lc.1t:J, (

-T""VV?v:u,-,~~Jfd~~s~LJi;,~J!
d'~ C~) · ,' &/t c~) · · ~, .o~ c-a1,,
-Jf-JJ C.,,i)~~(jl
~'5j"" _...;1,
-.t1A ~.1P--·i:,1.11Jd1i"'; ,.1t.f'lt ,J..A t:J'if v1· ;f J"1,It!!E.A:vit:.. r?
-UJJ.1~.1.v~JJ~Ld~
~uJl.t(.J';-2 · ~uJ~J~ -1

~uJ~J,-:1:
~.APJ(..1&>/J~Jd~~t:;_.J?.,Lu,J~(j'-l.JJ~t,,;.J~Ld~;~1.SJ~,~
~yr v:,~ .1,1 uA _;/., tJJ ~,:1fu;1.,1,J1,Lr~ J,,~-''"~/~;t.J~-:-'f-"ltP-
~'-,=-o.J~ J.1.,1.1iluJi.1J~.11n t:;_.cJ.tJJ,Jz.1·,1J.::.... _;/. J1r- 1.11r-'""~.; ou1'-1.21 z.
~L-~k--,,;:..h'.ulf.UJ..:.-L~1j1d~~u~-f-J.1r.S~1vJfu.fti::-u,J~
,i~ ,(f()JIJ '(!l( ,..:.,lro11,,.pj,~OJIJ,,1,:J~(,J~~i''0Yv!;L~d'-~?-il:-~
-,=-~ u,iJ,,u;~ J.; ,C.,.IJ = -v1JJ?,), A,, ~"r ,J,A ;,~
1

(.)! J?4'.4'...vLl.1JJ,l·'(jj"=

J:f ~jGy?.f--l,,;.~p.J'.JlnJhJl'f-
¥ t.f)),,,; J." '(.;_J,1'/r.1, • r~J,,,
.
unJbJ"'J~-u~J~.1?[ot. . ~
(uJLu!·tJJcJ!T'PLu/,;J,I,~~£
56
-f-l 1, i.}!..:;.,)l,!,...V:/oJ k )..,f.l,)! I,;) i;:.(;.J-..1..-~7
~J)~~-;'ln '(ii)
-f-'""~...f-:-'_r~J?J;1?Lt.:)1.1,1Jr;-LtJiJ~J'J,~,J.,.l,--JJ~(~,.J1n

,,J,Ji?),,:::t.',tJ/..:;.,L(p1),~?L~v'-f-,J.,.l,--J;~A~~,u~Jr-:f!:

-'f,- t ', ,.,/. J,;,L ..:;.,) . .,. )',?~;t


J ~ ) ., I ,.,/. I,;)(;)~ ,.,,v_/P:' I(~ ,J In -vl
~l,O~~!n (aii)
..:;.,.,,-.1JJ'/-"f-.1;:z.1,1~-.:;.1.J_1r-,~v:-.1,1,:..~~i.tuf..1·u1~~;AL~)=-

~Lc!i..aZ:-1rL;ff ~~i.t~v'-f-e,, t.:)~.1)Ld'--d~v,1 Jr-:ll,J.J..-OJIJ


.
-~~/
' ":'
~t J.e. .1?J',J....L,j1_vJ- L fi.}!J?., .•~ . .1J~

~t}j~h''( ji},.ol hv)


v! J?L..)~(;)~1(}1},l,J...i, . :

.tiv..rivL.Jp /0 ~v-. dl.1, ,?,


~-"-'f-'"" Lk1 __;,)if J?i:;_~7
k t;,?1 cJ,Jf I J-J~ ~; A u/,J0
f <.:f.f-eb 0! ,,/,J...i,u, ,vJ ¥~-L
-~ft·8611~}J~
' .
~(},}gM~~~n!nl;-St.:)~:
L~1./.vjhY~~~Lf'"J.1 ';;£
,_ ~ ...
-'f-J!r....G'~a.l.1
. '

57
/
~1:~·
j~Lf.v~,,J-',LtJV
I'

O ISO·

'56
J{M,:Jt;..;/ (v)
v'-,:-t-1:>UJ:cJt:Jt.;;1,.Pf;;ru.,J~cJ'-,:-lr,J;;;,;d~lv--'-:"',?JrLcJl;}i .
- 'f-/- ~; J~Q )P.JJ),~
..
JLiLJ1.i;.1J1~r.,..- (vi)
L~J:'-:"'P.LJ!;;;,;d~f
c.:)I -u.r L.tt ~ ~ tJ)~ LJ'(
.1.,1J1,i;?. 7tJ.11}0.1Jd k-".J)L u., J~
L tJ.1µ/. rJ.. Uiy .1.,1,=- t-LL£., ~
-?-J1.,L~J~U~-'f-l:'.z.1k.Y~
L ..J.C,1 J!i; G-);. "}L "JtJA,J"
~1jL.1.,~l:J~.1)Lu~"-/-'J
,;ftLi.1) ,.;.,,,., L1.1) dk-".1) L ur1-tJJ~ 7 ~.1 J.1~ Jv 1.Jl,• •~
c.:)I :.. ir ~.1.,""'1
-u.f ~J1,i;L1.1J.1.,1(jL1.1J)
~tJJL;?.~ ~2
J)c:J~f {i)
/--tJJt,., dk".1)La,..vLh.1).1,1~Lh.1J,./.. '-:"'P.L.11)?&/ t ~J;~-:
-tJJ L 1r ~ ~;i; jLJ£l, r::,_or.J! Jd:tJ J~.v'-'f--( ~ .::.-.1'4f,~v'
c:)L~~)I (ii)
S~v'-'f-~lr ....f1v.,LcJt:f'i.hi i,}~P. or~'-:"'P.L JIL h.1)..J..1-JJ~-:-

_,
?;!;I (ii;)
mk-Lh.1J,:-..:'f-lil~foJJ~(?;{,f,.,;!-:-17La,.vL~.1J.JJl-:-1r-£..~~!f

./kfu.1k1 .1.,i~Lk'.IJ--'f-~u.,i~ ~.1.,1.4 (.'f- t,,_I;)! '":",rL.cJ'+!ti..l.-!.;L


~vJ ?:-J)I i.:-r/~.,t.t:;._
,"=hJJ"J.r -3
. J,..L,c5 J"' 4v!I ( i)
,,,

~~?.": ~' v r!
j I~·v.. Jrt-L.;),,;/do-;)_:::_ • G/'" ,./:. ~~C-J:'(
- ., F.-' ' 1:n·~ t} • L'L.11~,i.
• • - ., , -:

- ·+~( :fL\ ,,i,f. . ,.,P. L~l'r,t,.f J,v...{lc1~,.,£c1t:.1!.i1-,1

.• ;- •. .
-, '-'kJ'-'J'cJi;.~;, ·.(n)
utJ~~ '-'f-'-"' Ml.P. o,;d!.--dvL .AP/(.:)WI,~ v!-:--P.L;(:fL ~ .J) ..J....k,1.fJ.~=

t
-vJ ,,J/;:;).JJ.l~},:;J<)!
J,.1,JJ~r.f r~}(ni)
J?Jrt-?.'f-t,.,~JJ~(.f (~}..;1.,,-L.w/L:J~W'lv!-:-1?.LvtJ~J'u,11;:,-';' .

-7 r,1r"f.lti.J.~L~/1.,-;-0,,~)J't.:-'?t.:-'?.t:;._
ukJ~o.lv• ;~,,J, bv)
utJ~J'J~wP'1;~/Jl.1.-v..tt1J~lv~J'J~AflvLN/~W!.V:e.~LcJ"1
-<A e,,,,..ttif.,P.L
" "
vkJt.iJ'~it: -:lv)
- LI.! t 1,v!t.:-'~L.lvtJ~~,~}.-:> Y\;JiJ"o~~
Vk;~{~1/J, (vi)
I t
-i'-t-y.J..C:a,-L)(y..P.i-t'Y.d. ;J/L/(YU'v..-v.1 r,i.J. c,1~}.,:-rPUhJ~~
UhJ~J't,11f(.$"L,. (vii)
-v..tuhJ~A~ -v..r t,,i.t'-:",rL ut.:~JcJ~uhJ~-:-

-»e/ t,)JJ i.1),/.. t)l;J~


--t.1~1:e/t (ii) j,;{e/t (i)

.
),~~e~tJ (i) -:
,t~ ,/.. ;.,r,_i'-e,,.,,;{ e/ tt.1~.1)Lo,..vLi.1).iJI ~Lh.1),/.. J~L ,_J)i.;J~l r

,.,{ t::-IJ'v.. ,..Pl:_(~.,,?i.f J- j-"P (l..1c,1i;.(~-v.1 L~L~J~j~ Li)? j-"P.,,U:f

S.,,;{&/t-i..JJ ¥u1yJ')1,di'-t'~JJ1,(l..1 u~?. 'f-lJ'"'L h h j)(', ru'v..-'f- t-.f j)

-~~J:.L-t
' . .
c)~i:&/t: {mi)
-f-,fa,l,1IJ"lt&/t.:--i'-t,,i.t'-:")'"L1.Jf-l-:J;~L?;?,1i:J~of(;)~}.e/t·
.• -- . .-
- .

L.f r~}.,,,J~ ,fiJ!. J~L e/ (v'-'f- i;£ ~~r'7J~~ ~~'~'f-.J.n(~J.,~u'v..


•• • ""-iii • • ••

J:!J;,._:1~1.1? t::-~,/..
- t:1-i.JJ
- #-i.f
. jh~i.teJ7Lt.1~A-:-r1
. .
-v.t~JJ~ _

"., . ., .. - '. -~ ~
. , • .. ~ "l: I i
~ • .• • . • ·1'
• I · cJ·Y ~
,,,.

cJ'~-~

,' ,

c,11~J1.1~(.a,..v~h.1) (i)
"
c11~Ji1~(.a,~Li.1.1(.i)
&/tv!-:"f~-:-r'dtyJLl~(.1.V'L!.JJ
. .
-~ l.tt ~ ...f..!,/~J;;i,
' '/ . .
};::;_-?.;C...A.,,1,,
~

· ,h.1,rliL-:"~u.lgv.(t;1f.l..:..-f~rJi
· S-:"r.,~,,~..!,l~'i..i.ta.~ •.k-L~.11
P-,..ft(Lt~J,~ di.+: JJJ~ (arkLh,11!.J~.'-A,..L,...J)
_(J1df~~~)
. I(01..vLh.1J,.I~1.1i..:-(...f~_;),f
.
o,.v-:-r'?.-&:-...!,f~,.{? L v:;f'
.
h.1J'-}. '--A('--:1"1 t ifl 7.1IJC)l?J.,J),f -:"P..1,l'f- ~,1...J)/J~c.JL~:,.JLI,~ 1

L u1k.1J [~ a. l.:)'.+:-=-r(j~.1(J3LJ!-:"?L~,.+:i.J"-JJ?.~J'-:"r-~JF
• - r; " • J;j • ,f (H ,,;,r.:• no,,,J
I (' •• ( • r"
l:)v'; (k'-7,Z.1)~_~rJ.J\;1.1),7C"(rL,fc,'!if()-:-' I l.:i. 0~-:-'r-,c;-,-?J(:;)L..)'-:-'~

iti.fJhk~rcL/i.c,~,~).1,1li.1~~~2-.,r.L.1;,,~Jr~-r.~o~t.fJ.~
-7r:/iJl.JIJ.lr1LJ!L./t.5.1,t~11,?J1~~(...cC-=--r. . 1h,LTJ!~L(;:J~;if-
c)l~~;(.kL.h.1) (ii)
~;~u~.u,t7~!r...f..;3i.ttl;.(ef,v!J\fk.1,'-.%~ar.vLk.11"~..!,fi,;/
cJl~i.f'-7t"!rLfd1~~-l;l(m.vLk.1JfL~'-.1vi.f'-7t"f !rv!~.fio;f..htr?'°j!
t,)J'l:J1~Jv~_7t,,d~.1(/J}J'iJ.?,.ff'f-·t1Jj;.l-,_(1,,,f;f....;),f-=-'J,--=-'r.L
- 'r'cl~/'rJ :J. ~ L 1yL.11,,_; ,fu)(J,, i./f.Y. (/, '=' -'f-i'.1J,:;,f.c/'i:J1.J:!·iJ..1)'(.;;;..
~i.JJL~~i.!J..,-:"i"?-L LJJ.1{ a.'f-/J\l;u~~7J~.J~.1t.-i,;0111Jr, r
L(;)l~i.fl.1~~,,,fifJ;-rfJ(v!4-~Ll.:)l.+;J,JJ~~,f'JJL;;o.111'J~,:.t;fa;
. . -u1J{,.,.'1.1Jfl
.1Lt J' -~.JPv ·~-~IJ1
,.. ' JU...f._
-. . '/P·of.-/.L~~.it.¥'J~;(.kL.Gi,;~L-t;t1:
!I=.. -
~~Lif'7t-~~,f.6.~;k~0tvic;LJ"'i.11't~Lf~.1v.1,1f-Jie.,.,~
• · , • e • • • ·.: , · :TtJJiJL¥'J~J~
6T ~
(Climatic Conditions of Pakistan)

v!Lf (,...,.rc:,~ 1J:;y;u~u.1 ;{,YlJ-:-- i!JvJ1J..::Jfif,...JJvW.vJ-" h(lPu1'


-f-J/v=L/(,....1.,,~}/(-.1,l(h.t-

L~Lc) ~J\• ~ J; ~L..::.,A?,..;>.))


ff ~

-vJL.fr?°v=J~~~A-~,L~.11.?~.JJ/l.:)i;.[yi~LtJf Y.1JI~.,
,J~JJ~J/J~.1JI~~ -1

l.:)C°-?A&/t -4

J~(.$;""~.?J~.1.11Jf. -1
c:.-11/l~..;:.,Jl.?.,?.IJ-f-t°.YllS'.'n.t-fr(ut1/V:ul~uJ~J7J~.1,IJ~Ll.:)i;.{;

vA . . ;.,. -'!:..RI.t I.)J!Ji Yi-,=-t~ fc:.-) t(, -dzji ..;:.,.i 1.7.-?"./) )v.,, , u.1 p. v! JJ;,. IP,=- t-ir f
-4r~.u1P}L.f(,...;.J'-'f-J;;u1/~?.1.,1,=-J;t1
,I'

. ·-
c)l~J!lL (41...vLL.1J -2
..
L~ J,~v! L.f(r -'i- J~ J; '-"!,~Tu z ,J~,.;!1.:)1~ Ju~ L 111.k- 4-k.11
~ ,.;f:/t,;)I ,/,.f_.'f-(j: ).:::,,,£_ l.:)1tv.,l..)H£;.. J·.tJ?.."' t.:)?., tr-,~·Llr.tt (:f-r}
~~./~ so'i.:,.11J!"=".J1..::,i;,,.JP! _~~c.!?(.lt,;}?.-f-J1ry;fJ.1J~t,..L·v~.t r
-~~l.,,.tt.Jlfo}/'y,.J_,I~
, • f "' .)fp,i
, V ,<
it~.1.l.?,.;..11·
• . ._ tJ V... • v.. '!L/ .,/y.::Jft::...t"IPm~J'
f .• • , . •

. t-.T:, _, - .. . i-\
63
,.;~Jv(.1,.#{,11, "'-"'' -3
t::;..,f', Si._?- tJ.'! J/ Jc.t ~.;;:, S JJ',L l,1 iJ/.'~,., iJ "Y; f v- v,~ JJ,· 4 u, ~;

_J"vil!J/v-!ui~(.:)'-if--l;z.1~jL~.f&"32~.11.?-f>.1)1,,;,,_t-41v!f(f~.t-:Lf(~u"'

. c)~i:&/t' ~4
.:;;(.~J.uJ~,.;J~J~~A.1-f>.1J(u~.l(4r'f-JtiJ)/tf~v!L,r:(r~L1Jrv1.
Ji;t~.1,.1~.1)i.tu~.!ul{;;~L.~~~.J!L~4";ti.t'-=-1.~i.~t.f-r,~;,r,i1kJ
.I
lvJ{(!i.t t;)~}.<J:,,1J,_,L r~J~~i;,,Jic.t (,,-L u#v-,;-t\~tt.-f:AP~')4i ~ .

-'f-J~.trl)J/~~
J~~:1y#(JJ.1~·v-·cJ~;
Ji.,,t.f.JLv!
-~' JJ'i~J.tJv!
. •
c1c:JiT
J;~J'L/(r
~
-2 ~~-!eJYclfdL.f(Y
.,
-1
i),~Je,t_..!e,1,-!J\.l(r -1 '

L~/J:--.nt(f-,J~,1.1,J~l(fYl,J/~(.)JIYi(.:)Y(.:),JJ\f(y~~.1:1L)~J1Jr.
j,~~P.-'f-Jie,J.n(&"..i..c:_ _;)cf~p..1.,,'rJ.nj~~o~~j~,,soQ;.._,,~uJ~
t.flf-J"' J; ~ f~,; Uv ~, l'CJ u~, 0!t J~ L~L~~-1.1,lak,i.f'li,~P.~.ufL!Jf

?- r..11 JJ'i viJ;~ i.t ud.u,;.~ J.?J~1.,,~~):,~C:.<.a L~·L;!/"LJ~~~L


-uY·~JJ~~=-

J.1~,~/(r. -2
J~4/.io)~.;,:f,J.1~~·cf-14r-.J,1J,'~"1~uJ1~J~~-ui,f:4,-i,iftJ~tJf~. • ,.·:.J
LuHHIJJ~~~-y"'-~,f'sJSL.11(J~·~c.J!t.Jj~tjP.-~/,.1~!.::..~J~()!J~~
· r ~.1;1
.;;., tl:: v_.,. ,.. ~ · L ~/vi /:.::.;L,n.?'if J.L·,t)! cit:fL_-~:t"t..nJ~f~
· ·-!;d, V • • T T T" • J~
-~~i)l,j/~v;f~~rs:J,}'
6~
J£.t;.. ~ ~h ~J; ~4,,.fJ1J.~ 1
-,-c:C'irV?~vPJ.j t.,JJ r
~1;~L1~J'":"' ldt:f'~

,.li>(l.nJ'":"'ii..S,:JJl,&t -2 ,.v(l.riJ'":"IJ~lJIJl.)A -,1


Ji>r'"''-:-'rJir -4 ..Jz:>''"'' .;rJ ,;j,~ : -3
~,,_,·n-1u/.v,,JA
. .-1

<V°JP(..:}h!f~,j,N) L~JJ~P. J~L0t:f'~ v-e,. ,nL,"',~'


u ;~ L d C'.-? A1,, < j t.1 l1iJ ,, ~, j, d-i;., ~;,) ~u; ~ ~.J--c o ), ..:.- , ,,,, J,.,;;) ~u-:r~
J,/L/(.r\;!
_.
..:,;!,.JJ',"'J'"="' 1J'IJl(- -v.1 Jr;.(dl,lJIJ!'1,1d1f
.~ ~,dlJIJlr-,~/)~ .• ..
i,;L1'vf. (Y;Jl}iL L/(Y ..P.'f-t'.r.J..:v ~-f(Y-7 J.ri'l.)J~..J/. L/-'f- t".r;~;
J.n~~J~111,,~Jv-~.1~1,,J/,-dlnJ,N iil.)Jv.£Leu-,-uJ J.rt~~ i..t
-i.a J.nv-} 1LLf(_,,.~~;1uhJ ..:-ta
..Jz;-(IJ'tJ"":-11,JJ.iJl,~t ':'2

JiJ)J':,, r.!~ ~ ?.Jv,~. lf-'f- t- r.J ~ ~~~\:,1t:-? .J v: e\.r,L ,Yi,'"='"' r .


· ~h.~~-J(,-,.u;t[ej, ~~ Jfl ~Jl:J:.l)i!IL,J1J;J;,.u]?,_tJJ1J11(fa~,11
1

• ~ -;t.J!::..~~r1Sev'?.v.f~~,(~)ilJ(v-(Yu''.-r-t"Yi~~,
• .... .
·-~(1,i,~1tJ:%J1~ ~3
-utJ~C,,--"":'r,')dl~<.f.~J.J,l(~~~':'-""')JJJ.~(AJkL~1J.0!~v1LIYiJ-:--·
.·.
oJk1:v!-:--tr~J~~IJJIYi~Yc);v-JrL~J'rJ!":;,4,.i;y(h~~J(.,,\;!-l~)"':"IS~j,
~f-J11JIP~.1y,of.J'~~if-v-~~(r-"4jj,jf~~·v!iJj~J1~~,¥~JYi~l
cJ}il11t.f;;·f,.,J'.u.J~j,~~,,J~-'f-J.n(~J1.~.~~ L~u[J_Gjt,".J?"'="4.,1
-1../.1 z: 11.)liLJJ,{i)I
. · ..·
. _Jz:;(1.n,~1Jv1., ~4
? .: · . . . ,) ,..~ k L . . . i. .. . . ,,,. l.{ .. r\'~-f<,;;,. .. .., . ,._,, ....• .-:.;
'-.;l}jy',JJl-;;JJt;,;...c.J1 .. ~L.Ji O'~'- c:Jt::?.n.1,J.o,k-:-~V- ~ ..:,.:,1Q:JHJ~1·:::· ·: ~··,

~··
.
~ (1,1,_,1\J:t JJ1,tJA-1
'

~,,~,~ru:tv,,c{,.e; -2
~(t,i,~1J/.j,~ -3

~---·---·· .,r-l/'
,.;lJl,.,_-f-J11uvJv-111_v.7 (fa,L,.Ylc....J,,,;r'l;)IJJ)LLf{Y-'f,-C°J'i J)( .:.-(.,./...;;;Al~.J)
vG~c.tl;)1~JvL~-u.t~c,!)(.fl;)r..J,1J°_'f-t-.t1~.!~~))32l}~A.7--?.J).!v-,1
u!L/{Yu!"-:'"'/...P.v-Lf(,,.JAoJkAJ! J/ L~-v.1 J.r;IJ! L)i,J L/(YJJI L)(y

-:-4r~YiJ/L/(,,.;,1r.lL.f(YLl-f-J~-J~~.t:,v:,"''-:""'J'u}1JGJ1~Ll;)l;:f~
. ,,
{:{
JvJuik.1JL~J,~-f-u,;r,::;f.~Lvk.1J1utx,vµSrt.11.P,"''-:""'
eJ~;,I( J~ iULJ,ll,?,.1£~}~1;)1.:;v.1L..~J~ Il;}~-v!_tj .JJ~IJr'v.3' 4-G.-~J,,;
. . ~ ( .r:
o'-¥-f-J(.~..:)1,,t.flPoukL1..l~-r{u?~~i.1,.J,,,.:..J'1.1;:;1..,1,,.J1J;
u!e,1t::l'i-rt-!,v,.l{~.Jj£r1JijLJ~r~j~oJ!;-<.;.1,,u1k;J/JJJ;~v:uJ~
vr',r,;t.fuf).1,1u1;t.J?,Ji;,1~.1J,.ii1~J-f-:tJ!L~u1u)~ro)V~~
,_,JJ~
r-.11Jitft:::-.JP--tL~-::-VJLJ1~.Av-u.,LJ,,-J;~l....~J7J~~J~L-I;)~~ *
0Jl(y-rJ1rJJ1t,,,J~.:.,.1t?~~J,,i.ft. L:lf...J)JdAt:::-),,,;,rt('44..:J.1A
J.nu.1~J/.Y,-'r"' r~!~< ;....1JO)JL(IJ,,i~'c,!}J/vZ ,-?.tJ((..)-J~
L/(i'"~~l.7

L.ni,}?L/(Y-J,,-u.tJie.trJ1.-"k}LtL/(YU~ij
. ~
1LiJu,11,~.1Lu~-r-
-,-(''~ u.1~)}./ v! uytf/if uh~i.JJ· ~/.j; ~1,J.1.,_?~ 1.91.:iL; ~ ~
~,it$.J~,~/.J'£v!12d-fJ>J)if uJ~J,~~~J~uJ.ltf:lu.t?..,...~,Jil;id 1

67
J.;;~;JlJ/.-l.:}JL~.r:"':"'IJi;,;:/L~=<.t.L/(,;-,~-"viJ'~1
...
VJltJ~ 1

~; ( 0!~01v~,J.!Lfv?--Yt:;;-1 . ..liLt,,?--jL,(.)~ -ut L~,r(.)tut.)IJ.1Lt


../.ut L.r:t~JefLrLJ1-..Wu~~'r~('i1j(uiilf./(~((.}!LJ(,,_.-b'J
.,
LJ'
.:.~.AP~ul~v1'-u.r)~rv1f(~LLJwuJ~-urJ~~l,}uk'6ijd.1li,JLP~
m::;JY"J}).,11.r:,~rt.!,J'uf~v11-4.ft. L.r:v.~ ),,(ffJJLu~-vJ a_J!Ji.;jL
. "-:--' .
-'r'-"'~""i,).;:,,f./.;:,.?1:--~~,J)
. .
t;..
••• r" t: -· _· t ., , ( .. ; ·- r;
-'f-- ,J)..::..(. I.)! ..::.,A.?,f .JJ~..;:; u» I l,;,IJ-~_._;,;:;~., I ( / .;:..(-1.r:-''-:( J o (.)J~J !/'v!. 1,z,11;:., ; f:r

,Jfe,J~ (a,..v~.r'),1~P. (~r-:-ut Jf u'r!'>7.,}1J/_r t).::,,Ll:).,,.t.tf(r ·


~J~(J~-'f-=~JLr1JJ:1.J'u/}Lul~i:J'-<f-,:/;¢,.~~J~.1,?:1ivli~~
f:t1v.~-'v.J"'1.1j(tf1}J'j~,.;:.:,;.~k1;Llwc!--'r·rtttJ~;i,).1,,J~tL~~v1
_ .
.- ~~ _7J1r~.1Jr1~~rubL·~j"'(Z)'t;1;(;..llJ.'J.f._'rJj.fR'-.1..J

,/(r-'f-J.r:c,!;J/~L/(Y.1,1~;(/ttLf
, ,,, - ,
(JtlJ11~JJ,'~~}.,t~;tv!il~; ...• ..
.*
..111.SAJ/.

