Suvidya Institute of Technology Piping Engineering APTER-I e eo e e e ° e eo « ° sw e ° = * * a ° * 2. e ¢ e e e e e 4Seeesenseeseeseeeveoseeeegeooeeeeeeoeeed Suvidya Institute of Technology Piping Engineering INTRODUCTION {tis crowded out there. Every one is moving in the same direction... to embrace the flighty feel good element. That's precisely why this enthralling subjects is orchestrated to take you on a new high.we know that, you are genuinely interested in this subject and will put in terms of good solid hard work. of research and view, and immerse yourself in this field of study. Engineering has a role to play in almost all the sectors of industry. Engineering is the important determinant in shaping a career and demand for qualified engineers in all sector of the worldwide industry. With the advancement in science and technology, there has been a tremendous increase in the scope of engineering and it no longer remains restricted to field like chemical, Mechanical, Civil, Electrical engineering. in the race to be forefront, everybody has to be prepared to face the competition. "Suvidya Institute of Technology’ has come up with the concept of creating awareness in the student for right information at right tme. As par of its education programme, we also conduct seminars, group discussion etc. These courses are specially designed for fresh or working Engineers and Draughtsman from operating companies and design organizations also attended in significant numbers and have found the course a horizon-widening experience. The course has undergone continuous revisions, helped to a large extent by the feedback faculty and speakers from industry share the instruction hours. Practicals are an important part of the course. The participants are encouraged to develop rational thinking skill through a case study approach. The course combine sound engineering principles and methodology, applicable code requirements and best industry practices. A comprehensive test is given at the end of the course. The case studies worked out by participants are also evaluated, ‘These exposure level courses will definitely increase the value of your resume and help you in getting better opportunity ‘Successful completion of these courses will help the students in getting employment in a wide range ‘of industries like Consultancy, Manufacturing Unit, Chemical, Pharmaceutical, Refinery, Petrochemical, or one can start his own business of construction or can undertake design and drafting work of piping ur focus is to be able to deliver quality results, the first time, and every time. This quality emphasis has been incorporated into the everyday working of our institute. Together we will bring dimensions to engineering in the 21st century and we look forward to progressing this with you all. OUR SERVICES Suvidya Institute of Technology organizes seminars for passed out students to update their knowledge & guide them to overcome obstacles in daily services. Having attained firm footing, Institute is always very keen to be a livewire of Industry and offers consultancy services on various Industrial & development Projects. Hence Suvidya Institute of Technology tenders its services to various reputed organizations. We are sure together we would bring great laurels to Profession, SPECIALISED COURSES OFFERED BY US WHO CAN ATTEND: + Pipe Stress Analysis - Piping, Mech. & Chem. Engineers. + HVAC - Mech. Engineers, Draughtsman & Technician # Industiiai Instrumentation & Contro: === ———stnst / Elact Eng,, Draughtsman & Technician + Process Simulation & Design. - Mechanical & Chemical Engineers, + Structural Engineerirg, Civit Engineers, Draughtsman. + Offshore Engineering - Piping, Mech. & Chem. Engineers. + Water & Waste Water Engineering. Civil Eng., BSc M.Sc Graduates, Technician + Engineering Design & Drafting - HSC BIT Students Those who wants to make their careers in above mentioned also can attend the courses The Institute also believes in providing guidance to students in choosing a right career. secre o3‘uvidya Institute of Technology Pipi ROLE AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF PIPING ENGINEER . Role of Piping Engineer a) Design b) Construction ©) Commissioning d) Operation / Production 2 Engineering 2. Responsibilities of Piping Engineer a) Piping Engineer is responsible for a substantial part of total project cost. b) Economic and accurate design. ©) Co-ordination with other department d) Meet requirement of compact completion eriod. e) Co-ordination with site. ) Modification due to site conditions 9) Must be adequate to meet the process specification and physical conditions in which the plant is to operate, h) Adequate design must be achieve at an economic cost within the project budget. i) Cleat, consistent and reliable data. i) Standardisation of engineering design methods. k) Maximum use of standards. What Piping Engineer should know about. Fiping engineer requires not only wide engineering knowledge not necessarily in depth, but tainly in understanding but he must also have an understanding of engineering economics ahd costs, of metallurgy, of methods of pipe fabrication and erection. He must have some Knowledge of mechanical, civil, electrical and instrument engineering so as to discuss ‘quirements and problems with specialists in these fields. This will be more clear with the data Piping department requires from other disciplines as given an Annexure A. He should be co- operative, lead or take part in teamwork; be alive to the application of new methods, materials apd designs. He must be aware of standards, codes and practices. There are several aspects of engineering technology, which the piping engineer must know mething about — least sufficiently to discuss rationally, any particular subject with specialists ncemned. More importantly, he must have sufficient broad knowledge to know that certain ofrns can arise at the early stages of plant design, where lack of awamess can cause ficulties and even disasters, A/ fairly knowledge of structural engineering is a most. Piping in operation is ahways in vement and