AF = dei tly | +421 In Covtesion Qoxcinate.
= In Sphesical Tol
‘ dé - dé +¥dod + sinodph
>In Cylindrical Gorelinate +
dd’ =ds$ +sdpprde? |
x Velocity +
= . . ne
P= 4B. ahs Gf rzk
> ’ Oy
Ve de = 8 48D vam $F
v= #- abt spe zz
Om Ee
X Kine Energy
ke bits bm (ata 24)
a (ay PO? 18 00 p *)
ke 3
€ k= dmg ts spire?) Note df a particle bs moving dn a plane), gral
force on it da always dlivectee! fowmvde aq point
ov partie wy attached te 4 oink by a Ste
Spsing oe vod thon ‘use ff plore Sper
folas is convenient.
> A Gse is net go fn a peone then we Con
Use Cardesion.
> flane folay -
we semove Z fo Coline ttcaf
Crorelingte System tla we é pl folar.
# Hono to write Ke. fr more than ow particle
Cases &
1. fist Pethed = More Creneval [Teted.
Ke = Sm Gr ea) af melee Git 2s )
9. Seand Method :=
Use Syperposit mm method to caleulate
Speed ef Becond particle if Speed 7 pst
particle we aye. (ese hheneval) ,
C Use mostly ( motion in ont pl J c lised Goosdinale - ‘
* renevval . b Independent Coxclinates(uiris
chosen to simpli the. problem.
Nolation = 9; an '
Du be;
045
brenevallised Velocity ©
dg
= In Segsangean fomelatien a and qe ane taken Ye
be Independent while solving Hee ieee
Before Fee fas been
Solved!
Aftey peblem wy Selveol Vil bey aes
% and % may turn cut
to be dependen4 Cactua tty ). ¥ K.E. of Pouble Fondulum © Maer ft me
De we freslom of Systems NN k
N=Z% ,c=2, keg
f- Nd ~k
f gir cA x
LE]
renal Co-ordlinales ave $ and f,-
Leg , d= of, Hing §)
i. = Ly sim, go heh
= herp pdeted, ody = — [040 gf rde inp fe]
‘, a L) nf, thing: er [hss gi peed GT
lle wile KE. Ye By stem by Pivs} methed -
i
!
i :
Ary
po yee
}
on
/
Kege= Som(ehe§) tym (Sr #)
Fo kes Sm Lal gt 4 dm (A deg + Meh ot
do I" afm rey tyre + my Une th if eabttootd)] | as pecond, [Te ethod
» Superposition Method + —
[P= 28 +e¢4] rasa
v= oF lige,
[oa aa)
Molton f Mo. clepende “ uyen
Motion | of m
1. wt
2
B KE. fm, = dmy
| 1" @ m A |
= tmJ, ¢ |
9
Net velocity 4 mM, = Vvraue +2, Vo C9 (4-4)
do KE- | m= bm (rut velocity)*
2 ele
ke. { To gm [are thd, + thle fy ht]
as a tm, (a $ ahd ahd e dol #1 Whe ob kG.
Fe 5ysens
4” (elegy ala ge A] o x Lageengian ter mubtion =
Qa baised on lewiny wo oppreaches -
0 BS D'Alembests oem, 6
@ Princip le of virdual ie (Baise 0” Physics J
D'Alember}'s conse f converte Bynamie System
into Static System « by assuming a Fevese Pree.
hee
>.
fFem@ro
police eee
Poinciple of Vivdued WWores-
& fit <0
-@ Varia tion 7 ( paropk k) Agpsvach “= [Baisecl on
Mathonode
(Berivatten a aaa “4 n), a tmactres |]
Fiction (3) = fea alynamics of system Jb
suth that aedton ct
Oxtve mum
; tonly Lod
= allowed In whteh Ae §820 € Conditten fr extremum |
st =0 [ Conoliditon for extremum’)
“Ftks gives as! Lagrang fan's Popo bion
* Lagvenges' Equatten i
Firs} firem * 2 ( L
Ohi
Toke
Qs Chenevactiscof fete (2! Uncluces all frees
excep) cons trarnd Geees )
x Cmsteaind Sercee de
Sowces ariséng dur to
Some constraints ,
Fame le & Normal seation, ension oe
Perm ~Ceoetton i arised
N
olin sbyect oF
te sktde clewn ona Inclined plory .