J' L'/("',.,-'/,,.
.,
_~.JLlw·~~
' \mil_.
;~,(i:Jc:!L(.,. ...,_~J11~.1LJ.4"-
•• ,. • ~
~::.£it,.A~v!'
'

=:-.JLv!·
" . ., . :H.1JLJ!),,Ltk
..1
· _f rl'·~/r,...:..~~-j;A1(J~J'J~i£.Jiv:.i...i
/J.~v- r., "' , 1 •- · . T

~J'i:f..;L./e-lJhL.JkLt-~j~oJ"_~,?.,...Lt~.tif,,..n,#u~1~'r~~11
. " . . . .

f LYf. o,kJ..::.,.Jl.?-f;~v-i:J~}.-'rt"f ktJ>.~/,:~~J l!.r)J'l.'~;,~0~t


. . . - ~-..., ,-·-
"' f- • ~ • •

J!.L~vl~,f ,,Ji..f ~;r,Jf.J~ ~v.ir. ~,; c.-:i:fur r'.::.f.1..J~e.;,J~;1~---r'


. . . - .. . .. - . \.

~ L ~ J:r.;JI uk.f.' j!Cl .. !JIJ }u1J rj...,,{u}t,~JL,~~ -:-'f- ~~,;.~~-


!Jv,u1J..J~~.1J(tJ/;~'rJLtJL;_~~J()Jt,..,j~.1Jffl'l1~J'"-'}(~~~.~4f-.
;~~ .
···.~~d. ~
68
1 • ..(Glaci~ri a·ncroraina.ge System) (Uzi(JJk.1JjJ;~·
ji-'" ~·--~ \ 4£
:Y;r:1~. (Glacier~-

f- ~.1 (..:--.11?,,?.I){ uJJJ; Ao) v


~ -f- '31.1 J!' ().1 ~ ...J/. L)~J{
J'if ~

J,., f.:. l7.1J-"' 6Jvt;L.-...J/.>.~


/ ~/,_j)J'uA?.,,tJ~ri ~,_j/,
-· v.:r4!;£ :.~~,,~. "
' r-.,;,-,

L-"' c.... ..::-- Jf{ ,..JJ ;~ '-.I 1n


2;..(;ff'-.%'-.%-:J.,~J'd.1~...J/.'J,.,
~..h. . 1.1vf~~r~1 v! Lf(rR.v.1
2£..1 L)IJJ (.)Iv/ L).,J~(),hJIL)Jh.1,'""'.1"1

I~ .1.,, ~,.11-, ())~ r J.11n t::- u-?,UJ


l)/ Jr .1JI J-"7 l.1ln -'f- C°Yi ('1) j~
-f- ~,:).Yl/(;ff '1, J~;:( u;j
••
l.1?..1,1 r...1, x":
•• .~'" ? '..
t
}k,
-',• •
J.1?.i,
.j,..
~(...,
·~.-

-UJ ;ff '-;:~t'IJv-. ~t:i';


(\R~ver=s,,)stem) tsi I(Ji~)~ 1
d'-v.!Llr.t1t,Jt.1{~--?-'·0a}.~A?-f.1,,,V:Lf(rJ?-Lr,L~Lh~~~h
_l;.-;.,J' d?,J ~#:'f- ~/J'ri.t-u,1k.1JV-;(~J"~)t.1,l(..).,Rj~oJt"1)1.,~4
-1v!tJ.ft.1.tl~k;J?ef,oHv~f.r.u;,:{~.,f.#J~
1. • i r • oJt~-vJ~JJ~Ld~
I . f
u,J" Ji;;'-r'}L.Ji;:Jc;r$.vL~.1J-utL.f":""V-h.1)cJ_-'lrLv1.1,1a,.,i;..Lh.JJI(.:)~;
L .•~ .JJf~~.......
L ' ~.nJiJ (.)! (.:)l;.fL~~,
a:
.IJ,-, • • . / .,tp.£ ,1Yl:t1 t"it t::-/~?..1,1-~Cf;t::-
'
.. . Uf;Jv-r: ~,;_~ ,
-L.1J'---j.LJ'! t".fIP-. v•r!-,·~., t~r;·i:C.~-,i;~~
. v. ~~ ,. ~ wl- ..• ~1.nbl~.·.~ ·;;;iA,"..• •
~ ... ~,.

'k.1Jl:)J~J?v-L,1Jk.1J,dJ~U,ILv.,tz_,vfk.1J~J~£~k·Li;J,k,l):'-~~/J!~I
L-mk-Lk.1J-v..ti,_.ii:;>(.:z,k-Lk.1JV-":""f"~r'.J?.l.l)J~tJ1(J,1.1,":"'~'~Lk.1:1
-~J't-e;tJ'1,}.1,1(J;Jti~1y"1;f~Lk:1J~~~,k:1~,1£1,~cJ_,>-
~(p.~JI . ..::, ~ ,
•• ~ '- . - 1 ~ 111 - r1,. - 1 "'"
(Vegetati'on and· Wild. Life) - ·5 ··, - -"', ~- · ·\,> •• ·

. (Vegetatlol\).:,.,~
-1.0,L(rL~~.~Lf~i~J.J~.1JU.~ ~..r,,,/Jj«t1,r.,.~ff~.c=(~ --
70
:.~ Oz-..,,,v-ul~J/J~.1J1J~£LcJt=J1 -1
-~ J_n LIJ!)~\f ul~4'-/JJ(./I~
··-~·
i./.. i:1- r...lJ L Ir L h -=-- ~?.. .1 l{. t..v- U~
("I Jt, JfrAJ,!J
oJh) ..::-3.JJ L /,~.nl
~IP J.f J;11J'(' if,~ U?.1J cJl-'.J.t
d.1JL.J(..J1..!.,J}1,1,}.01;-,v,-
,1.,.,_~
'v .111
,JIA,o~L,J~l~l,J/-'.E 2-..:.,_?-
-<.JJ..:., L ~ f_;) Id~ J.1JI ~.h"'
<.IJ~ v-<:1-UJ ~ ..:;,3,;)L ~JI .:;;J,,;:-, )>.,.,-r(,l)i.Llef /oJhJ.i./.. ul~ (..fb()}~ -2
-UJ Ji;,t, !J;t, 1L..:.,,;: JI (1", () ~ J l.1,J',, ..!.., ~ fc (.:)I)/

L.f.i.1,1.;;.,l,,;,A,~;Lu~LutJl,{.11J.1(; /1ukJi./.. cJZJJ..:., ~.1,1,::lv- ~~A.~,,.., -3


-<.JJ L~L~..::-3.1.,
e;:.f;L..~i1,l~/J«ef!rc~..:.,~,~~'~V-d-UJ.,;:y..:.,l)>.};v!u}~J1~ -4
C.J~J~c~uLt.U.£,.J-~_},Jtil;,J;~,tLt~
., ': . i./.. u}~cJ'-u.J2....::-3.JJL
..,.

r11.1.;1,,,1Jt_vJ 2-,.f.;;.,~LJ:j..Ji'v-.tlvLUJh.1J-l.ft. Ji;,, Y.n1JJJ;/,,.,; l .


-v..t a/;£.,.;;.,~ ,.f .t11.r-Lu,/.1,,uYZl/ii;,tJ J
~,s~~
-4r-t-./'-""u,1.1Jl.t1Cir:j;,=_u}1PJJ;~~if"~J.,-rv:,~,J.hJi./..ui~cJJ~,J~ -1
J;..t.'f---t-lr~1i,"'(tY..J/,;,=_if-f-t-1~J1i./..Jl(..,i"Lj~t:n{u}1p;(~Jb.
-~J1r.t1(~D.1J'
J_,;>LJt1l~LJJr:1,1'rjJ;,J/JJ',.rJ,;.fJ'..::.,11:.?1~t.JJ(J~,LJe1Jl)!~.t:f1 -2
-'r J.rr Ji,,.:.-,?-i
-rJrr(LL~.~to/v.1,~,,,~LL,1Ji,;:.,,,v:..::.,1A.tJ~)J~~~.;;.,~ ... 3
-~t-L.0Jv.11L.1'
' . .,, 1.,;;cJt:JLd4C.-~cJLv(u#~,rfJ~~
~ ' -4
:~,. - " , - : - -~ 71
-v.r '=-" J/rf..::.,..t,J..::.,.1 I.?,f'.1J.J.,, cs L 'v.,,i ,Pt.ft""'-:-' rJL
-:
~<ff~,~
., .
-s
. .

.J~1l)!..::.,1Ar.~1l)!1,1~0J?.yJ'~1.f.,(,.a~~f~~:~(Lv/.0J~~J:(~Jb.
. . . .
. :-6 \

-~az..~LtLv/.,~i:i~t-iv,i, .':
• • • • ' !. •

e,Z.1) 0LY~ J l(.L j~ s;7=' &.tl; 1}...(,(if~1t~fo.'v!;~ rf~v!Z.µv~.1) .. ·; 7


.
-~-dr~/irvJ;iJ'c:t;~~,if
) . .
vi;·. . '. . .
... ,jr;~ . -,,_.:.,,11..IJ~.i!....,.Yi~'-,:..::.,JP.
···.
,.
, ,,r~
)J , .. )~Jill
r.,
~v ·1..,1_. ""'-"''L''
:?.rl' • •
11,.1l#v ,% (.) V .JJ!~.11.z( v~
("'.,;.._·a . ,...;;
• ;· : !'- . ~·.: .; _.'. ·-~ .;~ .
-~t-ri&.i
jJif~L~,~1.1J.1,1~J~j.#J~ . -
Ji i;,!;;.:;~u-?u..t2;..f-:-'JrJ~ ~i;t;~_(..[t4..-1.1(.::.,f.·ij!i.J}~&~)1,;,(-~.1J -~.
-'f-J.~~t tJv1.1,,'rJ~"t,#J'
-u..t J,r J i,,.:.--1 ZJ! ~r ~ JJ I(..) f i.J 7. o. At\f~lv~..::., J,6.. -1o
.Y.l.J.!~l ..::.,L~ J j~ J.f J~.1il J~~~ L ~ i;:f~ -u..t ~J l,j/ ..:.,> ~.~~ -11
' .
-L.l.J·..::.,~~:tJJlr.1Jl'f,?ld
. . ~,,,,.· ~~,J'~~·
-v.JJ:1,?~'4:-L(>4.1Jt:J:{}&:.,,'.:!tfo~~ -12
.
-v.tL/~&.1~/(..)u;l~.1,1~·,,J':?rLJ1....V~..::.,~ -13
i


-i..a' Lf,J1.1ttfr1..t ~cit:l't . . ::., Lb.. -14
I

-u..t~f ~J!,.t,,:;t,(..)~~~~.1J(~J'J;1.--f:.1.1Jl~1I.:;..,~ ~15


. --,.. .,, -u1tL,1Ji,,.:.-,,J!~LJ;,1.,,;t,J~(..:..>.1J -lJ>
~v1..::.,-~~-Ll1+~L1;.J~~~i£~,~,J~~-Le,,i,f~~f .: .
u
"':-""' 1;,o lf. u..t if,J f 'lu k/J.i.t·
I
u,J~ If/. ''- ~ r 'J4:- L L,~. ~i-'-·+-. J';r,l/i.t.
, .
·
. . . - ""4:. "'L.J1
.
. ....,~J~/J2-d
• .••. . ~· y _• •

. .~:-~·v~,·" ~-~ (W Life·af ftltUi&lum)~


if,Pt .1,L./vz_ '(j1j,_t (..),)~ !;)I_~ l,t ,/ij. (..),)~ ~ ...J~I ,:t~J~(~~-
72
,.1iA,Jh,'::,,1)!-',~.11.1A',~.1ek--,~J1L~{vtASv.,Jlfv·d,_vJJ~J::b.SJ~L
if ~J<..-.1r!.1,1je.,J,tL '~ JG....:-vJ a.I~),?-~,,d/i ,J.f.if£L,Jf.JJ~ ,J/.
-'c~JAj(j!J)J''-?f<J.,.1iircJ'L'--AJIJ"4-l.)'1_'f-U'J,1(~U;2°JI~
,~,,:Jfi u(,Jj-,J l,/,.1k.4vi1}P>;t5;~A( *
1,, ...0~1c_,,,;t e/ t-v12-1 ~ o.2J .1i .1,,Ji
,:f,.,J.~lkcJ'-v12-~~Y..;;.,~4JL:;~~,
,ft,d/i t.1~ ,Jh)I ,J..if-1.)J L~L~ ;}'f J?.
-uJJ~'-->{ JG"~.1Jl .1,f or'

tJ~14-LvlPJ.11L~j1-¥Ldt;f'; *
·1,t ,.faL1, L'f L; v- <J}~ Jt~~U-1,uJ L'f
';..{ ,J! vi~cJ'-v.! 'f--''f Lf- cz: j ;2* ~k> J?.
-vJ2-.1ilr4 Lf:C.,1JJ,id~;ff
J?J,, L Ir L ~ ,J..·(..);~ j~JJY.1,t c}fi I;~ *
-v.!~v! ~k>
.~.·1 .1?.1L J ,7-.... '.r-·~·
~ (., ,;?"'-. 1-r.,
I'U «.
-i::.:>
;JI
7 . ..?. ("'
vl,a,''-- c)~n
,• • • .•I ..A..
H

-vJ ~L , rJJP.rJri.,;,if;,,~~
..

. /» V/"V/

73
LIJ'.:
• •
. .• I- • • • •
rt.,. e:
~;P'
....
t .m;:it::
c:». Jv,,-tfoJ~Lu,;;/ 01-1.1.12..r~ 1?.1,1--~<1Ll.ftJi~ J!v,;;:L·tfili''i~
-=- - ":' .• . ..... . . . - ,.: .;. 19"' ".i ;:...- • • . , ~~ .• • • • •.

v.J LJ'f.;;ru.Yrf0i:;.(1L/..::.,fit::-vl~J/~/JJ.1,1~.;dv~.J~1Lutv~A
<:) ~~ .1h'", '" .,;~ J1 r~ ~~ .1}.JL -v.12;. e l.1 s~) ·~,'.~ ,/:»t.lL~ y\)Y.r.1J,
..::.,'.:;/:~ -6..Jft/.-f-a.t)/J!t
J.1..J.a?v .rivL ~.1,1 er>L .£ v' tYiJ?.,~i
..;f· -:.. :i,

. _.::_ryrc:), ~I}. ,J!a.1.J1}./.ic}JI}


'
.1,,·1i,,0..::.,k>~..::.,~.r.;Jj[:,,.1,J)f-1;1}t::-d,k>J>.rfrr,;;1,~·1}'1/cJ~;LJ(;i4u ·~
. . .f""t.9 ~ •
-~""~~~rvv r.t·,JJj.1

ok.~rV,ft (ii) :1e:J:J~ (r>


. _ ,~(..::.,~ ,(iv) ..;w,,~vt.o~~ i'JL-i, cm>
f i.t JLit::-,f J'J'J-..r.;,4J!.,_,,;;;rfvuifr .r'~ (vi) /JJL., (v)
...Jj; '( l.).tr(a~J>. (yii)
. ' ,, . . ..
-

.
+.~ • .• <.::(··.-·
. .
J~ .
'.
,JJ.I~ ~.,...J~~-J.1..J(' ,L ~·l;:.fi.. ..•
'
'.
(Pakistan's Major Natural Regionst
Their Characteristics, and Problem$)
••• • • e ,

Lu/;,.1.,1..::.,tt.c,..::.,t-~··,(,,.,~,JA-.if,:1-;t'J!v-? 7.J!Ji·~,1!/~~J~..J"
'~ t..J14...(,,,J,Jb.)L,:lf,:f.1
.
...1>J1-1-; -1


..Ji>Jtv-1
• ••
. J.J,I J... JJ L. l(.,,,k, a,..L .JJd ~' t-1v!.a,.v~. .t"'.1,, _. i;,.,,...Y"
'1.-<. . . ,..Vo) .u re j ,....,." L (;) l;:JL--:
J.1J(~cl'(''":"' -f-t"l J'~c1~J.-~.t"'.1,·, ,jfr-:,d~Y" ,..1>j,~£~1-l..!.l ;{l;)t-1-;
-Lv/Au.1~
. .- . · .• . ..• . Ji> j,.J,b
.... '~
...ti'\-
J.11Jv~Ji.,,_~·JvSuJh.1Jr. 'f-j!; 1}. f-t'~ if(/(;)1-1-; Jv~ (a,.-vLh-'Jd....1>-.:'
~~,:-f-1.'1 ~ J~/~fYli,J~..J)(;)~h,l.11}{...1> ,:-f-l;: 4':- ~(),11JJP{
r"
· q"{
· ·ot(.,'I
c,.. .1.• ()( "':"r't
1;. , rt -d' "' (.," • ( I ~ ("' -'r
- v.: ~ ~ ,,) 1 0-.1 u l;)~,1)"-- u, !-'"-'J -'f-.-?-' ..:...,-' e , • I.' 17.
- :. r/Jr!' J.

~:-....: ~ ~- .:, ~ ·~::,- . . ..• "".. ~ . .


::~.-,.;· ,._ •..,, -: .• •~· • .• ~·
.. " . ~ -~i.ll,.>.1J
' v ..

-ur ..,Li,~.1 j '.% rJ~ rJ'uP


L Lfi.1?! ~1.1,? J,za2'}. J' t$J~ 1
JJ~,J!~ul,"':"J..o.,~Lu,,,;?-
... ur&J~~__,;f~!,.$~UJh.1)-'f-Jir
_(/!..,Lj'f,kl,1,.1,ttJJif-.1L(1J~~w¥0'

. J
./oJhJc: ....:v!iJ?.l.,,::.1,IA(ll.[~IO
~SJjiv., . '-,y.1v!e. j,~L"':"r"
J.1):..1.)J?,.v!'.A#jr,J'-.=.-~~ LJJ/1.JJI( ,,;{._~ ~r ,t_,,t;.t;J.,'f 'V~( ..0
"-''vl,f;.,~Lvk~ G.. r/J.11..:.-L.1.,;,J,~J'-6 J /..;?..::.... ~1,J}. JJ£v-,~rJ;jJz'Ji
\' I .,.. I

75
i.t/.~Jc... k~L;ZJu.JJ1~;i:,_;, J,.~ 4f'}( L°'V:',..'f- r'1J'..JJ,~,.;f.::...~ v.·LfJ,f
}uvrej,~L-:--r~-7~,.?UkVJ'ev1,J!J;J{J~~,,1~<f.1;-+-,;/,~.J
_,_j,~CL.JJ1J~1Ja!;.1.tt1J~'-°)~ ~'--k"-Y.v1".11.l'?-:J~Te,1f~
.Jz;>j,~.(·k
L1.11-~j.J;~,.f ,iij=v)Si:J1~Ju~-ut;/cfcJ1:+/v;./..J(111k-Lk.1Jl£,..r1
<f~~,!J-:"i/{,fj~~Lu))~'f--J1rS.::....1l(lcfr-iJeJ1J'-,:-/L_v'~J/
JU'(jJ../(j~JJh,1,;/u?.~,J'-/'J-~c,~t}.c..."':""'(UL(-c!t!M/-4rt-lrV,.1,t
U:l}_l.)J.J? ,=.,t..J_/_JJIJJ/1 dJ/(e IJ'f-1...b ~('I ,je!,·,J'll.,/'~,tJ,'f,l;f:(,t!:_4J1

-v!.Jf cf4:-L ur?t.l i,1=-·-~/"-i,.,~ult-J.~ t~.1,1 .


. ..wJ,-¥(~~}.~,, ,/:7,J!-~yl
~ul~L l;}IJ/ .1,1 ui;JiJJ,..:.-,/J:u;: ,;J~ J·uk)Ja>Jt~·(1ffr'-,.;.!'T.r-'

~~o,k-Lh.J)/J:!.L<.:Jb/-'f-0"V~~/J.ti1~;:;...·{-J..kf1,f~J1~L.1,Lt-i: Ito • ., ,... •

..P.'f-J/-:--~,,i.Jt,L1rJ~C-(Y~~~Jli..JJ1L;,/1,·~Y..1JIJiJ~J~:1~J~
• ...
. . "="'~Jct....(;.~,.1At.vir .
_7Jf
• .• J ,c:s:,·,
•• .• • • • • • • !6

~ .Jl(I J,, L~-J~ ~ ~~ ,.(J~J,~.;,.;k;,~~~~cJ~A'r',-., • J


-~, j~. (J v· ~/, 1JrL)l.1ic... ,J'l.ii"-/.ii.L
l v _
,.
,· • J,...;,.l&~ u-·u
::1. • _ ~ .- :·
1'/:tL
= . .• . -. ,. • ,.,f
·J )~~·t"lt~I
~.-,w~
~u.r~r• Ju~J,t.1,~t~10r~.;~J~fJ)~:J!~~~~4--~L,tfr'~~ ~
I I ' . f- . ·

76
,,.
.Jt>J!7-2
JJ-'":'"'P.(cJL~li-'f--c-iif
t.:.-~.,.JJ~;..;
-...
~,zf~ ~110 JA,.;VL--U~.J°'I..:!'
-~
' .!i$" . Lfi./, ~ ....u- ·"' ~' Jiu
.. /'-:' LJ
·"'J~,Lf.f-"'i,;~Alf...1~=u.. "':"'r';'
'J{.-2 / (.,}!o,.k-.1,lf--l-'1 !t{'_k(...)l.;.1h f.1
Y{ t,.J,L,:g1L.h~/;,1r.ft?.1{,<'J{k
o,k-..f. ()' ,.1 h c)l;.J.; if..~ r~f~y'{+-
-'f-- r Ir 1; ~ ~ (t L i./t :1~',)~
~..futL !JfJv
1 i
"!
~;oJV(u/?-v.1tr~ryJij( ·~
·.
(J~ LJ~{.,}("-,:-P-,}.:_.;.~-iJ~J~{~n 7J~(C0~ -~~~ ..0,,;;i,(J°b.(}f-
-~t-~V"':"'~tf~""',.;fui~t'-'f--t-irVJ~1?-L ~ Lf !jr..J. u.r. ut-
,J1i~cJl;.{.1:-.-,:-e ,, wk*.1)L.21..v Lh.1).1,, {'-Lh.1J?. 'f-- ~~~./ v,J (~i;.(~
~v.fJt1.1...,;~m..vLh.1Jl1.J~£Lv'-'f--'J1~{i~1Lmj~.J,,"':"'r;,},Jfc4
-,:-'1-l;i.J,f .;:.;:,r j1A~ d-'f--J~JJ~ Iif~u1:.,'":'"'f! o,°'L u,,,l-f--VV
J~.J~£J'tJ~f . (.,}!c)t{'.1vl-,:-.er,v!cJt:?~~yP'h,1.1~"c)~.1vf
~ . (cJ~.

~tt~uk/~/,i4-LJ;,,:-(~l)J~l-'f--00"':"'r4-;0Jh)~~,JL,z..;JA-,:-
..; J;:1}_ w.!~1J.r::...e,,l1n(-'L1.{.~-,:-t-,i{ IJ?.11.1,1,.,.11) ;oJhJ (v/,iL vl(- -,:-
;,Jk;--'F--_{,.r::...v!vi~J~,;.> {J;t,J.~;,1'ci,?o>·K (cJt:Ji ..s°'='-<'r--./.'/. LLYi
. -:v.12...;~)IJ,IVb.J.jt(J,,
~ifv-3'
-,-J.n ,k(.f c) I_,;: I V: ~j-6f.n f_t,/&:.-;/ ,.f i::,.1 "! ~·~k ,:- r'(l.. Jri..,. Jc) c:J1
!/.. ' I/~ JI~;,,.
tJtd~.k.U~J-~o'1.k.J. - (~&:-.....d-;,,~
Ir.) • . '". ~
,x~ (~ ·~:11:G.
,- (,,,!; I
~yV· I (:)f..Y"
v{'AI ,:-Lr1,,~
.• • ():I •

-µJ J-.;..,.J,>JJh,1(i ;.,.I{ lJ!