subjected to pressures and forces with consequent reactions on mechanisms sfch as pumps, compressors and equipment in general, and on structures and related piping Lack of knowledge can cause errors sufficient to cause machine or equipment breakdown or to oerstress and even cause collapse of structures. ‘Algood knowledge of safety codes and practices is also essential Above all, a piping engineer should be very well conversant with drafting procedures and Prpetices. @eeeeeeeneeeneeeeeeeevneeeeeseeeoeeeeRE EEEEEEESE'S':;CS]" “a wus ids Institute uf Teelnoiogy, Piping Engineering 18. INPUTS AND OUTPUT OF PIPING DEPARTMENT [ mocessoeamrueat tr eS oF PAG + P&ID ePaRTMenT + UNEUsT — + PLOTPLAN + EQUIPMENT LST + RACK PIPING + PROCESS DATA SHEET + STUDY PIPING OF UNIT DATA SHEET OF EOPTS. + TENDERING MTO —— + EQUIPMENT LAYOUT ma. + prPING LAYOUT FABRICATED EOPT. GROUP 2 eae _ {_EQUPMENT ORaWNG —F + STRESS ANALYSIS _ PERSP ocr + NOZZLE OREENTATION + PPE ISOMETRIC & MTO = — + ASBULTORAWING INSTURMENT DEPARTMENT ——— — CABLE TRAY WOTH PIPING -FEG FABRICATED EOPT. GROUP ors) foes DEPARTMENT | NOZZLE ORIENTATION WESSEL LUGI CLEAT T ~_tocation ae —— CIVIL DEPARTMENT + GENERAL ARRANGEMENT or ORAWINGS OF PIPE RACK + DETALENGGDATAGR BEAM .newUONG Loa + COLUMN FOUNDATION PIPE * RATERS LADoER OVERHEAD Back, SLEEPERS po -RANES MONORA snmcnme atom | Locations cutout nse — *+ TOG ELEVATION & LOAD ANCHOR STRESS DEPARTMENT BOLT SE & NO BOLT LOCATION + ANALYSIS REPORT FORALL EQPT + SUPPORT TYPE fp ' STRESS DEPARTMENT + ISOMETRIC oF STRESS L_ CRITICAL LINES WITH SUPPORT LOCATION (INSTRUMENTATION CONTROL VALVE LOCATION INSTRUSuvidya Instit Piping Engineering GHAPTERAI CODES AND SIRNDAEDS+O PCCOCHCHCHCECHCCOCHOLECOCE CE HELE LOO EEEOSO Suvidya Institute of Technology Piping Engineering -- Chapter - I CODES & STANDARDS. CODE : A group of general rules or systematic procedure for design, fabrication, installation and inspection prepared in such a manner that it can be adopted by legal jurisdiction and made into law. STANDARDS Documents prepared by a professional group or committee which are believed to be good and_ Proper engineering practice and which contain mandatory requirements, RECOMMENDED PRACTICES Documents prepared by professional group or committee indicating good engineering practices but which are optional. Companies also develop Guide in order to have consistency in the documentation, These cover various engineering methods which are considered good practices, without specific recommendation or requirements, Codes and Standards as well as being regulations, might be considered as “design aids" since they provide guidance from experts. . Each country has its own Codes and Standards. On global basis, American National standards are undoubtedly the most widely used and compliance with those requirements are accepted world over. In India, other than American standards, British standards and Indians are also Used for the design and selection of equipment and piping systems. Difference between CODES AND STANDARDS CODES provide the design criteria, such as Permissible material of construction, allowable Working stresses, which must be considered in deign. In add rules are provided to Determine the minimum wall thickness, structural behavior Due to Intemal Pressure, dead WE, seismic Loads, Thermal expansion etc. Standards : Standard Provides Specific design criteria rules for Individual piping components Such as valves, fittings, flanges. The STDS are mainly of two Types . (1) Dimensional STDS (2) Pressure Integrity STDS Dimensional STDS : They provides configuration control Information for components, The main purpose of Dimensional STD is to assure Similar components manufactured by different Supplier will be physically Interchangeable. This does not imply that all such similar configured mater Products Will perform equal performance wise they may be Different, but their fase to face & End to End Dimension aretsame. Pressure integrity STS :_They Provide performance criteria. The components designed & ‘manufactured to the same STDS Will tun an equivalent manner. For example, all NPS 10 class 150. ASTMA-105 flanges, wich are consiructs by the ASMEVANSI STD B 16.5, Pipe flanges &flanged fittings, have pressure Temp Rating of 230 Psig at 300F oFSuvidya Institute of Techr ology Piping Engineering 0 AMERICAN STANDARDS Not all American standards are issued directly by American National Standards Institute, The material standards are covered under ASTM (American society for Testing and Materials) and dimensional standards under ANSI (American National Standards Institute). Most of these ‘standards are adapted by ASME (American society of Mechanical Engineers). The American Standards referred by Piping Engineers Are mainly the standards by : 1.1 The American Petroleum Institute (API). 2. The American Iron and Steel institute (AISI). 3 The American National Standards Institute (ANS!) ‘4 The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). . 5 The American Welding Society (AWS). 6 The American Water Works Association (AWWA). 7 The Manufactures Standardisation Society of Valves and Fitting Industry-Standards practices (MSS-SP) 1.8 The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME). 1 1 1 1 1 1 4.4_APISTANDARDS The generally referred API standards by the Piping Engineers are: 1) API SL Specification for Line pipe 2) API6D Pipe line valves, End closures, Connectors and Swivels. 3) API GF Recommended Practice for Fire Test for valves. 4) API593 Ductile Iron Plug Valves-flanged ends. 5) API598 —_Valve Inspection and Test. 6) API600 _Steel Gate Valves. 7) API601 Metallic Gasket for Refinery piping. 8) API602 ‘Compact Design carbon steel Gate. 9) API 604 Ductile iron Gate Valves-flanged ends. 10)API605 Large Diameter Carbon Steel Flanges. 11) API 607 Fire test for soft seated ball valves. 12)API609 Butterfly valves. 