LEARN TO READ CHINESE VOLUME TWO F PAUL U. UNSCHULDLEARN TO READ CHINESE Volume Two CONTENTS Sentence Structures Lesson 1 Lesson 2 Lesson 3 ‘Lesson 4 Lesson 5 Lesson 6 Lesson 7 Lesson 8 The Yinyang Doctrine The Five Phases Doctrine The Conduits And Network Vessels Physiology Blood and Qi The External Causes of Illness The Internal Causes of Illness The Eight Principles Stroke Order List of Characters General Glossary 173 213 250 285 313 iiiLESSON 1: THE YINYANG DOCTRINE Text 1.1 Sentence structures Basic statement Perera BAR Ei zhong yi yong yinyéng xuéshud why? which basic issues? 1, Adjunct statement Chinese medicine employs the yinyang doctrine Oe UREA | BEAR fala Iai shudming jibén went to explain basic issues Be EN yixué shdngde those being present in medicine Ai A RR cénglér chéngwéi sixiang tix) which thought system? 2. Adjunct statement hence it constitutes a thought system Be Bie zhong yi film’ de (that) of Chinese medical theory ERB Bie ta guanchuin gége fangmian it permeates all aspectswhich 3. Adjunct statement of what kind? conforming to what? 4. Adjunct statement ‘what clinical Practice? ai eae PAY zhong yixué —zhongde (those) being present in Chinese medicine Ah, shéngli, wir M Bit | zhiligo hé yaowa déng physiology, pathology, ... therapy and drugs WRT — BE BT WH gouchéngle yi zhéngtto yilifo fangfa ithas generated a complete therapy method (one) conforming BM SR Keguin shi) to objective reality TSMR zhidiozhe —linchudng. shijian SBR it guides the clinical practice OB zhong yi #9 de (that) of Chinese medicine RH linghuéde adapablyText 1.2 Sentence structures t unit of meaning Basic statement what kind of a thought method? a) conceptualized by whom? when? b) what for? what? BAP SR fi — Fh ML yinyéng xuéshus shi yizhong sixiing fangfi the yinyang doctrine isa thought method Yaa 3 (B49) guinichilai(de) conceptualized (one) HA girén by the ancients UO AR MR TP i guanché zirin xianxiing zhong im observing natural phenomena Fl. 89 yong... de (one) being used to explain (something) Be BAR zirén xianxiang ‘these natural phenomena‘Second unit of meaning Basic statement what? how many? which are they? 1. Adjunct statement 2. Adjunct statement 3. Adjunct statement Hw A RM qiin én faxian earlier people discovered (something) HM TR A Jae winwi = winxiang you shiixing all things, all phenomena have attributes if Tiang zhong two kinds IE R zheng fan (those) of norm and opposite et Rt BM i RH zhézhong shixing shi duili ér you tongyide these attributes are antagonistic and yet unified (RAR AE) Ae Fy ay (zhezhing shixing) cinzal yé yiqid shiwi zhong (these attributes) exist in all things (ii A) eT BA AEE idm rén) —chuanglile —_yinyang xuéshud (carlier people) established the yinyang doctrine4, Adjunct statement which terms? what for? which relationships? a) where do they exist? b) ‘Third unit of meaning Basic statement a Hil yong zbége mingei they used these terms BAO yin yang, yin and yang HRB KR \6i daibido guanxi to. represent relationships Bf EHR su cinzaizhede those which are existing —H) Bh yigit shiwd zhong in all things ORY — duit téngyi de (those) of antagonism and unity mx Wy PA, Hh 3% BA tian wéi ying, di wéi yin eg: heaven is yang, carth is yin 1. - 3, Adjunct statement: structure identical with Basic statementHF A ee 4.Adjunctstaement | ay Ne a in addition they used principles a HR ws (HH) ‘which principles? xiingfin _—_xiamgcbéng (de) a) (that) of opposition and complementarity wae duili b) (that) of antagonism and unity why? HORE EE i qh jiésh) —bidnbua to interpret changes ws pee changes? vile shiwn de (those) of all things where? Fai fa yiizhou Jian in the universeText 13 Sentence structures First unit of meaning Statement what does ithold? what? what physiology? how can it be explained? Second unit of meaning Basic statement 7 BUA zhong yi renwéi Chinese medicine holds (something) fig mba néng jiayi SRE jiéshi (we) can provide (something) with an explanation Se shéngli physiology A te rn ti de (that) of the human body Fl PA HK yong —_yinyéng xuéshus lai with the yinyang doctrine te OR ra xingzht shi yt dong the nature is associated with movementfay ‘what nature? ying de (that) of yang. 1. Adjunct statement: structure identical with Basic statement : oe fA 2 Adjunct statement | ying yay engl yang has an ability which RE fs ability? owe (one) of safeguarding it safeguard? mo the body's exterior 3. Adjunct statement: structure identical with 2. Adjunct statement Third unit of meaning Re RK B..H Basic statement diibiio pl mo... déng it represents skin and hair KOR ti bido (those) of the body's exteriory by what? Yi Le by yang. pe where? fees in physiology 1. Adjunct statement: structure identical with Basic statement 3 bing yi BB 2. Adjunct statement wei yin in addition it considers ... as yin what does i ik = & wit zing zhi céng consider as yin? the five depots master storage whatdotheystor? | HL jing gt the essential qi 3. Adjunct statement: structure identical with 2. Adjunct statement Fourth unit of meaning . (BR) HP Basic statement ey a (Chinese medicine) differentiatesm web on the basis cong weizhi shang of what? on the basis of loc Ef WIA. bolt shang jido wéi yang, .. the upper bumer is yang, Fifth unit of meaning: structure identical with Fourth unit of meaning Sixth unit of meaning (pO (zhong yi) ng Basic statement (Chinese medicine) uses (something) what? Fatt shiixing the nature what nature? om yin yéng de (that) of yin or yang FER which are they? phe caimzaizhe (those) being inherent f— hh where? ee i = méiyi chi dou ineach locality 10why? to elucidate what? which qualities and functions? Li eH yi shudméng to elucidate PAH HE REPRE DAE tydude —xingzhi-hé tshiide gngnéng characteristic qualities and specific functions me shéngli de (those) of physiology iWon what basis? what location and nature? what does it distinguish? a) (PB) BRB (zhong yi) qubié (Chinese medicine) distinguishes (something) HE RL A HE génjd. —biwei-hé xingzhi on the basis of location and nature R ja fa bing de (that) of a developing illness # OE i fa biio zheng shii yang the exterior pathoconditions belong to the yang b. -d.: structure identical with a, Second unit of meaning Basic statement insufficiencies of what? 12 te EE S AAR Jinéng — shudirud dvd wéi bazi functional weaknesses often are insufficiencies fa yang de of yangfor example? i > Uh A. 16 shio qi, lin yén,.. ding eg,, diminished qi, slow speech, .. Adjunct statement: structure identical with Basic statement Third unit of meaning Statement what is categorized into four types? namely? Fourth unit of meaning ‘Statement what? Alm 4 fe Ws 28a yinér fen zd sige Ieixing hhence it categorizes (them) into four — types —h GE yibin zheng zhuang the common patho- manifestations ne BA yang xi, yin xi, yng shéng, yin shéng yang depletion, yin depletion, yang abundance, yin abundance 14 PAE gui yang zheng it identifies (something) as yang pathoconditions Fuk N,N. yigie Kangjin de, xingfén de... dou all (cases) of hyperfunction, _of excitement... Adjunct statement: structure identical with Basic statement 13Fifth unit of meaning Fe the Basie statement tuiérz yo wai with regard to the external specialty iE a, i, RR 1, Adjunct statement yang zhéng shi béng, zhong, fare yang pathoconditions are reddening, swelling, fever 2. Adjunct statement: structure identical with 1, Adjunct statement 14Text 1.5 Sentence structures st unit of meaning Basic statement in what regard? 1. Adjunct statement in what regard? 2. and 3. Adjunct stateme: ‘Second unit of meaning Basic statement RH KA HE fenyu huge _gangyao (Chinese medicine) distinguishes six basic categories on) kB ORB a yi mai zhén Adi shud eg., in regard to pulse diagnosis at BR A fen chi = -hé shud it distinguishes retarded and frequent (pulses) t x KX ie ai zhi shiv shang in regard to arrival frequency nt: structure identical with 1. Adjunct statement x # # RB Fe shud, fi, hud. shi -yG_ yang frequent, surface, smooth belong to yang 1. Adjunct statement: structure identical with Basic statement 152. Adjunct statement Bak MF BASE yin mai xian ya yin zhéng yin pulses appear with yin pathoconditi 3, Adjunct statement: structure identical with 2. Adjunct statement unit of meaning Basic statement which changes? to which pathological changes? in what regard? 1. Adjunct statement ‘what does that mean? 16 ath F RF bua shi yG-tbing bian changes belong to the pathological changes ER W shé zhi de (those) of tongue substance MLE HY mudy® de (to those) of blood vw GB Rik yi shé zhén Mai shud in regard to tongue diagnosis & nh 2 & sé xian h6ng jing the color appears red or crimson zi 2 fA shi xud re shit yang this is blood heat; it belongs to the yang2. Adjunct statement what does that mean? a) b) 3. Adjunct statement which changes? to which pathological changes? 4, Adjunct statement & Raw sé dan_hud qing the color is pale or virid Zi @ Ri ® sh) xu xi bud xué hin this is blood depletion or blood cold B BA shis yi it belongs to the yin bianhui = xdbing bian changes are tied to pathological changes =e i shé tii de (those) of the tongue coating w 8 chang wei fy de (to those) of the intestines and the stomach eid, BeWN v3 fa zaode, hudngde shit yang parched, yellow (coatings) belong to the yang 5. Adjunct statement: structure identical with 4. Adjunct statement 17Text 1.6 Sentence structures First unit of meaning ARO Basic statement yong hin (Chinese medicine) applies sudorific patterns when? # 3 vido zhéng in cases of exterior pathoconditions in what tf Ter - ai stiliéo shang regard? ma 2 in regard to therapy 3. Adjunct statement: structure identical with Basic statement 4 Adjunctstaemen | % ®H BX dou hényduylyl all have a significance BAPA AK Which significance? yinyang de (one in terms) of the yinyang (doctrine) Second unit of meaning £8 de Basic statement ahiyto aa the important (thing) is 18Pa ie mW BRO 1. Adjunct statement yang sheng 7 —syin_ bing. when yang dominates then the yin is ill 2, Adjunct statement: structure identical with 1. Adjunct statement gE RH he R Ee lanes chéng hn xian xing doubled cold brings forth heat signs 4, Adjunct statement: structure identical with 3. Adjunct statement 19Text 1.7 Sentence structures inst unit of meaning ‘Statement in which regard? which drug qualities? Second unit of meaning Basic statement Adjunct statement Basic statement 20 Bil LS fenbié a wei (Chinese medicine) distinguishes qi and flavor B te yao. xing (in regard to) drug qualities + Bw zhong yao de (those) of Chinese drugs —e Uo AA yiban yi qi wéi yang generally, it considers qito be yang % BA wei wei yin (it considers) flavor to be yin ma cas bi a fen si zhong the qi is distinguished into four types1. Adjunct statement x Rm BA hin ling shi yin cold and cool belong to yin 2. Adjunct statement: structure identical with 1. Adjunct statement 3. Adjunct statement: structu 4. and 5. Adjunct statement: Fourth unit of meaning Basic statement which drugs? jentical with Basic statement structure identical with 1. Adjunct statement Pa chéngzud yang yao (certain drugs) are called yang drugs BA «19 jhydu... de (those) possessing (something) what do they possess? = HE xin xing acrid and hot qualities for example? BEY, ARE Tae fiizi, rougui, ganjiang déng 1. Adjunct statement fuzi, rougui, ganjiang fie Ft fe itt néng shéng néng sin they can ascend and they can disperse 2. Adjunct statement: structure identical with Basic statement 3, Adjunct statement: structure identical with 1. Adjunct statement 21Fifth unit of meaning Basic statement which ones? which function? for example? Adjunct statement: structure identi 22 th om py yé jo yang yao they too are called yang drugs A fF OS you zudydng de (those) having a function BE ft @ fangxiang ian wei they are aromatic and strengthen the stomach me, Be Se ré sharén, — ddukdu déng eg. sharen and doukow | with Basic statementText 1.8 Sentence structures 3 unit of meaning OH RE TA Basle statement: yin yang shi gdikioxing diiminget yin and yang are general synonyms of what xe > duit tongyi de meaning? (with the meaning) of antagonism and unity which antagonism and unity? iy shiwi (those of all) things (88H) ALA 4% Adjunct statement Ying) Rigi tach (vin and yang) can include (something) ici wi, | af jwhst i it dui, dow all antagonisms which antagonism? it wm Le regardless of whether those of matter, tie AY BB AY jinéng de bawei de of function, or of position are concerned 23‘Second unit of meaning BK FA Basic statement oe f yinggai minggie it should be made clear what should p & aH ee zhong yi yingyong Chinese medicine applies (something) what does BARA it apply? yinyang the yinyang (doctrine) how? pete extensively to what? ¥ 8 Hii y6 gege fangmian to all realms ® BH 4809) 1. Adjunct statement i a aaa dou shi sue zhide all are those which are referring to (something) what do they ae refer to? Cae! facts2. Adjunct Statement which principles? by whom? then what? 3. Adjunct statement which practical applications? by what? when? yao ez Wie lijie ie daoli if someone wishes to understand the principles ial BAH yonydng —yinyéing de (those) of applying the yinyang (doctrine) & zhong yi by Chinese medicine Wwe HE Dixd —tnggud—_linzheng it is essential to pass through clinical (experience) id a stix (EH néng ——_mingbai shiji —zudyong it is possible to understand the practical applications BE ii) sus aide those which are being brought forth BAP yinyéng by the yinyang (doctrine) A A iat zhi you tonggud WE Iinzhéng only after having passed through clinical (experience) 25Third unit of meaning Basic statement 1. Adjunct statement namely? a) b) 2. Adjunct statement when? which fever? 26 fink mR + Tire shu yt yang eg, heat belongs to yang fh AAR din re youba t6ng but heat has di imilarities # 3, bido ii, (those of) exterior or interior (heat), me x xi shi de (those) of depletion and of repletion 4 AR dang yong han fa it is appropriate to use a sudorific pattern fare (in case of) fever alte) yingide (one) being set offset off by what? a) b) 3. Adjunct statement fi A shang feng by harm caused by wind RE ganmao by a. common cold He AB jidozo shiisin this is called dispersion and opening the exterior 4. and 6. Adjunct statement: structure identical with 2. Adjunct statement 5. and 7. Adjunct statement: structure identical with 3. Adjunct statement Fourth unit of 1g Basic statement 1. Adjunct statement 2. Adjunct statement aR OF rm shi ya yang heat belongs to yang RE — Bt PSL zhé shi yiban qingkuang this isa general condition iB F zz blah) shi ya bido shi jiddngde the association with the exte a flexible (adaptation) Pe BY re de (that) of heat 27LESSON 2: THE FIVE PHASES DOCTRINE Text 2.1 Sentence structures First unit of meaning Statement Second unit of meaning Basic statement which relationships? Adjunct statement ‘Third unit of meaning Statement Ee WK KH wi xing jf mi, — hud, ti, the five phases are wood, fire, soil, ... KR FF Bt AH guanxi yu _lidngge fangmian the relationships have two aspects x HF iy zhe wiizhé de (those) of these five (phases) RD “ag AB” SH xe if “xiang shéng” yi “xiang ke” these are “mutual engendering” and “mutual restraint” mE ze RR xiang sheng shi guanxi ‘mutual engendering is a relationshipof what kind? Fourth unit of meaning Basic statement which relationships? 