.1 - . '
.1 L J.;·tJ,&;..,;1)1!
., • '
I u)/~
~.. . ~~, ~
. . ·. _, ; ·_ r r; ,,i--:.-1r1, -.- /l"~'~::j;.=ri..·::-n,,,.."*'~r'L
:..: . ! .• "~

~:~, .·;:' u,~u,,·,J·.r·f.:~~~t~~-.,~


• .• • . • ·..•~ .• · ··.··.'l!i. .;~·;,~.: • •);.. r. j ~ .

.n.~.r~.;;;1.'?-L J~J; J.tl?


. -c..• 'i.1
' v~.

fJiJ/ ; . .,:,,k)~~<.tc.J 1/if~


J~ .1Jh• •e;((JL--Vf
. .. -'f,--J.t1(.}!
_}=·...u,2£Jv
- .. .._ 1.nv!.J~J't,... L~k~J"" .• .,_.~.1
-i~JJ? L ~;?,~kLk.1) -7J.n ~-:}J~~.1.t"\>i(.[:l~,.p. +- Jl.1JJ(l,J!
. ~ ,.JJ)l.5:1~,1,1 JJ,j,,.f J!?.".fl. L(r·Li.i::,~L
L ,~ . (Mangr~ve) JJ"k
.• .
-r- '1.E l!'i ~·f~ I( vii . . µ1 r'~"'J;,(J,
1

,.;.11,uJ"' ,..,;,/
~~,c)~~;:,=-Ji;.J~(J/.1!IJ~f~l~.,~~~,.1~<.t.Jt~}/L~1ajr,
. ( ., ., A .f 1 • rl' . ·.r'. • . , f! ~ ... I.·.: .>. \'·
Uc)Yc)Yt,.l,~0Jk)..::..~-f-:v111,,1 • • t,Jr-<Yi,Ji,1 Ur.J1.1il ~,!J/.vJ~tJ.~·i-
;-rY'/
4Ji:ru.lJ26.:;;.11.1,,?.1J·Jvj'''""~,v!,~?.~_t.n J1PJ,7.(Yrt..1d4rJ.n~,>.-ifvit,r
-f,-,t;.1..f '
-
. ..........------------ . ti;), -- . - ~ - . --- -·- - ~c;,
; JJi-. u J Lt(.~~,..r'=
v0~o,1J~"":"""-Lt..t1~,v~~~-UJJ!;LL1.;~.!lJPLj!n~lv:J:?.v1
L.1J.JH:11J i.teJ, _'f-- JYi if.. ui-S'L /.?le- ().1.,jJ.1~/&JhJ-f-JYiv=/
0JIJ

-<.J.YJ~
..!,.,~/ (iv) .::Ar(5JI, (iii) J,A(5JI, (ii) ;?"rJJJ, (i)

·,(jl.,( i-· ..
v -,t~~

J·~1L ~l.1L;.1,I J~ ,uv~ dJef J.::.-LG ,y,~1fu= t.:J~-'~-:-Y"i./.. L~i.fl


,(D))..:Jl, J!i-? 'JJY).::.,~j'LJ;JF, L~
,u~J1LSJl,t1>1J/~.P-L ,ffr:.d--;~
-Vo! Ji; o;!', ..:--~f.1JI JJ',L)i:, ....{~
u}~r_,F'._7 J11 ( ~ ~' 12U:,~,.;VL,,,
._f ~/~ ufi 47 .:;..,;17,?)) v! u,,;fv:.
0(Y--7 t"..t1 ):..t, JI( L/ (Y,..f. f-- t"~ '&J
Ulr.-f.- (-'f~ .:;..,~J~-:JiyJL..::.,,;;,
~---------~ ~(~1,1.:;..,"~Luku~,'f-":""~)j~
-v.r·J~S
. j~...f.3r:
L / ,r.Gl.1,1~~ilcJ~~v(cJ;gf
;1#lJJ.1~~Vvult+~.u.,t.--v(.P~

J;,,J1rf~f(~··,,=-...!l, 1s~ 12
. "

'!::Li..',. - .: ,-1-,-.i1
-7.1? C-.--:>J J'..:.-~~L j~}.1JI
-i.JJ~('1Jv~JIJ.1JtJ(Jy/~,.1f?.,tfi(..d:.JJ.~,(J{

J(~.1.nl~~J~.PL~}. ,
(Major Environmental Hazards and Their Remedies)

JrL
L ctJi.tv'-v.l J LL!JrL UYl J1.t1J, ..::.v'l.,g'./.{ ("R~1.1,1J11 rC1Jr.r°Jh.1l'-"1.i.-z
i, Ji;J.AJJi
L1,l()J~l,(J:J.,J.h(.fh--,J-lr0c.J!.JLv,JJ~J1t1'.w1.::..,t"y,tfrl~,~
' .

_v.7,J'"'j1~;LJrLLv1,7~J(lfVi.tL~vr3o{,r.u~/,Y.

..::.,~~.;J/J.rLJW,
(J,.vL.;) w.;; J, ~....;J-0/,~-'f-Lt J (3fJi. AA~4,-lJ, ~ rJ'J" J"}. t::.- ·,J~
(.f\: ... L:--L-- (~ L Jr.f j~ v~~ Jv, J11 L.tt LJ1 ( c_.·,Ji! ...J),J/JJ J~ J;.1,P
LJ;1;Ldtft-lfYicdof(r(dJ.1Jl(J1if.f ~l)i> '~tJl'v:"-iJ17.1'rZ.A£,.11j/~

. JJJ..•J'_.,-,lit.1,t,J,Jr·Jfd_
_£1.7,lf - . .
-'f-li-"L--(~~'-,7.J.ic,,1JIJ?L'-.1Vl..::;,(.f1.
~J1((.::..,~ -2 .1~(- -1
t;.a,}.(t}i j~?L ~4 ~·~:wl-[.;?()!~(d!J -3

f-¥2~~:.:~tr-,i• i ! ..• ;.. ~


' . .
(Water Logging~nd ~alinity)Jtl,f ·.;;;t

Ct1f~~,JJJJ~.1~,,_JJkJJ' J;~J;.:i(\
..• .. . j( f:.-2 r :·_;Jfr~~.1. ~.
-~-/(J'(j;,tf,.e:,.,!.1' • •
- ~ ~
l.JJ.
' .
' 1- "• ., -. ~;t=~~ CJ~!
:-;~.1l5"j~.:::....UJ/ _j

.
~/_,AC -11

4-)Qr.,.w1r£)LJ~; -iii

~(J~Ju})~~ -iV

-v.1t-=..LLJ1Jj--1.1P~LL~.r.lt~ J~L.1)., (-Lc1L:i~ ~l;


.1J~J~1LJ10.t-j11.,,.1.,1
. 7Jlf.,,z(tS Jh~.i--::J~if
. ~°f ulJ~i -1

_.:;_J1.,,.,,zd1JJv-
c •

-~Y.-..:.JL,·J~.i;<:.i(J~frtftJ'u.,t~.,,uif -2

-(UD,l5"~ Tu~~\;,-():': u;.f' -·3

-rg(uiJ.1~~L~jL(f.;.,1J~ -4
1:.. •• (
_-::.,JJ\r-""J~/l)LJJ.11iv17 -
~:.,/ 5

(D~forestation) t.s1f(i..:.,~ -2
Jt;.. i.r,iL,.,,z,~1 J.,cvc..t.J i.f rt
~ -::,...~ ~ ~ 25 ~ 20 ( '4-.1
~ 5..J/'\tJ'-.1l-icf-1 ~tJ)J/CYi
'
J'-:.,~i:::.-L/~.1,fv.J ..::.,~-{'4-.1
. .
!fl-:.,~ -,=-,/.L,: LLJ1..:.)~1v!t,)
;_l,)!..::.,~,?.,lJ"~
-·vJJ)(:;.1)('ilP? ,JJ

81
. .H.;,,v!~k).,?Su.f~~.,SLWi,i.tu)~r -2 1l:JoJ~)~~.1,?ru?.1J· -1
Ji..tuYA -5 i.Jk.1~J'u?.1J -4 JLPtv!.1/J,tf -3
JSthJk.1)
. . -8 J;,irJ~rL -7 J,J1,Zi.t·~~ -6
-,:-J:)(.fJ~J.jD.1~JJ'~~
Ji.t.J.,,..rJ~f (i)
J Wi I I.}! J ii,';L_ c,r.! J (ij)
ukb..f J~.,... (rn.)

J~~~SL.ftf-j;~.(p~Llr/. .1f.1,,~.1i.tux:; (lv)

{;..t:~ "?,fa (v) .


~ -
J?V- e,r J Y?1L (v.j)

· JW,1<.)!t.,t,J~rL (vii)
..:.,LJ..J1(1p .
,:-Jf~L,..J1.::::....;:...f.Jvfi1,1,:-ui.;-/,J~4-LLw,1,'-,[!,4-.1L~~~~ . ~f
-vJ= ...(,~.:::::... !J!.c.11
. _7J~.J~(dA~4tu1~1~,Ju!Jv -1
-(L ((:: ..:>j)i.t vfl..f t-f-- .J:fr;)fr11f(,{<J/J:1,,l'r-JJ: tiJ G4'-(l)I~~; -2
-~'r¥'~LTJ~.1 .
{~ltf L.ft~.1r-·(LWi1v-'LJJ~Jb.cJ!,r_1~4-";L(uA,?1{i.V:1t-r.1~. -3·
. ·~~·1L,
' v..
f(o.1if.~,;-rf1rJll/J;.f.J!4-.1.:>t:/.)L~~~~:~tiJ:cJIL·~,
k.~1.1 ().I~J'l.)?.IJ): ~~·t(p,~~-t!ui,.1,r,.,;Jf)(oJfj(Jii.it.-~)ruk~
rf
:..T"' Jll"'~ Jr,/tJ;1.r~i~.:::r <-
_ _...,_. ~-- . ~; ' - .
(Desertification) t1f ;1J...yV:~(~; _3
riJ,¥ i./.. ~~;J,.,~1 CY=~'f-lJI)~ -:;,).,) 0cJ!'J)?.1J/d~~ L J~JJ,
-u.J J j(:1.1J .=.-~?.J (' l.t-? ij ,J'l -'f- 1.5'.1
Lf1/u.,~~. . ~-;~.f...fi<{L(;;!; -1
i:/..J~if-'f--Jf y;(Jj..,; Jvi~
-'f--Jfy;J;?v-!,?' /.ri}
·~=.,-t'L:~L..z~)uLuJ?-rv-u;.f'
. .- . -2

,.::-,~..v,.--!·._,-~~-?
''; • I- - • •, "'L • • •
,,:; .. , . r"f!,'1 s,;;;
1.,/ • • '/
.• ,.,,. · ?. V.;
• •.J i::::;.... L/ 0
.. ,.+ j .I
-.;If/-.r., ,
I~ ,.,,,.J17.• •

-'f--Jf y;J;?
v- 1/f i:t;if Jlt'~; 1.ri ~x~u;2".1,1D((~~,J~1,u~)JtL~, -3

.. . . .
. -v.?'~Y~(LJJ;?
-v.t Y~rL./J;;v!~fct;J);ifu)~ rju,J.rivx~J~--...,, . .~f -4

_7J~.rr?7i;t;J)J~L~4);1Li.;..,(tJ'A1f~l(f~~ -5

-'f--Jir.riJ ;1,f.. v~;·tf-'~L.ri,.;J lP!.[,~~sc,r!J J.1; -6

(Environmental Pollution and its Types) (l,i,Jut.1,,J;; J!f.PL -


tJr
~JJ{J;JtL[Jf~',.;/~iPJ'i.J.J:vl?.t!r.ttJLt(17.1~~1.v;-J'.PL~j,~~
f-~.1.tr _;i..;,(..l!(.!J.~1Jw,~4-,=-"'!t~Lli,?{Suv1.t~(VJ~LV _:;t,.i_,_.
-ut~.14.,..(-J(..;.--4ij)i I J.~.P L. ~i.J? (;)] oi.1!r~.% J;:;9k..,.,?J'i.f,~ ~i;;iJ,
8'1
r~,J'J,;r J~1t
J_,1r~r -Ai·. 0 J;J;Jw _j

J_,1,~p -iv f
JJio..J _;;;
,I'
l)Jif tJuJ .• i
~t-~.,,~LJ;',.v.J1,c:::i.{~';/,J'i . . . H""
c: (.).IJ/,;;,, if' LL
(IYc\• •H."1~.IJJ.,J.Y.Y~

' .
~ Si.tJ rJ uJ -,:... ~ .1 tr r.11; J'> d>. (:}) Jyti>
.,..vJJJc,.11..::.,l?.,f I
(.)li"J (JI)

-4rJL;u1J'1'J'6'oJ,~.f.1,, J1".JfafLufe.1,~.1if1J,u,/1Jt.ftV:.t.11
v.:-/J~ (~)
£~ut.fl·'-,,.;Jt,L~,f i.trJ,/fL~..:;.,h,11A~~.,1rJ,1ifJrJ.Pi./-t.11
J ~ /, J
_i.,,1Jr.;v::,,,)d7J,.,2Z~rJt)t,1v_:- ..-~,.,
JJ (c,)
-v.JJr.;.,j,..::.,l)jL~J,zJJ1u!kLJ~J.h:tlLJ.ttV:,JI
~,;,L,Ji_,1; Jw
u,.1J~,rJ)W1~i...r-,=-1Jl<L,·tli,1"-uJ..f J~,...(f-1.1,17J.1m.}...:;.,.J1.?~.1)1(~;
_(' . .
-u.t~""~/~,;"? "tH1,{u~,, 1

J;.,, ru• r .u
~,,~J,_7r1v4--L~;J'J~i)J,.ri
L ~;1.t1~.~'f-'""1~J~...PJli~J°(
-~ 4,.L J~, jw, j~ .JA! iJ _;1'~ ,.t. r.11 J. 11,...
-:
-~
, Iv_
, l..J r,z. ,._A}·~·~
• u~·,,{ JL" ..,.. . -.::::.
· · 'J;
"'' • v , ~~J.~
- - . ~ J,_:_, ' - .. ' ~
8:4
·-u.rJj C,.J)...:..-v:., r'~ i..fif
0,1..~Ll),t),J?.f-L'.°'f !Jt.ii.tUJ/.1,IUJh,.1JJho)..,I
' .
r 0YJ~1 l{ J7J:t .1,I u,/ -1
-~ doL;Jf
. d...L~L.:>J
. " .
1
-~~).l'":""1}/j~_;L..:,./~~~(.1!j;..JJ~o>Y11s'v,/?-.1)L(i.1~
-2

-f-~.1f'-:"',J.::..-1h1Ji;.J!u,,,i.1,1u:,k.1)J~l<ux!t -3

. .
-iJJt..f'.1h>}Tfjk~;1-1k'-:"'~~r.:t;u~1,)J;;;J1,LfS"-..<~tJµ -4

-1.1.1lfa1)~1}.:::...1h,Jt;~j~O-:)..-,::Jl..[J~J('._.ilJ1,LfJJ~1~L.=..i'I;? -5

.:..-12,Lt;si,J• r
~ • .• ... .L s»
(-:7'?, n1~,:~~~,v~:J'~-,::--~.1)1,.;~,.:::....Jv-viA: v~

x L
r' f "'. l.....
l,)J), ~,
t.,ir~'-'r--ui.1~ (5'}.J,-1.):;Jlpii.ftJ~/.:::....-?, JUi1~0'/,J,s~ t..f'~Jo,~L
JJ, j, ~ ,, .::..-¢ L 0i ~.:::..... J.-=r Jt)J ,f ~ L J,~ 1.a?v.rivLu;. LJ,
iJ/.
• ti' :. • .. i .• . .
-~.JJ~L...J1/i;,.V.;, I
. '
J;;,J..; _;r
- &:It,...,~-. A -v.:V_JV.JJ..:.,yJ.Jv7.u7.UUJ,,
.
:.-,.:-.~-..-~----
t,,,.'r',
v
-:e . • •:r • ..-..~.-~- .. · u. --1-t-
rt ~·?. I:> ,(1, ,(1, (

( jh o;;J~,L ut,P-1,1 t/. - f


. -t~J%'
·-J~,(,~,,"-,,,;{tJµ -2
-o),'-:"'~,L;J;4~i;,J.1..J -3
_.J_;, f -4
_tlr-rrcf-(d.fi;f~,1.,t/ -5

8,5:
~,;,LJJ1(!.;
~~,uµ0J}T J:j J11 IY;:e-J;,i _7c.C1111;;-~.t-( ~ ..JJt.1Jc.. t,1r,J:.'J
..,.::....01c..:)l);iJ
' ;,;LLJ~l~.1it- ~·.
J}1~? -iv
_7 J~y )I:, t.Jl??t .1Jl·tJ.1,f"_,,t.
Jj, L),Il(., (.)J~ , 4),.1( qJ,;(,, Ur-
,(.),$ HV,tJlt, J.,& ,u,,.AJ.r"J,.U,t'J(
.J:I .AJ.1JI <Ji?' c(.j}A?
lwr--1....,· ( (l)I JI f
~j./Jw,1v!
"
t,1,J
JrL Ju. ;,~.1YIJ' ~'
• .· 1( •• f
~-.,..... J;o)i.h.tu,?~u.Ui~J.()1}& • .,:-
_,.iit,
~, v .
..:.,tJ ,L tJ rtft:,
~{djLJ1e-J,11J;,;;_7t-/;i;,./~t;L.#tfL}rlf.1,1·~r-,~~.1vu?
-o_d,vJ/.1,1,:4144 ,w~~{..,u.J~~l.l..t Ef11.~/..:...tJt~A

.::.- it>J;.1,I.::.-p~,, .::-t- ~ ,w! ;. J ~


.,
JL(i)
~~)r~if J~v:r~~'f-(JiJ11J~.?1;jL.J;~;~;~J~1-~1J4---LJ~ -1
, . ,,. .
~·,~ v.:~~,z,~J~&-·
~ .
. ••. ••
_("'

v! ~· vr',_~,,
, r.1.Yi v..
r i.;i u~ . ., 1,1 (fl,.1£. ~(,.fuµ.1,1 ._:L ~tkt;
.JL c:; u~)L1-1.. \ii i<,if ~

-~,J:1,/~./ ~- v,.J.~. f
. •~ • . • l A .. ,
• ' • - [ ._',J· '..;....

-f-0'.1.tt~~J J.;~2r~i:r(a~J~j )!t;J,d.Jf~~


. --'f-1t"~11tpJ;w!A~J,J;~l~l.1J)~ ~LL.tt~.=;;Ji,G,1·~
1 -4
(UVI ~i;.,-·(L.fojj/J.~v~'--:1.~.J':,{'r~.1~eWi.ht.1J:~P--JJc.t.A>Jr. . .,=~<
'B.6
c):J (ii)
-'f-0:-' y;Jv,. 4,..1~~;_p.f-~.1Yt.•H;.1.a?1.r-LJ7-v!J.,~ iJJ'-.1~-1
-7'5'.1.M}l/l;)(j'j.J).1J0cJ:J(j'A-ic....~,,.J;J,( -2
-""1~~1J:.1v.,,J~ c....if-7~.1~!f~(~u}.{)i51,.1.1.,1L1{/~; -3
-7'5'.1y;(J).1;tfct;~L(1~~...(t.1~.1~{cf-; -4

-'f-~.1.)Jl//(.)~!J,g0cJ:)().1V1JIY°o~J,;z.-1_t_/;.,1~ -5
. .

~t'y (iii)
-'f--lJ'.1J1Jv!~if:.::c...-;~j.1.,?)Lu?.1., -1
-v.Jf-.1Ylt~;J~L-;·if,L~Lb>.~J0uP.1~ -2
-l..l.J'f--.1Ylf~~c....Ll.,;,1L.1;,( -3
-v.r~'(Jr.f..~~<fuk.1~0u?J> -4
jJ:,JrL -5
-vl'?--'~-?/1o!:.-fj1'---J.{~~c...J.,i;

~1:!,fa (iv)
-,-ce:~y~(JU:~~~~((.),${_,.,IL)nii:-J?{.1}j}1rj
1 -1
-l.J!'f-Jfjr;,,f~"t> J?,Jir,Ly; L.:t1.(~0'7-Ljh -2
. . .
i
--'f..- l.5i.1J1 l?lo!:.-~J?Lf!'~-; l1'L ~~ - 3
-<J.r·'f-.1J1"-:i_?;.:.,1},'--1.4 ~~J-!~ L~,~.o;i\t '-'-' ~ rj w, -4
-f- (J.;"" }~..::., ~/>.~ if-i.JJ tJi.1J1 fvJ 1f1:.{~L ~ 1pi rSu,.1) ~ r'; . -s
1.1.}!J
-1

fi~; (":"')
~.1tl (J)