13) API 1104 Standard for welding pipeline and facilities. la) AEISAY WAFER RE CHEAle VRE AISI STANDARDS The American Iron and Steel Institute Standards specifies the material by'its chemical and physical properties. When specific model of manufacture of. the elements is not to be Specified then material can be identified by the AISI standards. The most commonly used AISI specifications are 1) ASME B 31 2) ASME B 31 3} ASME B31 1 Power piping. - 2. Fuel Gas Piping. 3. Process Piping 4) ASME B 31.4 Pipeline Transportation System for hydrocarbon and other Liquids. 5) ASME B 31.5 Refrigeration Piping, 6) ASME B 31.8 Gas Transmission and Distributor Piping system. 7) ASME B 31.9 Building Service Pipina 8) ASME B 31.14 Slurry Transpiration Piping system. Of the above the most commonly used code is ASME 31.3 Refineries and chemical plants are designed baséd on the same. All power plants are designed as per ASME B 31.1. 8‘Suvidya Institute of Technology Piping Engineering Other major ANSUASME standards referred for the piping elements are : 1) ANSI B1.1 Unified inch Screw Threads. : 2) ANSI/ ASME B 1.20.1 Pipe Threads general purpose- & (Ex ANSI 82.1) 3) ANSI /ASME 8 16.1 Cast Iron Flanged Fittings. 4) ANSI ASME B 16.3 Malleable Iron Threaded Fitting. 5) ANSI /ASME B 16.4 Cast Iron Threaded Fitting 6) ANSI /ASME B 16.5, Steel pipe flanges and Flanged Fitting. 7) ANSI /ASME B 16.9 Steel Butt welding Fitting. 8) ANSI /ASME B.16.10 Face to face end to end dimensions of valves. 9) ANSI /ASME B 16.11 Forged steel Socket welding and Threaded Fitting 10) ANSIB 16.20- Metallic Gaskets for pipe flanges-ring joint, spiral wound and jacketed flanges. 11) ANSI /ASME B 16.21 Non Metallic Gasket for pipe flanges. 12) ANSI /ASME B 16.25, Butt Welding Ends. 13) ANSI /ASME B 16.28 ‘Short Radius Elbows and Retums. 14) ANSI /ASME B 16.34 “Steel Valves, flanged and butt welding 15) ANSI /ASME B 16.42 Ductile Iron Pipe Flanges & Flanged Fittings Class 150 to 300 16) ANSI /ASME B 16.47 Large Diameter Steel Flanges-NPS 26-60 17) ANSI /ASME B 18.2.1 ‘Square and hexagonal head Bolts and Nuts& 2(in & mm) 18) ANSI /ASME B 36.10 Welded and seamless Wrought Steel pipes 19) ANSI /ASME B 36.19 Welded and Seamless Austenitic Stainless loo) Ars \/Asme Ba6.\ ___ Steel pipe. 4.4ASTM STANDARDS ~~ SURFACE EIsisei Of FLANGES. ASTM standards consist of 16 section on definitions and classifications of material of construction and test methods. Most of the ASTM standards are adopted by ASME and are specified in ASME section Il. The section I! has four parts. 1.4.1 Part-A Ferrous materials specifications 1.4.2 Part-B Non ferrous metals specification 1.4.3 Part-C Specification for welding materials 1.4.4 Part-D Properties of materials. In Part Il, the materials are listed in the Index based on the available forms Such as plates, casting, tubes, etc. And also on the numerical index. The selection of ASTM specification depends updn the required manufactures, from of material, its mechanical strength and the corrosion properties. ‘The specification number is given on Alphabetical prefix ‘A’ for Ferrous materials and ‘B’ for Non-ferrous materials. 1.5. AWS STANDARDS The American Welding Society (AWS) standards provides information on welding fundamentals, weld design, welders’ training qualification, testing and inspection. of welds and guidance on the application and use of welds. Individuals electrode manufacturérs have given their own brand names for the various electrodes and are sold under these names. oFSuvidya Institute of Technology Piping Engineering 4.6 AWWA STANDARDS The American Water Works Association (AWWA) standards refer to the piping elements required for low pressure water services. These are jess stringent than other standards. Valves, flanges, etc required for large diameter water pipelines are covered under this standard and are referred rarely by piping engineering here. 1) C500 = Gate Vales for water & sewage system 2) C-510 - Cast Iron sluice Gates 3) C-504 - Rubber Seated Butterfly Valves 4) C-507 - Ball valves 6"- 48 . 5) C-508 - Swing Check Valves 2"-24 6) C-509 - "Resilient Seated Gate Valves for water & sewage. 4,7 MSS-STANDARDA In addition to the above standards and material codes, there are standards practice followed by manufacturers. These published as advisory standards and are widely followed. The most common MSS-SP standards referred for piping are 1)MSS-SP-6 __ Standard Finishes for Contact Surface for Flanges. 2)MSS-SP-43 — Wrought Stainless Stee! Buttweld Fittings. 3)MSS-SP-56 - Pipe Hanger Supports : Materials, Design and Manufacture 4) MSS-SP-97 Standard for ‘O” let fittings, 2.0 BRITISH STANDARDS In many instances, it is possible to find a British Standard which may be substituted for ‘American standards, For example, BS 2080-British Standard for Face to Face / End to End dimension of valves is identical to ANSI /ASME B 16. 10. Similarly BS 3799 and ANSI /ASME B 16.11 also compare. There are British Standards referred by Indian Manufacturers for the construction of piping elements such as valves. The most commonly referred Britishwstandards in the Industry are 1)BS 1414 - Gate valves for petroleum ingustry 2)BS 1868 - Steel Check Valves for petroleum industry 3) BS 1873 Stee! Globe and Globe Stop & Check Valve (Flanged and Butt welding Ends) for petroleum, petrochemical and allied industries. 4)BS 2080 - Face to Face / End to End dimensions of Valves 5)BS 5146 - _Inspection and Testing of valves (withdrawn, + superseded by BS 6755) 6)BS 5156 - —_Diapnragm valves for general purposes. 7)BS 6351 - Stee! Ball Vaives for petrdleum industries 8)BS 5352 - Steel Gate, Globe, Check valves < 2°NB 9) BS 6755 Testing of valves. lO) BSFZGG- FLlAmMe ARRESTORSuvidya Institute of Technology Piping Engineering 3.0 INDIAN STANDARDS : 1) 1-210 - Grey Iron Casting 7 2) 1S-226 Structural Steel (superseded by 1S 2062) 8) 18-1239 - Specification for Mild Stee! Tubes and Fiting Partl & il 10) 1S 1536 - —_Centrifugally Cast iron Pipes. 11)1S 1837 - Vertically Cast Iron Pipes. 