1. Adjunct statement Fifth unit of meaning Basic statement from where? ME BE A BK xianghd zishéng hé zhizhing de (one) of mutual creation and support mo FR # RH WH zheé xiang sheng guami shi yang de the “mutual engendering” relationships are of this kind: Lt pi wit xing zhongde (those) being among the five phases AR OK mi shéng hud ‘wood generates fire . Adjunct statement: structure identical with 1. Adjunct statement ATLA ih kéyi Kanchi (we) can see (something) WK xa nae cong zhong from within the relationships 29from which relationships? what mutual engendering? what can we see? which aspects? literally: 1. Adjunct statement 2. Adjunct statement 3. Adjunct statement 4. Adjunct statement 30 (Grom those) of mutual engendering Eft wil xing (that) of the five phases Bit Wt lidngge fangmian fEfal— renhéyi cach phase has two aspects, A RM RE sheng wo hé w6 sheng (another one) generates me and I generate (another one) Bx Aw A mi wi i take wood as_an example & RH WK sheng — w6 zhé wéi shui what generates me is water REF WK wé shéngzhé wéi hud what I generate is fire take the mother son relationship to explain (this)5. Adjunct statement x A shui wéi = mu water is the mother whose mother? Kz mi Zhi (that) of wood 6. Adjunct statement: structure identical with 5. Adjunct statement Sixth unit of meaning Statement Rie reitwr (Wwe) deduce analogously what? REO F gia si xing the other four phases analogously with what? a ie (analogously) with this (example) 31Text 2.2 Sentence structures First unit of meaning Statement MR KR xiang ke shi guanxi mutual restraint isa relationship ind? AE Ail MR of what kind? xiinghi yuezhi he eee ian zheng in zhi of differentiating pathoconditions and of determining a therapy 68Text 3.5 Sentence structures First unit of meaning, Statement fe x ieee ane chuén bian you bio rd Ii... transmissions/changes occur from outside to inside, ... wisianninon = [EB changes? (those) of external evils which external 5 evils? uh general (ones) KS Hit B & how do they occa? | “ins tinggud jing wd mostly through the conduits and network (vessels) Second unit of meaning Basic statement wh wi Be yi bing ai shud (we) take an illness to explain (this) ich i Ar A which illness? zhén zhong feng ‘being truly struck by wind 69Pee Be iieeea se, 1. Adjunct statement qing 2h zing Ind minor ones hit the network (vessels) aE FL UK BRA, ... 2. Adjunct statement zheng xin jit mimy as pathoconditions appear skin insensitivity, .. 3.and 4. Adjunct statement: structure identical with 2. Adjunct statement Third unit of meaning ‘ Ba & we Basic statement jfbing hui fanyingchaldi illnesses can appear , . BAB which illnesses? ‘ashéngde (those) having developed fiom where? ay i a mei zing from the inner depots appear? oo in the conduits and network (vessels) in which? ed sue shi in those which belong (to them) 70fo it, ob eR 1-Adjunct statement [Fy ai’ in you oe eg., lung or heart have an evil HAUG F Bt what happens? Q@ qi iu ya Tiang zhou its qi settles in the two elbows 2.- 4, Adjunct statement: structure identical with 1. Adjunct statement Fourth unit of meaning Basic statement Bf a iw the qi settles SW a what happens? fre then pain (results) ' a 383) Adjunct statement chéng ké yadio (we) can often encounter (that) IE EF ’ ; ler? linzhéng shang, in clinical (reality) watText 3.6 Sentence structures First unit of meaning Statement one of which foundations? where? Second unit of meaning Basic statement where? with what effect? 72 a i 2 mE 2 jing to shi yaa Zhi yi the conduits/network (vessels) are one of the foundations ne zhongyto (one of) the important (foundations) Te hie Tk zai Iinzhéng zhiliéo. shang in clinical therapy Hel BAK zbénci — hégit xu (we) needle the hegu hole Ft shou shang on the hand fe 38 te De néng zhi yin zhong this can treat gum swelling ...what kind of needling is that? 1. Adjunct statement with what effect? KR BGI dijia —shiixide one being known to everybody Wo eS ci zi sinli xue (we) prick the leg sanli hole fea e néng zhi wei bing this can treat stomach ailments 2. Adjunct statement ie #B 2 (EA zhexié dou shi zudydng these all are effects which effects? i et Gide those which have been stimulated how? tonggud jing md Third unit of meaning Basic statement through the conduits and network (vessels) the conduits and network (vessels) have relationshipswith what? The F Aw yé chi fing yong yao 1, Adjunct statement what? which main functions? where? 2. Adjunct statement ‘what kind of illness? ‘what happens? 74 with writing prescriptions and using drugs BR +22 fenshit shfér_ jing (we) assign (something) to the twelve conduits = % Tht zhi zhi gongnéng the main therapeutic functions iy yaowa de (those) of drugs - ae zhong yaoxué shang im Chinese pharmace jian bing (ve) observe an illness - & nm yi ing (one in) that particular conduit AB yong yao (we) use a drugwhat kind of drug? B- # ma yi Ri (one) of that particular type 75Text 3.7 Sentence structures First unit of meaning Basic statement 1. and 2. Adjunct statement: structure identical with Ba: ‘Second unit of meaning Basic statement which drugs? which headache? 1. Adjunct statement 76 RR A KB méhuéng ro tai yéng jing ‘mahuang enters the major yang conduit statement BH fe Tk sin yao néng zhilido t6u tong three drugs can treat headache Wk sy yishang jin (those mentioned) above all alike A feng han (that caused by) and cold i te fai & Re tong zai hounio jf xiang zhé when pain occurs in the afterbrain and in the napeKH 2 hats at shi iat ying jing this belongs to the major yang conduit what's tobe done? | JE RSH yong méhuéng use mahuang 2. and 3. Adjunct statement: structure identical with 1. Adjunct statement Third unit of meaning Basic statement Aly SkR WATE i Adjenci stbiemcat yong yi —-mauzhdng bingzhéng they are used against specific _illness-pathoconditions, to when? ching often ; gy EH 2. Adjunct statement chéagwéi zhi yi0 they represent master drugs 3 eH which master drugs? niuzhing Ding de those of specific illnessesRAT A 3. Adjunct statement xiny! yongyd fost xinyi is used against nasal blockages 4. Adjunct statement: structure identical with 3. Adjunct statement 5.Adjunctstatement | #8 JB aeHN dou shi laide all. are (those) having come Ko Bb from where? cong fn jing hi via different conduits 8Text 3.8 Sentence structures rst unit of meaning, Basic statement — ft VA yiban renwéi generally (people) assume (something) SB ® Bi HSE ing 1d xuéshud zhidad PRE what? 7 genj the conduit/network doctrine guides the theoretical basis at R BT Si ” ‘what theoretical basis? can fa lige (that) of acupuncture and moxa therapy . RE ASH ‘Adjunct statement zh® shi bagéanmiande that is an incomplete (assumption) Second unit of meaning statement he DB 7 EB zhong yi céngléi méi you talk Chinese medicine has as yet not disassociated (itself) from what? vane fanchéu from a realm (of thought) 79wh B & Bw BSH from which realm of ae yi jing ud xuéshud wei 2hidio de from one taking the conduit/network doctrine as a guide all Chinese a a medicine? all specialties F Fie WOR, namely? wliin mike, regardless whether it is the internal specialty, UR ik viii zheng git or. and setting bones Third unit of meaning , Het Basic statement nia the importance (is obvious from the following) ; B % Si . ‘What importance? jing 1d xuéshus de (that) of the conduit and network doctrine G4 izR apa why is it obvious’ Ying thtagraing a) it has already demonstrated (somet 80what? FSR OME Qi shit jidzhi its practical value when? 7 KN SR OP zhi chingshiqi shijiin zhong during a longtime application th ET Spee yé zhéngshile haoxié went bd) it has also provided evidence to many questions in what way? when? how? at eH Ate . tonggud migit hézud through close cooperation of whom with whom? p cy Es zhong xi yi of Chinese and Western medicine where? cre Rh zai shiyan yanjid zhong in experimental research 81Fourth unit of meaning Basic statement ‘what peristalsis? what kind of changes? when? what? Adjunct statement needling what? 82 ridong ... you bidnhua the peristalsis and ... undergo changes 8 wei de (that) of the stomach BHA xiinming significant (ones) StH fa zhénc) how after needling Si Ae RSet x wéizhong miting 20 sinli déng xue the weizhong, neiting and leg sanli holes stk) AT inci ke shi needling can cause (something) BG, SM K ‘hégi, —_sayinjiao déng xué the hegu and sanyinjiao holes,what can it cause? strengthening and shortening of what? ‘ifth unit of meaning Basic statement which influence? which activities? but? which relationships? Jn A TBI SER, jiiqiing —hé~—fiagé suoduan a strengthening and an interval shortening Te ea ig6ng shousud of uterus contractions AA HAT BO bi din shudmingle — yingxiing these (effects) not only explain the influence shhh xt aap dui budding de (that) of needling, on the activities, Py HE mizing (those) of the internal depots wh RUT KAR yé shudmingle guanxi they also explain relationships 2 & SS i ef jing uy, zing qi (those) of the conduits/network with the depot-organs 83Adjunct statement 84 (AS HER zhidé zhayi (that) is worth attentionLESSON 4: PHYSIOLOGY Text 4.1 Sentence structures First unit of meaning Basic statement Ebe t Af wi zing shi xin, gin... the five depots are the heart, the liver... 1. Adjunct statement: structure identical with Basic statement LE Ft F 2, Adjunct statement Sa ang zhong you ay xin ae baolud among the five depots is A ob 3. Adjunct statement eal ae the outer protection what outer » protection? ee (that) of the heart a hae Bee 4, Adjunct statement a aan gilt the heart enclosure it happens: (we) set up (something) individually what? i bi it 855. Adjunct statement how? 6. Adjunct statement 7. Adjunct statement which functions and Pathological changes? identical with what? Second unit of meaning Basic statement 86 E itis listed 5 ih # yi wit zing bing With the five depots together they are designated asthe six depots De A = £ — Ba gongnéng hé bing bian shi yizhide functions and pathological changes are identical ob a Wh xin baolud de (those) of the heart enclosure 5 yo ME 48] xinzing xiang with the heart depots and palaces are inner depots1. Adjunct statement 2. Adjunct statement 3 RS OR Qi gibié shi their difference is (as follows) wil zing cing jing qi ér EE @ HH A AY the five depots store essential gi and do not drain 3. Adjunct statement: structure identical with 2.Adjunct statement ‘Third unit of meaning Basic statement which organs? having what? which functions? b) JL MES JSR BE fan zinggi guishi yo fil all organs belong to the palaces SRI jdydude (those) having Safle gongnéng. (specific) functions Ho 56% china zhuanshii they emit and take in and (thereby) forward f€ tH kk & chuén bua shui git they transmit and transform water and grain 87Adjunct statement which organs? a) b) what do they have have not which function? a) what? b) what? 88 RT IR zanggi shi yé zing the organs belong to the depots % A (is) méi you(de) (those) not having (something) ({hose) having (something) Dhfé gongnéng, a function HE fe tt zhijié chusn ‘hua (that of) directly transmitting and transforming Ko shui gi water and grain ee zhivcéng (that of) storing wT jing gi essential qiText 4.2 Sentence structures First unit of meaning Basic statement be sf xin shéng xu the heart generates the blood ‘Adjunct statement bu) = &. shén (the heart) is responsible for storing the spirit (b) ye ES oes (xin) wei hited (the heart) isthe ruler what ruler? A tk Ade ah 8 Ha shéngming huéddng de (Chat) of the human body's vital Third unit of meaning DME & Ha Statement xinzing hui chixian the heart can let (something) appear what? ae pathoconditions 89which pathoconditions? when? why? what? b) intrusion of what? 90 Le. Lae = xinji hud zhan yi déng palpitation ... or wild talk... AB FR fit bénshén biG jiinquén (when) it itself’ is not sound RK z hud shou either because it has received something TEEN HK Gingzhide cijt an emotional stimulus at A ee. hud yin infin or because of an intrusion ii a i bing xié de of a pathological evil HE ATO 7B xinaing —youle bing bian the heart has had a pathological changewhat happens? a) b) which activities? Adjunct statement Basic statement Adjunct statement Sixth unit of meaning Basic statement BE bénshén wa a abi re ‘ it itself has nothing for self control % wy Hah néng yingxiing buédong itcan influence activities HE BR mB de qa ang fl (those) of the other depots and palaces 2 RA FEL shi 2hi fashéng wénluan it lets them develop disorder at Rh gan cing xue the liver stores the blood zhi, mou ta it is responsible for plotting and planning AR HE HUB gin xing ganj the liver’snature is strength 911. Adjunct statement which designation? 2. Adjunct statement receives what? ‘what happens? which functions? which pathoconditions? 3. Adjunct statement 92 eines: you chénghao hence it has a designation HE jiangjin de (that) of “genera” Bl at ing shdudio shi when (the liver) receives (something) mental stimuli Win HO i RE yingxiang qi gongnéng ér fasheng zhing this influences its functions and generates pathoconditions E% zhengehing the normal (functions) Wie KL Sk =e niond tu zhang dng anger and head distention AU bi i BA me fh hud qi shangniér fashéng —t)xde the fire qi rises and generates: one spits blood7 & B always? he ea in severe cases it goes so far ‘Seventh unit of meaning Basi statement RA HR gan wei “iin Ga the liver isthe “earlier dependence” whose “earier xe tt dependence”? 7 (that) of women 1. Adjunct statement (this) has the meaning of .. em LEE ot tats shéngzhi jinéng zai nai reproductive functions exist inside the (liver) a wa HR 2- Adjunct statement | Bt peel iret hence it is essential to emphasize (something) wr 2 what? zhiligo a therapy 9394 which therapy? directed at what? when? b) one being directed RE ganzing at the liver B tiko jing ‘when regulating the (monthly) period Ht zhongzi ‘when (enhancing) the fertilityText 4.3 Sentence structures st unit of meaning, Basic statement Adjunct statement Second unit of meaning Basic statement most important for what? which strength? 1, Adjunct statement eh ” jong ue the spleen rules the blood ES ers te zhi yin hua it governs transport and transformation ER te BF zhiiyao shi yingyaing ‘most important is nourishment SES Hit weéicht Nliang to maintain strength ‘ete iy shéngming de (that) of (our) life Ae fe pi onéng. the spleen can do (something) 95what? 2. Adjunct statement what? which essence? 3. Adjunct statement as what? the basis of what? 96 WH we xigohua shui git it digests water and grain ie Bl & & yinshii dao quan shén it transports through the entire body WE jinghus the essence ay shiwi de (that) of the food x Bh bei cheng hence it is designated 5) a wéi as the basis eR a hou tian zhi (that) of the “later dependence”Third unit of meaning tt ft AR Basic statement yon hua néngh bi 26 fis tang if the transport and transformation power is not enough ig my 2 power of what? 7. (that) of the spleen what happens? ny fe ik ze mud zhang then (this) causes distention ae when? eee after the meals Adjunct statement Sia WL ae Hit BZ yingi jirdu —xiaoshou jingshén pit (this) leads to muscular emaciation and to mental fatigue Fourth unit of meaning @ ME Basic statement - 2 the spleen is further responsible a te TE. 2 for what? yon bud shuishi it transports and transforms the liquids 971. Adjunct statement why do they arrive? which patho- manifestations are these? for example? 