rJ,;!1 c~)
~!/ (J)
-/:?
' .
~~~.1J((:)l;}L
":

;cf 0/795095 (~) . }C}O/ 696095 (JI)


;cld/896096 (J) }C}0/7960.96 (c,,)
r,:-l1uP--vcJf~~P.LcJ~; 1>-
~/;,;!-(~) J·'t. t! (._;)I)
(;JT;,f (J) tfi1Jt/ Ge,)
ti.J.1..::.,ik~L.1.;AaL,(:}t:f'~
• • T
tt
5 (-). · 0.5
- (JI)
25 ·(J) . - 15 (c,)
t7.J).-JJ~vwllvL.""' /J'c.&.1,1cJt:f; *
...J:,; <-)
. " .
,JI.tu,/
.,,,. (...;J1)
,f,Jri!f <,) r- • ri,jif <i)
f,:-JtJ.~~/cJ~;~'"-J"Jv-1'(-.11!,1" *
~&)) (~) ":"'l~;J (JI)
Jh1J (,) u),;J <r:,>.
,;:a: ./)I&, (.) j ( l:) 1.~J\ ~
' . ~
.1?.1L (_.) . .1/f. (JI)
.1 (J) (;};c (r:.,)

-L(rYi (,1J (?.. (.(LL[i/(./lc...('-:")(I( /(JI)(( -2

/ I
dLJ...C.1iJ

-s ~..1(
.
.rk:
~/L:JliflJ~
l)~t)JJ~)

--V.:~>.Ji; -3 .
-~.i;.P..t"..4'7l3(
' .
. - ,'.~ ., ~-
".
J~J'01;:.1\c...
~
nJu.,JL1-JrLL:J~L~
.•... *
.-~t,, · v!.-:-"P.LcJ~ *
-+-·t-~lt(r-~u~ . *
IL:Ji::.ri~;;~L,.K,-:-"1
--f-~JIJ~·cJ~.l},(l;.4 1:l 01.VL~J,

~,:-.1,1~.f kt,..,Jc....J_~L.1.1;t..JJj1~('-:'"'!f... *
~71;-uf~tz(~t, - JA~VL,vlf. ..J~L:1' *
-v.t~~-;?--.1~ L....!C~:11a *
-f---J~J~eJ~J,.tu]~ . ,J,i1~J:, 1::<
-f---t,.,,.;:~i.5'JLf.:L ~1,!iii;. 1:(

-f---t ,,v= ~r'l:)tt{.;(~l_.1!; *


,

89
IMF•
-~J~~I?.~ -4

-~!:,~?.,l~J''c!J'~ib. fr

-~ r..:J~.iJ;/(r..:Je:f1 *
-~~k!~~.J?,l~,J'J;,1 rd::; *
e,
· . rv.1 1,1,)!~tJJ~[.l'Jfa:;,,:IJl(!;)a:JJ t.'?

-~:r..frLJ1J:t/; J~.rL· "'k

-<#1cL·~'-~~~t°1,<.t·r..:J~ *
f(./J ~.1"~!? ~ r..:Jfr:)ffJi!L'-.1.L'.1~,ci./1 -t-r
,~J.L{J-,J;,,11'.(!J.
~4'r:)~~Lt.J, *
. t~t1ci!J~.1~J~IJ~,L4kl *
-.#reLLJ~J.1.J(i,,;~~~~ *
.-§ r:)k.~1.JJ.vJ ~1.~.1JtcJt:J.~,4-~r:)t:J1 *.
r4-IJ'jJ~.L1J,~i;JfcJf~,'~L,:JiJ((J~~ *
t7_!1,uLf~uJ"" ,~r~; *
...
,i'o i _ _. . ... .
-~J..;:..,Lt?..::-~
.

·-' _£(!'~~, ••• \ii


• ••
(f
•() • V
},_ '!c,.,t:fi, -5
(,,/~ V T

t~e;1k!Jivru~~.o~Lc1e11 -6
-~~}{J:.ie,.1J -7
-?.fc.1b~0~fif,:-c:C~V?~v~Z:fi:)i;.r~~1;-~L1.K.,"':"'i -a
... -: J...i:;JL.J11.,.,_;
-~..:,.>t;.,t.:::.....J11;1.;;,;;1L/
-· ' . -9

-~.!,..)~?~,ykJ~(u;;LuJh-)) -10 ·

-#i:)~~1,Sej,~Li:)t:-f~. -11

-:f i:)~~IJ..::.,~ -12


V w J ~ J ~.::.. p t/:,s i:Jli:JI<./.. i:J (;)~
t u.J <.)J.1J-:.. I)> cz: ,j, 1 -13

-~..:;.,){(r.,;,,S0J} rJ1-1r~jJl\..[)i:J~-=--~Jk-i?~~.J)/....(( -14


-~-::..>G, ~~c:C~V?i.J..vl~Z:-fi:Jl;f'~ ~J;~L.::..Jl.7~)) -is
-4£'1.fi.tciJ..::.-~<.)JDi./..L!fl.::..!?~,1..::.,l;-~,ct;,j~ ~16

-~
*
~~l)j,(},v:.JJl/J J.,C:~).• J,.)b
,.)b *
_vf 4jJ,7{.l.,1!~1~~~~~uJ't"L~.J1;.,&J'A4f

9'1
..• •

, ..
!V\ll'"<)
_,.)} -
• •::,1...,;.

:~,fL ,.f 1:-.,,.-Ji,:v1~,i;,!L..JUvL":""lLl'


-~ / Lf~ei().:.-~J1:i::1~.1,fcJc:J'L
~ . . . -:

,=..-~tfr,.o,~Lt;,1l;:f~·"'('.ttr-==-~J'J?-J.1/~Lw~i
_JffcJkfAJJ'L.tJ,r;if.ijl)
- -
_uf f~bt1.ff1G-Jr;,:Jgr1L.,i' 1L,<t962.1,1f19s6
_J-/~i.;,J'.,:,LJ1,,,ri1~1,J-_.,,.-1l,1<.,!!.1JJLvr;~i'
_,./ £f~,IJl,pL..1J'JL.L)fi,_i:t
_vf-i_51~-r~y'~S.LJ(:)l;.l\J,;-
( ,,.., .
,-1947-5·8 J.1~v-~ IJJl(~,l,(..::.v"'~.1
(Consolidation of the, State and Search for a
Constitution 1947-58)

. ..:..,,.,,,.· L J;i 11.,,- i;I: 1 Sc,t:1. '-r--jL OJIJ1 ~yV ,

L .:J
~ _I)
... .fJ.1v.(%1f'~:,4((;/,
. \ I I; '1947.i..:A 11

._ik/('-#?JJ?).1f ~L--L~)I~/~~
- . .\
79J1..JiJ!.Pl,/'~~(;169J:i= i.t;~LilJ1
J~t/~1t~-L$~LJ:ictJ1;d1;JY."_,f;;
•• ~ '~ ''"-' J ••

}~.,i1~x~· L(-1J~J'~lll93·5J
,J,1,! _~V.&1.1 (Uzi J,G,dL ,i1,JI -V-0~1:4
J~.1/-LY~rJ.Jf.,,_-j= /J~J/diG',.,1LJ)1!,.;;--fl-'.n L1.1J~ L~LJ)Jf (5/; J
LJ;1.---f,lul~o~~i/L..::,-;.fi(-S~~,)fru:)~)L~~JUJVL
-'!l.,JJ:l/-(/~v'.1J,2.·L,,L~~J.UvLu.,~T-fh.,fJi;u:~)IP!d
r-=ct 0.1,;-'1J.1f&'-h.,f(,f.:::...u}°'r''Ja'-'/dl;f~L.n
Lf J~,~ L J,(~)
L~L,, ..::,-;.f'i("''--/JJ,.Y..1.,1.,~;~J.1{;,)
ea,"'L,.Ji;..JJI ..::..,,(l);,.1.r.(b.1!
...f?,u.,1.~h)f..:.-.1lP!~L.!J~v!~.1lii!IL~L.1~b.1f_£.~.,/L1.f'L~.111.
r1J1u}.,.,jh.,fr.,J~J.~.,,,,uJ"'LcJ.1/i..1}~..J/,.;LJ.;1.t1LJ~.1/-ifJJ1r-.1
_T.,;:yJf ~1?.hJ.~~1(..:.J)~ ,.,/. ..:.-.1~S/Yc:)~.1JL
1'•
~} ~t, S
o.;(J~r ~.z1.1 ~2
?--.1 i..f.. ~.1~ ~ i:.. ~!;)~ (g
~)(L1,J:.~L~1·i.uli.,Y~1,
. .
jcj(;fiA~J;~~,.dl:t~,
' -: • ,. ,., .
,A·- •If•
V'·
;I, ~ ••. ~ t.
J "' ~:h,~ { T ~V'
I ,.,., J,
':':-'!'- '-...Yl ,.; I J..J ._, /

-V't£u!u~~ ~ Lf.i, ;;__; cJl;f'; ~ ~

93
if 1jJ'~1.1,,?L.1,I ~1ni,J~.1,,Ji.1},J'c)i
-·J~-0,Jk.,-:? ~vr- L cJ~ ~f ?,L
i:;/f_t/;:_.,,. rJ; lvil¢.'w~'ir'Lr11"
, .• ~1.1,?J' c(?..lr ~ uP/fp,f 11/.1,,1

ur.f-f lo)vtJ,),.;; S.i:1...z'Ll-JJ'iJ.1.,t


,~ >.IL~/rJ,lf. lufl-lJ'.1,;Jrf v--
.:;,Jf- -·
• f;- ,-11"'
l' Jc' t::-' l
• (""
v 1)/ 1.,.· i.; v? l'
&,~~~J~J(1.?.l/-~JJIJ~..1 j
M "'"' •• ~

~ - ,; '"'vi,;,;~,,(J 1,,1,,\S}. J1,tf~ /.i,;..t I; J-li


~~cJ~t -3·
·I
-"'"Jl; JijJ_t:_ 4-- ~.1lsi! v:,,~t.5:-: ~);;~{ u?jtJ,J.1~~ uJ~LcJ~~
J,,t..:1_0~, - ~Y .. • .. . yi
. . . .,., IS"(~L~k--1-L/ij)
/
- ,_ J1"~~o,;!,u,J'l.1'-;""e.1,ll));;!•
. . . . . . . . t:.
. ., ~ . 'c,f)v!JijJ
;/. "'

-V:iJ:;u1.11?JJ}.r./..L.frrv!;GJ~-f''J'u-?L/.;~J.1~1djJL.t1L'~~.1lP!

~Juic-, ~4

~.1l¢.' .1,1.0,~~L ,Uil/ J,;~uf

r,?'~t>Suit,J:. -
~ JL,oj, t Jfv-.

v'I ~t::f~~ uiv. ,u~u:.klr'


L t,JA..:'f-~ Lh./'" ~.,~ (
cffi J.- L 2-.hy/~{~t:J!
LeL~~Lv.A :~VJ#i~;

94
L~.111!e--f',J'1.5.1,,f.J'a.1(G"Jt .. ~t{t'fJ1}v1~-"1~Uv~C-.J)Jl:Jt1-i;,J:i
/.ie-L1.r, . fl-lJ!IJ!Jl-:?IJ4!....JL.::.,.1ll1€
. . ._.fJf1L,.1i:I-'
':"
50 ..L~. -LJLJ.1i:l-'700
.. ~
L-..Ul/l.)i,J.J,11.t'i O.Jr~v! i./-J.t1 Jf k Jr,J,~li L ._v V r.)i,J ,.;! J.J ,.;! ,- 1947
-'l-.t1,JfJi.fi,. l.1J~ ~.Jr IP~ LJJJJ'~ttf~.Jr IP

r-:'1~r;,j -s
ui,J lutlf1J.} .PL L? J~/.
J.1,?i.f.t/?J.UvL~i;= l)!...il/L
'..!II

,. -f k1..;r" ~_;L),cf i.J.l...i;.v,JJti


.::., .I l,.,! 0 J f I:° I) I;; ~ i;£ ,}"! (;} t:f~ ~ ll.
.J .J

of~~ ?-Llr.t1.1,!.{~ ~ '(


. ~LI
LIP..;. l:.,,l}I f li (;;jg~ .1~lf(c)C:-,fa1
~t:Jle,1;1
., -
-Q~Llr~~LLJ:lf
.
iji.-f,~.1,I

-wC~~,..:;~i.J:.-6v,.,;;,, Lc-1.1,1J'~" J.)fk(,1_r11.1,1!f..; r?! SJyL v1L


L.Al6!. 36',.1,f~·64 ~;'~ L~, ,;.} (Vv-c)t:f~.JJl.::.,.1~f1t b=L~Uv~ f~U,/. ,;:,"f
ut~ Jv}"t,?.v!~Al.0_.;-_~!r'::---J)
J!.1J(f,~,./.c)l,.~IJ!.1./r'( 1 ?e-~~
J(,u?Sv1 i/l J}&;.;\,o,}--1~.111! -.t'i k'h~v!ulJ.1rL1,~/cJt:f~tl Ji.ti
c)t:f;~L,FLwift'..i.v..r1fh;L.»!L.11/Jr_~~JLl{Lf?0i;.r~cf,,;{

.
11---J--, ~·,,,,fe-L,L 1r'=""".,{-.,.1d-'60!
J'v.,....1li£r~J'~1~,i..tJr~:..~J'fiu;fi .
c:.-i~j~~l,h•
- ~.. • T
1.
_,.
l;JL_l.)..tLL.tt,~."),,>
,, • ~ .:,
~t}l,~if-~.Jh-:/~1:L""1,~~t1'L~
••. F j .,,. •• ••

--f~,Jfr,/

.• r!':j , - - - ---------------~
. .,
~(JLJi.1, -&·
. ~

Jl(. J.1)L v~h_.lJLr-.7.?


li"k.1J J!b--L c)}t;'3t}JJ1~ _ tJrJ;r {
I-!..• •. .-. . .. . •
i'lfl"
-:~.
W 1 •-
' I I .• ;J: !ML ' (' ;"' ,1 • •
oJ!)!JJC,".JJl'f- \I~ IP.1:1,f '.1.;..,l.1i.;.1..JJ

~ J ~• . L r.11111 ,- t-.• .ii.1, 1;;.- ...ff v


JJ...,.t,J(L.1J~Jf_~
~ . - .. - LY!~

w'
;!,,:._.J.'
' -
'~~> .:;J(,/d.;.~·J,fd.hy;jif,
~- .,~.,. :::.~ .•• -.~:.;. , i" ~:~~· ~ • .•~· •-c-. • ·-~~- •. :

h.1) l.:),~L i..fl.J,la,..,v Lh.J)/a,...v.JJl-:--~-',Z:·'~~v- Jtt:=-LJ_l.i!i.fli.t~/.t,cf


f ~jfJvJL.1Jl1Yi?J!v~,J-li-~-~;~;~Li±~Jk:~;tdi1)~_;~-,-ir-·
.. r ~ . . , *" • · ~...... -~ - • .. -. .-. ~-~

~1948<.l{'LvLu:L~Ji)v!uJ~~f~JtJ~.1~&~
. 1it {:·~,.1ja1fj:
. .· . ' . .
.:.1 .· . ;>! • • • .•
", . • ._ • ,. •

~~-h~LLfoy/~Slb...v .JJl-:--fT(..J~ -~J,.1>1.Jt J~ Lt,·LiI ~If-,~?~


?i..t L5''././0J.(~.1JJhJui....fl-1.JJ~k"J~.1j~(J.1~rJu}Jv:·ui~1.:n~.,{
,r.J~LLYiv!vi~u..fi~J;~J::;y,j;,,z...fi:J(.Jp/L,.iLtfL~.i:;,Li,
tL_L .J) L ..::...1li• - (). ~(.f• ~.
• (.;.,•~ _,,, (1\.,r'i(;• (_)_(~
6
• I
~,, ..:,.f°l.1i.Ji;t~_J;,V~-~j.1L{KL~~-~
~ ••
.

.
-f0.tr~~'i-r/o.1J1/.J.~:1,ff(!l~1~Lcl~ll~J-J (~~t!l{

d°-~~ ~'\./~127~"&..y~....(,ll.)!,, 1'960~_L J:..-iV1,.)},')4= ...::,..1,.t)~:oJ,w1

( "'='"' ~·.1, r f, 111...v) ~ :JJ J '-/1J:nf { vk; .1,1·t;:tf11):)~j)J


1t~cJL,J,(..:.-.1.~{
. . .

_.£'""j~J."lt1~~
...iJC:(uri.1 .• 1
Lr Lv;;, i.,,C)l..iJ,L 1.5,, /L v!1-l-\.1c.,(,yf J;.f ...ffi./.. r-/. i./.. Ji
.;;/;.,,JJL. Lh~

~,v:r.,. rv1.tfu}~~Lurh . . ~L,rLcJt;ef ~(~~L~~yi.fv:~ . .J


01f,J~~L?~il,.))f/-urt~Jif..JLJJL,.-.1r)?-LwL..:.-1JlP.1,1~
k;:,J; 1947,J.11j 20L~l!> .1,~£~(;)~) ( u?.10;..Z.1,1.k; 0('1 ~, ~' L.f U
.::.-11,~ dL;l'~h ..:.-Al! L urk.1..::JL d~' Lf'-VcJ~' o'? l),J,;1'~,{ urh.ii ;;,.,,,,
{.1}1.J,}( .JJ/c:.......J),.f ;::0 u~~h .1.1,1.1)1,l;;,a,.ft.?. ,J;J ~ ,.,,~~h.,,_J:-1./;.,} (L..t1
_1nJU.1v!~~,.ft.:,1t;:!'h. e:....if-J:-1f~L.IJ1~)L~,),j,1lP!~urk.1c;Jl_Vlti1..;
. .
.11Jf(~-ti.::;.. qJ' J;z J.1/,¥.; L t:1 ~;
{Quaid-e-Azam's Role as Pakistan's First Governor General)
,1948,?.'11.1,I Vr(o~13 c:....~,JJ;?J.1/~L0t:J1L7"'~i>. JJ(i.tG' --{;{
h~/..:.,tJ.~o i(',c:.... u?-iµ,..; ,.ti;.,,,,..:.-~~'L +'if....:.-.;. v'-J~ ..:.-~,/
- ~Yi",}(. u r:.J 4:-. fr.:) ~h. c:.... ,./
.. · ~ L '-""'-k~~ ?-)~1l..::.-~J1JL.n,~~Lo),;,L~Jr;/tf.1i *
t.>J'1~,J~.zLt,~~J~,dJ'..::.-~-=~'v-~JJ>lifL./,~~~~·i)A~L
_,Jt.n,:,~ J' O::,,.,,:J).1~.1c]ut::1u~LJ~1J.1e.J'vLc)l.1,1~(
. -~~Ji.lit.11J(dl;:J~/~1«.1.,bJ.1}L,z~uif'f~;;S..::.-1J1PLt,.f11 'A<
-J'i:!'7.rL}r(~~:.Jl>l.£1.1,IJA.l:i)~~;IJ,Ju~L~r f< 1

-~'*UiJ(v"71;4-L/t{~yJ1~i.:1t:-,.-'t,J....~r *
_J.nt,,,JJ'!JiJ'ct-;·iJ,J.1~~~0.Jt'1,-~.'1J,,, *
_Je:Ji°'v-J;ij'J'J..1c5/J.t;4-.L'5;t.:J't,.1,ioliJ1 . * ·
cJ..iftyJ/JrcJ~.1,1V,.zr(y,/JrL+1 *
_Jl:,:
-VLf-;~ 'rlf'v,/<;;1Ai.1Jl~Jt1L..';"1 *
-LLt:J.11!,b~LL1J(./!.::,,tJIPJ:(.J;o,r}1(,f,~.,J/. 1:r-
_1y;,J:..1J:,L ~1rJ'rilf'rJ.}9J:, *
-vv~~~t.,OJf,:,/JfJ'v-~~ ..f.11;u,,J).fJL~j,_;_),J'Jt..--'-/"Vlr. *
-liJ~v-vlPJJ~4~~.,?~i;,;:J·1aJ'?.~1~1/.::,,t;1,1.r/'r;L• J)/~~'.1'i~!'

:..1i~c)J1/'~·~.J,1r1..(G:Jf t,1,.Y1,·(d~··ir;1, *
-ti<5.1J?tf~1P~k-"tJ'v-·~.JJ~L~u~)'LJ~J~~·vtr.~~~c1~:ri
... ., . J:E'v•. 4-~-·~·_,1, .. *
-
J+1 . • Jv~JJ~~.;-~~,l947,'-~~-v"-r"vr;_;)'.
,., ,, . '
. .. ,.,

•• ..- - .·
~-'#~}4-J'rJoJ.,1re,1t:J1f~~,~J'~,_11 .• ~, ·.::,,~u;.,~ii./r!-!Ji
A: ; - ~·-o:
J - • •••
~- -·.
• •• '

. ~iJ.1t}J;1Ji(-{fJJ~.1,1c.?'1,,~£.·v}1.1.}L~12~f
(''~'i':,lL~~1):.{.::;,N/;;.Jw"iLu)1.i}.1t:J'!J~~rtr,i~1r. *
· .. : · . · .. · .. :·. +: .· ·. · . · · -L~·w.t1ls·
-LL,.;;~Lf ;,~il• \Cvt~h• h,/~LU-JJ;;J~~)i
. ·* .
-: lJ'o.1~ rif c.1t:J1 ~cJ}~,L~.tG"f ~r.Ji-kJL 1,;.~j TL~)fi}/
_(J1..;~4-

(Liaquat Ali Khan's Role as Pakistan's First Prime Minister)

i.t.., 1896c,i; J~~ (i /..;, t L cJi;:.(~


. .._.i;--:J?
&(41Jif-L.Yi t.v..-· i.t Jtf'd. ..!iL ...
_J,Y1.;t..5/;,Jl:)i'i~~ii5;;f1;,l~l~c..,
-S.1~1.:;;d.li.t ~~ ()! ..,1923 L -;",
l.5}L,,LJ1 ~LS}-XJ7-L..g~ (..)!..,1936
..,1_947,d15-f-.1..:;...,,'f;..:;-r-JL r1i.ti; J"e
/,1951,/.;t, 16-~ (i/..;, ~ L cJi;:.(~/
CJ~J...:,4~ . -VkJf'¥1~1LJ1LJ'"'!'"'UJc..,(~~--0i.tt.J.l;),1;

?LL,t(~J',ut\Y'l.}!"'!'"'lf.,Loi;tf~~~~S(i/..;,~Ll:li;:.(~ *
... ,S~,J?-.1; ~~ d'? ,,J',SL~ l:J}J w 1;,,0),) ruJiJ. ,J;p/dvL,,,; ~~
L._,1"~1;,J r•
T •
7
·· ... '-'• .?.ki'Lt,L.,1
#i.ti-li,..t:.>~i:.(.-1.;J~/-~L··" • 1,v1J/ i!._,!i-,.. fl
VV• .• 1

rtLiJZ,iiSJ>.;~~.1,yi/.i.1,,o.1"~'Ji:1-.zlt~~sct-J&L~h.lr'~~.,
_ifj,J'J
J'.::,.1(,. .1,I J,_f'{.1~1 ,!t,,.._$. ,.f/r,J/,; if~ ,Jv. lJJ;;;.J~-,~li{-1,1 '51Ji')1 *
£;.~1,.:/-4-.z....fJVr1.1S.::.,,"A,1r},r,;frji,/.J~~))(V~ltG,_;1J;Lu;;e,..
_J'Jn.t~J'4uieJ~,g(,/..;,. u;1,_.jlJL~_.~J"{w~
~;1,,~_;u;LcJt:f'~.;:,,k7JA1.;,14..i)~~~r~(J~P1L~s,J'~.t'G' · -tr·
•, ,. ~----
,~1Lr!4~Jur!'~..;l.t'G'J1J";"'LL.t'li.1Jl~1.?.;L(lt.f'";"'IL)!1..:.-Ulv~tJ'°i{(.f.1.J
-1 )"":"' lb3 (..:), .,A{t;if
LJ)L.:;.,i.?Vjl;:f~fr,1'-JJ iJ;~J.if.1{/.~LJ;JiriJ!..::/,' .;.fL,or;J,.:::,~ *
qJiJ;,;;1l:JL::J--~.1,1t.:/J.J,i.1JJ?-c...~;.~?LJ;JJ}"'.:;(J{~~-JJ.,~;J
-Vlu1.1-J1-gr~.1t.1r
Ov.,,r'IJJt;..U:~Ll5.1!;Jd! i£..u,1J1J;fr~t;:.Jfut)i:-~~iJ11"9.,49L-1' -rt·
. -. - - , ,..f:~:~.--;~t~i~j~;\t1t) ., :.}
~ . ::·:o.:;.~'5;·...:.·-::"1~.,;il-- ~ ·u t::.::,v
1

.
.•
. . ·
•.
.,
;{ •
' -~ . . • ~ . {~ · ~(t···. e : -~ r: , J,~ ;;~: -
~J:-.~L~l;:l~(gf~..tG'.1,1(1!'L,.(y11.)!-e.1tii~1.1,1~?f/fi:f!~/if:95~,44t -~
. ( ~r . JJf (. t" ., • (' • • ( • ;;;:.A • • . :e -- ·?.'. ,."/..;._,.,
-u I.I i)_-f:/. o · U ,:._./OJ L '{ ,:._./ U'.1{ ~ l .1 J/J' lb U i;J v'~~~.1~'f.'i'"1'":~,,~-~~!'~(;')
i.~~~\ _. ~. .,~Y .l. , -4~'" "'I 't
-LfiJl.11J.f("'tv!L.1.fvt?uf~t:fLu!,J>1Lv~~t i,J.~~:.(ri,)j, s. .
- . -: ~ . i~':'9• ·: i;,J .:~ • ?-: · ...: ·'·
~ L/~lv~l5J~ fLJ(G'cr;;J.J~1!}Af1vL • fvu_~-,'.v;
. J#t.?1~:jcJ~~J~t-fr
0..1JJ(c)1;:J~L~1~1ot;_J~l7~(',J1LcJ1/..1('-<;J,,J;J}J~U:~~~J/~i4ti~:'
~o;L~J...i vJ/ L ~'-4- ~,/,;.~L Lhpr.1od~ )JPLt.JGl.k1.1wiJ.1J
-il~.:dtl...[JJ!SJIJIJ'~·,i1.1,1~..z<f~:1(r
..:..,) w~.Yi c.... ~, c.t ~Alf Pd:.JS. (.')~ r Jj
J', 1;r ~_..t-....J ~L lj) ;,I),," .:::...,j:)Jri,~ f(

~; v: ~u-,j~_IP('
. . J'J,:? ~/J1{ t:(Yff e v' L ·e1i;
-
..•
J~~-L- .
~ ct ~'1': ·.

--~ff:{""""~1>--,;~~.1,10.1,,(~.11,tv!',.1,soL
,.._ . ' . .
~ '~ Ji'7 ;.Ir' J!,j ,.)! ....£( i ,._f.ri (} {"P / J:~~ ,.4} J.11,t ~ ,./. Jv,L, 1951 ff

A~Ff(!L.,.1:f-/ ,