12)1S 1538 - Cast Iron Fitting 20) |S 2062 - _ Stee! for general structure purposes. There are certain other international standards also referred in the Biping industry. They are DIN standards of Germany and the JIS standards of Japan. DIN etactaae are more Bena and equivalent British and Indian standards are also available for cota Piping Periadic review of the standards by the committee are held and these are revised to the modified features based on the results of research and feed back from the industry. Although some technological lags are unavoidable these sre kept minimum by those updations. Hence, it is necessary that the latest editions of the codes and Standards are referred foxthe design and year of publication also to be indicated along with, . MAJOR ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDS : Sr.No. Country Organization Abbreviation 1. | United state ‘American National ‘ANSI of America . 2. Canada Canadian Standards CSA Association 3.,) France Association Francaise AFNOR 4. | United British Standards BsI Kingdom Institute 5. | Europe Europe Community ceN for Standardisation 6 | Germany Deutsches Institute oN for Normung, 7, | Japan | Japanese industria! is 8. India Bureau of Indian BIS + standards,Piping Engineering CHAPTER-LD ‘Suvidya Institute of Technology \ee e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e Suvidya Institute of Technology Piping Engineering Chapter —11t PLOT PLAN DEVELOPMENT The project site is selected by considering the various factors that plant should be technologically and economically viable. The many industrial policies of the goverment is also need to be considered for selection of site. Important requirement such as power, water, effluent disposal, manpower etc. have also to be taken into consideration. After selection of site next activity is to development of PLOT as per the requirement of relevant industries like- ) Refinery ii) Chemical / Agro Chemical / Petro-Chemical / Organic - Inorganic Chemical iii) Fertilizer iv) Pharmaceutical v) Power plant ete. The development of plot plan is a much involve job. While locating the various units / facilities within the plot, consideration shall be given for the operation, maintenance, safety aspect related to the plant and that of the neighbored, fire hazards, location of power and water supply, expansion facilities, man-material movements, etc. in a balanced manner. Before the activiiy of deveiopment of the plot plan starts, there are a lot of data, related plan starts, there are a lot of data, related to all disciplines of engineering, to be collected and analysed and / or made use of. Data to be collected before starting can be classified as follows 1.0 BASIC DATA 1.1. Civil : Civil data contain survey map and Contour map (for plot levels). The contour map will also shown the bench.marks indicating the mean sea level (MSL) to indicating the mean sea level of the plot 1.1.3 SOIL SURVEY : conducted ta check soil bearing capacity. 1.2 Electrical : Contain details about voltage supply to the various plant. 1.3. NON PLANT FACILITIES : covers all supporting facilities for any chemical plant like a) Administrative Biock b) Canteen c) Workshop 4d) R & D, QC Laboratory and Pilot plan e) Gate House/ Time/ Security Office f) Security Towers 9) Vehicle Parking h) Medical center i) Ware house i) Fire Station k) Weight Brisige METROLOGICAL DATA : a) Minimum, maximum and normal temperature during the year. b) Rainfalt . ©) Intensity and direction bf the win 4d) Seismic zone ‘ e) Flood levelidya Institute of Technology Piping Enginecring PROCESS DATA : “Those are some typical points and may change as per various types of plants. a) | Size/capacity of the process unit ) the type of plant, indoors or outdoor c) | Sequence of process flow to locate the process unit in the proper manner. d) | Hazardous nature of the plant to keep proper distance. e) The overall operating philosophy of the plant such as: Fully Automatic Partially Automatic Manual Batch/Continuous ) Raw material receipt and product dispatch. 4g) Storage philosophy. Above ground and/ or underground. i), Effluent plant capacity and discharge points. i) Number of flares. 4.5 UTILITY DATA a) supply points of Raw water. b) Quality of water. ) Water consumption ¢) different types of utilities such as Steam, Air , nitrogen, DM water, e) soft water, cooling water, Chilled water, Brine etc. STATUTORY REQUIREMENTS : The following authorities set norms required for f the Green belt, Floor area occupation, Floor space roads, Free area to be maintained along the plot boundary, Height and tread of the steps, Floor to Floor distance, requirement of distance to be maintained between the units, requirements within the petroleum storage and gas storage, fire fighting requirement height-of chimney, etc. State Industrial Development Corporation (SIDC) Central / state Environmental Pollution Control Boards (PCBS) Factory Inspectorate State Electricity Board (SEB) Chief Controller of Explosive (CCOE) . Static and Mobile pressure Vessel Rules (sme) + Traffic Advisory Committee (TAC) Aviation Laws Chief Inspector of Boiiers (CIB) Oil Industry Safety Directorate (OISD) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Ministry of Environment and Forest (MOEF) 7 PLANT FACILITIES = a) main Plant Building * b) Utility Building ¢) Effluent Treatment Plant d) Falir * e) Cooling Tower f) Boiler House g) Sub station / Electrical Station,CHOSSOHOHOSOHSHHSESHSHSHOHHOSHCHHHHHSSHHH8EEEE Suvidya Institute of Technology Piping Engineering 1.8 DEVELOPMENT OF PLOT PLAN : While developing plot plant to need following data. a) Block dimensions of all plant and nonplant facilities. b) Wind Direction c) North direction d) Rack and sleepers width. e) Flare location 90 mtr away from any bldg in downward of wind direction. f) Road width 8mtr, 6mtr and all inner roads 4mtr. and 1mtr shoulder required both side of road (foot path) and then provide storm water drain. 