Ho oles to Canfacd between Yu
incdined! pulsme Sua fy
wrlece anol He
Object Leben “ © oluecel
Ye Norrmod rene ttn
Rayaness ex Second _ tere Me
pe Lagrangian (st treducles these
ces whieh m
Blential tereagy a i
Enerty wat ten, ) :
; ® or Gnstractive system (ronosenic System)
ob ST
dt a (e ae WW 6 \ (tronegente System s
tho} ala
cre ay
X Kedation between Qe anal F; Cactuod frce's Gm
jes mee or mt nol be Compo ns wl aetual
R= Efi EP ve
Ye
‘ Qa,
<¥ x “Redta tt on df Farle force and benewalised
goienital = eed
“ Som AS
L /Ree AEE)| | Pato
“ ont ti 2 wm
© Generel sed fre nay “{ or mery vot oe
© be unt SY actual free. | Crrvesgendence blu Qeand hi -
ermapandence
" Prvelue’ andi An Bas oltnun ston of user « Al thous é
wT ee mony pot Rave olimensivn 7 -Aagh
fachal cule) ne
actu tovdtnade) ou fa, Cactus? topooty)
(rate) 6 ae Cough)
wey Volume fi (Pressunc)
Versiable) Ch bro
seme. t
x Geneve ised [omen-fam.
d (2 \- = Mi
Ge) ii, pent
[py 25 / P= al,
oe .
Jt mow or mony no? depend om 9 and be
db:
34. = Onger may oc mary nol be epee de gro:
OP -o ot oy not be quel Je sere ,
Mi
Pp rey oo Ty nol be Ganporond of acducd mermndum, €
&
fh Pe
However pocuet_ be and fe ahweus
=
eohreh Gmpernd
a wnservorl, "4
Sele Laat ty tye Pei g”
ZTE TE £T Sin $)-
RE NSInG Gogg ; 4. ESing ang
Leolwmp ee
x {% wey
dimension 0
meio momentum.
(aeduce) ©-erdinale) © i Jul
a (20 momentum)
Con le) 8
f\ — be Can ubenr momentum)
cert dess
QA3 Peo
Be cakysry za
x angler ‘momndy
2
[ otyty 28
2
J
Zr¥Gse
ote, 2 og ‘J- | Sinko 64% ten
+ 7G, %9
= ml at ee orga. . _ J
4 PES ~[8eao.
ol of wi ot pL f Joe 6 Pe
— ptie)- 45 Lael Toy
my — a 2
[mee +5 Bro h aes
#)
. oer cate’)
iter
fe Cyeltc
pp Conger st x Cyclic Coordinate ignorable ‘wermovadble Csosclingde >
a Jey se does not olepend| 07 & Coord)'rate
thon Hat corelnate os Calleo/ Celie cvorvhina le.
ee Rr a porticle UW moulin in g-p spue
Cm. 2) —
-ffas Saye fern
L fe Wye ive] rope STR
2 = Chie
Ne weed fe Bey the
x Consesvation theoxem | Principle L
Ay tla system ey
Conserv Vo tive Cimenogenic),
aval can be wed Hen fr of free
=o
tt (3h) on
tf Le; wy No fineste (4 gi (Cyelte) brenevalised monun bum covveaponcling Con jugate) te
cyclic generaltsee! copyelinate Conserved,
Af wo ow cyclic Han ay Cong exec! or if
$ (in spherical polar Goorelinate ) eyelrc flan
¥y = Gmstont. f Fy = Lz }- ,
Carl Ho inger
In abivech oy ¢
em
* Problem ‘Based On Lasrrangian Je
L= T-v OL
Equation of molt = 4.) vr
f @D Simple Fenduhim =
“ @ Wale Lagrangian In. terme ¥ % Borlinate
daken as~ shawn in ):
Te bm (2g)
We 4
Reve ve Sign Gres becor
i of ah Sel Hu ve, creme | - Here 4 on eo neh Gee
> ba a nol Gnsexveof.
To kno whether by Sy Gnsevved — IW nod
we must aapve ss Loin teems &
( decor y wy also changing ashen andillan moves)
=> ts penctulum oseilates In x~Y plan only
Bun 2 Componan t+ aA Cewrel nate am hob cha
At am nol be consleleweel 2% 3 oy cyelte
Po) conser veal, ~ % imple Yendulum fn terms G Cordinate
\de use heve plow peer Cooseliinate
E=o
P AA
4-98
Ts 3 (874 3p")
S= te Gulont ws S =o
0)
T= dmlu’xo7)
Ve wad 3B
£ 5 ene ae
: _ L= Lm(sRe )t mpl eee
€ Equa hiv mo {ton — Bo nol oyelt'c
o} cmgulon ro nentader
d_ u“,') OL . ) bn Sev
3 (ee ak =O A nol Gnrsentyd,
¢ {mJ79) mol $mo-=9
mi®@ + mafgne =o Q. f smple perclutam Consists a gmall bol of
=~ masse ‘mn! “spend fom lig WA soe ng
a th with spe Onstank?. bbde
Log sang ton ‘oy Hu Sy Stem anc! og" molten
CSA *\ flown (ao Coordinate (0) moe lyrel
sleng an Af Spring ae
Sel"
Gse ethin
dt not oa Vertical a
oscillate iy
wg Veg '
polaner Sct a bien 1 :
Lo mn
To dm (yh sen
dean
Ve mavose+ 4k Cy-s)* Mon os
L~.T-V
a0 Lh [%-,
Le Ault “178 2) mp 648 oh i)
pera of potin
~- de 20
olt (35, oti
4.2% O, =9
ae See OB
AY 8G, Si 4 y, o Og gue 4 on ~~
4 (2) ~ dL Lo
ae Lod dr
4 try) ~ m1 BI O04 K Oya)
GB ~ quatim
OL
LV 86 0
2 G3) 30
ol [r*e) + mas Sno =O
at
Beh b + OB 4 QvBnd~o
drvide by &
can ae ones eaenm |
NET 28
BOA He particle ay ety
AAAS wry de HS. eg
Elongation. ree ao
ghily alisptaced alg.
