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12 - Erland Norviken Bridge Construction With Precast Concrete Elements PDF
12 - Erland Norviken Bridge Construction With Precast Concrete Elements PDF
Skanska Norge AS
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Prefabrication has been done in many different ways…
Brandangersundet Bridge
Main span fabricated 5km from
bridge location and brought to site by
two crane vessels for installation.
Sjernarøy Bridge
Large precast concrete elements
produced at fabrication yard, transported
and installed by crane vessel.
Bjørvika submerged tunnel, Oslo
Tunnel elements produced in dock
outside Bergen on the Norwegian West
coast, towed to Oslo and installed.
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Port and og bridge construction using large precast
concrete elements.
‐ Element production started in Jåttåvågen in Stavanger (90´s).
(The old construction site for concrete platforms for the North Sea)
‐ Moved to Forsand in Ryfylke i 2008
‐ Local construction sites have been established for individual projects.
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Today's topic : Sjernarøy Bridge
− 254 meters.
− 9 spans, longest span 31 meters.
− The entire bridge, apart from the
abutments, were precast.
− 23 concrete elements.
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Today's topic : Sjernarøy Bridge
− The bridge was fully
designed and approved
as an in‐situ cast
construction by Statens
vegvesen in Norway.
− Re‐designed and
constructed using
precast concrete
elements by Skanska.
− New approval of design
was required.
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− Element production at
Skanskas construction
site in Forsand.
− The elements were lifted,
transported by a crane
vessel (barge) and
installed at the bridge
location.
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Elements:
Pile cap and columns
Bridge deck
Columns
Foundation and pillars
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Phase 1 – Foundation and pillars
6 elements:
‐ Axis 3 ‐ 8
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Preparation for installation of foundations
− the rock surface was cleaned
and surveyed.
− Temporary support blocks
cast to specified height with
strict tolerances.
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Installation of the pillar/foundation
− The pillars were produced
with length according to
the height of the
temporary support
blocks.
− A guide system was
established at the seabed
to ensure correct
placement of the
foundation. Shims were
used to make the pillar
vertical. Operation
monitored using divers.
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Production of pillars Pillar / foundation
(Picture from Forsand) placed on the barge
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Lowering of pillars (Conlift) Installed onto the temporary
support blocks
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Interface between seabed and pillar/foundations.
− Grouting:
Grouting between the rock
surface and foundation
through recesses for
molding pipes
− Fixed support:
Rock bolts installed
through recesses in the
foundation perimeter.
− Fixed connection
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Phase 2 – Pile cap / columns
2 elements (axis 2 and 9)
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Protruding reinforcement
(Ø50 Gewi‐bars/splicing bars)
Lowered into the steel pipe
Pile cap and column. piles.
(Picture from Forsand)
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Phase 3 – Columns
6 elements
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The pillars are manufactured Corresponding holes in the
with protruding reinforcement columns. (Socket/Plug).
(Ø63,5 Gewi‐bars as splicing Holes grouted through
bars). Splice between pillar grouting‐tubes.
and column above water!
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Phase 4 – Bridge deck
9 elements:
− Installation from both sides
− The centre element installed as
the last element.
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Connection between column and bridge deck:
− Protruding reinforcement from column (Ø63,5 Gewi‐bars)
− Corresponding holes in the bridge deck elements
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Protruding reinforcement locked with steel plates and nuts in upper
face of bridge deck element. Fixed connection.
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Connection between bridge deck elements:
Console / Corbel
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− Reinforcement:
All reinforcement spliced with
mechanical couplers (HRC).
90 Ø25
30 Ø32
(Tapered thread)
− Post tensioned reinforcement:
‐ 7 cables.
‐ 5 cables installed and
post tensioned during
element production.
‐ 2 continuous cables.
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Advantages using large precast elements:
− Faster construction time:
− Piling and element production can be performed in
parallel.
− More efficient production on suitable/well organized site.
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− Better quality control:
− Established procedures by “factory production”.
− Known concrete supplier, short transport of concrete.
− Minimize concrete work in the marine environment.
− Minimize casting under water.
− Fabrication at lower cost
− Health and Safety:
− Reduced work using divers.
− More work at ground level.
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Issues to be considered in tender phase:
− Distance from fabrication yard to bridge location
Local yards should be considered!
− Access for crane vessel is a requirement.
− Element weight < 400 tonns (Taklift / Eidelift, Norway).
− Element weight < 600 tonn (Uglen, Norway).
− Bigger crane vessels available from other contries
Lifting diagram for EideLift 6:
Element weight/size must be
considered according to crane
capacity.
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Transition from in‐situ cast to precast construction:
− First of all; the client must have a positive attitude to
the construction method.
− Second: The bridge concept must be suitable for
prefabrication.
− Some additional engineering was required:
− Layout / division into elements
− Layout and engineering of element connections.
− Engineering of building phases, lifting etc.
− Drawings of each element; form work and reinforcement.
(About 80 drawings for prefabrication of Sjernarøy Bridge).
− The additional engineering was carried out by Skanskas
engineering departement in Norway.
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Tolerances − We prepared a
connection with a 100
mm "wiggle room" in the
longitudinal direction.
− We calculated “down
through the column and
pillars”, and found
tolerance requirements
for the foundation
position.
− Tolerance drawings were
prepared, and closely
followed‐up by surveyer.
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Summary:
− A successful project!
− Communication between designers and production team
are important. Especially in the planning phase where the
concept for elements and connections are worked out.
− Close follow‐up in relation to the geometry is important.
Tolerance requirements must be thought carefully through.
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