2, Adjunct statement which methods? why? 98 gE OR (8) BF K zheng zhuing (shi) sué zhi the patho- manifestations (are) those which arrive KS HF MB dadud youyé pid mostly because of splenic weakness ARNE PR AD shuishi tingzhi de (those) of liquid stagnation an WRK FER, RE HS ni jifi fiizhong, dabian xiexit eg.skin edema, diarrhea Be AK yinei yong fangfa hhence (we) use methods fit ig jian pi (hose that) strengthen the spleen Al n shi 10 free the dampnessfth unit of meaning Basic statement Adjunct statement ‘Sixth unit of meaning Basic statement what happens? how? Adjunct statement iE Ri ahi gi the lung rules the qi a ging st si it controls the clear and lofty Ait AR RE fi gi ba jing if the lung qi does not descend Bike ROK, Ut yingi késdu, qichuin (this) causes coughing and panting zi yi most easily Z> % jianshio = Qi (we) see diminished qi and Bia (ME % A yényi —digie hi that the speech is faint and without strength 99when? under (certain) conditions which? fei ba zheng de (those) of depletion pathoconditions ‘Seventh unit of meaning iit A PEF fei you tidojié —_zudyong Basic statement the lung has a regulating effect TLR HEAT 2 cae duiyé —xileyé_xGnxing on the blood movement i EH) F e r a which movement? | 0 hide that which is ruled ATE ruled by what? xinzing by the heart , MA i BE 1. Adjunct statement qién tn cheng md junzhi former people designated (something) as the ruler 100what? why? which relationship? 2. Adjunct statement what? ATR HY KA the heart weile xingréng —migle._guand to describe the close relationship wae relay liangzhé jiande (that) between the two # te Ae cheng zzud xiangf they designated (something) as minister Aa feizing the lung 101Text 4.4 Sentence structures First unit of meaning Basic statement Adjunct statement ‘Second unit of meaning Basic statement ‘on what? on whose vigor abundance? Adjunct statement 102 e RO shen cing jing the kidneys store the essence eo te aR zhi mud ging they are responsible for generating strength Bit HA BUR IER shenzing qiyéu mudyong the kidneys develop a positive effect WH A Fh duly jingh chongpéi on vigor abundance A rén de (on that) of man sl ie shén xi the kidneys are depletedwhat happens? Hy ae 4 i 26 zheng jin qi then pathoconditions do all emerge which pathoconditions? Ware, Hw niozhuin, — &r_ming 4) b) Third unit of meaning Basic statement whose “earlier dependence”? 1. Adjunct statement the meaning of what? dizziness and ear ringing Bw mi wa the eyes have nothing by what they sec,... B A HR shin wei “xian tin” the kidneys are the “earlier dependence” BF nénzi de (that) of males 5 8X HA yi yiyl —xiangténg ({hat) is identical with the meaning, vw RA KH OR ci yi gin wéi xian tian de (that) of considering the liver asthe “earlier dependence” 103stodop som somo amy quem. Bugz RU eb uM HMANR S [eonuapt ou auo opaugi aq 1k Sel ~ — onsuarerey> e aney sfaupry amp werpe nok uags We & fA ‘uowas Suiddys pue auyap opiqit Sugp Sui png sf emrenys aABurx ORY HE eH sKouppy am yBnom payeaxy axe suompucsomied opquyz Sugzugqs ‘Bugo EE Ww Stonouny aanonposdar 0} suayau (tem) ugk 49 Suguu08 SW Bie sazBu2qs mz HE soyeuay ut Par te Or eqn qm, [eonuapr you consuaserego orga qwowares o1seg BETO a isuonspuooomed aotus quawayeg FunESUT Jo UN qunOy wawarers jounfpy -z caryae A we L EL ease aeeeeeeeees shén you Ting méi the kidneys have two pieces AeA OF 2. Adjunct statement ome en the left isthe kidney 3. Adjunct statement: structure identical with 2. Adjunct statement e + 4, Adjunct statement ime ahh yia the kidney rules the yin 5, Adjunct statement: structure identical with 4, Adjunct statement & 8 fk 6. Adjunct statement shen you chang the kidneys have a designation mz which designation? zing. Zhi (tbat) of a depot IK KZ Jepot of what? ceo shui bud zhi (one) of water and fire 105Text 4.5 Sentence structures First unit of meaning Basic statement palace of what? Adjunct statement ‘Second unit of meaning Basic statement 1, Adjunct statement A AOE din wei fl the gallbladder isthe palace we Zz gingjing zhi (that) of purity = RF zhi juéduan it rules decision making fi 5S RAR B din yo gin Weibiio i the gallbladder and the liver are outer and inner PUR OB gin qi sui qiing the liver qi may be strong however? 4 Jk A bi fei din ba duan 106 if there is no gallbladder (it can) not decide2. Adjunct statement at fi OOF gan din xiang ji the liver and the gallbladder provide mutual help what happens? BM T3 ik yOnggan nai chéng courage forms asa result Third unit of meaning, Dy RK Basic statement : ae tose xin wé “jin hud the heart isthe “ruler fire” , A & 0 which heart a (thatin) the human body 1. Adjunct statement i era aise ides ke din yi ming mén wéi “xiang hud” gallbladder and gate are the “minister fire” A ak Mis 7 2. Adjunct statement din ius pin tang the gallbladder fire is unilaterally excessive ay Wel FE 2 whathappens? 26 chixian zbéng then (this) produces pathoconditions 107which pathoconditions? Fourth unit of meaning Basic statement which sea? Adjunct statement Fifth unit of meaning Basic statement 1, Adjunct statement in what regard? a) 108 sh a Z.. = jtzao yi nd... déng restlessness and easily being angry, Hon © ‘hai wei wéi the stomach is the sea K az i zhi shui gi (that) of water and grain Ez RH zhi shuna. it mules the intake the stomach and the spleen are outer and inner (Ree eet, 8 ig qidn én sui fen wai pi earlier people may have differentiated stomach and spleen Af ® Seay (wei) si shouna (the stomach) controls the intakeb) however? namely? b) 2. Adjunct statement when? 3. Adjunct statement which opinion? ie wt si xidohua (the spleen) controls the digestion 2 of Mae SHE din wei de jibén_gongnéng but the stomach's basic functions (are the following) Be fe HN ji néng shouna it both can take in Os fie Att yi néng xiaohua and it also can digest ig 8 AEE IRIE pi wei xiangt{ binglin spleen and stomach are referred to together FEE wingwing often Ht VA bing renwéi simultaneously they held an opinion A fle 244 ba néng shduna (when the stomach) eam not take in 109110 BL RAB te jiu ténbadio xiaohua then there can be no talk of digestionText 4.6 Sentence structures t unit of meaning Basic statement which palace? Adjunct statement Second unit of meaning Basic statement of which kind? where have they been decomposed? \ Be A IF xiio ching wei fil the small intestine is the palace zt R z shou shéng zhi (that) of receiving abundance te i] zhi hua wit it is responsible for transforming things Wy He RS ok xiio ching chéngshdu shui git the small intestine receives water and grain FRAY fishide decomposed (ones) Aor wei zhong in the stomach 1111. Adjunct statement 2. Adjunct statement what? a) what for? -e SP Hill if th jinyiba fenbié ging zhus furthermore it separates the clear from the turbid cd shi it causes (something) WHAT jinghué gui yé = wi zang that the essence turns to the five depots bat 4 zhicéng for storage b: structure identical with a, ©) which liquids? a) 112 RB Jiang —shuiy® gui yo pangguang lets the liquids turn to. the bladder ah PH zaopd zhongde (those) being in the waste mye TF kK & zhazi gui ya. = ditching (it lets) the solid dregs turn tothe large intestineThird unit of meaning Statement Re 2 Ite zhexié dou shi gongzud these all are functions _ I) BH wW whose functions? xiio ching de (those) of the small intestine ' 7 tt ww to achieve what? Ma = ad to transform things Fourth unit of meaning Basic statement xk lh A is di ching wéi fil the large intestine is the palace which palace? ee 2 chuindio al (that) of transmission £ HEME Adjunct statement ahi péixié it is responsible for excretion 113Fifth unit of meaning Basic statement 1, Adjunct statement 2. Adjunct statement the very last phase of what? Sixth unit of meaning Basic statement why? 114 Ki #2 ON Hi da ching jiéshdu—xidio ching —zaopd. the large intestine receives the small intestine's waste Cae shiisong —_pixid it is in charge of transport and excretion AL Bia Br wei zuibou jiéduan it represents the very last phase Bt Wk ve Wh zhéngg? xiaohua gudchéng de (that) of the entire digestion process cach constipation ... is dealt with K K cong i ching starting from the large intestine HT whe feo Wal youyé gongnéng shi chuéndio Zhisi because the function is to transmit and to managewhat function? to transmit what? to manage what? ‘Adjunct statement namely? KKH WwW di ching de (that) of the large intestine HRI Zaopd the waste KE dabian stools A ATK you —bit6ngde Tigo fa there are different therapy patterns 38, FR, ez = tngdio, ranzé, gst ding purging, moistening, and securing astriction 11sText 4.7 Sentence structures First unit of meaning Basic statement which official? Adjunct statement ‘Second unit of meaning Basic statement which place? 1. Adjunct statement 116 Bk A F péngguang wéi gun the bladder isthe official No ep 2 zhou db zhi (that) of “Regional Rectifier” At qs ha si it controls the qi transformation Bh Aw fb péngguing wéi chit the bladder isthe place A HAL shulyé zhihui zhi (that) of liquid gathering the qi transformation is not freewhat happens? 2. Adjunct statement what happens? b) Third unit of meaning Basic statement which qi transformation? a relationship to what? WW AME EFA zé ——-xidobian—léngbi then the urine is retained Ate AA qi hua ba yue the qi transformation is not restricted Nt é yi nido then one looses urine IME AE xijobian bay jin the urine is not restrained Ate A RR qi bua you guanxi 5 F but the qi transformation has a relationship mE pangguang de (that) of the bladder ya shen to the kidneys 117BR za 1. Adjunct statement shin qi the kidney qi is sufficient bu fe tt 2 2 what happens? meng boa then (the bladder) can transform (qi) identi I with 1. Adjunct statement ME ORAL aR ORIE zhi xiao bili hud bajin 3. Adjunct statement (we) treat urine that is impeded or unrestrained wat happens? «| RE A youshi ying yong fa Sometimes (Wwe) should use a pattern i iid ez which pattern? bind Saal ay (that) of warming the kidneys Fourth unit of meaning RW OF Basic statement ee f sin jiao wéi — guan the triple burner is the official which official? we m2 jué dé zhi (that) of clearing the itches 118Adjunct statement Fifth unit of meaning Statement of what? which are they? Sixth unit of meaning Basic statement 1. Adjunct statement which swelling and fullness? it is responsible for transmitting water =e AM jiao ——_zichéng the triple burner is composed HH = BBP yousin bafén of three parts pe eaies shang jiao, zhong jiao, ¥- xia jiao upper burner, central burner, lower burner EMER Ny BiH ta de zudydng wei shitong — shui if dio its function is to dredge the water ‘flan lira 4 Tk zhi zhang hi man e.g. (we) treat swelling and fullness td ting, 7 shui (those resulting from) stagnating water wayswhat happens? why? 3. Adjunct statement which drugs? what do they open? when are they employed? 120 Ai Ail a yong Ti a (Wwe) use stimulating the qi (flow) 3k BH Wéi bangzhé xing shi to assist in transmitting the water A A yong yaowi (we) employ drugs RAN shichangde opening (ones) the triple burner Sie Al a suowei qi for the so-called stimulating the qi (flow)Text 4.8 Sentence structures First unit of meaning a se Basic statement you qikéngehi fb there are extraordinary palaces i me Me Zh wi ? : =i ae zing fi zhiwai in addition to the depots and palaces Adjunct statement i fk if io, sui, gi, mai, these are the brain, the marrow, the bones, the vessels, Second unit of meaning Basie statement BX yi) shi the meaning is (the following) ata iy the meaning of what? ole ae (that) of “extraordinary” WUE a OE 1. Adjunct statement A oiag fei ang they resemble depots but they are not depots 2, Adjunct statement: structure identical with 1. Adjunct statement 1213. Adjunct statement but? 4. Adjunct statement which type? Third unit of meaning ‘Statement what kind of parts? where? 122 RM OF xing sui si fi the shape may resemble a palace im =| fF tL AE & zudyong si zing but their function resembles (that of) a depot B- Wit shi yi zhong nei zing they are a type of inner depot # fF aah xinchingde different from normal __—_(ones) EA] SB BBY tamen shi bifén they are parts RH EW jiqi zbongyaode very important (ones) cc A fk fp zai i zhong inside the human bodyFourth unit of meaning : Re ROB par Basie etalcimean zhexié fi bingbir shi giilde these palaces are by no means isolated az which palaces? gfhéngzhi (these) extraordinary (ones) MA RR 1. Adjunct statement dou you Tién they all have a relationship A OE a 2 to what? ang a to the depots and palaces Hoan fei AN ty bird mio hé WA RR gin you gum 2. Adjunct statement eg. brain and heart/ liver have a relationship 3. Adjunct statement it au a R marrow and bones have a relationship A MAM AK 2 why? yin no bé sui you guan and marrow have a relationship 123aR F F 4. Adjunct statement giochi yo shen the bones belong to the kidneys 5. Adjunct statement: structure identical with 3. Adjunct statement aT Fe it 6. Adjunct statement aizibio jf zigong shi gin the womb is the uterus, it belongs to the liver Hy Te cid in & 7. Adjunct statement |S niing oie, ai ding because menstruation and nourishing the fetus HR you guan have a relationship ‘to what? 5 iL yi ud to the blood ae “x LA xX * go you you = guan hence they also have a relationship Al 2 pojwbatl bé xin pi to heart and spleen 124fth unit of meaning Basic statement what kind of palaces? what are they like? 1. Adjunct statement 2. Adjunct statement A hai you i fii also there are palaces 18 tt z chuén bua zhi (those) of transmission and transformation 5 az AREA yi gihény WE fa duichengde symmetric to the extraordinary palaces Bp 5 wii, kK di chéng, .. if these are the stomach, the large intestine, ... x ES BR F we he wige fi shi yt xigohua xiténg RG these five palaces belong to the digestive system where? £ AM OF Tu fi zhong th unit of meaning Basic statement among the six palaces tn Bt ri sud, B shi it is like that which was said 125where? Adjunct statement which relationships? which relationships? 126 E sting above RR SER OK ATTRA lianxi shi wénzhéngde —bid_kéfnlide the relationships are integrated HE ALY doushi youjide all organic (ones) and not divisible & & mg quin shen ziiz (those) of the entire body structureLESSON 5: BLOOD AND QI Text 5.1 Sentence structures First unit of meaning Basic statement AA ih 3 FE qi hé xué bing zhong 1. Adjunct statement what? as commander of what? 2. Adjunct statement where? qi and blood are equally important te A BEI mu wéi tongshuai (we) consider (something) as commander ti.) xue de (as that) of the blood RA UR WK zbé shi yizhng rénshi fangfa this isa cognitive pattern am EW shéngli shingde (one) being in the physiology 127in which physiology? Second unit of meaning Basic statement which designations? OB zhong yi (in that) of Chinese medicine as M4 & mingchéng _xiangding dud the designations are quite numerous AY @ de (those) of qi 1. Adjunct statement a xz 4G HA y yuin qi, zhengi,.. 2. Adjunct statement where? 