e motion .
G « [Dorey
fice PED
b= Teyv ;
=-d ’ ley . Lom @——+ x
G am pk) et
KE 1 pyaar Cgucrtin 4 motion Here jG ="
ot
an)
od cm 4] pen(vaher- 4): Vers a
SD me yak Vet) Lo
{hear
Smee enfi> Juve
2% | may ake fp ~ The
2 8 sere fro Leg] ce [ots
rep
1h,
tom!
> ma smafp- (i- 2.)
HF 5p Mess System © a
Rese along alte ce beseekoor ee a
bec ae 7 ieee
fuse, te arin felawoel i
escilatt on snallel (re ebmge tiorer|miam po BH
je is Yer wt re (conte oa
$e Legmal- ake oo olislacenen frm mean posi ‘
Equa tter motton =
Fl 1 -2k. 6 4
a au au
_WVewhicul mation.
aways
e ste Spring obra lef
Le dev Bam co) a the v
res ravi tadyenad
+ grat ee Shy
pase 7 LE ell
mn ys bara;
Vz —mgn rs k (1g t1)® | (on
ea f
Conseation
eee oe fm MATS K Mot) “]
Cgtempes anna]
Zuelin of molten” —
#[)
“= Peg tk Klute) =
[ET eeongi ia ss] 0 At eguilé byrtwm positter -
mg = K*%, —
fn OD od®
Eq It bee posite,
aw olispdace mu yt fom yon, pooten
Note + u
for Sprin pase € oa an
mat ini bead Ons ition ante stu ta Honal)
oentea ene rs alse w +
aprin Vien? * Gt one
yer 13
QO A ferdiele aT in a potentted -
- a 2
Vemeyzle ateaty 2
dy tar by awolle Ye Com onnd of angulacr
prone term tan which Onslor| ov Onserved
@) bx ® eT © be (a) Plone y theee .
Se) Vet eg te cl Leeprengien tn sphvical pele
Coordinate -
TV oe
Le Tey —_—
lie 3 m (i 2 7° yn % t) - [so ey
so ae ysneG $y Cs cosine Senp ) Z=TUG,
ee f Sa net Comin g in lL. so $ cyclin
=
be Ly Omsewed. jy Te Le Gmsesver | m * Lagrvar "50 yian_c of z tem om __
-
find eg? Wien
gel? 0 fh ae os ;
— (a) - “aan
a (é") ~e i
olt stpask]-e J
4
a
=
ae
a
S
=e
e-,
o Q if fen? [ful ¢ dot flo)
ne e {ey
(eee, Sue
i
op ft) 2 WHC
(au) «ke x Logeangian Dynamics :
Sphesieal flax --oxelinale '-
ie dm (52 O42 sin% #*)
In Cydia C-crlnoe -
To gm (e537 4 2%)
Cline falar -
Te dm (77% 6%)
Fhe mes surface of
Mg A particle e ie] ved moves on —
“J inyerted Cons lf belf verdex angles hy
tevomdltnale org felon os genevallsed cain : bee
Kystenm parliele
"gphesi ceul ? ar (ya, )
9-4 1 pzo
§ 20
Lev
x
nn ete
[Ena m (v7 Sint ¢) _ mrt]
elgg ny
—y
acte
Rl
SP dn Uidinolerce! Co-ordinate System
Weel tn rey apttestion Uy =
Gpdin rice Coordinate (S:6,2
dan% = =
S= Z4enx ¢
& = Flare
L=T-v
Le gnl® eS “f 42 4)- (a
L
[eae mz 2 op® tA tZ Yan’ f° + x oe ange |
eee eee ee
at bent of mew ve Soles olomg a wire ie Dn Verticad jl
as Shown tw hs Ae ah of wise
Yakut, “Segre gq te Perlbes — 9
)
hagvangran of bead
° j s 2Aam
to s” (9)
Le gm (ata? > 04
Ret
ata ( a
/
|...