. -'/o:m;{...t.J,..LL/.(1.:::...'-~,;;1.1,1Lf
.. . . .
;~ 194~ ~l~}b:JI).

lOQ
C,.IJ~~(ILJl),Jl} .. v~~(-lr--("l~l(v! <.5Jvd; 1J'(.:)L;.J~L..vi.;.;,.,.11}_0.J;:,-
-v.:"-V
<sovereignty) ~1.;.hi¥11(;1f -1
I 1.5, .11;:;, 1~(...-.1,,~ JL,'.il»1..6 L ( ..::.,l?(~.1vfjc.5Jf..:.,>1,.;,, J'..::.,Ll.f1v!J,.,.1,}(..fl
I . •

.
.1.t,LJ,~11"h7J' JL,'.i.ii11.£,.:a,1.11.1,,~ ..::-=L1 J'JL,'.i11 vLL ~
u}L)/;1;j,_~~~
'
-Lu_:/J~1~pv~Lr11J;.1
. (Islamic Legislation) JJL,,,l:)iG°()JYI -2

i:)}'i Jli--J(;>~l)Y.,.-PI ~{YI J~ .1JI (L(rh_,~;v= (fi.1 J'.::>-,i:)1},L1 ( i:)~


_JL(r0v.iJ;L,,
(rstamlc Values} AAIJJ.VI -3
L~bJL,)I_;l), J;LY ./JI ().JIJIJ.1c..::.,IJi...., ()JIJI, ..::-:,.1~ ,.11..J, uiYtv! v'c:Jh
_(L~V~UY.r'l(.)JYl.1,1(
Iamic Wav of Life) J,;;;;}t]IYI -
-'L!~~Jr;LL/,r-~il,.1,S~,i:)1jvk1f~~l,./..l)~()l?.hl.5),j1fu}LY'
.Federal Government)' .,_,tfF;) o1b -
_JJ'lcY~iJi~,iL:n4-.1.J:J:ILJ-J;J,?,S.f 1{l)i..r'v!if-(~Jli,~i:)~~
(Fundamental Rights) J}"(.5J~f -
(5ji;,~)l,f1.,)vfi_l_1Jy;~!vJ,u:1.'.l,1lJ~,Jlr,JJ_lr;~1ifut?(Ci

_,.;f-}i,iJ,~fl.0U ~~;nf t-(.Yt/f (.; ~1(5.,1 ;1,.,., I


'

(Devetopn1ent of Back~ard.· Areas) J;JuJ~&.t\.1 . .


.1,,L..{1~t,,,.,s,,.,_,.LJ";.1,rd'}J:.u~J~.1"'d}·ir,lfk,flJ·;~11J:~
'· .. . _(LftJ·~j}G"fJ.~LuJI
------~ ~- -
-(Protection of Minorities) l./((.)Jti -8
-.:;JV,.1J1L/,J,iftj(f.i..z';-',(.l!i ,..(!.. WJ JJt;1/.lut./~/. (OLe,1~ ·
· _J,r·,J~or JL/2~,
(Independence of Judiciary) O,Jl)1 ifl..lw J' -9
J.UvLi::.-1.1~1';-'1~~L ....H..ii1ou,1(,r,_d,~J(f'~v'-J,r.1~J_;.1,1J1Jt..,J.....,
_J;,Jr,J'Lf"---'{
(Importance of Objectives Resoh.~tlon)~JOv'3,.!l'J~lj
?--.1JL JIJ .11jv,-f-J1PS~1.;::.f...v~:1').-"}L/-b.1~0J1.1.r~rJcJe:J1
J.frqL"--)~JJJrt..[,v!t.1S d>--J,i:)Ij~£_ L./,,.,-tfv~L.cJ~~ ~
--?~tv!(,.1973,,.1962,,.19S6)~vJl.)i°LcJ~/1.1,~v'~JAjd,~r

-. -'f-0VJ~"'.1,1,L
J~,~~t:11• ru·j~J y.1,1ur1.1
(Accession of States and Tribal Areas)
urLJoJL)_
• ··'~.1)L,v ,JiL.;;:.,.Jll{, .•~ t)t:11,'J,...;'O,t.::.,(.
_ 0)'JV ,,1w1.. y,
/ urL.1 V-
· ~J •••

. L.1JtJl;.-":.,,j.1.1,1dJ)~ '"~-~k;,.,,Jit?.·..:;:...--1~?,w.,.1.~i.J_;/,~./'~ ~,L


Li::.-.11P.J-\t~(J~.1'-c.:refLL1t)LJt)L.JJb~:.tJl•
• • .v- . . ,.. ••
.ftr.~::i,;1,V,;~J/J"--A
• - \ •

..:ir1:{cJl£.J~(:!i.
0-;r(~)~JIJ(l~k.1'-\,IL(lii• J1JL~~l.J~.::i.;'~.J-k1f
. . . -Y~~ (i::.-.1~~;1.;/~~.teL/~L.e,1j,Jii1.,cP-
..:;.(.·J'r11£.?, u,1..~k..1~(~j.::.,;.fi,fr11c.t:111J~ .J,,16·lt?. ,~1.~ t~
(;.,,,~,.?J (#. \::·... -.:.,.Jll.J'~t.11.M·~~~IPt.n~IJ~·!•v t:fL,,-·_~,~tf,Lf·t~
• '-'" (;/1 • ., • Uc.!,,
~- U·. _,,,,,,.,
(" ft'.. • •• . r; Ii "" f!' • !/" d" ~· • - ' !!"
.11.),Vl,JlfL.,:;,J.llO.Jll{-ii,:1C,,/l)Jf:j,l._~L(llLr-:
•• . .
-'-'~"-~'''~.,~~):;,.
- , ·e>l 1'r- • •• •~ , 0,.4 ..• • • • • ''

ok.--S.·LJJl<YiY-:fL.<fl ~liYiYJ',..rr,j,if ~~Jwldi.tu,tJ-1~~ t(


,. - if! - I ,
L~.J'-4!~izf-'0~,(L1/L5.J~L1.1-»!L(fL<;('1L,,,;~1r,>t~;,J;lii!-J1.J
vinJ'.,-1971;,1,.1965,,.1948-hJJ,1~~0~,
.,
( LS.1,;, Lt;l',d;fi)i.5.1{/?
~u.,7.~1 -'-''''f-~,., ~ 01...;.!fi/..:..:),,.,,); qL ( 11~ u1 J{,,; ,.;:l?J i.;)~.1:L...1 v
_(.,,z v,fJ ....f'J\;. lb,,-L _;i; ,..,;~
Lu.,.r.-VJl.\tr:Jt:f';furh.1 i/,..J/L~T-L- r:J'k~~ Jr'1 ~~;r;
o),r:Jlh,lr:)l.11P,.1,.i,.1.tJ,l(. i.1-vrk .1cJ'-VJll1..J'vL cJI;:}~ dvL ,J;;,1,j/0., I
_ufJ~
J'.~"1,,i.Ji-VcJ~l(L/J.11..v;YJJJl)f.1,ILS.1~J},JuJ~JvL~..(G"
.,,,i.5,.,c~1)10.,,.::....·t5P U,.1.1,, ,1/~' L~.t'11Jv~ -LJIJ'L,1.1~); L~Jvof
J~Sr:Jl;:l';fr11Jy.1Jl(..1,1.1? L ~..(r;JVJ~1 dvLr:)l;:J~ L,z a.1.11}/.f()Jl_)f
. -kJ.11}j;jlfLrJ,N/O/
u~,-~J(G°Jr.,J, ( ur1.1,JJ1,i;.J,, ,.::.AY,./..Ji../..(lffr~).11/~r't:::-c,1·~; rg
w.1v'*Jy.(..l!,.19G91~-d'~1,/r11Li.:,11;:J;J/r.u!~~(p~~J(e,fr11L
~JJ Surk.1cJt L
/ ,.;1;,1~kJ~~5:.,t~ruL/tJ,/urh.1rJi!cJ'-k'f.Ji;,
.
-V1)~.Pu!101~(<1ffr~).11/~r'
.
. . ,I',

. J\;:,~("tL~-1L.,.19s&
(Salient Features of ~Constitutionof 1956)

JJ-_li~v=u,;u,~.J,,JJ£4--":"'f''it\tu;lr~1J,l'Jv0Lc,1t:-C;
,;~.,
.,
_ti JJ• L., u;.-L.1

e.J~• ..1,1 (i.)i.:,,'.1IP,: c)t:JL-:VJ >" _,J
-
,.y.,1., -.:;,....,,,J'i~,,
••
r (.,t::fL
oJL;,v~l)t..,,.,
{)I

/,i-955,.J;Pr14-hJ'-,.J~_,.,~j'~/u;-1.1.1JIUi.Y'(liL~t:f";o/L~f
~ J:_,;..1,I o.rJ1t,·t;)1.11-_li ~ cJ5:.,JoA.?.'h'1tt:,r.,~:r-,~:(cJb,{h°J/
uJ~~

~ L_i:Jt"I'; 07 JLJ/.11 J<>~'"l-~1,JJJ-~J~v:.-J::t J'~v~,v;_f:fl s:


-P1Lc1t:f; J;r ~..w,-".1 fr~~ 197,0 ~~")~ .•1;-,~1-';,1~
-r"~tJJ!vJJ",j~,,;.1/
. ···-·---·--· ~--
LhJ~,~j,_/J(f/r(J(J.4";;i;.,,,f rJt~V':ttc.11. :rJ.AP~,;rrJ;t,,~.1
J., ( ,J ~ I)! j1.J'J J:j;~i;t 1iJ/JJ L t/::IJ)!JJ!,. ~;(.J,:L,r
LIYAH.i1-fi~ U'J c;i:;.,1
t19s5" '-'·(.1P.9oJy(i.f,£..._v;w;,,r;
~... - ' it,IL~i...rvA~L,J·J:!7
u..(Pl..P.1L·,~·.·t~.:1,1··.....,.,. v¥.. . ,. -
t 19 ss. ~I.IL 23/./;L ,,fr~ L tJ ~~ p[ L J.1P~,JJy.;.1/cl V'V~ v! J:;
. -v.J<.ljc,.1JJ,i;.,NUkliL/1v1-vlJf~t~J
,,,,
(Written Constitution) i;t' I t.)/..,,7 -1
-
~UJA?i 6.1,1'":""'11.113,~WJ234d
i-:_t)(~),J/..fiJ~,,f 1(,1956
.. . "
_i/'i..(
.... v ~(;-~~Jf).1i';
, /V-..
.,.

"',..,>Ca1Lct
-
...

,_c,
(-Fl~xible Constitutio~) if 1,;14 ~2
L J:i tJ J_t.f iJi/ if uJ.J?J.!JvL ~Ll~L.rr 2-~ r.1- ,.;,_,;,(.:.,!'i.11~ ,,f 1:-
_,; ~;;#'y.. ;J v?l'f.J.fJii.t ,L ,~fiJlt',).Lfe,1t·v~
" '

{Federal_Const~tution) ,:[
., .
I ()liJ -3
{ t)l;J~ J.?.1,1 tJt:11 O/!Ji.r'JJJliJ-~1).Jlj~i.1,.Jli,fcJl;f~ .;JL ,i'T,.JI
~1 .1 ~1L ~-",J i-fi-VV ?~ o r .)i;i <.t vi. r>:JJ, Y/f..::/,f.;:,1:1.fii'-~JP

~,/. / ;,,js~,.1,;;,,.rf,.;~;J.,, r:;/;t..:,l.J.~,L u?~J~y1,J/,J ,.:,,)if,


J..1~); J~r1lu.r.r1...f Jt i.t ,,fr _,;.1~1r:,:J;t,,,t.;J_.ir;f~?,J~~),,,;t;.::::,,.4
:JP

. _J(c$J
_t.f~1~11GP-1r.,Aj;J~L
(Unicamer,al Leglislature) fo'3til~ -
-l~~Jl30o?.l3J(iulrt(J-VV&,)),~_;(~J,t,~ dL~rv,
~h. ~ ,:Ji./ v~r 10 4- L J,; .e..:::.- dt:Jh. J/ 1501,1dt:11. J)'- 150
_/Jv5~~JJ..r;_'-1-~\Yt~.:::-dL~11J/~h)J'dt:.riJ?
. . . .
ndependence of Judiciary') ()Jl;1J',.j.J9 -6
v-ut.~ui,J_JYt~)fr--,;;' .:;)1.,Aj;,:J'.)tJ,_ifJr1)..:;~JJJurJ--d~v- ii rv,
,~jtJ.fuf.·-Lv.:.f~i;r~~vu1J,SvJ.·.,,J~~-'LlrhVv-J}gr~fJ~.,)
d~1v~lJ<.;1-t~ c...~11JL?,)SJ:"tu l?-1jLojg1y-J).1.,Jd'-~V~W
-1~.IL
(Single Citizenship) ~J'.JPr, -7
u.t.Jr.f..,.{/1~L",.f Ll(ji;r;uJrv_J-"'~~~;~,,_;/futJv-dt:f~
~i;r;~~;J:~fiSurf1u/,JJJ,~;s~IJJ;,...f,_7~~~;ufi')I
'
-'f-(G'J~,(~J~!-'V-
(Funda~ental Rights) J.?JJ~ -8

-'f-ltfr1)r.f..!.1~L,r 1,J,~~J'~Lu-"'v~J.?7rv°'iu.t.JJ.~L'1 r ...


/,;J-i/'-L
- ..•
,.f ~,i~J }>JL¥,,1 Vh-· J)lr/1:11,,1.C u,v:;,: V-·,'{;,f~. • ........
i iJJ-rfi
~ ~
/-wi,~IJ.?7~,_,L~vr,)dy-,J~~,v-~J~JuJo!.:.tL~vuiq~t~tt ,.;<.,.,:,.,..• • :,.;:
. ..•~

_,J,t~j~tJ'L/ld!J~-J.,Aj;/l)t.Ji.ft~J~,ti~ttJtJi~~(Sl-'1
. ..
. .'~.~~,.. ·:·) .:
(Official Languages) Q!'_~Ju')~r-9
; -r , ~ .: ·~-P~~:-~.~·.:.~
••

=;:1.,,~VVp'4.,;,L~PtSj~fuiVviJ:,J~.1J,,J.t1-d~·~:!:4f.f·19se
'. · . ., • f.'.':. ;· . ·. ~;.~~~~ ~~f ,
.. , . -: . ,; -J~.1,l1.t~,~J1;;JPuJiu:t../l~.lk-{.}~.,,r~, Uo\{~~'
' - .
(Islamic. Provi·sions) ..:.,IJ,Jlkl -10
f.v~JIJ.1lj_
" (J1e,t~/ ~ .1),J; tJ.1~-V~e,1t:J'L
.. y..;_,.111'!··:lJJrf(t(,!1i::.fL
I.I'
,::;.,.,,;,·t.~,/1
U 4.i". lail T

v-...;..._(,"-~tJ<.5,1'/~,.J~,.1.,,s~,J~.aa,~!PG ..,.JJ~ftJi::~~~,L~r
J.~L(tv1lu£..c;cJ~1.,,JJ,ji~1r1l'_Li.lJ'J~1.J.~L.:J,1'~1j{.1JL~~1
~),:, t:::.- -"-'J1 J1',;;t (j...:..1,,,Llr-k ~ ..;1 ,i..u~ ~.,.~r}c,1;G:J.lL,i.1-.11.f
-' L1r~~~Ji.0..(tle,1i;:f'~ -"L1rV.Y1i; ,~1":";.J,, ,i,;,;
(Const:tutionaJ Institutions) 4,-AJIO:1-11
..li!: , i:r-fc../J/ ~ , <.J JJr I ,;:./(J}5u1J, ,j! ,;J Lt:{. t;"-j IJI f ,¥ 1Ji"l,;:JL 'I[ 1vi .
..:~;11LLf~v!~1A.1v1:Jh~1~.11,,~Li,..,_<..a:JJJ~J:i.?~J:t,1·'1,
• • • I - ~T '/• /-
1~.
~~

J?J,ir
,. ' .
._..,..k--.1,,~v"'v,.3Le,1~LJ:1J1.1~.1t?J·LuP"t,,~~,.JJ.v1·,irr,i9s6
J;z;.1f1J,e,1t~L~:q &,,~,"'~4-,f,J.f.,.1~.1.,,c,j,.;!u,.11~,u:1.,l.\~<f~~JuiJJJ
-feL 7 .111Jv.,J~ (:,~ 1956-1J.;~J-!1,1k;/cf';L.J~e(.~~~~~JJ.~J-/J
tJ.1,;7. J'-CC L e,1i;-:-1t.1..IJ?- ~1.1~1f
-.
L ,J'.J re,1t=Jl. v!, 19'58'/.;/i.»l L c.P.~" ;.;·t . . ri
I

~-1956Lo1P~-i'..IJ?--?--J~i~,.1~1(0".,1,~).//i~~,J.iL/,_J),/./~,··
e.J', I(~ !.>J.11J ~ L J.?.1;,.,
/-/·-VJ 1t:ft .1~·J} .1Ji ~,1).f
• • ._..,.,,,,,.,. • ?~~,J~_,.,, JG, It!'V:..t- 1J'l,?~;
r·~!/111~ • •
., ,. - . . - .- .~ ~ . ..VJ~
- ~ - .
, 19'58~1969 ;,;;j ( CJ f;"':'"'! I
,{Ayub1"Kha-n Era 1'95$'-196!)
(Ma~I Law 1958),195S!IJ;L

I, ~ • "" .,J.Jj ·A·;J,~;


Q:!v~,1~J,,~:IJ t.f. !19,58 J.Y,l~C)~-~ '#V.,n- .. ,

.,..,.~tLCJ ~JJ~yl.fUC ,JJ i~.~~~,,-U~~ / ~JJR J'


( Political Conflict) JfYi.j.J I;;;f • l

Lt>1,.tij~'u'-~'~ukk.~?'J~~~ ~,~,z;,~L~t:f~(g
- ~1_,.qe1.1J' JJ~L~v!-"L'lf~{~-JJJ J.'iA,)L..l(°'JJZJ.1/LJ't
~
(Poor Economic Condition) Jbr.J:iftr -2
...J.J.1;-..(,:..~,-rl)Jv,J.1,J~Jiv~Jirv!<.:Jt:1';.tiv.ti1..r-Lr&1r~u1--
LJ,f,:f f.Jtf1,J1Jiv~J~-,:/,-r,~.:;.§,SJ,.1iv! <.:Jt:f';Jr.,~LL.n
_:l,-"''-':'·:-J r 14JJ~ul~~
(Lack of Political leadership) (!)f.D(~Jh7(.fk-' • •3
J'J.1,1 V'J1'(if.:...-.:..Jq u~J,<.:Jt:f'; .»!LJ'J.11,,,rd~,,0i;j _::;k', ~>'i
_£../J'Jt,...tJ1t,:,.1,,£..1,~~.J,p,,;Jv:.r11J,:,r.,f1,f..1.,1;~L~.tiruh--~'j'J~
. '

(Smuggling and Nepotism) t).11/ ~)• •l.1-'I~


"I•
·4
J!,1,1 _/J!JyPt~~v j~t.1.,, J.1,{~j, ,J;u~ .1~,_t:t.r ,?' ~ Jv~L
-~_f,::r.1.f:1,,w;,-CC~.1t-~~.1ij.J;:jJ'lf/-#Jv?_lJ,:,Jiv~v~
(Role of Bureaucraey) ,1IJ)(U:h.1.t1 -5
r1v!LJ'rr(t/-.::r..1#-i.,r!...O:,L.t1LJo;;~(~L,:,111,_.j.JJl.f1L,J..h~J'J
_'3:..!,.,~'(;wLJJJ;L_r.JL~t~vJ'ZJ11till.}!1J,',LcJf..:.f~LL~j1~_v,,1.11JJ
. (Ayub Khan's Politics) ..:,..,k-OCJl;.~,t!f -6
fc.ii;~t'JJ? L.J 111lJ7-J.1!~?.Lrg,-'r~u~.1.,1~.1JZ,~J'uJ1..c-~
• .t;i'l,~~"~,t-.jt;;;.,,?Jift/.VJ~~~(,:;_~Jt~G,1-;,
· (Provincial Prejudices) ~-~J~J"" \. :i,
c:tlYJ4r-£-, ::ffe...£,;;, LiJi'~-'= '-,;,Ii,it~piJ~,..,~...fi '"'r JJJ.~L
k.LL~:A~L~y,:,4',r11L~ui,~'-·~~T'j/~vrd1f,it'(-.,;,~J:
_i..5),:,--?lJ/...J),J'i:C.J.11':Jlf-JJt~v'Li:f...1,;;V/.
e

· - (Political Ins~abilirr) (g--1( ~{f~ • .8


.1J1r&, r~ uh,-v'-k)~/ui,uJezLuJ7-J.1JJJ
., .
r.:)t.1J),,L,.19s.aa:
~ . ,.1~s3
- .
( t;Jl.1J,L.Yi r ~ui1..c-h,-(''-V.Yc' ,~ '=1!/. Lf~.v!i;;L J(t t.
O(Uii Jk'.11
-C:~(JJ~L.r.V.J-JJ.~l~{~.I~
( Delay in Elections) 1;/t(~~lf·, -9

1cr~.Af'1JAJ.1~u-Ui.~...J/-LL1h..:.,~Lf·,(~~v!u}vo.1V~L~c:J1(Y,
"'~..:.,~~·,(~"'~,LJv~f /LSi.1!r.J't;~LLYl',./~d;
r.~1956-V
. . -~.n,:,w1~L~1v
,1gs9(U1ifV.?..1,l-'()J~ - . -·
(Basic Democracies System 1959)
l)Jf. fr,,d L "i\I) ..J.11.v"(Uii ~ ...ft l U ?...1,t? OJ,~ L ci.G ~f l.1Yi.)!, 19.59
., H I

~TL f 19 62 _,j'; V; so ),,;;,;f,fr.:),/. L t..J?...1~ ,.J,f.-,; t./"":"i·,t(;)y./L ~.1,I:


~1v(!f~J;.1r,,~it·,~L.~~·,L~1Lu¥icJ~j,1J~,,c.1~/(;;)yfw1dL
. . -li'~~y,~J'i~.1J{.l_,P()J~(Uii~-l
JJl~;,J-3. . ' ,. ~fztJ.1,1JJIY-2 .-, :- '' ~dt.1;,1J1ldt-l =· .

. ~IJ~,J-4
Jl'dt.ni~fdt -1
v-ulu.JJ'.1J1~/d'i?LuJ~uf..,~,-~,.11J1J,~1(u.iJ~o,~JJl~l. - -,
r..,f.e:_ LJ JZa.Jfli
• ..,(,~
• ., I..;;..,,,- I.I ,1:.1:J,,
ij!,Z:.... ,,, y,"ij.Ny ~A;.,::,, _.Cl·
• V-,,, ,Jt_i;_
~ ~ ,Y-,di•
TI
,~,,,.,,.JJ,~,ruv,rviiv)~,1uv,,"t,J,i;.-,,dtt,J1,jLcJ1-L;{/.iJJ~/
. . .-~i,1J~A~J.,~~ .
c~~~,~-~L1,(;$J~1):~,,;.:'~JYc"VJ{,tu,~"t,~£Jfi:J~tfYM
;;;;-' a; 1. 1 ;;; ti I~!@~· ,8~i =•
,J{'J;',::-~ u,J Li, liJ ,~ .:::-.1V: v-:Jf'~J~,.t YJ~L1,J)~1J.;1j;~~.1~1})
~;f 4-Lu,,-'(Jg ;,.t uiJ~.1,1Jd;?.1(J!~i.t ujJL1,JJ~10JkJ~l'v~~
.~
- £ '-I;: JJI.
/

~!~~-'''~IJ.:25 -2
Ji,jcJ!j;?(r.JLli~/VJJ~hli'i.t L:Jt:Jh J?.1,1~/~v,! L:JL;f'hJ/
- ' . .
,.;.JJ,)Lc11~e:..L.tiJ~~kliJ1~..f';,1(j(;1).rt,.1(j1J.1o/"~v'-lJruf~1
_e:_J~oj,J.1i;J'u1.~J1r;,1i.,?i.tul~~I
. ~ld7J .. 3
j.1Jlt).1~Jl~()Jl,.t~f r.Jl'_li/0',..jol.t./(,/t]f~J1fJ}d{ t~
i\J}f,t~'vfyJ:.j11)LcJ1~,JJ~Ju,Jfli-/'J,~OJ1.1,1/J"J'd(;1(,7t)J.1~
~,..v.~~t.Jv.1~ . :r,t.1~~,..J,L(~-h.1SJv,,rq(u.,J~,ruv1'(J~,dcrg
_4:...J~oj,l,,j'(J7~il..A.l.J,lt)
(../i.Jftvi:;.,J
.. -4
.1,fuW~t,,~f0!i(Vl> f-~~uf/J-._.jof.,:/'("-.JIJlr./l(G°{J'L:Jz,j t
.J;IL
.
uJ}..,f.. L J~.c1t1,7t.1,1 i.J1.(/tf ...t ,Yfr.11_,.,J'~ifkvi./.. t,Ji uWcJ1e
~ . ~
.
'

-liJ~,.J.,.?1)LJ:fv1,j,~J;~t.::.,~)~~Lw~J;-0~1~,1Jt-t~"'if~,H
. . . .
..
.. ~
" ;

. ,,.
,. - · · · - . J-'f J.1,~J~Y" -5
.•
-~ r..
,:t-U ~L LJ.1 '~,.J!l.t.?. 0-~fJ/i~!J.1,~·,.Hr'V
• •• / l~
{ UJA--'l)L~;~,1(0
LLA1,;/l0e}iif cJ1.1,1;f..1J{t;;'(Jju1J·1£:..ui.1,r;''-?)~L~~'-~{J1/
,...li~o. . • .•~rLf~lct~P~~,.1?1.1.~.1{.11.iJJ.J((_\.1;.1/gJ(t,,l(i~}
09
~ 1961 <d1JJ~)~'5J,1fJt1Jl~
(Muslim Family Laws Ordinance 1961)

: J.Uz-.-Lu-?V;;c,-1961"fttH.11;ufl~Le11;~.tJ.1v
-VkJA}J;utcJ10<.t~fd.tf'i,t tr
_,f,.;)./.;;.)v,f,J)i.;:.,J/,J,!/L..:;,,;1r1Lfct%L~ld.t.1,1u.r:.J' tr
-'1J.;?-"JvJr/J{Y.1,1Jvo.11)1(;1(/JLJl?,L.oJ'i.;:, r:r
*
__ (!J.;)'°cJJ'-}..:;,,..ii,..:;,,:Ji,._/.. ..:;,,,1Y,Jo,i',J J)J,
_,fy/~,J;:>~~l~,cflz....ir?- *
_fL1rVJ,?~.1jLJ..v.~?J,>i;/,JJ~rJ.11J';:J'c1~ *
~firfr1t~k).11j_;o;L(1Jr,1~1.1,1J.::.JJ~J'u¥0J;rvrLu.l._fiL(1f~