9) Both side road required on main plat. h) Storm water drainage for roads. i) Consider future expansion 50%. d 1 F.S.1. (Floor Space Index) means 50% construction area. k) _ Green belt 1/3 of plot area. 1) Tankfarm location down side of wind direction. m) Cooling tower location downward of wind direction. n) ETP location downward of wind direction. ©) Non explosive chemical storage Explosive chemical storage as per classification Pp) Petroleum product as per classification. q) Water requirement 24 hrs. minimum : Domestic 100 lit. per person per day Water requirement for Boiler Water requirement cooling tower Washing — 10-15 litres per day per sq.ft of floor Gardening — 5 litres per day per sq. ft of garden area 9 inter unit distance based on the type and nature of the process. s) Location of substation approximately center of plot t) Safety distance for the storage based on the relevant statutory regulations. 1.9 STEP TO BE CONSIDERED WHILE DEVELOPING THE PLOT PLAN a) Study map and devélop grade levels. (RL — Reference Level) b) Mark grid lines in X-Y direction at 10 mtr each. ce) Establish the area along the plot boundary as per the statutory norms. d) Work out the area requirement for the green belt, parking etc. as per the norms. ) The process units shall be located in the sequential order of process flow so that material handling minimum also try to reduce rack length. f Arrange units considering wind direction as per the requirement. * g) Group storage tanks as per process classification. h) — Centralised control room shall be located in safe area close to process plant. i) ‘Two adjacent process units shall be located based on annual shut down philosophy so that hot work shall not affect the operation. i) Locate electrical station at center of the plot for minimum cabling. k) Process unit shall be located on highér ground away from the unwanted traffic. 1) Process units shall be served by peripheral roads for easy approach. m) Utility block shall be kept at safe area clcse to process plants. 1) Receiving stations shall be placed near the supply points. ©) Ware houses shall be located close to the material gate to avoid truck traffic within the process area. p) _Locate fire tanks near to main gate. 4) Locate ETP away from process and utility area and down ward direction of wind. 1) Locate Workshop, contractor's shed, storage yard, etc. by peripheral roads. s) Normally, provide two gate one for man entry and other for material handling. Provide weigh bridge at material handling gate. Locate Admn. Building, Laboratories near man entry gate. Inter unit distances as per statutory authorities guide lines.luvidya Institute of Technology Piping Engineering. LO Layqut of Liquid Storage ; }etroleum Act: - Passed in Parliament C.C.O.E. Nap For Maharashtra. inition of Petroleum: - Any liquid hydrocarbon or miure of hydrocarbon or any flammable xture contain hydrocarbon comes under the petroleum Act. Glassification of Petroleum: - Petroleum Product is classified on the basis of their flash pt. lash point.: - The minimum temp at which liquid eyelids vapors and gives momentary flash when ignited. Glass A- < 23°¢ Class B- 23° to 65°c Class C- 65% to 93°C xemption from storage tank license. @iéss A- not more than 30 Litres lass B- not more than 2500 litres, not more than 1000 later. At a place lass C- not more than 45 ki = 4500 litre. {1 enclosure should have the drain, The slope of the Drain will be not less than 1% from tank thward enclosure. Normally closed Gate valve should be provided outside of enclosure. {forage Tank should be 90 meter away from boiler, furnace still, except Day tank in Boiler LAYOUT CONSIDERATIONS FOR EXPLOSIVE TANK FARM : © Petroleum storage tanks shall be located in dyked enclosure with roads all round the enclosure. ‘© Dyked enclosure should be able to contents the complete contents of the largest tank in the tank farm in case of an emergency. Enclosure capacity shall be calculated after deducting the volume of the tanks up to the height of enclosure. A Stee boards of 200 mm shail be considered in fixing the height of the dyked. ‘The height of tank enclosure dyked shall be at least 1M and shall not be more than 2M above average ground level inside. However, for excluded petroleum it can 600 ram. Petroleum Class A and Class B petroleum can be stored in the same dyked enclosure when Class C is stored together, all safety stipulations applicable to Class A and B shall apply. . Excluded petroleum shall not be stored in the dyke. Tanks shall be arranged in two rows so that each tank is approachable from the surround road. The tank height shall not exceed one and a half times the diameter of tank or 20 M whichever is less. Minimum distance between the tank shell and the tank shell and the inside of the dyke wall shall not be less than one haif the height of the tank. Height is considered from bottom to the top curb angle. © Itis better tat the comer of the bund should be rounded and not at right angles as it is difficult extinguish fire in a 90 angle comer because of the air compression effect. ‘There should be a ininimiim of two access points on opposite sides of the bund to allow safe’access / escap/ in all wind directions. Distance to be observed around facilities in an installation shall be as per the relevant chart furnished in the petroleum Rules. \e eeceoeeeeseeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeeeeeeeeeesc eo’Scoeoeeeeeeeeeeoeeeoeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeesetd Suvidya Institute of Technology Piping Engineering LAYOUT OF GAS STORAGE : ‘* Storage Vessels are not allowed below ground level. They are to be installed above ground level Vessels shall be located in open. Vessels are not to be installed above one another. * If vessels in the installation are more than one the longitudinal axis of vessels should be parallel to each other. ‘+ Top surfaces of vessels are required to be made in one plane. ‘+ Vessels installed with their dished ends facing each other shall have screen walls in between them. ‘+ The distance to be observed between two vessels in one installation and distance from building or group of building or line of adjoining property are given in Table 1 & Table 2. ‘+ The area where vessels, pumping equipment, loading and unloading facilities and direct fired vaporized are provided shall be enclosed by an Industrial A type Fence at least 2 M high along the perimeter of safety Zone ‘+ The minimum ‘distance to be observed around installation shall be as