Lisite qpuation 7 mp ine
(Bz) Ae ve
fm % (lists) ] ~ 4.2 ne + Longa & EG)
x (1+ 4¢a%s") + ater ® IRE Angas -»
& (tata) 4 gn mutt gp dmg an zo] Nele2 a Lagrongion aw our written ak: any
°
Instant .
wie velect ty does net consider:
_ ingen
Ag
=
i
sy
Elite <<" q mettor *
em equation a
mu ~@=0
ve
a ©
ee
| ae Gns tard
a equa ten > oy
2)?
mn jreqee
mesg)
ase
fia] A-\o
ok
ale gmt yy? 6")
2 =mehs 3 K( ye 2R)>
Use Sne vile
Rofo
Sin@ Sy (n-20)
Benes
ad Sin ge gor
Ye ARGse
¥ 2 9p 8in0.6
R= Rlos 26
= dm Wave?) ngh yk (v-2R)*
ee ey)
= am( LR’ Sny. 6% 4 (m4 Ros ae]- 3k (286s0-24)*
+ 4*Goi6-6*)
. 3 m [ +n°6 h (mga Cog 20) "3 i (Pe Coae +R
OR“ Gee)
4m (ae *)+ mg hGaae ~ 2KR C570 A a ree
dmreG* + mq Ror ee - LKREG to anh ake
i"
Sam kG? — AUR? ( (Cox 6)? mg KOs oF
ee Bs a. In pre Vileaed yeas ben
= Cguattoy he,
of ho eacf fer small value ¥% 6 t 9 a
Q dee
Ye ad,. WF Ho
ad 6 + Be =o
ae £m foe 2 R* (1 bro)? + mare Ges 26
Le 2m 25 Ne mmp h Gr £8
wt pak Mee
datas} * ap *°
] gmk O + mg» 2% Sin 20 ro
mr* 6 + 4 mgro ro
= 4
amet (8 t a) =O
D+ Dero
[Pree Sos “aK df the sing & setated with angular Speed
dé Shown 7
Abu : p
lalnfte an Nan
=
One xo J
Ea ( My
abeut “eaxrs (on sphervant
tos by
¢ meepoesents “yo tation
&é Cafinalrtee! ee oyel'nafe )
Im ( ae + os snte ¢’)
a ~
7
[rea atv? 400 * ey ‘seo
A-to +
Bil A bead pee oy shicling m a verti?
aon Jedp ¢ vacliue . Fy loop ys mlaled wil
Sharon jy MN way Velocity co abad 4 vAngenbial axls
™m
Wire Lawiangtan 4 ie loeao! 1-9
Sol?
= Te ry 16 sity ¢")
Ve mah = m9 RK Sin (4-26) Use sine hale
o
Vie mae Size a ~~
‘ (2-9) Sn,
. {v= £Kane]
¢ rW, y
Y= Keg
z
Tedm (+ 8% te 6s gp “Sate. 6? 7K Sinko w34)
T: dm l(one + opt Sn Foc)
Le yey
x dimple fendulum ia
Osc'llations
Is ty pean.
7?
Lf mute?
a Spherieal “Pendulum .
csclllabian 2s nod
Plane o
Breed € ten oy oxeilla tron 6
Ose
abad~ z~cn's }
Syhrical olay.
ee hee SAN a
20 (Re, ‘a / {
n& (6 UU tl gnte 1) wolae I o ~ yh
[bdo Se eh mad “| na,
K A thin ved Suspended fom om enol
x A ved ds Suspended fom» middle [fee te wolate
in any criemtatim ) > dre,
Kea =p"
Io
; Cent ve ¢ 4 fet moving hee)
ct a PRE) Gags 98)
. ne té *y sito) |
7
a tary eed Sel!
ef flere O and f
dedh veniable
oe AL plow peley
(ord ina le
Be \ia” WP eer mae: |
=
L >} ra (4% youd)
neg”
a Pk) Se?
a oe
a —
my = my w= oO
ee 2
Yow YW =0
pew )y =o
a eots 5 tt — _
ponte Be (0, . HAAN
2S) Lagan L
Gis) ki 7 ita of a aysten eh be qa bat than
ey) w= qt teat 4 C3 () ue cee
te) = CBin( Crt tes) Lae
: -
wn tol) x=¢e "Sin (Cobtes)
Se ey uechion 4 motion -
cd fd
at (3) ake ae
Qa % + Ghar
at bace
MT a 50
‘Yeots = 2k | furely SN) eh
| ax Sin (be) |
gee
Q.opnet Jord Dec.
“S"
SLs bank te
R ba Integrate a
Feu tren ¢ modrare
me tbeo
K--b
ae, 4
ate m oy A planet mass‘ rrevelves armund Ho
Sun miss Mtn an ellizhtee! orbit.
It mo 5 phew! Confined in gut ple,
hegreings an % Hu System uy -9
@ 4 (4% 986) 4 Gin o
=
© @
en
— +9 944 a in
le F m(Y * ve *) aa
V = -GMm He
>
ee to ——
22
y rpovtzental plan
W
sl Ee uec tion of cuvve
SO
S = olts} along Case.