128 there are the original qi, the true qi, .. ae BB HR Jf z2hexié doushi zhi qi xud they all refer to gi and blood ALE MR k ten hé qité wizhi jf néngh and other substances and abilities BS A tk A zhénggé rén tind in the entire human body& R FF ming sui yi 3. Adjunct statement ir the names may be different, and yet = AH shi wéi yizhong the facts are identical Third unit of meaning, Basic statement A 8 Ting = you: cheng, besides, there are designations which? mo BAA yang qi, yin qi. zh (those) of yang qi and yin qi 1, Adjunct statement that is (to serve the following purpose) 3 OK HA namely? fenbié —fiang da zudydng. to distinguish two major functions where? BK ps A a cong yuin qi nai from within the original qi 129(&) Fa8R 2. Adjunct statement (he) shudming (they) explain (something) what? — ft Ah hk # yi zhong néng biowéi ti bio a) one type (of qi) can protect the body's exterior A— fH fe RE Hy A SRE Tingyi zhong néng baochi jing bash kuihio b) another type can conserve vigor and prevent loss i ia YR OB 3. Adjunct statement 2 ito hen yéng, Zhen yin hence they are called true yang and true yin Fourth unit of meaning = & Basic statement a a Gh At you zng qi, zhong qi there are ancestral qi and central qi 8 1. Adjunct statement Et they refer (to something) to what? He — Boy you yi bien there is one part 130where? 2. Adjunct statement 3. Adjunct statement 4. Adjunct statement Fifth unit of meaning ‘Statement q. zhong in the original qi m T RK if shi ya shing jiao Rei it belongs to the upper burner and the lung A— BR FF Tingyi bifen shi yG-——zhdng jiao another part belongs tothe central bumer, mm ow RO a sudyi jito Ri qi, hence they are called lung qi and stomach qi HEH Be HAG TD ghikudde shud jin wéi yuin qi generally speaking, they all are original qi 131Text 5.2 Sentence structures First unit of meaning Basic statement which qi? where? Adjunct statement which opinion? 132 ARR fbA, néngh qi ddibiio DR wizhi qi represents power, ... substance qi A ti a9 xue de (that) of qi and blood Ade We yOuxié difang (at) some places Am # yin'ér you Bie shuofa hence there is an opinion “Uh Qa x Ww wi xing (that) of “qi belongs to (that which) has no form iL Aw xue wéi you xing de blood is (that which) has form”‘Second unit of meaning Basic statement 1, Adjunct statement what? 2. Adjunct statement 3. Adjunct statement 4, Adjunct statement which effect? PUTS the womende tihul (itis) our understanding A A det qién rén_—tichii earlier people proposed (something) 42 A oh aE ba gi he xue duidai to treat qi and blood (as follows) th PR xué shi wazhi blood is substance AWK BE WR Qi yinggai shi wiz the qi should be substance fe #2 “fen” zudyong shi “nénghi” the effect is “power” AME BH @ suo fashéngde that which is brought forth by the gi 133Third unit of meaning Basic statement 1. Adjunct statement 2. Adjunct statement what can it improve? what can it assist? what ability and movement? 3. Adjunct statement 134 LYE EAT k A xudy® xtinxing mai nai the blood moves inside the vessels ee er quan shen shou qi yingying the entire body receives its nourishment A fie Bo A 8B Gi néng gaishin hé bangzhi the qi can improve and assist hfe gongnéng TEN (GBAT zhéngchéng yonxing the normal movement TL AY xudye de (those) of the blood “#2 EE AK @rzbé shi zhngydo yinsit both are important elementsFam... ‘which kind? elements of which kind? gbuchéng. de (those) generating (something) EX 4H if zhéngchéng sbengli what? normal physiological act A tf rent which activities? (those of the) human body ([#) #2 ext 7 EO RY 4. Adjunct statement | (arrné) shi juédul bd. néngfenlide (both) are definitely not separable Fourth unit of meaning fee SRE) Ha ae jidshi qi shbudao ait if the qi receives stimuli U3 E (A) EEA which stimuli? shi psychological or environmental (ones) * 2 Wa a) ot penae wll dou bui yingxiang dio mud happen? all can exertan influence on the blood 135who exerts an influence? a) what stimuli are they? b) what stimuli are they? ©) ‘What stimuli are they? fth unit of meaning regardless whether it is happiness, ...or joy te Winn qingzhi fangmiinde (those) concerning the emotions Keng oe or cold and heat AUR THE qihou fangmiande those concerning the climate 5 Bd lio yi or fatigue and idleness Life iHitt g6ngzud fangmidinde those concerning work Basic statement BOA BR A qiin én zhdngshi q 136 earlier people emphasized the qi1. Adjunct statement 2. Adjunct statement Ati “nh” chéngzud “qi wei xueshuai” they stated “the qi is the blood commander” hw FE FA shuo “bai bing shéng yt a they said “ illnesses emerge from the qi” 137Text 5.3 Sentence structures First unit of meaning Basic statement what for? when? but? which therapy patterns? a) b) 138 Ale, ap ng, yong xut fén yao although it is appropriate to use blood section drugs wr zhiliéo for treatment til 3+ xue fén bing (in case of) blood section illness {AB A 8 OK din hai you zhi fs but in addition there are therapy patterns HOA fl im ihe wud to regulate the qi to harmonize the blood TB xing gi zhi, yd to move the qi to eliminate stagnations th Bae aq xu wd yi qi in case of blood loss to increase the qi. i 2 AW 1. Adjunct statement | 75 SF yinwel that is _ because (of the following) Sa Wo th 2 namely? @ xing 26 = xd xing a) when the qi moves, then the blood moves i HF Qi ei b) when the qi slackens, then the blood stackens 2. Adjunct statement tt yio shi (Wwe) wish to cause (the following) what? me ER xudy® xGnxing — zhéngchéng (that) the blood flow is normal KK fe VE TB 2 what do we do? xin shh gh ji shiiching first (Wwe) cause the gi flow to be unimpeded 3. Adjunct statement Rf yao shi (We) wish to cause (the following) whi? aR i = HEBR : ya xue pach the stagnating blood is eliminated 139what does one do? Second unit of meaning Basic statement why? when? which symptoms? Adjunct statement 140 Aa iA qi fen tongh first (We) cause the qi section to be passable B eae hai néng yong yao furthermore (we) can use drugs th mi bis a (those which) supplement qi KH oe lai bangzha— shoushé to help to acquire (blood) € TER zai zhénghdu in the presence of symptoms i 7A ak BY chuxué bd zhi de (those) of bleeding without end FRE wa A t6ngyang _—_xiiyo_ yong ilarly, (we) must use (something)what? it a qi rugs supplementing qi wy? 3 IR HRS lai jiast huff to speed up recovery on which basis? ‘on the basis of a principle oe MW BK sch qwincioe>’ which principle? yangshéngzé yin zhing de (that) of “when the yang lives then the yin grows” PRM) ih TE 2 oe yanzhongde pinxué zhéng incase of serious _ anemia pathoconditions Third unit of meaning Skee zz RR BRN en zbaxié fangfi ne shi hén an these procedures _are_all very effective (ones) EINE £ whee? zai linzhéng shang in clinical practice 141Fourth unit of meaning statement which qi? when? in whose clinical practice? which gases does it refer to? produced by what? a) what obstructions? 142 Ate Uk @ ai git Gi refers to gases HY sus chéngde that which is mentioned he Bt linzhéng shi in clinical practice 7 zhong yi (in that) of Chinese medicine PE chinshengde produced (ones) ae zhang'di by obstructions mE OR OLE zang fi’ = jiméng de (those) of the depots and palaces functionsRK whe AR € hud xidobud bd Tidng déng b) or when the digestion is not good ifth unit of meaning Statement A Be yong — mingcf (Chinese medicine) employs terms which terms? a Ci qi zhi, qi yong, qi ya. deng Gi sluggishness, gi obstruction, qi stagnation, .. WBS when does it use chéng jiande these terms? (in case) of often seen (conditions) i 2 for example? ri xiong gé Pi men eg., chest- diaphragm block and pressure i tE FREE did Adjunct statement ae wa beeide ji it tums them into pathological explanations Sixth unit of meaning ‘Statement A ONS WHS aa yong wei bing ming it uses the qi character as illness name 143when? for example? when? which illnesses? what do they bring forth? 144 2 dua often an A, A A i SS ri qi gé, hé gan qi... tong déngdéng €8, qi blockages, ... and liver qi... pain and so forth ITE bingzhing (in case of) illnesses BA fashéngde (those) bringing forth (something) kee GEAR zhexié zheng zhudng these patho- manifestationsText 5.4 Sentence structures First unit of meaning Statement 2 & i i BH quan shen dou kio yingyang the entire body depends on nourishment provided by what? (by) the blood Second unit of meaning Jude ONE EG RF ee fansbi xinzing shuairud hud xue kul whenever the heart is weak or the blood is deficient wit & xénxing shi tio and when the movement loses its regular order & hm hat is then? ae whats Then hu} chuxian (this) can bring forth (something) namely? UME, RB BK KE Buk Xinji, jing, mai i xiezhi palpitation, shock, pulse arrival stop 145Third unit of meaning Basic statement what will happen? TK xudye dé hin the blood receives cold We i zé ning zhi then it congeals and slackens 1. Adjunct statement: structure identical with Basic statement 2. Adjunct statement what? a) which cold and heat evil? b) which coldness and acrid heat? 146 KRM HAE zhe bin hé re baokud this cold and this heat include (something) RM eH ban xié bE re xié cold evil and heat evil SF wii jit de (those) of the external world RR AE hinliéng hé xin re coldness and acrid heat K & yin shi de (those) of beverages and food©) which unilateral cold and unilateral heat? a) which unilateral flourishing? Fourth unit of meaning Basic statement what do we divide? Adjunct statement UR yif pian han, pian and — unilateral cold and unilateral heat KR ca) Gobi de (those) of the bodily constitution Al tig WE hé pian = wang i #5 and unilateral effulgence OK gan hud (that) of the liver fire at RK Mh #0 th fen wéi yl xue hé chi xu (we) divide into stagnating blood and leaving blood xue ding blood illnesses 4 HB HY RR dangrin you ——migié-_guanxi of course, there are close relationships 147to what? Fifth unit of meaning Basic statement i i mut xt qi blood depletion emerges T RH WE 2 Bom what yé pilfo — guoda a) from fatigue in excess a Ae chuxué guddus b) (from) bleeding excessively ; , a 2 ‘what kind of bleeding? ane (that of) wound injuries ie ’ oe bing how a) after illnesses R BA Pe if fren chin hw b) and in females after delivery 1481. Adjunct statement inwhat way? which three depots? when? what? 2. Adjunct statement in what way? when? xi zhiliéo it is essential to treat KM cong san zang starting from the three depots UR ie xin, gin, pi heart, liver and spleen 4 2 MA At dang yijing chéngwéi shi when (something) has already formed Mi fe 9 HE xue xt zheng a blood depletion pathocondition My war ying zhiliéo itis appropriate to treat uN RE cong shénzing starting from the kidneys et biydo shi when necessary 149Text 5.5 Sentence structures First unit of meaning ‘Statement of what? Second unit of meaning Basic statement what? 1. Adjunct statement 150 4H 2 WR AH jing shi witzhi_jichit essence is the material basis EK, RR WR A BAY shéngzhing, fayd yijf shéngzhi —néngh de of growth, development, and reproductive power A mG (that) of the human body BOA to BE zhong yi gui ya shenzing Chinese medicine associates (something) with the kidneys bi jing essence Ho RL jing wi jichit essence is the basisthe basis of what? 2. Adjunct statement Third unit of meaning Basic statement what for? when? 1, Adjunct statement shar AY iéngming de (chat) of life LL ea suoyi cheng shen hence it designates the kidneys wéi “xian tian” as_ the “earlier dependencies” a ck fF kao yin shi (it) depends on drink and food OR BFE i jiying for nourishment $B ha Wat daidio chishéng yihou after it was born wR fA zhé shi zudydng that isthe function 151the function of what? 2. Adjunct statement 3. Adjunct statement in which context? 4, Adjunct statement what is then? what for? 152 (that) of spleen and stomach ia a ie 8 gi cheng pi wei hence (Chinese medicine) designates spleen and stomach A ae wei “how tian” as the “later dependencies” HF VA bing reawéi simultaneously (Chinese medicine) believes (something) in clinical practice KR AR xian tian ba zi the earlier dependencies are not sufficient ay Al eR rd yong hou tian itis possible to use the later dependencies K HF Iii tigo yang to regulate the nourishmentFourth unit of meaning Basic statement on what? Adjunct statement which persons? what do they suffer from? Fifth unit of meaning Basic statement what has happened? HO Hy A jing you migié- yingxiing essence has a close influence Ee | duiyd ii on bodily strength A 4 EB RW Hi, rén — chéng yao suan, bai tong, ... persons present lumbar pain, back pain, .. hus cs suffering (ones) 4 mh yon y jing they have (the problem) to lose semen Ht FF + KR youyé — shén zhi cng jing because the kidneys master storing essence *® 2A cheng zhi wéi shen ku (we) designate them as kidney deficiency 153what is desig- ee se deficiency? 5 ng SI oe, the above mentioned patho- manifestations RE ? when? yioan generally . Dh 4th BS WE Adjunct statement ia Key Woe) coe (we) consider supplementing the kidneys as primary Sixth unit of meaning ic We Heth Basic statement eee Boe itis necessary to emphasize (something) via? A ®& 2 ar you hén du difang there are very many places where? re BE zhong yi shi shang im Chinese medical texts what do these i Ht places do? aie ne they refer to essence 154rx Ww which essence? guing yi de (one) of a broad sense a Adjunct statement i kan zhi jing qi they refer to the essential qi ; A & i which essent ta i de (that) of the human body Seventh unit of meaning Ae HR Statement thang an itis impossible to speak (about essence in a broad sense) wm A 2 how? hin wei yi confused into one confused with what? with which essence? (that) of the narrow sense 155Text 5.6 Sentence structures irst unit of meaning Basic statement what? a A UA qién én renwéi which structures? 1. Adjunct statement which kind? where? 156 earlier people held (the following) & HA Mh BAH ge ziizhi dou shi yéuxingde all structures are tangible A te it rn ti de (those) of the human body BA — FR RA béi you yi zhong nénghi also, there is a kind of a power —h im A, TOBIN yige gio waxingde a high ranking, shapeless (one) in directing activities2. Adjunct statement Second unit of meaning Basic statement what is then? Adjunct statement what is then? Third unit of meaning Basic statement Adjunct statement Kk ER e chéng, wéi “shén” they designated this as “spirit” eH fe FenE jiishi — shén néng chongwang. if the spirit faculties are complete AR ® eB lem mi ang -bé xing hu6pé the internal depots and the physical body are active H — RK shén yi huansin as soon as the spirit slackens aA OPA OT yigidda a zudyong le none will fulfill its functions HH RA & shén fashéng bing bian the spirit exhibits pathological changes BPE hui chinshéng these can generate (something) 157what? which? namely? a) b) d) f) 158 we OR zheng zhuang patho-manifestations — ARB AN yi xilit” de (those) of a whole series MB mw Fy xiong gé fin mén chest/diaphragm uneasiness and pressure wi Hie A liang xié ba shit both flanks are not relaxed With 7K fe BE jingshén bd néng = zi zhi the mind is not capable of self control = BK shou Zi wo hands and feet have no strength EE AW A kudngwang ba shi ren (the patiemt) is frantic and does not recognize people iz A FEB jy fi shuaitui (the patient's) memory strength weakens&) h) dd Fourth unit of meaning Statement which pills? a) b) BiB SS4R gidnyin weisu6 the genitals shrink iE WB yao bai suantong lumbar and back pain Ae Mt i bi néng fil yang (the patient) is not able to lower or lift (his/her head), % ‘i zhuin ce orto tum tothe side AL #2 terry wan shi zhilidéode pills are curing (ones) uo RR # OL zhiisha an shén win eg., the "cinnabar-pacifies- the-spirit” pills SR se & A hipd ding zhi wan the "amber- stabilizes-the-will” pills 159where are these pills? wa chéng a Gi fang zhong among the established prescriptions what do they cure? Fifth unit of meaning Basic statement Adjunct statement Sixth unit of meaning Basic statement ‘on what? RO zhe zhong bing these kinds of illnesses HAR iat shén ba shi _kongdongde the spirit is not aE OR BK xiyao wizhi lai yingyéng it needs substance for nourishment mR din kao AR fe ba néng is is not possible to solely rely on (something) & # an shén on (pills) pacifying the spirit, ... when? te wr zhiliéo BYE shihou 160 whenever treating (something) an empty (something)what? # mi shén bing spirit illnesses Adjunct statement (them) with methods with which methods? ®t # Ae ying xue, bi @ déng (those) to nourish blood, and to supplement qi 161Text 5.7 Sentence structures ist unit of meaning Basic statement of what kind? WM WRU jin bé yé shi lidng zhing yézbi jin and ye are two kinds of liquids Ale HER AY bi tong xingzhi de of dis-similar nature Adjunct statement {a RGF mk St dan bi déngyé shui fen but they are not equal to watery components which? BE Bate shudde those that are so-called (ones) when? Second unit of meaning generally ‘Statement we ewe CH go jinyé wangtud 162 hence when the humors are lostAL Be OF i ? what will happen? oa Qu di a) (this) causes the pores to open + Kit han a xit b) sweat flows off massively te we when? ai in case of jin (humors) A Sik Sti wéi shénti — wéiki ©) this causes the body to dry up 62 HO mg, .. méofa qidocul, ming, .. 