per the guidelines in SMPV which are reproduced in Table 1 and 2. TABLE 1 MINIMUM SAFETY DISTANCE FOR FLAMMABLE, CORROSIVE & TOXIC GASES : minimum distance Minimum SL.NO Water capacity of | distance betweenpressure Vessels (in litres) from Building or Vessels - | Group of bldgs / Of adjoining property I Not above 2000 5 metres 1 metre I Above 2,000 but 10 metres 1 metre: not above 10,000 I Above 10,000 but 15 metres: 1.5 metres not above 20,000 _ * 1V Above 20,000 but 20 metres ot above 40,000 2 metres V__ Above 40,000 30 metres Dmetressuvidya Institute of Technology Piping Engineering ABLE 2 MINIMUM SAFETY DISTANCE FOR NON-TOXIC GASES: 7 — SL.NO | Water capacity Of Minimum distance | Minimum distance distanc | Vessels (in litres) from Building | between Pressure e orGroup of bldg fine Vessels of adjoining property t ‘Not above 2000 3 metres 1 metre w ‘Above 2,000 but "5 metres 1.5 metre | Not above 10,000 tl Above 10,000 but 10 metres: 02 metres: Not above 20,000 Nv Above 20,000 15 metres: Diameter of larger Vessel [TABLE —3 (CLEARANCES E CONSIDERED IN A (As per OISD guidelines ) lote : The distance specified above may be reduced by the Chief Controller in cases where he is of the opinion that additional safety measures have been provided. oa s © Vo 3 \ © Process units to flare Storage tanks class A/B Storage tank to vehicle unloading Vehicle unloading to baundary facing Storage tank periphery to boundary facing Electric substation to process unites Head room over main refinery roads Head room over main service roads Head room over, secondary roads OO ———— 30M 0.5D or 15M for class A/B, 6M for Class C 15M — Class AB 3M Class C 15M — Class AB 3M-— Class C ’ 15M Class AB 4.5M — Class C 15M 7.6M 6M 4.5M — for cranes 3.6M — for trunks 1S POOH CECO OCHS OC ECE OOOO EOE OC OCO CECE EOE OCEFe CCC COCO OOOOH OHO OEE OE EC ECO EEO ELOEES Se queweunsieaw WoW “a o a SisISISis/s 5 iz | |3}8|8| 8]8|8/8|8/2|8/8/8/2)3|8)8 (3|3|3/3|3/8/3/8/3)8/3/> SeeoaSsoua el sisi slalsisis syarwssa {[3|>]2} '$3300Ud fo) eaLwva LN] 3 =|] Bent ou09 ‘rte EB a) 28004 Oat ‘g seuepunog, “ajqeoudd® ION YN ‘s8e008 soueus}uIEW 10 so}e1edo ys OF WNW "wear eg Ain SaLLiows ‘Aven ya wun “wsz wnwoceyy le que} js06se} 049 jo sajoweyp oxy a1qnog ‘juB} 729610] Sy Jo 4819WEIP OuL ss300ud LIS" 440 lo FE Ypejaud 01 uoRoates oq pinoys suoneoo JoHLON sioseaiduso J 8/1810U96 Janod 3 ‘vey jo Bley Buseo.cu! TEU TH |S RET Fo POSMPAT OT UES fay ‘SSNqWE NoUvuUsiNiNY, FT LUVHO ONIOWdS SLNAWINDA Buidig ‘ABojouude 30 exraasuy eXpIANSpeccoccceccoeeeeene Suvidya Institute of Technology Piping Engineering CHAPTER-IVSuvidya Institute of Technology Piping Engineering Chapter IV PIPING DESIGN SPECICATIONS Pipeline sizing 4. PIPE SIZE LIMITATIONS ~~ Company practice imposes limitation on pipe sizes and establishes minimum size and wall thickness requirements for economy and utility . These limitation and requirements include 4.4. ODD SIZE nominal pipe sizes 1/8", 3/8", 1%, 2% and 5" are_not used _unless required by special condition . exception to this practice include Staplers Wo connscon af purchased equipments and 2% " NPS pipe required for hydrant valve ion. rotection system ip 1 2% * NPS pipe required for hydrant val protection syster 4.2. Minimum pipe and connection sizes TO support spacing ‘process lines and utility supply lines are 1° NPS or large . minimum pipe size in major pipe way is 2" NPS_where feasible. Where smaller lines are required, intermediate suppod. from larger lines in the pipe way shall be used to prevent excessive sagging ure adequate strength and minimum 4.2.4. Vents and drains_ vents connection and drain connection in piping normally are “NPS or larger minimum pipe size in major pipe ways is 2”__with the exceptions in piping serving slurries. abrasive fluids, or material s of high velocity are 1” NPS minimum. “~~~ 4.2.2 Instruments connection, general Except __as specifically noted , instruments take - NPS minimum. through the first block valve. off connection are ¥ 4,2. Orifice runs and connections Orifice connections are ¥%4" NPS for primary pressure “ating through ANS! 6001b3/4" NPS for ANSI 9001b and higher. #4 Level Connections connections in to vessel for external displacers or float-type instrument are 2" NPS flanged. Other connicetions are sized as required , but shall be not less than %" NPS through for the block valve. . Level gage connection shall be %" NPS minimum. Level gage columns shall be 2°NPS minimum, a ‘42'5 Temperature connections piping 11/2" NPS and smaller is enlarged to 2” NPS at ‘thermowell connections. 4.3 Minimum wall thickness_ minimum wall thickness for threaded pipe is Schedule 80 for carbon steel, schedule 40 for galvanized steel, and Schedule 40sor equivalent for other metals and alloys. Giinimum wall thickness for small branch take ~offs 1” NPS and smaller is Schedule 160 for ‘carbon steel, Schedule 40 for galvanized steel, and Schedule 80s or equivalent for stainless steel! and alloys-) Company thumb rules : up to 40 NB use 60 sch. Pipe and SUNB and above 40Sch 22uvidya Institute of Technology 2. SIZING OF PIPING LINES : Pipelines sizing aims toward determining the size for each line hat minimizes annual installed and operating costs. Several pipe sizing methods-are acceptable Piping Engineering (1)Short Cut Methods, Company —approved short ~cut sizing frethods may be used to obtain near — optimum size when it is necessary to size a large lumber of short, simples lines in a limited time. Examples of short-cut methods are shown in 1.28Td 23, \(2)Williams and Hazen Formulas Wiliams and hazen formulas _ found in the Cameron Hydraulic Data Book are the bases for sizing lines pressure drop is not critical. }3) Fanning Formulas_ fanning formula equations found in tables included in the Cameron Hydraulic Data Book are the bases for sizing lines requiring rigorous calculation of the line ressure drop. 2.1 Special Considerations In Sizing 2.1.1 Erosion The possibilty of erosion or erosion corrosion frequently require the use of iarger pe than that selected by short-cut or more rigorous sizing methods. Review the piping terial