_y,_J)Jlv1JvJ'v-LJ.-.1:l.::,~L
,,
. J,;J.APr,L-~rL,.19&·2 ..
(Salient Features of Constitution of 1962)

--[l~L,J;vd 1~J;J;,-,fi;[,.J1-:--~v~t.~~J.vL.GJIP~.t'i.t#1960tS.1,)
L.1vu1J 1~ -t.1 )./ J;/~.)11,.j'., 19il6"':°..:;,,~A;~~1Lc.r-1J~~~1tJJvi .
- .
J~ (!. 1 L i/-Je: Ji'i:{.1._.f ~ i.:J"' ..:;,,vC~-(~ .::.-J~J.JJi.lP.~.1,;~;,
v- JJr ,f u,J.1/~vf ~/.:;,t.1~£. ,~ ~~1~;,1 z...f;.1:;:1)if~,:.A.,,,
f J.11v-..f,Lo1;-:--i'.l.1~h1962,cJr.'B-¥'i}.f//.'iv).v'-J/:~h~
_<.J1Ji~.1,Ji;;,..;v1liL~1-t"f;;t.V:,,J/J iv1~.1.i~ .
., ·.
,• · (Written Constitution> r£1,J-<./ -1
• -~ ~ ~ L , t: ., .
U..(./...f,<.:r 4~1?31"'ilv A .1Jlf-1.JB,u,:i1};,,'S,~\J,2SO,frJi96'2
-~tv~~c.),..~ . 111,11
.I' "

Constitution) ~f (Ju, . .
J}r/.·ui.r'&Ji,Ji./.. J<, iJ J_,;Ju, ~ . &J.r.r>,)0~11. J.11vL dr L, 1962
J'
~ l)l..(J,_pi ~,pl,i L I.Ji. r'I.) ;,) if[ if.. ~)IJI ~ ~·, _ j UJ 0PV&Jt..fI0l;!~J/,
f&J.t!r'.:-l)~le.t~J~-LYS..:,.;>l;.,J'..:..1)~·,L~fuJ/i./..,L 1-t,jvd~c~~
_£4--iJtr
,,. ..
·~:,• .•tton) c.C .1 J.11~ -
. ~Lt·1,J.c,;~..::/;e,/./)''~01,/./).v-t./r.f-:j,~f;)J)1.vdL,:i1v1
.1l(..:..l.1~ll}IS;l(V-~t-f ?-LJl,,Se.11JI~~·,~d,.1U~80 L l.)Y-)~ UJ~
L.1vL~J'J< ,i1}0'(AL~(-L-LtJ2:!.,ai..:,1.1~1< 5',LJ;l,,0)irfvL,;.JV
. _ vf'i./...a?~ L.1vl.) h Jr Ii J'(..),;: v1u..f..L.e~ I?. G.v
.1
.I'

igid Constitution}~ lllrl ~


LLYZJ?L(-;v, ,!il{ff f;,.;:.if r~j',Jq,JJ'J:',i.5JdL,L 1v1
-if(.)J)ljl.5;JJ(j'.1~J'~:v~
\ ' _ {Unica~eral Legisla·~tt,·e) j;.J,t1~ -5 .
\ rtt~~.i~fuJ~;J;-Z,1!!1'..f J!v-diL,1962t,)J',:i1Lf1956 .
I u,L,....f&J.t!Y"t.Ji.uu!v1 .• lit-.f~ ?--L Jl,, se:i,;10~·1~
. 1jL-=--~·,~,,1~/iffiJ
.-il~~Jpv
. (Single Citb~enshi.p).;:.,.:./HIJ -6
-rvL~l;.Jl-b'k1;,1J,-,,,~,;""',,J'i.f.. d. ,L,1962t,)jJ. rL, 19s6
-vfL ~ l;f; ~)'"k J;- s: ~~L ~,~~ ._;/.,J/
(fundamental Rights) J}·\SJlt- -7
t)iuJ!J~LJ?tJl ... (/ifr,}if-.;:;'t-J~L.cJl.1,ILtf.JL\J.?J)IJJ~:'-1!,Li
·i.,.1,"J~J?v)~,i:Jf'-11ci;fvir1..J1~~LJ',u-J~~JJ~~"-~cf'i$)v
11
_t3Ji; J;i;(J~,c)!r.1,1J)ui u:.1. ,iJ;v,:/.1, t.,.~1,Ji;;,
. {Islamic Provisions) ..::.,k,})cJ 1.lr'I -8
' - '

J-::.-C:-(l.).J{_ ..rtJ-:..>i;.,~ !,)! t..?-VVJi;{.1.,bL~1k.1/v.~11J.1,ljv!..:fi'v1


-f,/~IPLJ1?-.1v!J,~J~,c)lj(,.tLc)i;f;-'r-~"'fJi;;..:»1,'-_j~}t!-~IP
Lr,tif-Vl.£ ,~i;.r;~.1,r-'~rc '~-v..tk.; LL/J~,~~t~L1< .1~
-V'"k).11}iJ;JJtJ1c)~(~v-Vlh'~.i;.(;~.1,r-Jw1''z];.,..1jL(-Jv!,.:f '{.11/I
,Jiv1.1,1fL~k~Ji;LL/.r!J.UvLu,'r'1JtJr1uv;:1J(;t1,t..5,,.,j1(}'.,11(1.tLcJ.ti1
. -JLie, J~u,J~c))LrJi(1l.e">~..::.,~
(Islami~ Advisory Council) ~/J.1,~c]LJ,rt -9
cJ 1Jr1--flJ., L ~) ~.1?" v-...:... tJ. IP j i i;fv.,J-4 J b.,...,.1,1,Jft ,i.J,;,J: c)t:-1 :.Aiif
J.Uz..-Lrdr1ld1Jo1?.,,..1,IJ1JJ.UvL(lVl())vc)!G"..f'c'JL,'f t..5J~~/J_.,.,~
~$_/J.1~r.;,.._;/~JL1.1Ji.11,j;.11J1.,,p;,4- ..(IJV~/J.1,~o!J.,:'"-£1rv(.o;!
_j',;k.~JL/J}/v,
. -
(National Languages) v!P tJ .1-10

~iv~JcJ~Jt..5.1~...f.:;;,,,.;,/J:/.Jf,}2,fi..5J~Jv.iPo J/i..,J),,dt.1.11J,it
-~../r.f.lp;.,·~vj,,J!. VJ.l.f~.,J4r.1
(Indirect Democracy) ~;,t:Jz,.,1,'~ -11 ·
( t't vi:.1~ t..5) p.,f( IJijJ''-:¥f~';1jUii~ r..:-:.1,r-.irt,' ~. Lf (~),r-:-- f·,.::,.,-'1:111.1. .
J'r.:J(J1L.°J.-:V'V(G"u1Jl~it·,--fit-L-:,;f·,Lu~.J~r'i..)}JJ;,1JIJ':,Jl1v-{~,
-~L~4-v!,,;;vlf.~uir'1J},, 1;J(l.1 =-L LJ'..!' ('~lcJ'-l'ii so~~

11
•••
(Elections 1965) f' 1965 ~~It I
AriBOdLrUzjL~.1,r-u)~v!r1959?,-LL~.:;/fLo1;'-:"i.'.1> "
J..:...11>"~,~~-'~ UJ~ijis:,.11;)14.:11.1,JL
,.
1.1 J;~ .1,1 V'-:"~·, ,d(J,L ..:.,,;..1,t: J°J~
hJf"':"' ~·, eAJJ.(diI)!, 1964 /.i I})) i}l.)'.IJ1rv!r196S-.:,...4 Jd ~Id'- J,./~j
Qlf·,~L '-:" ~·,L u.J-r, '5i/ .1J I J ~ ~,.1vfi.:.J ~Ii..:), J. UrLi.:{ 1L, 1962-r./
'-:":?er-Vc,1t.1i1(L1.l~r196Su.Ji·?~IJ.11vLC)l;'-:"i'-l~~~s""'""'J~
{.1}L.11,~1J.11vf(1>.J,~_.. jf..::l,..1J~o;?iJ,Pi.tG"v!4-lPLci1;'-:"iJLJ~
J.~LL1.1Jll-V~.1>"~...:..:.Yil.5.1ll.lci~'-:"ilLi.:)~IL..:%.1,l:l)J~-VJ?t
J.11.v(, 196S~v'-V'h 1.f'-:"~ (~J...c !PJ.1,1J.f'.,,cf'j,-:--- ~·,~). Jz-.,1.,J ci l;":"'i' ~f
_ li __; u;L-.:,.'.;,;l}J II~~·,
~,;1Li.::...t~·1Lr196s
. -·
u--1f~LtrLftJ{~.1,1JLJ1~V:./.{('JfJL-(.)i:..1,r.JJ~O).lf1rLci1;-:---il
f~.i..1~lS)Y.. Lctlv~i'-'1J1 '-'1-:---~( J.J!Jl~?-:lPLcii;-:---i'v!(Uii_
c... l;/L·~J.h yf(Uii ul L 11/4- i.J'I, h .h,:,;/ uf(~.1,r../'-J-~(j'-.11JI Q~·! .
~r'~'J1,;L.c.11;,~i1rt1rttu;b,?.J'J.~..ftiJ"duh~v!~,?Jc)1;~i' ''! •

11i1(J;;i,:{cJlv~t1iJ':.~~~·1,li(t~1Lu~lzuh--r,liJJ~~:7J~~;-e;
-kJJJG1t(J~il.1(.$l:l~LJ~St.:%.1,r-i./..J.11l,k~
f-196S--G.~.1l'.JL
. . .,. .
(Indo-Pak War -1!965)

~.,i,J"...;~L~~~~-LJE"°Jf1,7~,~~;~,L~.111!V:.,1955?,.
· L~.111.J~J($J~1.1,1t>}LcJ~~-;J,-kJ.l.J.?{cJ.t:f;~'.1/?.6.1,1V,A11v r
113
f~u.1Lit~J ~~1fri~~/~1lf.~_lrLc.,1}1~ t.$(.:)c:f1 ~~ ( ~ (.}!4-l.,.
Lfi.;1~~w,,LJ;.t.fr195,s7.J1,?,--.1< .5.1'!~;,.107.__v.;~jJ~dx1dj
.
. -f-t-lrV~v:J;o11r~r-:,~?.,J'--G.J;t-i.11~~
c..JJtf'ldt:fl L u/1? i.11 ~b1V: J _;u;L tf/J'u-;,~('i (cJl;:l; '!'1

uJ,f~ ~f!v)JL(v!J/1J'e,11r~'-"' J;J(.:)ttJ'e,1~ -V..;J}


-4;,-Jft,,}~L1..J1..;IP.1'!~LL/oy/cJc:f1 L
-??~JJi,Lif/0(1/u?L-:,.11;.-_7/P~,J1S~~1965)' -2
. ,-+i;i'LN.. ••••.

Ly,L)J.,~,.JJ: .. ;ii.;LJ)~;-1 ~ - · · 1;:7i;L~t~J~


L;..J1J.11jJ' ~fJ11.,.-~.1.lPffuto"'LJ.~,..;1,,L i.:J~('' £.;/;r,.J;/,.:;J
f?~.1,1 L;;...,, JJJi,, if r1.tJ;!1:~.1t-/JrJ~~-:'--*'L:L.1~.1~L1.1J.Uv
-uJfw~Jf19os ?.{ ~~~ L·.;;.,.11;. v!J1J;J'L1J.1v!'iJ<!.1-t
i.11Lv1AJll'J~),,JJ.:<~~.~,ue, 1964< .J!Z.L~·lb~L~ ... ut -3
Jt:J1~J'~/JL~~4,L~-wJtJ.Ll:r:)J,/..,196s.otLL~f~
~ L Lf J~Ar, '"' 1/1;;,it?-'i t/i;,..~td xr ..di~1vJ~£.CI;
. . -JJJl,,}.i...G. j 1PLc1t:i'l 4,.- .:,.11,f
u,l;:f'~ L vi_;JJZ'f 11?-:.:,~~·, -:JJ;,J.f'(~·Lt,.L.tt~.~i·,~i.:.JW-4
s: r ~ ': ;:~~,.. . ~'/JI
-tJ-
.
~~u "'...:.-,,tf:-L),J,,/ri[#fL/
~.-.-
v
t ]4·
dl;J~.JY ji J.ri ·i,;~
tJ~' (_:.. LJIPtf (_{!~.JL Qt;'-:""tfJ7-

L.I ~(bj~ ( LJI V' .·


t,1\;J\ ":L.(L.ri

~Lu!:-uie-~~~Jv'r'tL
.Y{.J}rL~)Lu{JJA11!L-J
.:..:: 2..,1~u...:.:...r :\t .;. . J\;"'="i'J ·-? ~i;- ; : .• ..• uJ1...(z, ~ ui0 !/ J.) lP! - vi· ~~Yi

i:Jt:J~-v.r f-.J.21Y.Ll::' • ..LL.I ~ld,01~~~~)~-71.)(vfr j.))~<'J"L


Ll.1IJ,.:,IJ/, 'L(t_J'Z L.1 ~ Ir j L l:,I !;:f'~ d~ ':. J~J ~ I?. j i,..:.- (~ L?,(;, 'j, s
I .('" • -·~ ~ (' •• 4 " . •• J. .),_
-,=-t-~k't.l~~v-v.)1~w,JL-&. J1/tJJ1P1A.(l~,Jt.:..,I{~ J),,i1'x
.I.if !J
-iJJY.::-;,.);J1rf/.,;_(1,~v1J-{J.J.riJJ C,J£ 1965,?. 6L-=--.JlP!
1
~ ' Jldl.J.
. (,.1£~J)~_;/,.:,Ll;,'.1)1,1)L(.J'0i;:.(k.
L¥,Y. {./P-{ jVtf'-u) Lh~..:. J"~~ /i'
\£LJ)f c3;,,J;,S?, -.£1,:1 ,:(dvL Jf:J~)~i
{ ~t.J(~ v~ L i:J~~ ~f-,J~.~)~.1~"11,JJI
.
.. IJ2y JJ.-"~
.. . I;/ (..!..
I (', (( ••" ..,,

-V I

u.1iLu,,lLi:Jr:f~,:f-if?f,JLf~~.1J1tl~J)~,.JL~jlP! 0 '

_y/~{c1f{-'L~LJ;:1,1VJ.?~1.r.L(;,ii.11~,St,1~fiJ.1L'-1:f~,J.?{";
-0tJ~J~~,Lfu~,~,fkliv.~_;)J/ ~~ L~jlli!!JUI~ .
":': ~ 11
L ~)k--.AlvL cJ~.,Jk.~.,, ul! L ..,;;,,.1'.JI. PL L J(t v!.1,,_;;.1,t.1Y1ll
f~11J1.,1(-:.,..,1.J1._l}J.?J.:;17.c...,~,J!~J=.»1L,?~5.'1;r,J-!J.JJ7-;,.1:;;L~
c.,j.1Jl1.Jl:J~ctL~iJ~(~l.1~u.,;:,'--/'Jl(,YllJL/, .• ~·r,1,.1.J,u:~~.1~
C{!iL()~JL~1f~1(lfY~c.1(~7.uLxtLfj~,(~L..X~J~i;-1L
-f c/. cJI;,,-)(uf! JAP!' Jl.l1(e.i:_,;;1,t~,.1cJ!,l
t,;) v-n:
{J~i.1~.1.,1~)~~cJ~l.1.1(,J1J(-G.L..:;...1~/IJJi.~d-;;1.1.;;
~)1.,_x:SL~.IJ.AfvLct:11(iLc,jJ~~i.J~.fJ'vJJJ~cJJJ'L/~
- . .

... .,_ .
_l)/~/U££JJ',J1/~Jd'-'.1J~/,Jt.1,1
,. ~ '

.:..t.J.w
J>:.• LI ~-''J'),Lt:n~··rt'~,L
• v'.! ··• t:JL
v 7

0/ ~~,.;;/.1cJ,;~1"'J.d1.,.;: viJJt,.t;tL
. ••. • w
.. L,,; ~.~ ~/..iJ.1(-; c,?;L~W J~-<f'"
Al,l,(v-.t,,,,, ,_,?.,h~,,;,.J,.11~/'l.1141Jr.
V· I· • 1'1. y
,~Ilk T

, 'r-.1J.I~ L,:t,JJJJ:/
'-" • • • •'"
v,J, J,,r J.1"' I"'L.
_,;)£./J ;;/ o~·L:J J;w.L/,p4'--.1~ JA,!_
(1&(-r_r!1Jv1,:~L;~i-i . L~,.;~/'-51L;uJJ~v-~1~L~.1Ui!
r.i.w1/..1.1~·cJ;11f1r,;.£-...1,,;vt.t~vt.1.11:.,.·:,)~,J"t.1~;;~l,J!,f~L
-V(ui,~,Ji.~Ji}'• •,,.~r,;ii~
• .C..=,.11KL<(i./.c(-I)

1 - '-~·---··· .... _. ·,, .-.


.kJf
,,-------'"'"':_:----- ~ Li} U-'{ tS\,,1-jL;f'~ tJl1nL .k
.1?c (.11,.,t,,{JvLJ1,~l(Lvl~(ji.1

-Y(~\r.• .~1r~--£,Lfoy/'-~'u/.j1li!

~,.tf,.;~1v!A;,Lv11,,if'.J;b1i,~JJ,Ju,~tJt:f~ -:r
-J~J1r,AA-fi~1J'/ ~, -2
_J.n~~'5'(i~i.:1-~,JL,l),ll,":".1i1,1.:&>1f~t;f~
. . -3
-<fn.i='U:~.1,1..:..,,-,,fuiefk~1.11k.,.Jvt0t:-f~'-1)J.v-.::::,,.0tv1L~
. . . -4 .

-L.nA~}/Lui~~~~k.,~v~(0t:-fkL-1liJLV1.1.,1/.v--G.-v1 -s
. . Jf<J JJ,IJVl<.)!(1;j~~
J'YLJl;~tl.1.;A.4'Ll);l_k.,hif.{L..J:J:i).~,1~/u~J..PLJ~
,
-~ . u.s.» -1

-S~J'~J~
,v,.JJ,J.l',('~r.io.1v_JJ1.1l~'-11.1JJ*ji,1J~1i.tr11~e,1t:r~~.,~J'~v' -2
-f~Jl.)!4-i;..Lcr;.1,11:-.,ff~ijtt:>1J1.,';--1L.tf Lfe.li'~·(,.
L4-;.L/,hf.1~/~~1ro'i~,t:....f.zr~_.1,.,7~.1,,..c-:r1,.::...r1tJ,J.,,_r, -3
-~J,~.JGJJ'J.,().,.1,1Ve.i;'l,iJ"'.::,..~~L
ll
-
~,Ii) J' I {j IfjJ, h J~ r(.!)i ~Lui~ <:l-1' v~ i )J ffv! vi~ Lr 1/ -4
.. . -v.!'~~L~
i.!.-J(~~(}t5-'{f<ftvlAIU~?Luili1fuJ~4-.1JLd~1Lu1.1~J~ -s
~VAfr~~,if'-)~~1.1,,kQ.t;./
»s-
(Econom,i~ Development)

• ~::;;~.~~
tf~;;kJ;(~o.tK!i'v~J;jb,-
Hi:JlmL ,/-,.(~ ~l.:!1..(1::'_'i'-~" or (._;)
~ ·~ T-:3• JO . -· .
,~~---~t-,._1~~2= - ...r. £J1,,,»"1J(.rJ1.,J·Jt.11,L.£~1!61.1jj~,J;.1J;
(' ;' M

··~L,r LlJ -'' .. '/-·~.1,l,~t"lv,L~


L,/. .1 Cl.1jJLL '·-
.'f-~~jA iolri;J'Jf<..0J1:-Jvu~..;(f.', J:.
A,1,.1,~,fI tJr:)1r1t-~ r~ A_U:;1~ ru/J ·
-i.J.JaAf~dt~jl.~C,tfaJI
4J"* c;,J (,.;17':?'-'';~ L,..::,"f l) ~L ,Jr.JI;"':"!'
J4'L ~ ..I lo!:,,~ Ir fiL L
. - .
" . lo!:,,'--",/. . . :.,._,,· ,,, ,., .
v!-=--1~,J.. ~ ~VJ,.f0y{.::.,I.;,,/.-'''·=·,.,--" L ~.,-,_v
.•
~ 0,1,~i's l.JJ

~..r-i.fy;(~Jft{;,,f:..?.'1'-'ir~O?-LJ;<f~y,,~-:-Jy;qt;l;J,.JJ.~1;
~.z~.1,1,,1~J;J~-;,_,y;(.!)7(..J)fr&~~J:.cJe:f~cJ1.1,.;L_,;-'L,.1960
'1~
~~Jg;.J~ i?-1,,~s f~-o\.rJg;,.J.~.,~ l/1JL/.-J/iJ1-L,rJJJJJ,,.
-LLt:C,1965-. 70)
r. 1965-19-60) ~ ,~ v.
.iv:iJL--,L·V"
-:
~ L4-~,JLVL~iL(t°1i1·~~·t195'5-1960L..~v
L. .. .. tiy . •
... ~Jv;)v&L·VJJ
-'Ti· •• T

- IT
-LJjc,JJJl)elL.l:.-'IJJIV-~'-%'-.%

_tht;.L,.,'°124v!J .. rul -1

-CJJL~l~lOv!J .. ;JJ -2
_tfr1jt,.vL . . f;n,G1j11'u2s -~
_tJ:;t.::,1~14v!.1IJt~l).1) -4
_tJJW,1....f~14v!.::-?u..,u)1,t~Jur0;....1)w.,,..,,,J'Y. -s

_tlP :~...c~12s£,.,t~;JurJ.,ef..,,,1/ -6
_t,(;i.~,~ 3..;uvi..t~,. r/. -1
1.!Llifh~~r1;:u"':-'.1123~LL.fi1{/J;zl;,L~~L4--yV"..JL,,~'-/JJ .

l,S'f '"':"'.11~;,f#"iJ.J o/"~";,:-'-' J,/u'l~.11i:J,¢tJ.1~-;--'.J J.,fvd ~ '"':"';lo.J~ ~ i..J! ?·


<.,lv.1V.JOJ;Ji.r,S...d.~L
.
4--~v'~·~ if'hti ~;,;;,
- ( Lf ~Ji..t¢J4:-uJ,.(
.
'(~r:_/,:{if fw~,L'c:.--:r?.JYZ oJhJLf.~-"'v' J;Ji..J!r,Jr.?~._'5'.1if',.f.
-LJ.r Z.Y/·(~ j~b7Jj~.1,,P&:-?oJlf

..• J
-~}.if-t:;_.~30JW,1i..J!J 1u Ci)

. . ,n. .H.~,,~·'"'="'~L..;o~~- 7 i..t~,..• ,/. (ii)


" ..
-0.tfO/e~k;~~40~~()
-~ (iii}
, . . '

-o.t1uh;~~1s.J;i.t-¢o.11 (ht)
. '

~i{4-~t.n.J'£.,:-J1.,::,e.1~4-r)v,~--->• ,~u:.v.,.~Ji..J'1:1t;:f~ . .
J~.,...-'-''-vr1r~~J,~1lf1;f t.11r,Jv,J;,~fV:J)lu,::1iJ4--~~ v::
_J.tr..:-:~~,l1--)~~'5A~?J~JJ1J,;'!,,;.,P~.r~ovr
..• . .
1
(,.1965-1970) ~~J~;.J~&J£1
-LJ. jL:t.1,Jt..;ILC)l.1,tA ..• • •lP'-,.7.~7.
. L4--~ '--_r:'
_t)J !..Pl~ 37V- A,1~ ,J }.lJI t/;:h'iJ.1J'J;cf -1
_tJJ1..P,~2ov,:J .• r~J, -2

_tf('·1j.1liJ.1h1)1J'iJ 55, -3

-th1..P1,.;.JJv~sv-.v1.1,1tfj'£v.1cfJ;J.11 -4
_tl,i,}._£,.;.JJL,-~13.iJJ'J;.~ -5

- -~1Q;f yLv~o1~ -6
-tli~rl{J-1<.f-c.JxlL u,!·1,,LJJ(.;?1()!,.JJ~:11-tJJ!..Pt~ 9. sv-~,. • tr. ..7
_c.fb,'wJ)lP.1,1c.l~/SL1..P1v-1JJ'Jf'o1~ -a
..::.,~~J.1ly'~.1130~i./..(;)l_L£t?";-,.1~AS2J~LJ;Lvti-w,
Jg;.Jv ,~ 1/:!':f7 t-.nA'u;~..JJ,tvlP u.~e,,.1,-L-.:J,4:-L#J-:-'.1122.1J14-£.

-'--IJI
' . . . J;J"v-1.fliJ1.:riW.t:i(f~,..~
- £fi;(l.ftP!LZ.of~( .
-'J'i~ 7 _;/ J !..Pl~ v-i ~Lv1.f,Jt ;,SLi.;,,Ag. s"'-~l;t,l.f. (i)
-f.n J;,.;. llv~4. SJ/~V',f'-"D.1l?.1v:JJ' J;i;f.,; (ii)
. _(3(~13J..;,,:-.fu1PJ;r~9_;~J;t.)!(;)l;f!'~ (iii)

J1.1-J-~1r,;,..f_;~, o,.h)'-i.tu~ftf,t~J'i,;":"'~('{.1}'-,.:J{.":'rJ~/,.)~,!!r.t
ittf i;..v(J1.,.,,_b,.:..,,'J/.Jv-viv,,J,~,-~,J/4--~~r.1:-iJr.t:1L.::.,111,At,..;.:r
.J'~i:..,,_}. ~1r,1,.J~)~~ ,J...G.~.1w. -'1 !,.196s.J.' ;l~·c,)u:1.~2.-~
Jf

J;J.1J:..l}t/1v-1v(,/~27J{_~J#,J,l"~-j;;J,~;~/J{,,;ti~i:J-
~ .
12
uf~~ vi~,;;;, l}.,t;.11,,~~ ~v?L,1.1J:lJUY°-~.::.,J)~J~,.1..t1_J~!..t
. -L.1(.;J~Lr1h{V'LJ;J1r.R~i,.;~~1J"'.1(Jv

4.0 _ . 2.3 5.6 ,-1958-59


-0.2 2.9 20.3 ,- 1960-61
6.2 - - ·- 2.9 19.9 ,-1961-62
.
5.2
-
2.9 15.7 ,-1962-63
2.5- 2.9 15.5 ,-1963-64
5.2 2.9 13.0 ,-1964-65
0.5 2.9 10.8 ,-1965-66
5.5 2.9 -
6.7 ,-1966-67
11.7 2. 9 7.6 ,-1967-68
4.5 - 2.9 10.6 ,-1968-69
~ource: Economic Survey of Pakistan 1984-85

. J'J...t'"L~~,SJ;cJl.1,JL,J'/ulLU?JL_~"'-.%j'r-t,,~'---"Ylv1
-~.uOt~l,a,4.1t"i~~-(~l.1),_f?(j.1(~.1,IL)~~}J;t.,JJ'(..)?
(Land Reforms) ~~ !,L#.t(J:; )(!.1)
j. l)'l,4/ if~ /I ).1/L ~tif'; ~/L (JI;"':-'!'-'~~ L ~-IP~I '1.1;
~~~I ·(;,.II_~!fc) ~ I ( ~"' °: f 0.1) i:t. ,:JJ.J J'~ ~ u, Jv-? k ~- ~4' I,)!, 1,s.9
.1