L=Smvt —S my gm oe
™ 833 4 poslitle
Cer Siecdo)
ds. 2 xd
at
& Gn previous question poo ws
tegen mn on 6 Cw-ordlnate.-*
Zo)" a
=a
VeIray
L= TV u
212
=ima mgarcr
Lg @ + g° @
plete!
t
Mass “W) moyes
verte! wri'le
Verticad
flow.
\
tstde a
bowl Jy tte Borlace + fu bul Ai gtben bay
Wa cypalin 2 = da
awty _
ida ow a Catay'), when ays a Cons hens
oangian a on prviele ae ey
4 2 a
Z° 3 a(x +4 )/
a =Cmstant-
He Ge-crdinale 15 net
given Se we check
lthrch Ce -cxolina | te system
we use —
thn we Gee option we a Jusea! whether od 5
Sphorteal ple polar of cybinelrical pe Gover dinate -
So we chee oben tral energy in beth wey jon
Se identify fbx Co-ordinate aystem
Oe
ve myz
= fr zm gree oe J ret match
Lidether wwe chek oz =ga(ntig’) given
; a 7 MW Ig ule me Wine Ce J
begat) “a riety
A phich also mismadeh-
Be tke cheek in cplinalienl Co-ew oby'ne fe
Vein @ ms werd
+ Yer Son
m9 pax?) zee
ti én ‘
match wh 3 opts ,
Hee otis an Indigent “l 2 & we tve
jo wemove “Zz: To dm (Fe r2 gp? +3*)
ia sday®
2: avh
Te gm (at Pry avy?)
[7 -3m ( ¥°C 14 ay?) re)
Inne ata teen aa geste eee ae stent
Ls TV ; .
: 2
beg [eile 48) og many
Nal aac ee
€
Hite tu ss" of a) 4 Ve two Mage.
EY Dore g
hegth 4 String 4 anghnt. 1 i therdens’b le
\Ada Oe Gstaad c eng h pshing = J Ve — Mg 4 7 mye we
an -d-7¥ Os yy eed
at
2 a [bre mr ® $1” ‘8 ‘Jt mq [Laayenyee|
at
olin,
mM )¥ +19 - Meese samy” =o
Tf h vee Mm ~ & Two particle connected by a Light ver).
fasticles ave donstouined bs move abng wo
A Sines . dy ¢ iy genesalel Co- orclinate
thet oy KG. “ ne System.
Se”
seri] |
1
fron &
. a eS q > uy 2 toad
‘ je besg a4 =a Sin
8 hes aly *& Small Oscillotion +
Nes ma) Medes :
At
OX Spec f f -
ostillation in whieh — a) a - ¥ r
oscillates with } , Pe
ss tno
rniing Freguoncy % Normal medes ©
7 Hos, obtained! ;
Spee tino
ame
by aalving flong ma tet
a celery
[V-oF | =O
6 potentio!
ilheve y 4a mahix — obleinweel fom Manele ene y
T : , 9 kinvediic Y
A
Te obtain Viwe ake Colt; cients In PE
onl ° og; mn PE
pg RM eh | ta
' 4 ny W€.
B Too masses Comectedl by a Jyh spy -
messes are fre to osellla
As
__Fefreeromefin]
find fq ¢ Mermeh ynocles.®
(onguter) Ree
Sal" DoF = @.
let % amel be oligplacemnt of ny Ono] Pre
fer thety mean position
- ye z
T= SMW +H Myhy
-o, os
2% {™, HM) Eng Mas)
5 A Heve 2 4 } (olea-
cot m, oO ve 4 no} Gnsioter
bebor fs cancelee/
6 or out poly.
Ve dk faye) ea (ear mye
3 \ o } ak 1 Ne ! 2)
V+ alka ae kag
& f-f Kk -
~Kk *
Secular Equa him -
Kaye, - Ka )
A a
Jv- otf]
w-mw? —k
£Oo
HK Km we
(K-me (home) ~k 20 EK (7) Fig) w+ mpmatot _ oA 7
* [~k (™ ern) HM to |] >
2
Wo=o — > Wo
wt KO th)
= a
Mere -ve form
Wet
a a ew) nek Consoles
1 ie) betoz po “never
wyative
mM 2
yt Mo,
ele dl? ys tem oF sipilly pred than
are preg ames ot + be er
& | ky ke
t
10 eee ot
af %, anol 2. an aispface men fom men
positrons,
te fma etn ce
a a
vc 3 Kya + 4 Me (mana) © Ss
As
a
SS)
eo
——
7 = | Ktke ~k,
- Ko,
Hele. © df we ane @ ave involved Ino quis Hon
ten do Cabeulerbe w
we wil consider ,
x 7 tee coselinates [ “€ had _ (0) any
Co-orelinates So tat te “hee «hwo
. Game dinanston: Co-ordinates — hove
* Nppvoxima tim ©
m9 Gro = nad (I- a*
26 Gre ~
: “20 (1 . for Small oscil
7 = apg _ z 3 very Srl)
te nO!