selection, type and velocity of fluid, and tentative pipe size with corrosion specialists if Arerosion protiom suspected 1.2 Compressible Flow Gas normally are treated as being incompressible if the pressure rop is less than 10 % & 40% of the absolute pressure, the drop can be closely approximated evaluating the physical properties, as if non-compressible, at the log mean pressure. hen the pressure drop exceeds 40 % of the inlet pressure, non compressible. If the system is “let-down" type, such as a relief valve with a known pressure drop but an unknown fiow, use the Laaple Charts in Perry's Chemical Engineer's Handbook, 4th Edition, page 5-25.) {f the pressure drop is distributed down the line (as would be the case in high vacuum system), lse the graph in “New Graphs for Solving Compressible Flow Problem’ by M.B Loeb in (Ghemical Engineering, vol.76, No. 11, pages 179 to 184 (19 May 1969)_} A\inen the flow in any part of a system reaches the velocity of sound, the flow become dependent of the downstream pressure. This ‘critical’ flow is encountered in relief valve zzles, fuel gas bumers, control orifices, etc. In general, the flow will be critical when the ressure drop across an orifice is over 50% of the upstream absolute pressure. Whenever the tual velocity in a line approaches 40 % of the sonic velocity, correction must be made in the fessure drop. Noise emission in this situation may exceed allowable levels; consult noise Aollution control specialists to assure compliance with OHSA and local requirement) 2 Sizing for Economics When the pipeline size has been determined by short-cut, rigorous, other methods, material and labor cost should te calculated roughly and checked against t for the next smaller pipe size. If the cost difference will be substantial for 1000 feet or more installed line, and if the difference in pressure drop between the two line sizes is acceptable, lect the smatler line. increase in pump size will be small, And increase in cost of operating the liagntly-largar pump will be negligible. 23SCeeeeeeeeeeeeseeoseeeeseeeeaeeeeoeeeees Suyidsat Institute of Lechnologs oping Lngineering PIPING DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS PIPING SYSTEM SELECTION AND APPLICATION. 1. PIPING SYSTEM SELECTION:- Pipe, fitting, flanges, gaskets, bolting, branch reinforcement, valves and other items that make up a complete piping system may be selected for Company projects by using several standard references: L* Piping System Specifications (PSS'S) A PSS is a materials specification, reviewed ‘and approved as a standard, which covers a compatible selection of piping materials, components, and construction methods. PSS' s pre-select materials of construction, together with methods of joining and quality of workmanship and inspection, in a manner that will assure an optimum balance of safety and economy for al fluids handled. See par. 2.1 When PSS' s are selected as the material specification for piping, they shall be used without modification unless, specific authority for modification is granted by the Engineer. 1 .2 Piping Specification for Project (PSP's) There may be occasions when the coverage of PSS’ s is not complete enough to meet project requirements, when an exotic material is needed for which no PSS is intended, or when unique project conditions require extensive modifications to the PSS. Then, the designer may. with approval of the Engineer and in cooperation with the Piping Specialist, prepare. A piping specification that meets the exceptional requirements. These specifications are titled Piping Specification for Project (PSP) ;The title connotes that they are to be used only to meet requirements Of a single project. PSP's must follow the format of PSS''s, and will be properly numbered by the Piping Specialist. 1.3. Pipe and Fittings Specifications Part 3.1 of the Piping Standards Manual contains materials specifications with pipe, fittings, And joining materials specified by materials of construction and pressure rating class. Valves, special fittings, and branch connections are not included in these specifications. It may be necessary to these specifications when designing jacketed piping or other unusual configurations. In these cases, the materials Specification may be used directly as part of the project specification, after review with the Piping Specialist 4.4 Hand — Operated Valves Part-p4~2-uf-the Piping Standards Manual lists, fully describes, and numbers all of the hand — operated valves approved as standard in Company practice. It may be necessary to refer to these valve lists when designing jacketed piping or other unusual configurations. in these cases, the valve number and description may be used directly as part of the project specifications, 4.5 Specialty Valves There may be occasions when a valve not listed in the vaive lists will be required for once — in — a — project use. In_ these cases, the Piping Standards Engineer will supply a description and a valve number in the "900" series for inclusion in the project specification. Z APPLICATION OF PIPING SYSTEM The application of piping system specification to project fluid service requirements may be expedited by referring to part P2.1 of the piping standards Manual. * This part contains two sets of usetui data The first is a Fluid Directory that tists, in-a series of ne line entries, the ‘operating condition and recommended PSS's for most of the primary and end-product process fluid a$ well as most of the utility fluids encountered in Company operation. Intermediate process fluids are not listed 24Suvidya Institute of Technology Piping Engineering isting are presented in five Tables titled Highly Hazardous, Hazardous, Highly Flammable, liammable, and tazardous, Data Supporting this separation and presenting hazardous or ammable fiuid properties are included in pl.2 STD 24, “Premises for Reliability Design”. Ihe PSS's listed in fluid Directory Table generally can be used with confidence, and a insiderable amount of time can be saved. However, ifthe fluid services for the project under nsideration is not listed