4) the hairs wither, the cars have sounds, .. # mm i th AR A gi shii qi shen ba ©) the bones and joints bend/stretch not freely when? tt % ai ye in case of ye (humors) 163Third unit of meaning Basic statement to what? 1. Adjunct statement that is? 2. Adjunct statement which? a) namely? b) 164 PNR TTD Fk, jinyekéyi zhuanhua the humors can transform A sth wei xue into blood PSOE ee) eee yinér zhong yi you shuofi jin humors and blood have a common source 2h liy6u shi the reason is. (as follows) Til AB K dE wangxue yousi di zheng blood Joss has four major pathoconditions a a a] ta, ni, dian, nito vomiting, bleeding, stool, urine structure identical with a.)Fourth unit of meaning + RM Basi di ei asic statement ry sug chy. bénmén if someone spits forth blood, it leaves from the cardia 5 ink fl 1. Adjunct statement yi Su tong that is with vomiting alike 2. Adjunct statement B iL B AA ni ming wéi hong hin nose bleeding is termed as red sweat SF wt fal 3. Adjunct statement ye ia chi 160g that is with sweat leaving (the body) alike 4. Adjunct statement: structure identical with Basic statement 5. Adjunct statement: structure identical with 1. Adjunct statement 6. Adjunct statement: structure identical with Basic statement 7. Adjunct statement: structure identical with 1. Adjunct statement Fifth unit of meaning wa fat Statement Tinesbélanghi the two are compared what is the result? fei ALL xingzhi xiangsi their natures resemble each other 165‘Sixth unit of meaning Basic statement 1, Adjunct statement 2. Adjunct statement to what? when? where? 166 aD pA Rt bao bio jin if sudyi xue to protect the jin bumors is, hence, to protect the blood Fe th OR ATLA 4 yang xueyi_ kéyi’ sheng jin nourishing blood, too, can generate jin ef bing ti (we) refer to (something) simultaneously ch A coe wing xue hé wang jin to losing blood and to losing jin humor ae cy chang often io b Inching shang in clinical practiceText 5.8 Sentence structures First unit of meaning Basic statement MAE jin ye néng hua jim and ye can transform into what? AF, 3B, TA, ¥e, tie wéi han, fo, Ri, xidn, ud into sweat, snivel, tears, sali nd spittle ER am Tt FRE 1. Adjunetstatement | eM oyd | stemaing basically they belong to the kidneys we BK 2. Adjunetstaement | i hence it is said GF £ HR ‘what is said? shin zhi wil ye the kidneys rule the five ye humors Second unit of meaning Basic statement FE # t jinye ba hua the humors do not transform 167where? in which persons? 1. Adjunct statement 2. Adjunet statement ‘what will bappen? 3. Adjunct statement 4. Adjunct statement why? 168 in persons i@ PA eSB pi yng xtirud de those of spleen yang weakness pz fe BER OR TK hai néng ningjd chéng tin yin also, they can coagulate and form phlegm-drink wk a Be mi oz tan yin phlegm-drink (causes) internal blocks ME FE eh Est ye jinye wo shangshéng the humors have no (way) by which to rise the mouth is dry; (the patient) does not wish to drink 4 Am dang yong wen yo (we) must use warming drugs Al z hé zhi to harmonize this‘Third unit of meaning ae AR AS Bi asic statement Zheng zhuing wei kouké one patho-manifestation is thirst % Ain ind is it? : of what kind is it ching jiande 1 regularly seen (one) where? ee 6 linzhéng shing in clinical practice when? He Sk jiny® quéshio in case of humor deficiency a ak HE HG dud youre xing bing yingi EE 1. Adjunct statement often it is caused by heat type illnesses a OW yao wéi 2. Adjunct statement drugs are, for instance, shi-ho, .. . * AR 2 of which type are they? ching yongde a) they are regularly used (ones) 169& shéng jin b) they generate jin humor Fourth unit of meaning Ae AB Basic statement bo yiding yong yao (we) do not necessarily use drugs , ES # 2 which drugs? ae jn (those) generating jin humor = ean oie Ginggidnde kouké incase of mild thirst 1. Adjunct statement e & ee (we) cool the heat ae wi ? a what will happen? huizhuan then the jin humors return by themselves 2. Adjunct statement tt 2 Mm xing dud nin ni the nature is often sticky and greasy 170a e sheng ji a what nature? yao (that of) drugs generating jin humor wy. ie AI Bibi 3. Adjunct statement a Kioliyduwi Ktubi itis appropriate to consider whether it is an abuse when? Ai By yong shi at the time of using (them) Fifth unit of meaning aE fe cil Basic statement fei néng zhi itis not possible to cure ; ~ id 2 by doing what? shing jin by generating jin humor when? ig iat kouké yanzhongde in cases of thirst being severe Adjunct statement 4 Al dang yong, itis necessary to proceed to a simultaneous use 171use of what? cia iL # La) (ef drugs) to nourish blood and to nourish yin 172LESSON 6: THE EXTERNAL CAUSES OF ILLNESSES Text 6.1 Sentence structures First unit of meaning Basic statement wm Ae Ax bing yin shi yinsi illness causes are factors of what kind? a 5 zhi bing (those) leading to illness ay A= Adjunct statement a ei sin zhong (we) distinguish them into three types namely? A, ob ni yin, «wai yin, .. internal causes, external causes, .. Second unit of meaning Ub nA HE Basic statement i te yin pokes (we) hold the six excesses to be primary > Bo Fit 7 2 in what regard? wai yin fingmiin regarding the external causes 173Adjunct statement Third unit of meaning Basic statement which regular qi? Adjunct statement Fourth unit of meaning Basic statement a) b) 174 AD Rl, He, Fe ji feng, hén, shit. these are wind, cold, summerheat, .. %, RAR han, feng wei ching qi cold, ... and wind are the regular qi —## We a yi nim si ji (those) of one year’s four seasons 1 A GA chéng wei wil qi they arc designated as the five qi ERH fe E zai zhéngchdngde qingkuang xia under normal circumstances AF yin shit fh shi re because summerheat is heat aR K, if bua hus (because) heat, if extreme, transforms into fireHe AE te A aya yi néng hua bud ©) (because) the remaining, too, can transform into fire RY, R 5 which remaining? | joa, a ae wind, dampness, dryness, and cold neat & EA OF zai yiding tidojitn xi under certain conditions et iam “KA yin’ér jiang“huo” jian hence fire is added i oN he AAU Adjunct statement chéng = ud “lid. qi” they are designated as the “ Fifth unit of meaning AAW ER AE Basic statement fa @ zhengching ql bdu the six qi are the regular qi_ manifestations os %& “TE 1. Adjunct statement yi cheng “zheng qi” they are also called “proper qi” 1752. Adjunct statement what is then? 3. Adjunct statement for example? 4. Adjunct statement what is the result? 176 wR Reo A HA rogue fel qi shi é& = you gi qi if timeand yet there is its qi fe z RK TR dian shi fanchéng qi hou is an irregular qi_manifestation my “a A” jido “ie qi” itis called “evil qi” A Re BR, ZH ri feng xié, shit xié,... Zhi lat eg, wind evil, heat evil, .. A kh BR th yin zhézhéng xianxiang yuéchi chang gui because these phenomena leave the normal course hence they are called the “six excesses”Text 6.2 Sentence structures First unit of meaning Basic statement 1. Adjunct statement 2. Adjunct statement which differences? Rt &B g¢ x feng xing dud dong shin bian the nature of wind _ is frequent movement; it tends to change HT ligxing —zdi_guing (the wind) passes. over very wide (regions) A you # yi there are differences Rit, A RZ féng wen, féng re, féng han zhi (those) of wind-warmth, wind-heat, wind-cold why? A yin ay AG aie bi tong a) because the seasons are not identical Fhe genzhe ME FIL qihdu zhuinhua b) following climatic changes 177Second unit of meaning Basic statement what? to form what? Adjunct statement as chief (cause) of what? Third unit of meaning Basic statement 1. Adjunct statement 178 (Re (f€ng) jighé (the wind) joins 5S HERA yi git xi€ qi with the other evil qi A OM OB, Ru Yb. wéi feng shi, féng shi,.. déng to form wind-summerbeat, wind-dampness, .. kM A RK gi qin rén_—chéng feng wéi zhing hence earlier people designated the wind as chief (cause) A Pe bai bing zhi of hundreds of illnesses RR RR ginrin feng xié fa bing affection by wind evil brings forth illness Be A th Rl Gingzhé —w6i_— shang feng minor ones are a “barm- caused-by-wind”where? in which qi section? 2. Adjunct statement where? 1. Adjunct statement 2. Adjunct statement ab vai qi fen in the qi section [in shang jiao (in that) of the upper burner Hh & Fyn AK chixian wa, feng,... késou they produce aversion to wind, ... and cough ae Ah zhdngzhé wei “zhong feng” serious ones are “struck-by-wind” fees ee mR ai jing wd zing fi in the conduit/ network (vessels), depots and palaces “em kou they produce mouth and eye wryness, emt) gingweide fe She néng sixing mild (cases) can regain consciousness 179when? 3. Adjunct statement 180 é i yi shi in the course of time Pay ae Aw ae yanzhongde bd xing ren shi | serious (cases) do not recognize persons and itemsText 63 Sentence structures ist unit of meaning Hy BAH Basi y ic statement Reet cold isa yin evil Adjunct statement OE BL xing Zhi shouyin (its) nature mules drawing together ‘Second unit of meaning Basic statement ban harm — is harmed-by-cold T th 2 Cees yi i bio (arm) in the body's outside BR fe OR Adjunct statement chéngxiin zhéng zhung it produces patho- manifestations which? x % Bt, TH in, fare, toutdng a) aversion to cold, fever, headache 181b) a) Third unit of meaning Basic statement direct harm where? 1. Adjunct statement namely? a) 182 SAR PE shenti téngtdng the body aches kA # mai xing fi jin the pulse appears floating and tight & # A mk shé tai bai a the tongue coating is white and oily HE GH A“ Zhijie shangzhé wéi “zhong han” direct harm is “struck-by-cold” + # yo it in the interior BH chéngxian it produces (the following conditions) "ot Fk utd qing shiti (the patient) vomits clear liquidb) 2. Adjunct statement leading to what? Fourth unit of meaning Basic statement which one? why? 1. Adjunct statement vd fa i. Hh 98, KA HS tong, ching ming, dabian xitxit abdominal pain, intestinal sounds, diarrhea if bing, a you ey yanzhngde additionally there are serious (cases) WK x, Keng, tk OK mi fi the limbs turn cold, the pulse hides RAK zhi you yi fa there is only one pattern = xin i wen (that to employ) acrid and warming (drugs) EL RR qisin ban xié to dispel the cold evil Uw yi AE wéi zhi (Chinese medicine) holds (something) to be primary 183” # what? bilo to open the outside {a i ES : (5 My din shing bin only in case of harm- caused-by-cold p 2. Adjunct statement 7. 2 someone is struck by cold what isthe MF ia El > # yi wen bai consequence? then it is appropriate to warm and to make return 2 p to warm what? hong the center to make retum ia what? yang the yang (qi) Fifth unit of meaning ti AL Basic statement shang Ma Lyi harm-caused-by-cold can (do something) 184what? & by it transforms into heat when? fe = chuén bian (Guring) transmission and change A file ak ba néng gd zhi 1. Adjunct statement it is not possible to stubbornly cling (to something) Yi HK what? ns oa wen sin to warming and dispersing (therapies) p RD Eas 2. Adjunct statement ie ash: ton x a struck-by-cold rarely transforms into heat wf fa 3B 3, Adjunct statement ching shi yang qi shuaitui often it causes the yang qi to weaken A Mf how does it . a weaken? jain daily gradually 185Text 6.4 Sentence structures ‘Statement ‘what ruling qi? & ela shit shi zhi qi summerheat is the ruling qi Re xialing de (that) of summertime & wi shit bing shi re bing Adjunct statement what kind of a distinction? Third unit of meaning summerheat illnesses are heat illnesses B AS shi fenbié (that) is a distinction a bi jijié — shangde one concerning the seasons Basic statement i 22 8 ® ry ginshdu shi 186 hence, if (someone) was affected by summerheat-heatwhat will happen? namely? Adjunct statement why? b) Fourth unit of meaning Basic statement how? & Mth HE dud janie zheng then (we) often see heat pathoconditions t Oe a zhuang rt, kéuké xin fin, a fim ban strong. heat, thirst, heart vexation, and spontaneous sweating OF ching jian often, jointly, (we) see panting, ... Hy & feats eee youyé shit re shang = Ql because summerheat- heat harms the qi wn LE yingxiing —xinzang luences the heart (because) shi re shang bio summerheat-beat harms the outside K vA xié feng together with wind 187wi ER yingxiing shing jiao what will happen? a) (it) influences the upper burner A aE you zheng, b) there are pathoconditions i & A # 8 +r ceo wa feng, shen re... zi ban aversion to wind, body heat, ... spontancous sweating, of which kind arethey? | S(t J a Rist féng wen zheng they resemble wind warmth pathoconditions Hite 2 when? chi qi when they first emerge fth unit of meaning Basic statement a) ce Rm 2 a coo zi lie under the buming sun 188RK fe HABE 95h bud wi tidnyé Moding b) or when (someone) toils in the fields Be F Be ganshou shit re ©) and is affected by summerheat-heat a 3 & O68, what will happen? shen r& k6uké, then body-heat, thirst, ... ik 1. Adjunct statement ake cheng this is designated as _struck-by-summerheat th mY mR 2. Adjunct statement Ye jitozhongyé it is also called sunstroke Sixth unit of meaning ji & Es kA & A Basic statement ao is 2. 73 a summerheat-heat occurs jointly with dampness qi when? fete wingwing often 1891. Adjunct statement KE aR Xe zhe shi ii shi that is: there accumulates dampness when? first were? "3 rei internally ae ay ff R WeaR youya yd zheng de jiégud a) because of heavy steaming . kK th why does the steaming a = ae r ashi when heaven is hot and the earth is damp x we MR bud dan guagud b) or (someone) eats gourds 2. Adjunct statement B = = # 190 additionally, (someone) was affected by summerheat evilWe %% i ? what will happen? | 7 ba z shes then summerheat-dampness is even more abundant 191Text 6.5 Sentence structures First unit of meaning Basic statement - cel 2 dampness isan evil £ ho which evil? zhong, zhué zhi (that) of heaviness and turbidity ; i ae Adjunct statement cee a a) it is sticky and sluggish xe tt nén ua b) it has difficulties to transform Second unit of meaning ‘i & it WN Basic statement aS aio Gey often it refers to moisture which moisture? RE BLAM wi bud tidnyd (that) of fog and dew or rain 192in which regard? te ete a Bi wai yin hong among the external causes Adjunct statement BL RAR H.. Binshouzhé fawéi bin re, those affected develop cold and heat, .. Third unit of meaning Base statement ba yé you italso happens what? Bd Bi A MA, 4.. i shi xié lid iro, jing... dampness evil flows into the flesh, the conduits ... Ho BERK from where? yoo pif from the skin > a why? = id yin because of (the following) a Gh ee th md wo shi di a) (Gomeone) sits or lies in a damp place 193Jak WANE jichd —_chfos! b) (Someone) lives ina moist (environment) R Tk FR feuk hud shui zhéng zudye 3) or (Someone) works in water oh WOK han chit zhin yi 4) sweat flows and wets the clothes WOR HE what will happen? fishéng ching then (this) develops pathoconditions 7 Bi We em % flizhong hé guanjié téngtong déng swelling and joint pain Fourth unit of meaning Basic statement SR, shi sh gaoliéng, .. a) a desire to eat rich food, .. b) or overconsumption of raw/ cold gourds and fruits, ... 