+ £9
; & Bloc Can move ward and backward ard
ferdulum Ga escill ati ‘4. bathe 22) ay
en fs Tt
‘ ——_ - rode a “
& 4}? ® CE xo
. — rr a rs
j H av
e ! 0. 2
e ! an Teg met 4 wL8 (Us 2848 oun J
f Srall ggcilla tore
T= fd [mst*+ m l4*4 Ud) 2% Mes]
% > fest @ovdlinate
doe - Seconol G-oxelinate-
+ e (" "|
™m m
Yeo - al ese
> -mgl ('- 2) eng +3 ng! g*
« ~ mgd tZ mg (t0)*
TT
& y . ° oO
y [ ; 1)
Se Saver Spuatin - w°( pte)
mu
ates me TB
wt (mam )ys (ur ¥) - wt =
we [cata (w?-2) — ani? ] 0
]
Oo Vas |
ff po
( oo thn we get result of Simple
ae
/
& & bl yite + ane] v,
|
$ m[l6,)% bol (obs (06,)° aa -
- + 2(N6, 7 (48, Ne S oO]
é; “ gms® Ue 7
. md mee . Oy = first Ce -onlf nade |
By = Seon! @-aveinade, °
€
aA € Ve -mpl G6, ~ingl (04 6, + Or ®)
= vamp [a%o, + Gu 8 )
amyl [af ) eB)
v s-seb +5 [amyl 6) 4 mal & |
y 5 Rmdg °
0 va) €
g
&
€
tami} tenion Dynamics
fl -ransi ten fer ha ran lan [unctien to
Hamiltonian ¢furedion
L Legencl¥e _, H
“Trans {ovmetion
Ngesbi) = ide - & (4:54)
Hari }Jonian.
Jn haamiMenjan — olyramtes Ee fe we taken as
independent variable.
a <0 ; he <0
de dpe
dgi sex
ao may nel be ge
Oi mor not be ge
ofi
dpe Lg, Dt 2G.
tie 8 Sy
& & Yami|fon's Equation of mo ton-
Ay ebsevved — fon -
oO Legonelre “Frans at
i) Ndocr' ational | esi neip le. (ho ey
[Fe |
* SD ynamiec cd 7
A dapetion 2
quanti ty which : ¢ y
ay una thon
d oe 4i\ yj and
dy Hees ey roomie win ait
f= # (iy Ppt)
X fossin's E quo tens af Motion >
AL gues “H.
Sate 4 Change of a + alpmniea V soncde
| .
elt Batt - Shr *
> DB DH 4 a) a
Bye Ohi th git >
-deon — 28 dn, an
24; dhe Ohr dge u
Possion Breached af A
a with YW.
he. Cay 4 ok,
lt UA, xe
. ‘ eno eae
Hy 1 posston's ey of unctten.
i) tf A cbes no! eplell olepends on time. A,
of -
Mi
Me fH]
he [aw]
At As constant
fico
CAH Jeo
Af a quan tit wu cons tent then Ids ens
Bracket with HG pero:
* tention Equelten in desms of possiars
qi ~ Ctrl] bate 2o}4-
Feo Che
oy
Cain] = 2
Che, ¥ na = a
be X Convessin of Lagraneyan (L) ints Hawn’ donian (i
wep $i :
a) Use bi = Bubtitdand flnel 4;
bi
() Use He egy i J 0
t) e A, = OW an Nn :
O vm Le pied od pl ule of f
Single feral
aaa fe =
&
Lot mi6*+ nglass 8 \
}
Saypese 11 given find He | an
Sel" .
= dL = yng?
b, - ee mJ @
6 - be
mo* 4 ea? a
dn He PG ial mgdese
pul 6
st OL
p © OG ;
pe me~ 9%? = a(m-ag)
PL
t m- ag,
be f 12 wi
£ fH Pa -.L = Bo wee +208
‘ pe 4
c HK a —~ J a mo ag
m-ag a ( )
2 L* Lt Be pmeaey
hd a (raty” Lrgmut eV thaw
ve veloct ts
a= Gastant vectors
fut ef
ee .
Sel Som moth mate cel ietheels -
=
Q ~~ a;
> owl dation of.