-LJ.Jc,:1J..:.,tf1L
1Juyr(t4 ,~~~ .• (~~.;-6L(uiJ~,:l.;J,A.11,i;..(1klJ..i 1 .ii,..,~/Jf-:11
. -~Jlf(a1v;~l,!.1>.? ;(, 150 .1l~ieJ~yAv:.~,y.1

tJ!jO:t("t-<A' ;f '--,,:J.j(J.,1/i.J~.f:'-.1,1 uhl()L:Jl):i;4v-1ufifk,J~lu,.1,v.; -2


-J.n~,i;~J,.1~ JI., soo.1,1J;r.i'riso»ef
i,:/..J bJkJ ~,;.;, ll~ b.1/;, AKJ,u£.Y" -3
,/-', ..;,tr r,:J:L,.t. J/L1PL ,.:v,'
_ (L"' . .lfiJ,v! li..Ji 1r 2 s v:.·~:1.,,,J'v>1.
_ ,er,./1,,:#·;1:(/ ..._~,.;,,tr Lk,. ,, . t'~ -4
;;~ ~ I.) ~:--~~~4.j. - ~ v..J! ~
pt .l ' "-~.··
I•

.),_... 1~~.
t •

!',l-~( •.i~-~~
. o• • • • o '. ~

.JJlµ.1_;,, • • ?. ..• .
I I

.J/1)/.(/../!u~I
-

1(~~ -v!'~,rt·Lv,.11J1Jf.i ·
J'vi Jr i_t J!?. L ~,,:1.;J>o.P. -s
.11} (;)~LI r;J!,117J,.1~f,fif ut?
frJ).1i&.rJ L}.1,1~:.,!?1,-VkJ'---l
. -L~~Jv!1,1)\:,11.--1ct;~~fuffk1J;
i.1~,~/Jr1.,i.f!J/(;))G\JL1v.::-(;)t.1,1VkJ~ji'G"~uvL~1:-~1J?.1!1:}!.1f? -6
. I
. -L·fiJ~1.J1}(.;;/Cdv»J'r..,).1,1i/.
- - ~ -': -

. . -/J1~Jk.~~..J'l.Plv-v}J'(,...:>itKJ)1.1!I -7
r" •• I • t", ~ (' " ~ . (( ~ ) y - .
~ -:.. ~,.,,.,I~ L ~./ ~i rJ~) J.n (f v! l,)J.7' L.J( ~ Jf { i.µI.,,_~ ,:T-
A - /:
,J.1; -~
. _ £LJ~.,;~}J. 11vL ~~ ~,i. CJl;-:--ttJJ~·~.;J~irJ~J~&(, t<.fi.11J~1-L :
_(/if if-zl:..1JL()"1AJ~1,j!J)tl

. ~19&9-1·1.;,.h,Jrv1;~ ·
(Yahya Khan Regime 1969-71) . :-
L r:J' .1,1 J'.:v.lJv 1 c,WL o,;'":"'t1...IJ;,v,
J~J(..tcJ'>.:"irLJ.~,,~,,;;,c~~11,,1itf'c.J!.1,, .
.s: c/i £._ ·cJt::f'~ I~ ~v'?l(IJ.::...,J,fc;{_f-s
' -
~,4;L_ t''j,Jit,~, ,S~e·:t,,..1J7.
·-
12
O~L~~A...J~_.fj_fi~L-::..tJIP<.:)l _L LJ1fi~ .:;;_J,?L (;)I ~l}~;JIJ~...[j
-h,J'f.ic{rL,,1952.,,1JJ~.::.-.>f Lui;c£-..tJ;;:,~1969,rs,1~2s-V1,f;;t
,.1970 .11/r~J~jJd
. (Legal Framework Order .1970)
. __t,(-jJd'~lPJi ,~~4-Lcf~!f·,L,, 1970La~~..I~?-~~ 1.v .
-lEJje,.1,Ji;,...;u1vL~1~°"'1f'~J11
_/J:_;..313,,~JJu.,:-={(1,1,,Jv~~~"'SJtu.i -1

,/J/_11,;, f~Jv21/J),.,1,1Jv2s/;1&,t.G,,~,tLL11~~ (J., -2


- ("' • • • ,r •• • • :. • r: .. /
._;'r°l,.:b;(J(".-/"':"!f'"l{lJ;-;'DJhJ~~l~J~

_/J:~,1970 '/.Yl22?-LJ.'iJ~.r";Jf/..?I5 l,1t-S~t?-LJ:iJj -3

-Li..L lr~f ,jJ?J,~rvlutJ~,,fLlrk"&11~h)J.~,u!-", -4

. ~(L~~~JS'(J.1l7#,}J~r'.1,1J~1rj?J~,.1~1,,.Aw~~dL~1 -5.

Ju,li,JLu1;,1J~/~'7JJ?J,~Lr''~~-,~1rV(1;,,J"',J.,u'iJ~~. ~6
. -J'11JV.~Ui.r'.1,1~J~;
4-LCv )J!,/./J~l(L\rY~(J,'~~1)~JiJ!VI
_(,1u;,}'tif~t),-'" -7

LJ;'i'...tJ1JP{J':t~(!11oor)t,,J'-.f.JvL,~y,,,~i;~-rv,Y,i:Ji ~s
..JJJi? i;{,.11.~ ..:..~ !J.tt i£;;,L w,:.Vl.1,1 Jy; J,ur J"'tf.,~tL; JJk> f i/i.11
· -J'L~J'.;Jh:.,~( Jlir
vwf~tvo'l... (L'f~~tf~~J;r:J;,(tlJ<'·-''1,1(11-":~.!~-{,cJ~t
. . w
-9
.• ,J~fr,J1tf./~i~1 lf11!S1Lf"L 1,·L.~~li,..i/~1Yi,,,,L~ .
23
.. Lt-J:...~~Jj~.,,J_LJ' J~~r-10
-bJ)(Jj;i)JJYt 'tr
_tf~'-';~1JL.G1Lr~' 1:t

_tf~L1...J1?-Ll.,)L,i:,1.,t.,-,1Jtvtv!.e,1~~ tr
_t/~,k.1('171)t.~if~ylYV,te,11iNiiJ..-'" fl .
••
,: 1970·~~~·,

· · · (Elections .1970) ·
L~J1.tJ.,~J'J;;,~t~~~J_;.v!..:,~~·1r~LL¥i~JL,1970
. -. :. ~
i:,l I? J,?.) ,.;;.· 1 6 7· ~ iJ! I 6 9,
.,,t,:/..tJt.1i,i1Jk11J.~,JJ"i.,(~7
·• ,., • • •...;,,{;..; , _ _.,;!;-.. ,;'(-
~ vv' ~.~ -~.11,""=""~·r,.~t;t,uc.1
• !f

i.,1.144 L J~~., ~c.Jti'L.., ,fxJ)~,,j.

v
~
IP('-""
~ . ,. _::.;)
S~t}J,?.)i.;; -88~
o/JJrJ1,,,1J'~iv~vrt',,L/ .
.»l L ..:, L ~·, _vf~i., L
• -
IJ,/.;LI' if~~
-

_JJ;;p;,1J~-::.,.1r-'.'1-9L...&..,.f.,1:P1
rqrJ:::,~;1,,J~s~~J/ ·
(Separ~tion of East Pakistan and Emergenee• of Banglidesh}
ulv.~..IJ;?-.o.::.JJ~.t-t/.Jv1LJ.,i~~111JJ!>i--£.(i£..::v,i):,1~~,~~~
1 .~
,.;. ..:,1J.~<.f1., L J:), ~ t(;}v,) lJ'-£,/.~.A!>..J'/.::,,JJ1,L~li/J;.,.1J:f~.11.;1t,f. .
"''"";1,~,Jt-J;,:1t,~ Jl,.,,f(,)AccJ,,;;(.JP'.::,;.,,;,J..&.;t.-1,.fc1JJ,1 r..{/cftJ,_,.;r"". .
l(e,t~.J,.;-/ui:~J.?.
., .
1c: 4'-LL,lG"L~urr-vc.<J.,.r(c11t-1tr..J{'(,,ct1JbJ 1~fl ~·.,
~·i?- ,. • .,. .• . h . rj

-JffG"~.,;iJ;1?Lcl)r-r,1t:/,.·~J'~A-ti;J_v,,v1-LLJ1J_l~ili..:.JJ1tN~.r;~
. I
. l~~,
jT
Jc/')1-:-f. ec.t .:.,iJ\ircJl-hJ 1.,,..'~{ I(J;,J:{/~, L J.)1~ ti 1971,&.1L23 "*
~l?J....fiJ1.f{.1.t\Y"c,1t:-,~v,1,f rf~i,J';-1J:,;1;,_1)/"':"1}~7/.:.,t1~LLS.1vf
(~"~' v~J J~; / J'- u?.J(L J1 ~ f?. ~ ~.J ef,c,1~.J\ J?lu,;;; ';-1.1,1 ~ ~.1/
_,J,J't.t,}.:;.,/."~)f.:;.,.11J! L uit:J; JJ-c.t ,,.,i;; if L),.11};-L 4f--A,J'Jiutf
- k).fY-!. i.:J l::Jk. J? .I~,; l(. '-',A, ifi,;,! .7. ~ L ,:/;if cJ t:-,PL
J1u.1(..iY.1,1,JA~c,11::-'lJ?'-~'si.:},liJr~LuHJ~.1,I Ltrd~1.1J~)JIJ:; "{:(
cJ~;J_,>.1,1 ~"':"k'"( I.)!#'" ~1.,.(}i .:;.,.1l,:! ~'"-t 1;,J1L~ i.1,!,/c:,,1}1J.1f.fz~,,f.11,;
· _,.11.• .1J.,.;{2tL~,~rtLif-,J:cAJ1-0£ 1971,~16

-:-'~,LJ~J~~h J~ •
(Causes of Separation of East Pakistan)
(",.;!,1971~Luif,J~JLh.o,Ju.tl,;~~-li,;~uh'''di=:iJG,,1.:1i;:1J?
. .
-~~~v)j,'-:"'~,LJ~s~\;f~J;-~Jj-VJ1..:J,)~~.1,1 vd~
(Ayub Khan Dicta~orial Era). .1,J...:.!;°1((.)-!?'":"il ·-1
··~~·( .. f".··" ,,. ~ "' ,_r, "" ,/ •
4:-,~1~v.1i~ ~IP.u~ At-l·-tfv
<; •
-~.1 ~~de-, k),.,,;f/ l)vl..f,~i.:,it;'-:"'i'
• .• •

J;- -~.Jt°tcl~ ~n;.1.,J,1~h.1j, _;;~L d~i.f->q; I uk-d; o, JL.1i\)fr11 L w.,ii1_i.£.


-L~.J,1.J.,J~<j,,;£.1:,.:::,1J/.!J1P+.1~v-,Jfr11L1.:1i;:f;
• •• ••
(Lack of National Leadership) e,11..a,(-::.-Jh'OJ -2
It/. -''3t-r-'/Yl c,1,; ,-; .1J}J,-1i/.. ~~~ P! L.:;., ij,s cJl; J~y .1,, ~..(li
P!LcJ~;(~.:;.,;1,;,J~ J'<.:Jt:f~J.?~qJLi./-~g":Je:,,r...J/tJ.::/~{('I
fJ~J1(,,,~~,f L~,;~t.1~ ~r1t(iz[..t~t~-1.Si.1((tu!,~f~IPJ1,:i-l(('1f
-~~~(JA!,Sc,1L;.t~J>~~~/.
(Poor Economic Condition) Jlv~J.,l.$1 -3
,;\,r; ,.f,J'I J!4 ~Pz,t:~N~'(J.~~4.1JtJ:,L$f~;Je; <.:}~~ J~
~L LYI ~J' (;J_t:Ji. J.?,~ J("":"',_r.).1_1~)'.,.Jh .1,,..,,~,~·(Jt.J/ . .
L~{

;;:;..v1-~n.tK{.1JJ1Pv-4--~ L ui.y6'-/1JL,t,;;J~~,.f,1u~Lu#lt:J:1-t
_;.n.11J,rfi.t~.1~J'S~J'~i.:if;~t;:0,t,~_d,1v·~·~v!"'~'"~
(Nlegath,e !Ro(e of tHndu Tea~hers) ·. .11J/~(ot'.L.,·IJPt-4
(" ..
. .

l:,lt:J~
~ L vLL.0'.1(1S"i I.)!. L.1r.,.f"!'Jr '( ~; J~ ~,"~L~e:1rk7
~
()! l:,11~ ~ ~-'f---'-:--~( (..}! i£J.Jfr L)~ij,~,t ,,f_;J,j
,.!:.:5 l:,Jf).---"J~~

L~&LJF-/~u;,pz~Y,,J'e:ti.,,1L,'-'~{'{.;.1tvi~~~,._~.J;f~,,J:1.
. .

~(::)~ J7L vZ Vo,L '{ ~,l_;f -JtJiL w~ i.Ji'--'-~)!= ;J}I~~1,;,.fuhj


-~1,11,,vJ'L/J"t,JA!~
·. (Issue of B_engalilanguage} ?,(c,1t;J~--S
(!}/,,.11.lw'!.L~t:i'k(g-V,,,-",fft·i./-.J....h;11a.t;.hlit.cJ}L~Lc1pJ,,
-?,il,,-,.1,;,J,.PJL·,Pi~G\:,P.Ji,¥--f')~~L-~pJ,Lvist .. ifk"-";~p
V~fJfp'dpu.1~!i;.1p~b$..1,:,,,J1'1)!,LtL,195_6 .• if~){/"d,...[j~,;:_
.;.JY{,.;;JJ).::-,f,fI.),:.tP.i.J!
(P~ovincial ~reji1dices) ~~J~r.1 -6
' (£,.,1:,i\.,_ ~s6m;rr-JJ0:J't,,,,(T r:.,~.1't-J.!-
£ ._.u,. ,ui,,,.,,
c... v-:,
.. ""' ,;:;~
v .. ai,.
._. ~..,j . • • .,.f;;J/

• ~ ~ \ • . ~L)·,~"i'
, • • -1.UvrJ.;fi;~.._.,,i:;Lv,rrLt • .. . ,., 'iii.. L. v},~1,..L
••.. ~i::rL J>~·,;,.iii. .
Tr .
1
_-. . @~ ~.1Jl;i.;~~J/L ~I~
",J.(_!J;.r.L.tt.1.~//.'~»!.!.:7/JJ-fil·(;)I~~?
.r·.. "' . . ,, , _ , .• ._ · v.~"',
~ • i" ~-, -~.:ti .. ,. •
"'4-~~,'-/(·~~fji'.
( Ter~itGrialPolitics of POiiticians) -.::.--L.-J G'u.J"'f- 7
. . -
HI J·i;.bf~ l:5;;1,1/~~-~l~.1,I
. · /;~.:-,~~~I~.~1~ I.I-~·U,ttt-(LT~.t.;
26
(f/_l.5J./t.,,,;,J,JSLf ~l.,.~L?SJ:ii;;~1,;;.z~L4 G:-'-/'J-0 .11J11L
u.f,. nLui1..c,1.,..(;),LLJr"'Lu.l~/i..fl_LJ~1~#cJ-LLLJJ.dvl
- - . -
_l/'~
•• ": Lf!"Lv SLJlLL -: L

(Conspiracies of Big Powers) v!;vJuPlbJ}. -8


),1J,.1if..~1JJ-"":'"'P.L~~1ri..11-~M{11..\'lrJvv.:dvLi..1;.1L~.1l¢.'
~·,l(;)Lv..::.,,.1,?~~LLfJ1u,(J.1,?G:-i.fi.1f~.1l¢.'-hJ.lf-l~,J°~L-.:.-.1lP!.
, .

-ikiv1v;,. • ,
. •• r •
(Six Points Formula ~f Mujeeb-ur-Rehman)
. '
U.Y'.1GJ!SJ~(~)1~ -=9
~ (LY.1~i./l_,,-;~c-JG"fi)~LJ~Sl:)1::11J.?1JY°.1·~j~~(J)1~
. . .
LM4c::...J1v~J1.PLJJ1-:-'3-L~1~f'(lFJG,r:.1,1L(rhJ~~l.1J,/u1.~fl}=-
J~r'.:.>vJ}'3::1~,~-£"' ,..J:!J,;;? Jir"' ,..Jif J~ S(;)\;)~ ~/ ...f~f i/t::-(''
.. . ..I? (v!.::. ....t.1 ;LJ.1.ehi
_t/',-;.....,
(Bhutto Muj~eb· Differences) ~~u::;10;.f.
-10
..::.-1fi;~L1-,;1rr..:.:Go!=>1Luipi.;)L..•,jJIYl.J:.?lt!::'LJ~L~~1'>l-d-Pf
~"~,J~1LJ;'"i1J}i....(flP~L ,,1911,~.1~3L#_J.,1..;J~(u1~~k('V(lJf1(
.
_1,p,.%,t?,~licJk'°.1Jl:c)cf'~J;,>.1,1J/c::...if~

(:hrccess of Regional Parties) ~·~(0u.?Lzj°G"~ -11


'
i:.f), ~ t -v-
·"' ~
11.;
!,.#
v 1e 1..F
.zS)
·'.vt.?.J
f P. ;!'
Y.v·u •.
v!ui.r>ui,J,..t
• .. '
...::.-~lf·,L,. 1970
~~.,b,, ,Jfr'~~yll-~J1li.:,'t/t..t.c.J~J/Ji.~~J;t.1,1if-~ciJr~,o''.fJ
.\lcfLofJ.1htJJJ!J;~J£~.1~ri('":t~/JJ.1!h)(tv'~-~'-~.1,1~J'~~-J.,,j!-
. .

z
.,, .
(MmtcJry Action) Jt,.1.1(J.I -12
L ~,~ -.f ~u L J:.,,..t. _1,f .::.,.,1;1 ~L~1 L JJ,-:-1J:1971,&,.1,L23'
1

-VV~rJ,,.urJ.))\tLJV'b,fi.,;r~J5((..)iA(..1.,1(..):,..t~L(.;).e:.r~.J/.1J,
~~J):f LJ(;~.J;? ·"1 i'~' ~ L.t1 L.fi(i1~J1u;.1(J.}L,:,11;J'":-1;,1,J7-/-
~l.?J11~.,,,J~.1_,,v,~~.1,:;7Jl.IPL(.;)1;.riJ/LJ1.,.1.1(J~i.;~
. . . f0_;.;.1/(· .

-.~(,/0J'k).1JI~
(!J-.Jijsddng of Ganga Aeropl~ne) ~,i, (<--..11,):,(/
.. -13

· -tYu,h~{ (.:)l;J~...::,..,-"f,JAJ,.....j/(VJif'k>
vL.!ii10.1k" Jt~~IL..:.-.11,.
i;::~y;

-k).I~~,.1~Wc... (.:)l;f~·J,?((.;)i;J~J/
L~.1(1.)'v.,:.Lf,}li1£.. ~.1k'1iJIPlLl.[t

(.;)~J?~L~L41.1JuJ_JJJ:~~LJ~J"(.;)t:f~J?J/?.JJ;~-&,~
. -if.rt,:.,Jt,~/(,J}~,/.~r./-,:f~,j-;Je;,/
(Ind~a·s Mnlitarry Interference') ~t-"J.}J'~JlP! -14
J'\-1 L .::.,.,lP! -L!r0,/~Llf.~u1/~~,Jl.'i1;J1,.{ /;j,;_,~ /,;-,.1v!
.1,14:-,./J,., v! cJqJ.?.1( ~Juu!Ji{(tL.'U11~ (/"ft:·,:..'vf. '(~·(;,!L}J.AP/
~, .,,i , t c~r i;.. ~.If~ Ii} J 1;11 "~ '-'"' ~.e~r~.J'wS~ -k,f'J.?1c.1"'1J?
-f.YZ,~,1~~ if '-t 1;1, Jj1~ i.,,!.
• •,
..::,.,-"J)_ v.J L-4;-.,-::.. ~l.?.'J~L
_v(bJ(;)I;.~( ( v'") ~--:-'I?.
. . J1y;7 -1

fJ.trJfr~~!PJIJJI} ~

;1940("':"') - ;1930 (JI)


,,1949 (J) ;1946 (l:.,)
"
fJ'~z[ (J.,LijJ.,liL>dt:fLJ?
. . ~. . .
"'k

56 ("':"") 54 (JI}
60 r» 58 (c,)

~VJ..;LJ!)Y)~J~~ *
I
#lf,liali,j ("':"") J)1-! ... C..;J1)
ci~b: (J)

~t.,,z;11,:l~~L~.,~rtLJ:.,,.t.~J1-f,d1;:J~J? -tr
,-1970 <"':"") ; *'1969 C..;h)
t-1972 r» ;1971. (l:.,)•

(-jJ;t,~~1t i~4-L4-1/..:.-~~·,L~19.70Lc,1;~..1J;z~~~1v_ *
· :t,p1JJ'u~tfJ:io JJ.11i,-LJ?Vd~·,1c~J~1~, ·
31!3· C,:-o)) · 3:10 (.JJ,,)
3'2Q .(.,) ns ·(c,)
129
rV1J.11}~pJJl~pv"'ptLcJefktg
'. "
=
J~-:
. . (_)
. J, (..;J1)

,J.11 (J) i)~Jj· . (c,)

rJ~1v~fi~J.1~(fk,ifG-cJi::f;~?wr!lo!:,,~f·1L,:,, 1970 i-.r


(";"',JL?nv;-)(Or.1Li,pl1~ (~)

~JI/ (J) . J.1v·~ (c,)

1 J~ ~f ._/'L~r;i£'.,1Jj. i:r

,,1970J{1 (":"') - - ;l969G'.1L(JI)

; 1972 C)?. c» f1971/J (Ct).