194what will happen? what? b) from where? Adjunct statement Fifth unit of meaning Basic statement what will happen? a) fie te néng shi (this) can cause (the following) i@ fa A iB pi yang ba yin the spleen yang (qi) does not move dampness emerges a ni from the interior wi YE chéngaud mei shi (this) is called internal dampness A Me t cE nei shi zai shing internal dampness is situated in the upper (region) ou A % wéi xiong men, then (this) causes chest pressure, .. 195qi fn ba chang b) the qi section is not free wR a tan dud ©) phlegm is abundant 1. and 2. Adjunct statement: structure identical with Basic statement 3. Adjunct statement ft B & néng shing zhi t6u itcan ascend to the head what does it A @ # cause there? = eae it causes the face to bloat 4, Adjunct statement: structure identical with 3. Adjunct statement 196Text 6.6 Sentence structures First unit of meanin, Basic statement Rm AE MN Zao wei zhi gi which ruling qi? Adjunct statement Second unit of meaning Basic statement which evil? how did it enter? dryness is the ruling qi KE ial (that) of autumn Os Be KOR yi chéng qi zo it is also called autumn dryness RSE - OR xié dud zai shing jiao the evil is often situated in the upper burner k Rm Zz git oth (that) of autumn dryness Sh wii gin through external affection 1971. Adjunct statement 2. Adjunct statement and furthermore? vb) ‘Third unit of meaning Basic statement ‘of what? Adjunct statement 198 RO Fa Risi shang feng it resembles harm- caused- by-wind bidoxiin wéi wei hin weir, . it manifests itself as mild cold, mild heat, ... RB OOM Pe hud tan shio niin zhi xié xu or the phlegm is little, sticky, viscous, with blood Ke wh 4 F daibiin zio ji€ dng and the stool is dry and cloddy Rm RAR A mo yl we ya gi dryness, also, is a residual qi KZ hud zhi of fire A RU THR WR wingwang faxian ganzdo xiinxiing there often appear dryness-signswhen? Fourth unit of meaning statement with what? Adjunct statement ‘what will happen? how? Fifth unit of meaning Basic statement RR Za re bing zhihow after heat- illnesses eo WD RA zo you migie guanxi dryness has a close relationship i yi xu with the jin humor and with blood e i A ees, jin sue nel kui if jin humor and blood vanish internally we GE iz mo zheng a dryness pathoconditions emerge a yi easily Ait e&m A fan ci jie sbi mi shang these belong to internal harm 1991. Adjunct statement affections by what? which seasonal qi? 2. Adjunct statement enter where? when? and for what reason? 3. Adjunct statement Re chéng A fl Fb ba téng wai they are not like the external affections Rh shi gl by the seasonal qi kK qiu Zo (that) of autumn dryness Ca git dang mora wei UA th xin hence it is essential to enter slightly acrid (drugs) + mR Al ii yo gan liang ji zhong into the sweet and cooling prescriptions Kk qi ao (in case of) autumn dryness itt ing xie in order to cool and to drain Jk Wl) 4B © as oR ci dan yi gin liéng here then however, (Wwe) should (use) sweet and cooling (drugs)if i 2 why? qing rin in order to cool and to moisten Sixth nit of meaning CH Basic statement ane | jan) eee the spectrum is relatively broad te OTE which spectrum? mo zhing (that) of dryness pathoconditions A which dryness- nei shang pathoconditions (those) of inner harm Bik TH, 1. Adjunct statement piv ogin cao, the skin is dry and coarse, ... Fb 2 where? ea in the exterior 2. Adjunct statement: structure identical with 1. Adjunct statement 201Text 6.7 Sentence structures First unit of meaning Ree ea oad hud shi yi zhong re xié fire is one type of heat evil KH So A BH vi in whateegand? cong wai yin faingmian kat shud speaking in regard of the extemal causes Adjunct statement (& 2) Br 4 (bud shi) suo bua (fire is) something that was transformed cs) EA out of what? “ae you wi qi out of the five qi these are which? fie nee ant no, a wind, cold, summerheat, dryness, and dampness Second unit of meaning - BR FB Basic statement if qi fanzbus when it comes to its burning 2021, Adjunct statement b) ©) 2. Adjunct statement WF =k zé — chongehi sin jiao then it fills the triple burner 2B. bidoxiin it manifests itself (as follows) AO Bm fe 2 lt wéikou chou, hou tng héng — zhdng a8 mouth odor, throat pain, redness, swelling fF HGR xiong mén fanzao chest pressure and vexation i cA eo fi man sou chi abdominal fullness and urine redness & zB shén zhi in severe cases it comes (to the following conditions) g OR zg fas zhén fa ban it develops macules and it develops papules 203b) ©) 3. Adjunct statement what kind of strength? Third unit of meaning Basic statement able to do what? Adjunct statement 204 HO AEaL shén hin kuéngluan the spirit is confused; (the behavior) is wild 2 hl RF pd -xué_ wang xing agitated blood moves disorderly ae you shi it has the strength on we z ri ligoyuin zhi comparable to (that) of a prairie fire i as fe wil zing yi néng the five depots are also able tt k hua bus to transform (something) into fire Ai ok chéngzud hud it is called firewhich fire? Fourth unit of meaning Basic statement which fire? Adjunct statement Fifth unit of meaning Basic statement which fire? He Z wil zhi zhi (that) of the five emotions uo kW HR hud yi i wei dud jian (Wwe) consider the fire as most often visible m IB z gin din zhi (that) of liver and gallbladder aE RH Am. zheng xiin mi chi, ding as pathoconditions appear eye redness, .. ee eee bud dud wéi shi bud fire often is repletion fire RIE HT t balan wi gi bua regardless whether the five qi have transformed By H& bud wi zhi ‘or whether itis (a fire) of the five emotions a zhi 2054 AG 1. Adjunct statement am ying cae it is necessary to use bitter and cold (substances) what for? BH i zhi zhé to directly break it Ae OBR fe err 2. Adjunct statement bo shh sub néng zhiliéo it isnot that which (prescriptions) can cure which prescriptions? i —i #h r yiban ging 7] those commonly cooling the heat prescriptions 206Text 6.8 Sentence structures t unit of meaning Basic statement H & i xié fa bing an evil brings forth an illness which ev? mez ginrin zhi (that) of an affection AR i 2 an affection by what’ ie ya (an affection by one) of the six excesses A BD when? hen’ te jt not immediately, HS aE 1. Adjunct statement chixian bingeheng it produces illness-conditions Bit —+ 4 A A jinggud yige xiangding shiqi fangeéi when? after a suitable time, only then pln, 27 RR 2. Adjunct statement ire, Soe cain if one, e.g., has received a cold evil 207when? RR dongtian in winter & ih wi 2 : /hat will happen thing = wen Ong then this generates a warmth illness when? when it comes to summer, then 3. Adjunct statement: structure identical with 2. Adjunct statement ‘Second unit of meaning x KO zhé —chéngzio fixie that is called “hidden evil” ‘Third unit of meaning Statement B® AR 2 — xie Wéi yinsi zhi yi the evil is one of the factors — RR Z which evil? —_ (that) of epidemics 208Sh acl ich factors? ‘one of which factors wai Ii zhi bing those coming from outside to cause illness Fourth unit of meaninj Basic statement REG RA Q shi hixiang ranyi “yi” is mutual passage wi OR wm 1. Adjunct statement bing zhuang xiang si the illness manifestations are mutually alike Ail x MS 2 in what regard? bawen a xilo regardless whether adults or children (are concerned) Bp 2. Adjunct statement oo that is the meaning fe i 2 ae chuinrin de (that) of “infection” Fifth unit of meaning. wie —m A Basic statement aut) alkoe al “i” refers to one type of qi 209to which type of qi? where? 1. Adjunct statement 2. Adjunct statement with which common evils? Sixth unit of meaning Basic statement what emergence? 210 # RZ ahi (to that) of poison and viciousness BAR arinjit in nature fet GR kK weihai jidmkang zu) da itendangers health most massively AR + = HHH ba tong -yd——_—pitngde xie itis not identical with the common. evils Re 2 fia yin zhi (with those) of the six excesses RA (HB) Bt Ba fisheng (shi) sud chéng the emergence (is) that which is formed aA HN n qi de (that) of ti qiout of what is it formed? when? b) ©) ‘Seventh unit of meaning Basic statement which two types? in what regard? Hi RAR you yi 1g out of transformation #2 yin yi, uw OR kang han in case of excessive rain and severe drought hud ii mF hit wen si or when the livestock died of an epidemic By wm hui wi fiibai and when filthy items decay tH OH fénwéi ling xiing (we) distinguish two types HE BE hin yi Am y hé wen cold epidemics and warmth epidemics MK HR cong xingzhi shang seen from (their) nature 211a 2 1. Adjunct statement = = x shou they are inhaled and taken in Ao A ae you kéu bi by mouth and nose A # n 2. Adjunct statement chang ea they enter the intestines and the stomach xz how? F zhi directly , R i 3. Adjunct statement i. tes they develop an illness hE 2 how? ia very quickly 212LESSON 7: THE INTERNAL CAUSES OF ILLNESS Text 7.1 Sentence structures First unit of meaning Basic statement in what regard? 1. Adjunct statement 2. Adjunct statement Second unit of meaning Statement wy t ff HE yi ai ging wei zhi (we) consider the seven affects as primary A A nei yin (in regard to) the internal causes ® A hai you R, tin, HR, yi deng additionally there are phlegm, stagnations, . AR EE zhongydo yinst they are equally important factors + ff ie qi ging ji you, Jing the seven affects are sorrow, ... and fright 213Third unit of meaning Basic statement which illnesses? Adjunct statement namely? where? ‘what kind of stimulus? Fourth unit of meaning Statement 214 — Ht fk i yi zhong —qingzbi_ bing the illnesses are one type of emotional illness tw ging faa (those, which) the seven affects bring forth #% WF shi yinyd that is so because of (the following) wR BA ARE oii shi fashéng bidnbua a stimulus causes (a person) to develop changes web Jingshén shang in the mind St Hy th waijie shiwa de (one) ofan environmental entity AL A Le bianhua you fanying the changes have reflectionswhich changes? wi HY jingshén de (those) of the mind which reflections? AHS biténgde different (ones) why? nr AR youyé ba. ting, which dissimilarities? Fifth unit of meaning because of dis- similarities Ib Basa BAY wail aji de (those) of the environmental stimuli Basic statement fe fo 4B. a yy zheng zhuang patho- manifestations are, e.g., depression ... TL ‘which patho- Ce fits manifestations? oleae often seen (ones) Pay 1. Agjunetstatement | ee serious (cases) are absentmindedness,... 2152. Adjunct statement Sixth unit of meaning Statement which pathological changes? brought forth by what? transformations ‘of what? ‘Seventh unit of meaning Basic statement ‘what influence? 216 a ma Ki ri dian ri chi they resemble insanity, they resemble idiocy i me Bt bing bian shi bidnbua pathological changes are transformations alee yingide brought forth (ones) © ff qi qing (by) the seven affects AH qi de (those) of qi wa aq yingxiing shi q sup ieee G@ qmg de (hat) of the seven affectswhen? 1. Adjunct statement 2. Adjunct statement 3 & 5 onthe very AS th BAR WAR qi ya xud shi bir kefenlide qi and blood are not separable at zs Wa SB) go Dingging —_jinyibd yingxiing dio xue hence the illness has, furthermore, an influence on the blood 217Text 7.2 Sentence structures First unit of meaning Basic statement what? which changes? why? brought forth by what? Adjunct statement ‘with what? 218 4 wy ff Wb OD mo si ke wéi wai yin it seems asif they could be regarded as external causes At bianhua the changes +t ff qi ging (hose) of the seven affects Be alike ii ying because they are brought forth Sb FRE youwai jie jt by external world stimuli (Ae EE A danshibijing ba yiyang however, finally this is not identical with how the external causes bring forth illnesses— fae which external causes? | ge he common (ones) ‘Second unit of meaning Ae EE gO Basic statement Ae 6 wi yin itis only necessary to. remove their external causes - A aiiet ° wai yin yingide (in case of illness) brought forth by external causes — ie 0 € the result? v ibng this illness will then be cured if 2B) Bt Adjunct statement gi ging qidio bianbua the seven affects have effected changes when? where? ac WH jingshén shang in the mind 219tH ff KE 2 and furthermore? ting shi saibian also, they stimulate changes PUTER ARTE ‘to 2 ‘what changes? néizaide shénghud — gingkuing (those) of internal physiological conditions what will happen? i 6 wm a0 a tae at then, as soon as (we) cause the stimulus no longer to exist A AE SEB HR yé ba néng iiji hui (the patient) is still not able to immediately recover Third unit of meaning FIR i A BS Shement tongyangde bing you chabié identical illnesses have differences t ff which identical Oe illnesses? vas (those brought forth by) the seven affects SY aren . which differences? | oer ‘obvious (ones) 220,P wir £ in what reganl? bing zhéng shang ‘as regards the illness conditions why? Hy = RI AR 8 . youya you qiéng md because the stimuli have strong and weak (variants) Basic statement RA BLE RAR tizhi hé minginxing you guanxi constitution and susceptibility have a relationship what constitution and susceptibility? (those) of the patient what kind of a BK jt aa relationship? a very great (one) ot relationship 8 ae ae to what? to contracting an illness Adjunct statement (we) must carefully examine (them) 221Text 7.3 Sentence structures First unit of meaning Basic statement what will happen? a) b) Adjunct statement what will happen? Second unit of meaning Statement 222 ie RRS pi yng shuairud the spleen yang is weak TYME A HE shuishi ba hua liquids do not transform chéng tin they coagulate to form phlegm fi we jiam'dojinye when lung heat boils the fluids of the body Ws te KO yi néng chéng tan that, too, can form phlegm AY wei migiz (we) consider (something) to be closewhat? how close? in what regard? which relationships? Third unit of meaning Basic statement which primary patho- manifestation? 1. Adjunct statement A #0 AR fei he pi (the relationships to) lung and spleen & Zui very (close) RR guanad (in regard to) the relationships Re 5 AK WH tin ya mai zing de (those) of phlegm to the inner depots ER FE OR Hy a zhily8o zhéng zhuing wi késou the Primary patho-manifestion is cough BR Hy tan de (that) of phlegm (illnesses) we ARR wai sing (phlegm) blocks the descending (movement) 223which descending movement? what will happen? 