CB 49 ar bt te co
ok a Sima Yon
q — a
Summa}ton
eves vepeated Inolen Ci) ageued -
(ax b); = eta ay by
Levicivifa Tensor
a
Gigy = EGE)
if dwo index are equal fin & =O
Gr Q 49
ifiiWerccn ea GIRAVHP) BY
Bigs ~ Elng
yas eo
Sign Saty = Sfx
Nao ome
In quas tin <
ie 4 mo * QV; € B= ob = OL
© GS Oy
chevalised
velocity
fi = me 44,
Vos Pinay
~~ a)
He ped -k
2
= bevy ~ s mr ~ At Vy
1)
h = b. (Peat) ae Choa)” ai (Fea)
= oe
7 (r= aif pi ~ 4) ~ (pena)!
( ayn
é (be-a0)*
2am
~ <2
; n- (Pp -#)
. 2m * peme otmnd aed Logeangian ane (oeepencing
Hamiltonian =
@ Free fardicle (Veo)
ty Non- Relativistic +
L= dmv?
2
Ne” or
tii) Relativistic Cage i
Vee mC re — At gives cortect eaepre sso
"8 br momentum .
He J Pett mrct
® article Ga in oleesro mes netic fi (bf)
Electric
W Non~ Relativishe + Lotentied Vector
feten.
L= mv 9p tg | PEW = 98 8.7
: cane ame ame
2 ye :
Hoe (UP -oA) + oe At gives Correct Loverp
ea | free.
W Relativishe Case +
Lo = = ymec® fir & - tet gn
k= JCParyetameck + 96 esa)
a
Le T-V
7 eZ Q
Lo= me” Lye
2
KL = Mec mag? > He
A rva,2 because
not wrlfe loge
If Gr nob give
Coxtect expyessicn Fr
in 2 Ob | WL move momentum
dbe Cy le
Covvect eapse sston f werrinlam.
P< me. mot
bab L = mye? wae
\n V8
a Ic
viet Aasmaan
but PhS Sy hel
Cosvect .
move bs ev “This fe -aePr
et pi
Le (rare ym ~ a (vir ae) arm (Vin92)
= m(Ve- ay) (vp-%e) - m (ve-ay)®
€ ari (yj-aj) =» (ve-ai)®
é . :
gm (viral
¢ & Tsim (vay
& a ®
ge eee fag
— g Hamiltonian of fhe gyetem “I Habe
a2
bh tC Cosh
thi Ob, C ane onstanis nal slo van jant
”
SF Here two co-ordinates ave useol “whith fe
+ ancl 9. So Velocity Coes pending for 7
cinel Orresporahing fo @ 6
ber ¥, 8
oH
os he c Laps
[hee]
Now . ae
O2 DHL ob fy. +8
Le pigs -h
A Ae 2 bh
= fire -abe - bh _ cep
v
fuk Pr amd bs
evi We ee :
ey abode ~ ee" — 0618
a eee
= righ =
L = 40 + FO nemo]
th Oo * Lagsanqvan and Hamid/fontan oF a poticle
: in clfferent @ -ovelinate System:
“O Pane foley (%,0) =
Ledm (yr 67 6%) — RE. term
ne bey
fe t — + C.E.-esm,
~ @ Spherical Polar tia,y'
L= $m (17 26% v2 ssn" $) = RE. term
he Pe eo Le
{= ‘7 te .
“am ame amy Sto re
@ Cy inal eal Coordinate ($ 14,2) o¢ (4,2) ©
L= bm (See stp + 2%) ~ FE term,
z zZ a
Hen eicee , fe b te
LM zZms? i 2m
2 YASH sage wele yop oon of
System ¢ antl owler} oliffewen Hal °4) ,
CB! Urite pamibfo ms Equation g- 2h.
Pe zaps
fo © Bee bene
de
6 2 24b, - sf
a —s first cles dif[/esen pi
p, > bene Eyualon, i/ fel
“be et con
8 second order olf eg” ine pel bh ‘ny Di,
Bava tion .
alld: wr 4 dime +
tre + %” - é 2 zap
@ = Zabsine Al
—— _—— Secon cxdlen
e . =
0 - Zab treo f diffecenttd ey” in 8,
@ \ he
z Hebe
{ 2m? ng Ct-Gre) gira Seronel vole
“(| ey" tn Os
All ©
a 2 z
haa) ,
fp = =p > * ang Far
os Yo c = basins
md
a - {0e
foisson's Bree ket: , f y ee cone
variables -
we fe aU, et) » Be B( Py By jt)
prseton Bracket &
1A}
A with B@ Gy defined as-
Summatyon over
Lb.
-JA 36 _ g
Wh Bp; Oh aire
fepeyer {ots Pud oP |p. Rinna?
1a be] Sy, fap _ PB.