..
ri/t;i~1J(~iv~1·'1.1J~~i;-:,11.1v
. . - * ··
, 195'8· (~i)

f1960 (~}

f 1955-1960 ("'="') ,1950'-1955 (..;J,)

, 1965-1970 (1) f1960-1965 (~)

cYIJ'°iJr c.~)
~:J'iw (J)

JQ
r~) ~ »~!) s: ~i(i>1956 *
oL5Jv 2 ( .,» · _ oL3Jt.,,2 (JI)

oL7JL.--2 (i)

:'f-t"W~.tt~,7(_;)J'~,=;kJ;(~o>l.r;I' *
J(Jn ('":'"') J>Lr;' (JJ1)

. J;J~ (i)

rJ.ttk.~-G.J: 1965~uPfSo·~r'J, *
i>:1965 :,,?1s c,. . ) ,1965 :,..?12 (.;J,)
.-1965 ;?'23 (J) · i>1965;!20 (i) ,

rJ~,p7JJ~v.Lu;:)r.?J)h> . *
;,!j; 60 (JJI)

)l}cBO (i)

,1949
,.19,7Q

~ll9S8

,.1951

,1962
3.1
-
_ e;.. · L J;"i;i.,~r~/~~~d...J,;.?JJy *

,f I ,I'
-u.ni.('~Jv.1....f .
(" • • •••• • (' lt'J.
1-=,.1li(~~~~.d'->~.l!-'

*
-11,h~1rJJr~J;;v! Lii>.J.Jr1.tG" *
_J1,h~~\p:.JIJJl)~J:itJ! L.C}t;J..:l~ -1:(
.
_,J-Z:Jcu=-"I.
. ,.,.
~,1~((:Jl;:J~ *

'.
,;4,lP,'/'.,,;~I)
.-: ' .. *

- .v.:'J i.:., ~IJ?.,# -4

v-J,f4'~!J0;vc{ r~J'~~
~~/(:)~~~,i~~JI£.;:,, IP JJ-llt/.1)_~
.
·fe:...!f..J1.-t1L4-?Jg;Jv~~'--/'J *
\'(J.11J)lf(~/-j~~~-G.Jf
1965 -{;{

. -~~j.=:,1a~~~JfL,,1961t.ft'J;.,,;vt~ *
-~Jt..1~-:--~,.,)L-G.t1965 * ~
.s" - v. Ir Lr ,-:::(""'.,;,"• "'I'~· lfl"J r_J..-/"". ~
-~-'J'~~[:.,.1J~'--U .::..,..ru,,.,;;- 11,,1• • .JJ.1li.....J.1,1-)v::: f;-1PJL) • • I x

f ,=-J~,/v~J.fdr.1,,J1ldi *

... . .
~C.J.:.LtR~~
-Jt.f!r(~ie.J,k.,J<;.Jt;:J~-5
. -~~i;..,J~~r,L~u:.11J.11j
-,6


~£c.1~.J1v,~uh vL,L. iL,.196.2 ...7 ·
133· ~
-~~µi.,JJi;.,.-'i(.)!LiL'~J.1f~,r£j~" -9

... - .
. _£l:Jk~LJ1.,L...G~.it1.JtJ:196s
~- -10.•

-§ C1,.11J.l([#i.tir~~JJJ?J.1ltL~i;:.(~-11

· -~l:.l~Ji;.,~u!liL~1~,1962 -12

-#..of'.r(JvJIL1WiLu?..1~""'~· -13
. . .

_£t,.,AJ/(i·il;

k~l)~~.r
v tr~ - - vrP,/);·kL:,.,,i;:f~
,. ,,. ·'-' ,. -14

-(:{'
(Protection o omen's Rights)
:,v~,j...J;

~ .. . . .
·(Viol~nceagainst Women) J#Jf,r'
01~ J~-:..~~ t/-,/-, 7J~t (-.,!)! e,~~~}j~J~iJ.~Ld;IJIJ~
+~Jtti(J"Y~t;,1JL,,JL?.L~.1~~Jif-,f-(--fiJ..$~~ji,J~,1?J~~z
L}vt_..v.TJ~...:.-~l.oi~~J·L,,j~,.f..j.'rj.,,.,cij1.,.JJ.~Lo~(l}I
-T'"t',~~,Jr,J~~d'J,,;i~p.Jjl(.)i~;.1~0!J.t1j1}1J1/'5,J1l~.1/
~ ..:.,1",JbtJ~,. .• +-cf',t~./~ c)l.ti;,..¢ifiJ1 z_j,? i..t £,: J;,~.::,;(. ' ..
L~'"''~ti• .1~vh,J1J,.,,,.,J35t,
•. • .• '}j'~J.f~· i!· . .:~i..1-v,fvrz...hu:
/ • .., v-~/' .. • . . ;~,,,~, ·
/I • •

. .
- -~t',1-l/J..ciL."L,,:i...~0"1,ju1'ui
' ..
(Viole:nce against 'Wome.n in·· Pakistan)'_ ;~ j,j~d(;:.Jk
. .
_J:l'-4.u]~I._/. W~~-v.rJnJ~V':>..6~1;,;J;/~~,,cJ.ef'~c..,.}~LJ~...6£~, ..
JJV{ ~JJ~:it.J\P:,..$lf.~~''.f t/~v~,J 0> )'r e-1e-0..&"~ I.);.}
f

-~,{"'""'~~,:1,t"'J!J~.1,!3,~~;~i-e-JiJbr':..J/.;Jfi .• (o,;f,,..;:,:::_~,;
.(Vi~~ims and. Offendei:s;). ,.,)Ji.?/L,~,,/.;;!1;,1~,J;;;
Ji;,J1}J1~£.1~{ ~1Jlir1~,1u~ ,:)~1,JJ,,Jl(w1ltui.1h~J;..6'. · .
. ;;1~_i.1.,1;;1~u'.L/-,u'J,..;J'/-,tfv-cJLAzf'1vi~~¥v?tf"(ffr:1.~-.'-'!T
cJ'!lt)ui_JzfYti.{~10,10" 2fYtL1,.~~£.lo!:,,.1le~~((1--i..aZ--':,Jt;;J,Jt
-~.J1f};;S./~.1/',f-..:,.1/~G°JI
,. .,
. . .
D:l"f(),;?'(,pJf.y'
(Critiquing Common Ideas.About Violence Against Women)
~v.r J 1.-?JP~~?.,£SL.rrtJ:;t.),L1..&jt,)
-,=-~JJl..!£J1fPr?ilvlL'-;.~ -'
• : : • •; • • • ~~.: :· :'· :. r . ;_ • .;.i~,.r.t~ll)~rJLJv~v,tf. _r
. -'f-~,,~('*~'--/~ .,,.,
-~.-?-'(~0J..6'..:-!I~(~~cJlv.f L_4:--J,j??./J1}1)!1LVLJ;.,,t? _,.-
(.Myth)...},j6JaU
~ ., .
-~t"Yt./
, " ~
;,t,iu~J.,..J~u
~ -
J.:1~y1J';..¢'fG.~-"".~'..,._;,?~...,
\" • • r ..,, . ·--' .:11 ·-. ••

(Fact)~
..
J'cJ1.1,1i.:.-k>J)(cJ1,~L;.',,1;1JcJ,~v.r.L4J1.;j,.,;,i,:;ff'r,j.1~Jwf;rJ'1·
J~.,?'V.(i,!:.,~v'-,=..:r1"i.:.-.1!o~"(Llf0(/.J~.,,v-,f.ft--~ifiJ~-rtt-"'~J-&,.-
L'-:fa.-:-->.t::...t-Yi'..:::,.,u-,~"..,b,'~;~;J'~..&
, .
,~~.1(=~t',1.11,..,.,;;~~_;~;{f.7
, . . } . _.,, , .-rd tr- f
.
JJ.,~~0~,?1..)J~~~,J1~LJL'--.#:J~.r.-J1;»?Y;.ll..Al.~¥~~cr
(Fact)~
fr~~ J·,~'r J; ;1"/... LS x L/ J~; Jfi ~ L/ Su1.11J:. '-; 1:..-'--·j L-z
,.f,f..-~jJr.,,)Jfi~)Pj,.,.J_r ~JS~,::-'f-1:-~VC:~d-lf, {..::.,L 1J,.,Jrlfui1I
'4-L L~ {~~~JI/_,=.-J\JL.f '(t,Jiv-=.-.1!1,l)/~f.: { l)Jr~ (l, J~A~-'f-,./'
-L Iv. -LI;,; 1;.P:,.11 J L..-.; <..,.h~/:::.,L 1;,,l;.JI L ~. L5Ll:1l5k.k·~
-., . . (.)i.1!
(History of Women Rights) bJL,SJ;vjt,J
1,1u,.v iP,v.r Jf,:,i,;J' ~,1li-}!Jv, i:/.,vJ i)~J.,17 L;}lr.1J1J.1.-~ JP J,,.;
-6/.,J:i7lY11,;1,l~J}7LJ~~J~i;L.~1'v~~1,J?uL-[Lr.1J·3J,u1fltLui1!
.mo,r.,,.• .1.5 ~,y_Jutr3~1,1,...,,_f/5,,u1yi~_;;v• l/~(5.J
. . "'t1--'19c.-,-?'0?-Uv-vrLJ}7
1,l.ob,Jt"/ui.1!~,L0t;f~(g-'f-J"'~J;.is:.;.1,b(J}u/JJ?Lui1!i./..~VL~,(V~
L~LJ~b'JJ'JJ?Lul.1J\f01;.J~Lv?i;tl:Ji~J:;,Jt,C;:,J,~_i:.4:-,J;svJJlY
i.t~i:::r~v!~1949L0,!1_J~l?_.1{/..1,i;.,,,.JJJv£.uji.1JJ!L-1;J!;tf-:Jk1i1'.1fu~
~~JJ~,j~!-\/(G"oJt,l~~(tL (APWA) 1?1~L,;;r:J~.1jiJ}1r,J~1JtJ'i1!
. . "'."~t-~~~.:;_L;rLul1!l.:),(u1,j12t.t::.1t:Ji?-L?-yN.PI
. .
J,.1,l(~((.)i.1fi,./.(1YI
(Status and Rights of Women in Islam)
i,fr,.'5{~if;~lJtr.i1ljlt_iJJLf ~;,J,..G.J1,.JLf,riv1J?--:""'u(~
I.J~LJ~JJ1f~Jf~lz;J:'~~IJ'l~.{i~J~:fi}J"'ffi-v.t ;f~JUJJ/uf~J.rz
." -+..t.l~t:,11)1~-..;1(i.)i1h.,ll),J/
. _.rz .7-S'-/"-+. ,?-..~l~i:.:~..:.,.1,/ i,.rz /f JfL_L JLf
1 J I Ji~uf!
. · . . : · . (1·95: :1,tJ1yJi)
"' J'(l;'i~,,,)~~(v!.~ J)/,JJ(ii.t~J'u.f°Yu;:l..:.,;/~Yl:,/{~fJ"-4~.
·--j;j
. I

. ( 97 :JI,) -Lr...t. J~li!'~l?(J111L<.:,11(1.)!~}'i).1JILJl ..•;


JJi;;JJ,f v.r JJ;;lb:?. v.r f~JJJC:--.11?4--~..:<.:Jf;J,t,.1t-S'":'"'~ILc)t.1JtLJJ;b .
. , · -7vi(~)u1 ~ILJJi/~,rtul.1/~,a,,
JJ'/~1f4-.1Lul.1t2-L,.-""Ji;;J11?.7Jc:--u!v-f!,;,,,,r!J)1~),,.z~~?
Ju}/((u)I~ )J;t~l.:.-?a,ft-v!J,J(.:)!<.1JL·o~/.1Jl,lµ,g/a,)i;J;!LJ.4~J~J,,_v.r
. .
(.)JJ/(Ci_f1Jl%,,?'~...fi(0(;flP!(.:)!<.1JL11,/.1Jl~f~~-t,,,0L,iJ,,~-v.f.l..(J~.1JI
S01.1lr./..(LY'~;;,,j,_r...t.fJ,,6J'(;J"L(.:)l~LJ'?tf.laJ,J'f,1r)~{vi.{~;,
-'f-JJ'Zfiu;~,,J~
~ s.;,/ v 0/ 7. c ~Ji; J11~ ),f..J8.:.-r~ .,; t J:< (..Jt~JJ,J:-') .J1.1~
( ~l:)L vJAr(01_i/.J\j~J}a,cl3 ?/ J.1l{-.f\t>J'(1;:J.t..J.?~;;~;~JI~,
l:.I L,, L ~ L ,./.. u1': j, .1.: 1..h r~Ji.z t- J.z, L (.:) f _lit'. ir ~ ut):~ ,J v_};,.1,.1,,~
,.i:_ tJ( ..JU?i'.:.-?i./..u,.zt-(.;}'-ii- z.../~,)v:> ...Cf;.:iJLW'v~J,~ v1.1;1- .
~ ~b"' 0.1 ~,.1 'tL( vJ t.,1JJ1tf.1 ),f...;.:.,}'I>-~·~
L (,j1J,.j-~,.~J~,~i
v-. utv).,,e:_·L ~Ir~~ uJ;/!.. G" J.1lfL Jd.J~f'f-0::'f t£.,i)v• f
- L u ,i; i;a:» l,, L J:!} Ji G" ( {~Ji;; JJ, <.f.1) ..f-.N ~? ') & z....fi; ,(,/-
_ I} ~:If..(· ~

".:.,~JIL((,JT,~Ji,~).J.:.,~Jt.5ji"-.1ln..(?.L((,,iG~JJ,~)rJ,:~
,< :f,;~~.:.-~r 0~1r,JJvL":"'/.1,,~J~r'"~L~J~4-~~"ilt#'J;~
LJi;.._kC
. Ll),~L1..J,.11?L.d..Lu
• •• ¥J.::.,~r.,1vJiJ
'F'':' , .. L~e.J.i
• , ~·v. (,1..t&
"" .•~-v-.
-k'1J/~.1;,YfJ';f,.::.,JL4J;/;,~~;fu,f..t'!:"/ll!IJ
<~J_i;;.Ji,~J ~J.i.-?.1.,'<!fFJ~.Ji,J;)..:J"~~<~JfM
J./Jv.-~J~,;tJ:uefJ'~,1vJ.1(.J~b'c::.v~~,
·~ c-~
.
fc.1'-1..J.!' J.'...: v!!~J J~JJL.:.,.J1.;,1.v,(jl),q:~ v},,..:.-Jt,,~.,f~~" ?v'r-v.r 1

-'v'LuJ('?.-!- ~u)i.7..1,11yJ. UvLJ':f '';-'u! J;;;iJ,Jr


-~J(lfY'-'"~

. ~~,;,Li...,.,~~~f
. . LLL~L).$j1.,J
.. •.

(Punjab Government's Efforts toAddressViolence Against Women)


· ,.201s~1,ukh--::JJt;JJ'/r\/-~~
.. ·
(Punjab Marriage Restrain'i:Act2015)
4-.L:u.,[J / j.,; G"Ju'.H,;.\)! "':'"' lf'~-'r-( ~i1,.1 (t.5.,i;,J ;J/(v-- cJ~~(li

,J:. d' 1J,~v!,2015L J;,J~~J"':'"' lf'-:-'f-.1/"Jv 18?-L u!J.1,1Jv 16


J,i.,, 18ntu,{J/f~JL, 1 s~~.1(L~/~·i1)1y...i0t,~:{.J1,/,Jf-Jf;
_JL~JJ17J L ~.z u.1lP!.1,,~/c..11;;qJ.r L ,,./,JJi;..JulJ/fc-
f 201 s~ 1u,.,)~(-li~t~·f ·
(The Punjab Protection of Wom~n Ag ai~;t Violence Act 2016) 0

u ,,.; ~ ~ lf., L ~,"'-:"'It~~,. 20·16 Jn j 2 4 ?-LLf(,).&a?f,.j,;


. _ -v1J,z.1~t.,.,6;: 4r-t".f6",l..1,l.;,IW,_;L.J1/J l}c.J',;:--'f-k0~ ~ b..6°
r
L.,..64 'i'-_t'.f I)__; t; 1./4 J~ ~ ( 1.7. J;I/ J l?o / V' o.,'J ,.,6~ '-:
-·J..,,f,.f/.~.1,,t.fl¢,J°JLv,J.t14-J ~.1,, J ~~,Sr): u t../.1 ~,
{\mplement.ation. Meehan ism) .J (..z.!) (.n l.1JJ"
~;~J/Ju.L~i...i1tvit.J'£ ~ r),j;,,.iJtJ#LJPJ,}t.f .:;.,f. v!dt:J~·
.fyJ..$,,...;,.:..t;~....
.,
. 2,.
v- ~"" .,;;;?JV J ~,~ LYl
• .r" ••
:::..1. i.t i:!' j I,:.,~ v' _ J.t1 if.I ,/'t
·•

J J. ~p. - ,_ ,rt. , . . ..
. . . . / .. .
J '"",
.
•~ \)~ ,;/. j>J:',vu~,.1,1L~.1~(~,.tt.f v,;:--,=-L,G.1)(G'~l?LI/.
'
. . _ J'..).t1/i'..:.- 'dj
. ,. . . . '· ·. • . -.~l.Y"'Jlr-.1J°'~(lct1}.,J.l?-11J,iJ..6° -f:l
.1,JL.irt> v, 1 .• • 1•u~.1i!I~};,~., •
L~".;;.,.1,?fcJ (J:Lr!.L ·,; l?oJ,iJ.P
,. ., J;,1- .
..l<y
~
11r::a £Pi3t11Ci39
. • ,J,JJ1,r'tif-1.JJ (o~/~r
J,;~~t.1./Lcr-fJvf41.1~ud~lfui4rJ1~~Jlvifv!~u1i *
ifriJbif-> .~~ ,.,JJ> '( (DWPC) ,J,!:,./,;t1}p;ji?-i.JJ (DWPO) :01
' -~~L1.1:IJ',,}.:;:_,;.6°ft-~
~ ... ., .
.:-L.,iv4-..,jLd}ft-?i~i.tA,vlf.Lv( ~e::ftr~4'..wi.1l~tdJjJ~ *
J1}vlf.frio,t,1.;L/ 1043)/.o)Jeo~(lr.:;:_~:/.JjJ~=-~.fvlv.,!--"'.i-''.
fJ(f(Helpline)~/.JVJ:dh:J}~_,,.';-,~.1/fi_JJfj~~~_;u;L.,p
. ~~l.1b11..,,,_L~f(,}.:,.L.,ivJ'
(;,,IJ.tlL~~(?J, ~)fa{' ( Helplinel-i! £
·4-.1J La7a1;-! (sMs)_Lt.f,,.!~r~uf~.l~,,ctJ,~{'·'nt ..v_A,~
. _,e~~~,.J ~vf1v,lf
<-/ lro,f t-7 v~ Cf'( L.11 f J..i;;,.;1~,;1/,J)lJl(liJ. UvL ~e:J'~,;:-'J
.:. ? f viJ""~ ( ~ j~ ~Io, 1./.t.., '(ft ( ~,J ~ ,, -r- cf 1},...f ~ _ ,.f-_i.;1-,J;f'~ 1/. £.
(.,.-6,,,f7 Jj 'o'iJJfi ~ v'-'f-d'-~ (ru;,..1~4--J,,.i;_;J,J;i!. f12L~,;
Li:-J~Vl01Ji?d'-'-fd,i;~~f~L~Ld
. .
l.1,l'-hl..A.IOJ,;~r, -
1
;· ..• •;;z.· • • --• c.- ·~- •
?... ~::··:.-#··. ,.,·: •~ •. • •• • '
,: :._-·:,
. . .. ... ·:·~::~·
.,. . . . .-7,,.,_ri.::, ~
:l-1, I -
IJp, V 11.,.-J~-li'-:
, • •
1'-:r

.,.2Q16J.n)24 (..:-·) y2015(5.1.,)4 (JI)


.-2016d1s (J) r2015&.,A23. ((;;)

. :u.r Ji:Y.1'6:;J.)~Lw-LJ1}0J)JP *
_tf~.1{.1/v:'{{8787;:'SMS (JJ)

_tf~LroC;tJ!Jt}LJ/...fV'.,.,ciJl~I (..-: ... )


_tf~.,1..4,1J~.1,1J)ir,J~.1jLJ1}L.l,.~Jy.,fiJl~I ((:,,)
-(VV~~~P . (.,)

·- ,,
:LJ: 'f'~(lrJl}L.1/.JyJPJl~I1:.r
.. {tJ~~ . c,» • • t
/tit"
• ••• •
(JI)

. ' ..: c»
:t.tJ .
.r.tiJJ-
·~ (c,)
...
:~J--~)1(J,.6j,.,J
' . * .
('-:")?,-.1jLJ.1} (JI)
(.,) ?,-.1j£..~1 ((:,,)
'. c:
. / j; 'i J't.)J i.:.t.)! '-:". 'i'T *
-Jv14L.?u£J."1L)'
...• . . ~- .
(Ji)
· · ·.;.;~·~J·ti~ti!·31f),l.;J . c '-:")
-Jv16~L0£J.1_;1LJ Cc,)
-JL--16~Lu£;J.1.,11a4-Lu/;J c»
;'reC1rl{J~1~L~.11
T
.1J.::.,~#L.,.;S J·,.,;;:_!.(tHelpline

1-r
1043 (._.) . 1023 (JI)
.

1010 (,) lfl68 (c,)

===

.• ,J.,~~·.;?.,# • 2
.r' (" • •" " ••.
-V.::.,..,~~-:.-IP~f'-'· ,.$,J'tr' .JJI J..$ . ·{;.:(
f~i:-.,v,;~.,,,~ii;~,JJ..ciJ.UvL: ,.;,:~'-,J,tJ.UJ-,....
' • ,'
. ""' - ~;."-.:
_ftA 4-y;l;)fo,;(i,,,(f.,J:.,.:6 '31.,J tr
fv.t z...rf,z~ . :~!r:),(dL2016~1\-'?Jtt-~~-:--lfr ., .
_(;,,~~Ii:~~
-~f't,,~J.~v:.i.Js~.w,c)ijr~r~if(~Jl,.,/.r,JY' -3
c.1...f::i(L_IJ,J• ':i?'L,.J5J,~ -4
-v..1'cJk:rv.rVJi;,...;(.)~LlL,2016d1JJS(.),.,;~-=--'fi -s_
v:.f'~:w,,~v.r/-.::.,~J('tJ,:)lcJlv-~';L,"'Jt:v,A1..,;,, .. 6
~ ~.,
-~ .. -~
, f&!J ~~
• ..
~{(L/!1J1+a.d,4-JjL/L('i.1,;-..(ivJ1,~-~t-r.c...-?,ifvJ1,J~...[,J-1
c:...~Dr~,jj,1pZ fEct,JL,-:,,r;;"_,Jb(.,.t,j.. ..:..u,1L (;)J..J/ /::"{ .1}(~-v.tLJ1c)i:iL ._{;
~L-=--L~J~,L-"';. '1£f.t ~"/J(,L~
J~J..::.,trJ"'~J/vl-==-et~~,/.-~V(~.i" J',)

..
-~J1;,rfc.....!.dL0f?0Lm?.Y-LvJ1,J..Jr..t,fi./

).JJ.J:.~~Lu/r ® tJ1v,··tfy.1,1..J;.io.1y-:.t- ~
J.1J.J:.~,j.. u,J?..1,!J{ .1}Jt,;l,)!~,1AY. j' (Ii·
• · tic)}.:;...i.Jl")r"lJti.J!u'.1~.J:.~ ® tyvlJ.,l~J'1/"k ~
· lil'A ,J11.t,.:.,i.,}'oJ:u,... ,;LJ/iJI-/.,JN,j., Lt;tftil<i,11,if,jj,i}J
•• • .• • . •• ., ,. ' ,!

--ii/v?.J1.1}t;;...J~i.tJ!;liiPtf
,i,',Jj~~ ~
-~/--:=L,,J/("-.J{ cj
-~f-i~J.:;...~)~1/,_i,tfo:,,(A'"-/o.;.d./,Lj~...;~ ®
-lf..JLr.,:,,;i'jLu:u/L.1i.1-u.,/ ®
,1,;J~.1,1,.f1;.:;...S.)6~~k,)~(luut~?.Yfi~.JJl.1.tlLU.,/ @
-1.1.- / "-,,c'I' /'I' cJfd:,,L( e
-u.:fJi.,.:.,1,.1~,JA.1,1,.;_.(~L)0i;2ZJif.1J/~J' J; ®
-'=""~tn0:fei1J1r.J~.:;...,_i,(.1J{f.{L/.J; tj
-v..!Ji,..:.-1( J1,.A.1,l~,J,/."--4:1~.A (I}
-vfi.!u~'f {U,[)l:,1u,;1w i}
-~J~1.1i;rJ~i.,eJ!.,,!.f ~,,
~

You might also like