2. Adjunct statement through what? what which pathoconditions? Fourth unit of meaning Basic statement 224 A qi ii de (that) of the qi dynamics WW ye ze wéichuanxi then this causes panting ms feo yi néng fiw cuan it is also able to flow through (something) & & jing wd the conduits and the network (vessels) HL HE chiixian zhéng (that) produces pathoconditions + RB IRK,. shou zi mami, hands and feet being numb, . # A HE AR HS md hé qitéyinsd jighé when it merges with other factorsA ROR, you bin tén,.. what will happen? a) there is cold phlegm, .. WHER xz RR T za zhéng zhuang ging = wéi fizd de b) then the patho- manifestations are even more complex Fifth unit of meaning RB AA Mh eee tin zhanyou diwei phlegm occupies a position what kind of EE a a position? mah an important (position) where? cea a At ai bing yin zhong among the illness causes fe sl = # a 1. Adjunet statement neg yong tin bingzhéng illness conditions can give rise to phlegm turbidity all illness ® z conditions? very many 225BRT HZ inwi 2 =) een chiile bing zhiwai in addition to illnesses a RB ah 9 which illnesses? yin tin sheng those generated because of phlegm a DA Fe BH 2. Adjunct statement f a ae Ee if bixt jian gh hence (we) must consider (this) 100 AR ih when? dn F you tén —zhus when (a patient) has phlegm turbidity 226Text 7.4 Sentence structures First unit of meaning Basic statement sources of what? Adjunct statement Second unit of meaning Statement what? Kk RR yin shi wi quényusn drink and food are sources BF WW yingying de of nourishment (ASR AR, AH... dan zitin koufo, méiyou ji but indulging in food without restraint, ... ae OR yi néng zhi bing they too can lead to illness & fi 5 & ng zud shang shi (we) designate (something) as harm caused by food 8 fy pi mén blocks and pressure 227vs xiong, sé where? inthe chest and at the diaphragm bz structure identical with a. meat & fini tin ©) vomiting and regurgitation Rg j eh what ist regurgitated? ke (Stomach) acid RK 5 ie...29) bud yingj...de 4) or (conditions) bringing forth (something) SE Hk, LH, WS what do they bring forth? han re, tutdng, xiexié cold heat, headache, diarrhea Third unit of meaning Statement 5 & shang shi chéng bing hharm caused by food generates illnesses 7 8 2 where? ching wei (in) the intestines and the stomach 2282 when? a often Fourth unit of meaning th HSS Basic statement yé you xidobua bord it also happens: digestion is weak A in what regard? pecs Aft Sf 1. Adjunct statement ba néng dvd shi (the patient) is not able to eat much fe Jk 2. Adjunct statement | 5 ae fullness and distension (result) ao when? shi how after the meals 3, Adjunct statement it wh AK jin y6u i (Someone) cats oily or greasy (food) 229biel yw much? : how much’ tio Tittle Ki a oe ? hat will happen? dabian tangs the stool is semiliquid tA ie Ae 4, Adjunct statement chéngwéi phx Chinese medicine calls (that) spleen depletion Fifth unit of meaning bh fe RA tt eee yi néng shi bd ——_xidoha it considers an ability to eat without digestion nA fh ie pie nu wei wei ging as stomach strength and spleen weakness Adjunct statement: structure identical with Basic statement 230Text 7.5 Sentence structures First unit of meaning Statement which intestinal parasites? Second unit of meaning Statement why? b) Rh & Fen We yi ching _jishéngchéng wéi ching jian (We) consider intestinal parasites as Ssh, ... huich6ng, .. TH = cinbdichéng déng s, .. and tapeworms wh chéng (those parasites) are generated often seen dud you shi rst & oh © a x # zhong kK & RG yin shi bi jié drink and food are not clean HEA = jin sheng cai .. déng someone eats raw vegetables, ... mostly because dampness and heat are always considerable 231how? ‘Third unit of meaning Basic statement which pathomanifestations? from which illness? 1, Adjunct statement 2. Adjunct statement 3. Adjunct statement 232 Soe mixed HEAR am H #.. zhéngzhuang chéngxiin miin hudng ... the pathomanifestations appear as facial yellowness ... a wa huan bing de (those) of suffering from an illness A I FR you ching —_jishéngchng that of having intestinal parasites AA mR ALT EE bi kong hud —_giingmén dying the nose holes or the anus itches Wed te) C3 =) ih 0g xe chin néi sheng bai iin ri si the lip interior develops white dots resembling millet grains Rik BR a Ba Tutt shiyd jdm) — hud yichéng kangjin the appetite decreases or shows abnormal hyperfunctionAwe A OK, AR 4. Adjunct statement | ysude shi shi shéng mi, ché ye some prefer to eat raw rice or tea Ieaves bs wy i 5. Adjunct statement a es han (ag the abdominal interior has labor pain wet 5 6. Adjunct statement faaaka Gea 5 the face changes its color Ak at niingchéng gan ii Basic statement (parasites) produce malnutrition accumulation where? He ay JL zai xito & in small children kG how? Ws especially easily 1. Adjunct statement & x ra a the abdomen grows big, hardens, and is full 2332. Adjunct statement Fifth unit of meaning Basic statement 1. Adjunct statement 2. Adjunct statement Sixth unit of meaning Basic statement Adjunct statement 234 tt OF Be. so bi gan péng, that is commonly called malnutrition inflation.. oe Me PF 8 Viozhai ji chudn shi lio consumption is corpse-transmitted consumption HO He foe you léo chéng chudnrin is transmitted by consumption worms wm EF ii bing aay fei the illness is situated in the lung aE SL WARK zheng jin késou. as pathoconditions appear cough, ... Hi A RE shang én zui_ shen (his illness) harms a person very severelyText 7.6 Sentence structures First unit of meaning Statement & ay > A AA A sui fen wai yin’ hE mdi yin in what regard? but? view them how? Second unit of meaning Basic statement although (we) distinguish external causes and internal causes i Bl bing yin (in regard to) illness causes 6 Ae BEN # din bd néng ba timen kin but it is not possible to view them PL HE giligiléi separately eee Bas zhong yi fen jfbing Chinese medicine distinguishes the illnesses ABR wéi lang Ie into two categories 235into which categories? 1, Adjunct statement as main causes of what 2. Adjunct statement under which conditions? 3. Adjunct statement by what? 236 Se RA wai gin =—hé ni shang external affections and internal harm Dh A. fee = A yi tia yin uowéi zhi yin it considers the six excesses... as main causes we a liangzhé de of the two (categories of ilinesses) ieee lpr steee eee ath wai yin gin mien external causes invade and harm the human body ABI bi réngyi not easily At A A bi tonggud nei yin if not through internal causes A A ee SIR ni yin wingwing yin the internal causes are often brought forth Fee eee you wii yin by the external causeshow? Third unit of meaning Basic statement in which regard? what major causes? what? for instance? Adjunct statement FRESH tngyangde similarly fale By TER HE AR t6ngshi yingdang zhayi qita—yinsi similarly (Wve) should pay attention to other factors BRT = A Zh chile zhi yin zhiwai in addition to the major causes RB... HY fa... de (those) bringing forth (something) wi bing the illnesses an ENE, BF, réshénghud ying) €g,, life (style), nourishment, and housing conditions WHA RK RR jin you jf da quand they all have a very great association (with illness) 237Text 7.7 Sentence structures First unit of meaning RE 8 Bb We Basic statement fishéng you yiwai_—siinhi an emergence has an accidental injury (as its cause) Bom th ‘emergence of what? iiving ‘de of an illness BA mT A @B 2 eee iba shi yG mii a) neither does it belong to the internal causes LA mR F + A youbi shi yd wai yin b) nor does it belong tothe external causes i cs HR OW sO Athans atatemert chéng wei bai wai yin (we) designate this as “neither- internal-nor-external-cause” Second unit of meaning BE i Shh St 4 y Ss emanate féngshi shing zhi shoushing bedroom-caused-harm refers to harm 238harm to what? caused by what? Third unit of meaning Statement but also? how? Fourth unit of meaning Statement which group? tt aq jing q to essence and qi fan TLE sey guddi caused by sexual excesses Atl Stk ie bd jin = shenti xa 8 md not only the body ERR i béi zhaozhi bing xié it also invites an illness evil is depleted and weak i ik shang zhi yi TR Ri ‘weapon-caused-harm refers to one group A it chuangshing hud simsbang (that) of wounds or injuries 239. JI a which kind of wounds? dio jan (those caused by) knives or swords BAT which kind of injuries? dads (those caused by) accidental falls Fifth unit of meaning uw KK intl tang hud shang harm (caused by) hot liquids or fire i RH Re zhi —_tngshing hud shaoshing refers to scalding or bums 2 wk scaldings by what? iegamnt by hot water AK 2 bums by what? hudzhus by fire Sixth unit of meaning oe aan chong shou shang zhi yo shang insecV/animal-(caused)-harm refers to bite harm 240bite-harm caused by what? Adjunct statement which kind of poisonings? in what regard? of which kind? ‘Seventh unit of meaning Statement when? # LA hi & 4a shé méng shou by poisonous snakes and wild animals 3B fe Sle pak bai néng yingi zhongdé they also can evoke poisonings Al BE HY ating chéngda de (those) of different degrees BRT HE fii 5b chile Zhijie shanghai wai in addition to ct wounds us 23) ti digo shdudao (those which) the body outside receives ee i Rw RM... zhongdé zhi —shiwi zhdngd hud... poisoning refers to food poisoning or... —k & yiban duo generally, mostly 241ighth unit of meaning Basic statement A OW ok A A RR bi nai wai yin yéu guanxi the neither-internal- nor-external causes have relationships to what? A OA OK, os he —nei_—yin, wai yin to the internal causes, and to the external causes Adjunct statement Bu th BARA ping wai xié qinrd when? eg. anexternal evil invades (the body) yy i Ie dio shang hou after a knife caused harm how does it enter? DR @) a cong chuang kou ‘what will happen? ‘what kind of a tetanus condition? 242 through the wound opening. fe RA BLOG RUE néng fashéng pdshangféngzhéng, itcan evoke a tetanus conc ™ mH yan zhongde a very serious (one)Ninth unit of meaning Statement what where? A fle HE Mare a bi néng ba giligilai (we) can not isolate it fetal — A, # renhé yi yin, dow each single cause among the three causes 243Text 7.8 Sentence structures First unit of meaning Basic statement eee li byw yin am arrival must have a cause wz ” arrival of what? tes of an illness —7 RATE 1-Adjunet smtement | yi9s yusnyin kyl shéngoha bing one cause can generate illnesses & Fh A fan jynat Kind dud zhong bd. téngde of illnesses? many types, dis- similar (ones) 2. Adjunct statement fone identical illness can be generated HH #t 7B EK) JRE ae you ge zhing bd tongde yudnyin by all kinds of dis- similar causes 244Second unit of meaning Basic statement which characteristic? 1. Adjunct statement BA RR sudyi zhong yi you tediin hence Chinese medicine has a characteristic oe ee vipeee lees yi bing tong zh, (that) of “different illnesses identical treatment, Ao FF 8 tong bing yh zhi de identical illnesses different treatment” +h oF Rw yigt yao fang zh) bing illnesses of what kind? 2. Adjunct statement one drug formula cures illnesses JL OR FAAS ji zhong bi tongde several kinds of dis- similar (ones) wR A It aw bixil yong jige yao fang itis necessary to use several drug formulas when? aM £ —- we ob youshi yi zhong bing shang sometimes, in case of one single type of illness 2452 a si zhiliéo to cur (jt) Third unit of meaning AW RR Wy RIK ee youde bidoxiin wéi fare some appear as fever win, FI— 38 2 ema iri, | Wngyi re xié 8, identical heat evil ay maa 1. Adjunct statement jane ken some (appear as) cough 2. Adjunct statement: structure identical with 1. Adjunct statement Ed ORAIBE th 3. Adjunct statement no gfudé sti we xié itis necessary to find this heat evil eb A OF 4, Adjunct statement bingzheng suf yi the illness conditions may differ * fie ALR HI 2 Boer dou néng —_yong qingliéng ji in all cases it is possible to use cooling formulas 246Fourth unit of meaning a — dey Basic statement ri tneyi fire if identical fevers (appear) A et) what are they? you qide there are brought forth (ones) brought forth # Bs . because of what? because of heat evil, .. RRR FF 1. Adjunct statement ae iat ting the fevers may be identical 7 RA AR 2 tut é —-yuényin bi tong but the causes are not identical (those) by which (something) was brought forth what? Bee fare the fever 247A fi & Al 2. Adjunct statement A Ne itis not possible to exclusively use (something) WU Al to use what? ainelng pi cooling formulas i iB 2 ‘ to achieve what? i to repel the beat Fifth unit of meaning KE iH BRE Basic statement zhé shi shudming —_zhongydoxing that is to explain the importance am A MF iar i ir 2 what importance? bing yin dulyé —zhiligo de (that) of illness causes vis-a-vis a therapy eer EI eco zhilido renhéyi zhong bing totreat any —_type of illness what is necessary? = Frente yao ndnggingchii itis necessary to clarify (omething)what? Fa yuényin the causes when? first 249LESSON 8: THE EIGHT PRINCIPLES Text 8.1 Sentence structures First unit of meaning a AO HER Basi en se aaa méi yig? bing dow you zhéngzhuing each single illness has _pathomanifestations of what kind? He RI cudzong fiizade complex (ones) . SRE THK Adjunct statement yo zhiodio tide guanjian (we) wish to find out its keypoints ae CHER Te zhingwd tade zhityao fangmian and to grasp its major aspects —_ Dat BE eal Y bixd dongdé yinyong (we) must understand how to employ (something) what? A 4 ba ging the eight principles 250Second unit of meaning Basic statement 1, Adjunct statement what guiding principles? 2. Adjunct statement what guiding principles? where? Third unit of meaning jc statement A Zz HA. bi ging shi yin yang, the eight principles are yin and yang, ... 45 wéi gangling they are guiding principles # aE cs bian zhing de (those) of differentiating the pathoconditions Bay yin yang wéi gangling yin and yang are guiding principles HGH cs) gingling de (those) of the guiding principles Hop qi zhong among them fe shi yanyi outside/inside, .. are deductions 251deductions of what? in what regard? 1. Adjunct statement BABA ORY yin yang de ofthe yin/yang (correspondence) sche shiji shang regard to reality OK AE yi chéng iu bitin they are also called “the six changes” 2. Adjunct statement HART ta zhishile to what? a) which locations? where who is situated? bd) 252 they refer to (something) BL bawéi to the locations BRE i sudzai de (those) of where they are situated il a5 bing bian the pathological changes TER zhengxiang to the appearanceswhich appearances? wa bing de (those) of the illnesses A Rt he — biinhu ©) and to changes what 4 KO eae xiao zhing de (those) of the waning and waxing which waning and i OE “I xfe zheng waxing? (those) of evil and proper (qi) Fourth unit of meaning Statement iE A Benji ba gang (we) base (ourself) on the eight principles avi? HM = SA HL me lai guanché —_quénbi qingkuang which circumstances? to examine the entire circumstances aE i zheng hou de (those) of pathological signs 253and furthermore? what will happen? how? ifth unit of meaning, Basic statement in what regard? where? Adjunct statement 254 Me ae JAB jiayi fens guina and add analysis and deduction Bh Bo ie déchi zhénduan jiélin (Wwe) reach diagnostic conclusions A ME ba nan itis not difficult a sk yi xiish (We) have already recounted (something) KF BO a guanyh = yin —_yang fangmian in regard to yin and yang tc Bit zai diyi zhang in the first chapter AA mF a shudméng ri xia here (we) explain something as followswhat? what meaning? fu ban de (that) of the six changes 255Text 8.2 Sentence structures t unit of meaning Basic statement # dito “outside” is outer B £H Adjunct stat 5 {junct statement ir s& “inside” is inner Second unit of meaning # biao SI ta wR Basic statement : fi bido & the “outside” is the body's outside wom KR 8 RE raw? cong i i di shiio in regard to inner and outer hata Kee and outer? eeone teed (those) of the human body aie AA 1, Adjunct statement aay sexe (that) includes tissues 256which tissues? 