Py
fropesties &
# {M87 =- faa)
i. x { Pi Bic} e {M8} + fe]
Cw {heet= fretes Bf cy > teibnity Iolentty
& x : ;
Mife.cy ys VeHMBIY + fe,he,014 = 04~ Jacobi
F Telenti by
K foisson's Beacke} with angst ‘moran birt
Cay c ;
Deeley ee (Ty, bay 2%
[Paley ee
[Poy ba ie by [bee Ly] ely
4} we septace {$4
b . : Hen Commudaley bracked
[ 4 rly] 2 oO changes into £8. aa
[a, La] £0 Viee versa,
Heve In RB. we can wef fol]
x hrenevell Re tation r
Cay ty] a Fie Mk
, Here si ~vepeated
[rest] Ruste | le pee Bese
f vaslable.
Levicivi ty Tensor.
*X A and &@ ave constant
helt poesion
ro lton,
sy
motion Conserved ) day
bracket ts also ansdant 4
a At Ale ab, + bq, B= ce, adh gin! ts
Vole * PB. {A.87,
Nele* Reve andl 2 olepends upen position ced!
sie co-ordinates So these two ave Apa ical
Wertable- 6, 2fda th
net Fermila 9 (A8e, 5, (38.3%, da 38]
)
. ss +
Wi Yaplabts . ctanthts,,
+ fab, + bear St adh
[ah «bes» % b Teche
(o ~ 4c) + Chel ~o)
bd-ae ay . a Enpdict+ Cod ewla tron af Ta, Ly]
”
Sel
[ay aban Pe) * (8) 2 pam aPe J], tf, chao
n 8 “bay By
= b2+o tony
“2 sins
BA:
2 es
”
BE fay he by
C = 2 PA My Po
Cas WW Pa - UWP,
Cae Mi fat Meh) = [Cy ,C24
© Mit dee LO,0,4°Cq
ty fer ,c, 4 Sele ce fos, ¢, 4 alg
Ce TS PS tenner aut asae]
4 Yan tH Yar tf Tag,
= Pama + M2Pe - P1o- AOE O- 0
{oa.es 4 So B.A tate:
Q-93
So)
Le dmlts® - mat (In oe)
6 $6,642 9 +P hop yet
Gwest 8 Into bo.
{ Stanal- 4 pe Po
mat
jo.6}s jo, By. ts he bo} = hie!
[sed =e lpm
\
aa"
==
Sel” sas gays :
Be Ls Em(itegtya?) +28. (ag eye)
Ce,§]. >) J (xb)
eo~ (4 xe) | tig ache f
= (Va a)
= (PAP) fog
B byte CFL P TY]
STA: , by hy J
2 abs [Lily]
= arke SiyR eK
HU Sie by Lig
= a; Cea)
» BUR ee) «lead. - 2. Bvaluate Ca, ly) = 2 » Chung) 7
&
&
€
€
c
Ge
Cypo - 2hy rt) ak Jury l h,
s p2%o* Zrii + (-py) ko- gre
= Z
E party) >be
fr Pa
[Lardl? zw
Q: Evaluate [P, FL] whut a? + Gnstand veeser
- Ere, by De oy OW Ly I
c 44 Et
= Kay Me
= (aaxY); = ax? Ang
uote _—
& Croll SAF Vb 4
_ Laere bs ba
. Aik obit
< Arby iy
e Ybyal © @P A Evaluate Cyl, IPI]
cae Poyaz®
So [ anatase Rp]
n
&:
a
Se
am Japar C Joy! [ La!
a ba
le) at 2 be fo
rel Py he wt) Cia er)
. bax Obyt Zhe _ Pp
|
yh
. aH BF] ws
SB Af a's meso —ba Sind | py = asinod pute.
duste § f. oe
ev £8. \ “1 Pe Vas be
Sl
— {ates pane
)MINOF by 6 :
4 Th
“ CO AGO + Hn K Snow
= cto + Sito
eer Ee feissien's Equation of Motion =
dA
ge CA ye ah
df A =H
dt
lt | + 3H
Po I
Es - Yt
tf H does nol ole, d
: pends on of erp ith
DH 26 a
de
J oe
rae =o [tls Gastant of Gnsesvecl,
mh
if H cloes not depends on tne a
Hun Hob angerrveal.
: & ss ever
A Reta » io ve ra the Het ontan ped brat”
an Omsle
Big mom ly Orjugele qo 7 ae “ ie i ““ Mg in
( 5 of ete o mrespeltvely, fox wha!
be coh” Ha quentittes (Fue 8y) ound ( Kyte)
s We dC hseay oak (by fa)”
& b. ~byy Py +p, enserveo, 4 C
le Ae p..- 34 it does not depenls om Hy 4
ex plicitely
chap OR
he & sO Boj
t it fs aonserveo!
Soh.
dt
oo CAN ]<°
5 Be b ‘ .
; 37 S41 also tt does no} depend!
om Hme explicitely " mo
So DB .,
ot
& db ,
dt *°
oe [8H ]=0
[rota Uren Cyn) we
> 1 4 “C Jap, =;
+ (3) { Py- be} 6 «oO
So th ow also conserved
6 — \.(hy-b) CS)
> (hy be) (br 3) 20
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