Winona Rose M.

Linchoco Business Logic

BSBA FM 2 T F 10:30AM-12:00NN

DWCL Mr. Cris John Lorena

Preparation:

Guiding principles, standards, norms that proves correctness.

1. Must have knowledge to think.

 As human beings, every choice and every decision we make, literally our whole life, is
determined by our thinking and the extent of our thinking (how much we are able to
think) is determined by how much or how little we know.
 Thinking is using language to ask and answer questions.
2. Know how you know.
 It is intellectual knowledge, knowledge held by means of language that one must have in
order to think.
3. Know what knowledge is.
 It is things they’ve been taught, or picked up along the way that they believe, but most
of it is untrue. Only that which we have learned that is true is knowledge.
 Only thinking that is based on (true) knowledge is correct thinking.
 Knowledge must be true knowledge that correctly describes some aspect of reality.
 Knowledge is necessary to correct thinking. What one can think and how much they can
think about it is determined by how much they know and how well they know it.
4. Know what truth is.
 If we are going to think correctly we must understand how to avoid believing things that
are not true by identifying the sources of false ideas.
 Beliefs that are not true and based only on authority, consensus, popularity, tradition,
false arguments, or appeals to emotions, must be rejected.
5. The purpose of thinking is not debate.
 Every individual is endowed with the ability to learn and think. The purpose of
knowledge and thinking is for the individual to be able to make right choices in
conducting one’s life.
 The purpose of correct thinking is not to win debates or convince others. Others have
their own minds and must do their own learning and thinking.
 Correct thinking has nothing to do with influencing others, only with ensuring you know
what is true in order to make right choices and to live happily and successfully.
6. Clarity.
 Forces the thinking to be explained well so that it is easy to understand.
 When thinking is easy to follow, it has Clarity.
7. Accuracy and Precision.
 Accuracy
 Makes sure that all information is correct and free from error.
  If the thinking is reliable, then it has Accuracy.
 Precision
 Goes one step further than Accuracy. It demands that the words and data used
are exact.
 If no more details could be added, then it has Precision.
8. Relevance and Significance.
 Relevance.
 Relevance means that everything included is important, that each part makes a
difference.
 If something is focused on what needs to be said, there is Relevance.
 Significance.
 Significance compels us to include the most important ideas. We don’t want to
leave out crucial facts that would help to make a point.
 When everything that is essential is included, then we find Significance.
9. Fairness.
 Fairness means that the argument is balanced and free from bias. It pushes us to be
impartial and evenhanded toward other positions.
 When an argument is objective, there is Fairness.
10. Logical.
 Logical means that an argument is reasonable, the thinking is consistent and the
conclusions follow from the evidence.
 When something makes sense step-by-step, then it is Logical.