2. Adjunct statement 3. Adjunct statement organs? Third unit of meaning Basic statement which pathoconditions? what do they belong to? Bi MA Ss pif jirou déng skin and muscles B i Py AE ahi nei zing the “inside” refers to the inner depots ai baokud —qiguan (that) includes the organs = ow m ms ving, fi: «=o. dng the depots, the palaces, and the brain iE AR fe zheng wei bido zheng pathoconditions are outside pathoconditions mH 8 shi..zhé jam all (those) belonging _(to something) + fh yo ti ido to. the body's outside 257for example? hén, ... déng mn ri wi in what regard? eg. aversion to cold, .. HEAR zhéngzhuing (in regard of) the pathomanifestations which patho- Br HSL ‘manifestations? cuxande those appearing 2 wi HS RL Ate when do they appear? ee ciet ara ae when an illness evil invades the human body , iE nA FE Adjunct statement zhéng wéili zheng the pathoconditions are inside pathoconditions pathoconditions? : ae J : those belonging to the body's interior HOR SER, _ ; forexampie! shén hin finzio, ding (eg..) mental confusion and restlessness, .. 258Text 8.3 Sentence structures First unit of meaning RRR A ie Basic statement xi qufin én the evil invade the human body sch evil? RH 2 which evil? eye (those) of the six excesses excesses? iad ei wind, cold, etc. what will Be & FR &.. happen? shduxian shing ya pi mo, first (there is) harm to skin and hair, .. : B hk # TE Adjunct statement ea ching bio chong summarily they are called outside pathoconditions Second unit of meaning : &2 $ WA # aoe sateen aus i mi shéng illnesses emerge mostly from the interior 259which illnesses? brought forth by what? which seven affects? Adjunct statement Third unit of meaning Statement a survey of what? a differentiation of what? 260 Bit aren yingide those which are brought forth A t ff Rk f.. yin qi ging hud yin shi. by the seven affects or drink and food, ... BS xin joy, anger etc. ® a BF wi chéng ii zhéng summarily they are called inside pathoconditions i PR zbe shi gaikuang that is a survey BES By de bianbié (a survey) ofa differentiation ® Es bido i (Cf outside and insideFourth unit of meaning z RIL 1B Basic statement ae kyl chan an outside evil canbe transmitted where? 4 nai to the interior ; dE OA OE BE ‘Adjunct statement jn ea OR itenters into the depots and palaces what will happen? TEAR #& zhengzhuang then the pathomanifestations OB HE wéili zheng are inside pathoconditions FE sat which patho- | gud manifestations? |_ © those which are manifested by it ‘ifth unit of meaning Basic statement th 4a ye you italso happens 261what? where? but? Adjunct statement Sixth unit of meaning Basic statement and? what is then? 262 z OH a te bio xié sui yi chuén although an outside evil has already been transmitted wy nd to the interior io Mm RB B & shang wei dio i but it has mot yet reached the inside Ka RR KB SE chéngwéi bin biio ban zheng that is called _half-outside- half-inside-pathocondition # BA fF biio xié mai chudn when an outside evil is transmitted to the interior R TE Ui bio zhéng réng 7ai while the outside pathoconditions are still present an 2 fw chengwéi biao i tong bing that is called outside and inside are jointly illSeventh unit of meaning. Basic statement in what regard? Adjunct statement what? what directions? DR OR GE fenbian dito zheng (we) distinguish outside and inside pathoconditions Ubi Be Iinzhéng shang in regard to clinical” practice xz aEw ie ging ——_zhongyaode shi the even more important (aspect) is ER ‘se zhiyi qingxiing to pay attention to the directions He 3B qi chuin biin (those) of their transmission and change 263Text 8.4 Sentence structures st unit of meaning Statement namely? b) EAR A zhengzhuang wei pathomanifestations are (the following) AER kéu bh zudke ‘the mouth is not thirsty # KAY xi yin’ re tang (Someone) likes to drink hot liquid + ee RK x 2 jue shdu eng hands and feet have receding (yang qi) and are cold a) e) Ke a & 4 wii feng wi han there is no wind but an aversion to cold MEE K jobian ging chang the urine is clear and (its flow is) extended f. - i structure identical with e. 264these are patho- manifestations 2 ty hén de of what? of cold Second unit of meaning: Structure identical with First unit of meaning Third unit of meaning 2 A WR Basic statement FS 3 : didoxian yu _xidnxiang manifestations have appearances a fm eee 2 which manifestations? bing ging de a) (those) of the illness nature EW Bh zhéli kéyi Kanchi b) (those) which can be observed here which Bat ~ # Fan Ne Tiingzbing bi téngde two dis- similar (ones) Mh & appearances ‘s it of what? hén hé re of cold and heat i Beal dt RE ee omen bidnbié shi yige guanjian differentiation is a key element 265differentiation between what? key element of what? of deciding about using drugs which drugs? a Mh | BK OK hud wen — bud liéng Fourth unit of meaning Basic statement whether to use warming or cooling (drugs) RK FE Al th HE hin zheng hé re zheng cold pathoconditions and heat pathoconditions ke F ik shi quén shen zhéngzhuing are entire body pathomanifestations always? AM GE youshi bit wanguén sometimes not completely 1. Adjunct statement to tk 2 3 W ri fare shi quén shén de 266 eg. fever is (a condition) of the entire body2. Adjunct statement which urine? relationships to what? 3. Adjunct statement what happens? to which condition? th unit of meaning Statement AS WA RK xidosou kéyi ySu guan urine can have relationships KR huang chi yellow red (urine) 5 RM yi fare to fever th A yé you italso happens ee eds jin shit ya (fever) does solely belong to (the following condition) Bi AR pangguang you ré the bladder has heat aed 9S ie sudyi ian han zheng hence to distinguish cold pathoconditions 267and heat pathoconditions what is GE LD SPS ae xiyao jinyiba fenbié (Wwe) must go a step further and distinguish (something) Efe F 2 weet? shing xia upper and lower (locations) BR Re in what regard? Lesh ik in addition to the general (criteria) 268Text 8.5 Sentence structures unit of meaning, He x ii ono xi shi shi shudde depletion and repletion are. mentioned what for? * zhi to refer to something what? 5 Oe ing fangmian two aspects eee MEG aaa fleab a iy? zheng qi hé xié qi Proper qi and evil qi ‘Second unit of meaning ces i Basic statement aK gidng ea they refer to strength and weakness strength and weakness _ a 8 of what? os ofthe proper qi 269in what regard? KK A te ik ti cong rén shud in regard to the human body Adjunct statement: Structure identical with basic statement Third unit of meaning Basic statement where? woo HH ER xi dud zhi zheng qi depletion often refers to proper qi te — A aE & zai yiban linzhéng shang in general clinical practice 1. Adjunct statement: Structure identical with basic statement 2. Adjunct statement namely? and? 270 yin the reason (is the following) EO Fine zhéng qi chongwang proper qi flourishes Fe Bi Ws wai sud wei shi nothing exists that is to be called repletion3. Adjunct statement A BH xié qi tuique evil qi has abated and? 5, sud if wei xin Fourth unit of meaning nothing exists that is to be called depletion Statement AH wei shén pian which manifestations? manifestations are mental weakness ... He aE xi hing de (those) of the depletion pathoconditions Fifth unit of meaning: Structure identical with Fourth unit of meaning Sixth unit of meaning AL fe otk wi Se fin i huang xin bing Whenever a body is strong and suffers from @ new illness ‘what is then? aE SS zheng dud shi shi the pathoconditions mostly belong to repletion ‘Adjunct statement: structure identical with Basic statement 271Seventh unit of meaning Basic statement ‘whose constitution? which processes? they appear as what? what is then? Adjunct statement: structure identical 272 cS & ALL LO ti hé jizhun bidoxian wéi physical constitution and processes appear as (something) Be huanzhé (that) of the patient ja bingli the pathological (ones) a OR BS, .. you y6 jieshf,.. de as having surplus, being firm, ... ones A aE chéngwai shi zhéng they are called repletion pathoconditions Basic statementText 8.6 Sentence structures First unit of meaning oi] | HREE ne bidnbié shi génjd to differentiate is the basis to differentiate ie = what? xu depletion and repletion is the basis uk RM tt iE #9 of what? gong xié he bi zhing de of attacking evil and of supplementing proper Second unit of meaning wm Ae eh. ba bing you chén xi. ahé ifthere is, as illness, pure depletion... js Beil a ‘what is then? bianbié jto yi to differentiate is relatively easy ao Yer a fit ? zhiligo yl jidndin to treat is also easy 2731, Adjunct statement when? under all circumstances? 2. Adjunct statement when? under all circumstances? 274 a Hie Kk Re you xi shi cubed zhb if there is depletion and repletion mixed fe HER néng = wanjiu it is possible to help iE & RR zheng ging xié shi if the proper is strong, and if the evil is weak & g sii zhong although (the condition) is serious Wh fea yi waidai it can also be dangerous IE oe cid zheng xt xi shi if the proper is depleted while the evil is replete although (the problem) is lightThird unit of meaning Basic statement of which kind? where does that happen? the course of what? Adjunct statement which states? for example? a) By wh MR jingchéng chixian xidnxiing regularly phenomenon appears the evil and the proper wane and wax #& te + zai gudchéng zhong in the course & —t ia IN méi yige bing de that) of each single illness DA TER tae bixi zhiyi qingkuang (we) must pay attention to states ad bidnhua (those) of changes within depletion exists repletion 275b) Fourth unit of meaning Basic statement namely? b) ce) ‘what is that? 276 shi within repletion e 2 DD. dus shi shio, .. depletion is more, repletion is less, ... pile rt for example (the following condi Sh Fe wai gin feng han external affection by wind cold wi hin fare aversion to cold with fever kR # mai xing fii jin the pulse appears superficial and tight RR-THR KF zhé shi yigé bio shi zheng. that is an zhong you xi exists depletion outside-repletion pathocondition1, Adjunct statement when? and? b) what? ‘what is that? sign of what? ee rigud hin chi bi zhi if sweat flows without end & YF & fa han how after (we) have induced sweating SRR he shen re zdu jing the body heat suddenly drops R ti fin wei er and, in contrast, (we) fear (something) e Ez Hl Reng géng jd the cooling down even worsens i FE R zhe shi zhéng = xiang that isa pathological sign eh Me FE zhuin wei xi zheng of a change into a depletion pathocondition 2. Adjunct statement: structure identical with 1. Adjunct statement 277Text 8.7 Sentence structures irst unit of meaning # H.-J Basic statement bio Hi... shi yi zhong = guind——fangf outside/inside, .. are a kind of classifying method TER i for the classi- ahengrhuang ae fication of what? of the pathomanifestations BH — HER Adjunct statement i Sh agin to only observe one —_pathomanifestation RARE shi méiyduyiside is meaningless Second unit of meaning AA +t HEAR a Seslcstatement yinwei méiyige zhéngzhuing dou néng chiixian the reason is, each ——pathomanifestation can appear how can it appear? in two aspects 278# FE a ff 1, Adjunct statement bio zheng “ef ang outside pathoconditions include aversion to cold 2.6. Adjunct statement: structure identical with 1. Adjunct statement Third unit of meaning RE BR F BKM? Statement jiujing shi -yG nil Ieixing? finally it belongs to which type? Fourth unit of meaning DAR Be BH FR ene bind jihé — dudzhdng zhéngzhuing (ive) must combine many _pathomanifestations 2K pee ? — i juéding to decide (this) Fifth unit of meaning Basic statement Bi, arr sudyi—fenxi hence (we) analyze (something) a dE 4S AER Hoh , bi xiidud zhengzhuing —_jiayi ‘many pathomanifestations 2791. Adjunct statement what? similar in what regard? 2. Adjunct statement a group of what? 3, Adjunct statement what? 280 mR RK jiu lidnxiqilai then (we) combine ial Reiténg a fe Bi similar (ones) Ft ER bY i xingzhi shangde in regard to their nature BA tH chéngwéi yige qin (we) form one group TEAR zhénghdu of patho-indicators efi néng zhénduan then (Wwe) can diagnose it, is anoutside or itis an inside (problem)ixth unit of meaning Basic statement what? goal of what? what basic nature? Adjunct statement what is then? how? x PAT he shudmingle this explains (something) AN 2 ZE OR A KR midi shi zai qiu bén zhi the goal is in searching for the basic nature HF aE wy bian zheng de of differentiating pathoconditions ww bing de (that) of an illness 2 ee A yo zhingwo —zhénxiang (we) wish to grasp the truth WR WI dix guanché (we) must examine (a problem) K & Bw cong dud fangmian from many sides 281Text 8.8 Sentence structures First unit of meaning AS iT XR eee niréng baokudle — guinxi the contents comprise the relationships A what contents? bi ging de (those) of the eight principles bid aE principles of what? ae hing (those) of differentiating the pathoconditions which relationships? ‘Kk # ff kh A ‘hé ti bito ti nti de (those) of the body's outside and of the body'sinside eu tee A fP 1 pajuncs cnremicas zhichile xingzhi bé gingkuang they refer to the nature and to the circumstances RR circumstances of what? faa (those) of the development what nature and ef i developmental r circumstances? oe eS (those) of illness- conditions 282‘Second unit of meaning Basic statement Ra Rk BAT wir zuihdu jiéduin shi weile ——_zhiliéo the final phase is devoted to therapy what final phase? # i i bian zheng de (that) of differentiating pathoconditions 1. Adjunct statement BB ® a fénbian bido i (we) distinguish outside and inside what for? yb @ i kéyi dingehit (we) can decide (something) what? whether to cause sweating or to purge 2. and 3. Adjunct statement: structure identical with 1. Adjunct statement Third unit of meaning Basic statement Fr oR A Wo RYF,... hin fa yous xin. wen fbn, .. the sweating pattern includes acrid and warming diaphoresis, ... 1. Adjunct statement: structure identical with Basic statement 2832. Adjunct statement which others? Fourth unit of meaning Basic statement which therapeutic approach? Adjunct statement without combining what? 284 HE th BOK A % qitayé dou you ba tongde yong fz the other, too, all have dis- similar application patterns td |, win fi, the warming pattern, the cooling pattern, .. WEI Wa Ht rohéléi —quéding—zhiliéo—_fangzhén how_to determine a therapeutic approach? FREY jttide a specific (one) a OE Ay fei jighe ba ke without combining, it is not possible # HR he x i, hin re, xi shi ide, cold and heat, depletion and repletionLEARN TO READ CHINESE PAUL U. UNSCHULD oa he techniques of Natural Language Development applied in Learn to Read Chinese follow the methods of learning used by children who are born into a mature linguistic environment. From a child’s perspective he or she is learning to make sense of the complex sentences used by adults. Children first learn key terms and key statements. Next they learn to identify modifications of these key terms and statements. Only in a third and final stage are they able to DTT a MET SLOM TALC Te) UC e ETC Tonal Chinese the same principles guide the student toward mastery Coomera] ONT The program consists of two volumes. The first contains Shecao Keer MO MIMIC BTS elo Ne oem ceOwAUI REC texts are presented in Chinese characters, in pinyin transcrip- tion, in Chinese-English vocabulary, and in English transla- tion. Companion audio tapes present the native pronunciation of each text. In Volume Two all 64 texts of the first eight lessons Eien aCe bacon em ORO Mtant clr mom Cet TE PET Testers Bravo ley onic Tea Min eLe CMe coe amt e Ceca eMC MA Caa mitotane icon men moe ant RO) rt CR Contd appropriate rendition in English. i