in the fluid Directory Tables, or if there is doubt that fluid ‘aracteristics or pressurs/ temperature condition are the same or similar to those listed, insult CED or plant personnel experienced in handling the fluid for appropriate material of instruction and pressure class fating; them, consult the piping Standards Engineer for mmendation of an appropriate PSS. 11 Piping Reliability Classes Company classifies piping system in four classes of descending ‘pliability _ A.B, C. and D. All recognized by the code and are equally safe when used in propriate Services and environmental condition. The Reliability class for each Piping system ification is predetermined .The proper class for any other specification shall be determined the piping specialist. JOINING METHODS 1 Threaded System Threaded piping system are considered the most economical type of nstruction for non critical the services .Threaded piping system are not used for service higher than ANSI 300 Ib. laximum size for threaded piping is 1%" PNS, with the exception that galvanized piping for table water and air service may be threaded through 2° NPS. 2 Socket Welded System The cost of sacket-welded piping system is higher than the cost of hreaded piping system because of the cost welding joints Because of this cost differential, 1cket welded system normally are not used in critical services. Maximum size for socket —welded piping is 114" NPS, with the exception that 2" socket welding ‘ay be used economy so dictates. 3. Machine Flared and Flanged system Machine- flared and flanged piping system are stricted to non-critical service. Pipe sizes are restricted to 1” NPS through 4” NPS because of ring machine limitations. Jachines — flaring is acceptable for stainless steel, Monel, and nickel as well as carbon steel ping. In carbon steel flaring, electric resistance welded pipe meeting ASTM A587 specification roduces a better machine-flared lap joint than do ASTM AS3 or A106 seamless pipe. 4 Flanged and welded systems The economy of butt-welded piping joints, butt-welded tings, and butt-welding-end valves is realized except where flanged joints and maintenance fpaurement Flanged spool pieces are sized and located to facilitate cleaning and aintenance, and to minimize decontamination problems.e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e Suvidya Institute of Lechnology Piping Engineering 3.4.1. Flange Facings Raised face flanges are preferred for design temperature up to 750 F. Flat faced are used only in cast iron and brass. When bolting to steel the requirement in Par.3.42. are followed Above 750 Fring flange are prefered; other facing may be used, provided the gasket is analyzed for withstand line loading and expected thermal gradients and cycling _x4.2. Gasket and Bolting For classes C and D, bolting may be ASTM A307 Grade B and Sheet asbestos composition gasket are 1/8 inch thick. For Classes A and B, bolting shall be equivalent in strength to A193 Grade B7 and gasket shall be equivalent appropriate material. PIPING ELEMENTS Following are the piping components used in any Process Plant. 1. PIPE Metallic Pipes are available in seamless and welded (ERW/EFW) construction with single (@Mtr) and double random (11mtr) length. With Plain, Bevel and Threaded Ends. Applicable dimension standards are ASME 836.10 far C.S. and ASME 836.19 for S.S. Pipe. LAI pipes lines carrying toxic seamless Butt welded shall be used for 2°NB & above for alloy carbon steel or stainless steel piping where thickness is less all fittings could be bult wildings type. Welding tees shall be used for full size branch sizes up to steps less than run dial it can be fabricated, Fullsize un reinforced branch can be done where pressure temp condition are_ low PIPE CLASS ‘A Document indicating the dimensional & material specification of pipes, fittings, & valve Types is called pipe class, Each pipe class represents Zémp & pressure conditions “Corrosion allowances _Biature of service SELECTION OF PIPE CLASS: - The selection of piping class is based on 1. Generic material, which is given by process licensor 2. Temp & pressure condition 3. Nature of services, The few Imp Tips for preparation of piping olass Materials Carbon steel shail be used {er temp 425°c, because above grapintic takes place & faiture may occur. The graphitic is In which carbon: contents are converted . ow Temp steel shall be used for below -29 °c Alloy steel shall be used for Temp above 426°c SS. for corrosive fluids Galvanized stee! piping shall be used for drinking water, instruments Air, n2 clip etePiping Engineering Suvidya Institute of Technology Piping Joints Butt-welded connection shall be used for Alloy/carbon steel 2"NB Larger Alloy carbons steel piping 11/2 NB & below shall be seeing nection shal be avoided except in galvanizing piping ange Joints shall be minimized, as it is point Of potential leakage. It is point of potential Teakage. It may be used to connect piping to equipments or valves, connects pipe lines of dissimilar metals and where spool pieces are required to permit removal or serving of equipments squipments 2. FITTINGS (Elbow, Tee, Reducer, Cap, Couplings, Stub End, ‘O' let Fittings, Swage Nipples, Unions) Fittings are available in forgings and wrought (Seamless and welded) construction with Socket, Bevel, Threaded and Flanged Ends. ‘Applicable dimension standards are ASME B16.11 for Socket welded and threaded fittings. and ASME B16.9 for Wrought Fittings. End preparation for bevel end fittings are as per ASME B16.25., ‘0’ let fittings are covered under MSS-SP-97 or Bonney Forge Standard. ‘Although Stub ends are available in ASME. B16.9 but are generally referred to MSS-SP-43. FORGED STEEL PIPE FITTINGS Scd/SW/BW Ends SOCKET WELD TEE } « yr WEL rn purr wep eLaow BUG EEE BUTT WELD REDUCER 27Short Radius Elbow | (R=1D) Long Radius Elbow | (R=1.5D) ! Long Radius Return @ceceooaoeeceoe@eoecoeoec eee eoec eee eee eee eee 8 8Beeeeeeeesveeseeeeeeeoeeneoseeeoeeeneneneneone Suvidya Institute of Technology Piping EngineeringElbows - Socket weld wvidya Institute of Technology Piping Engineering ELBOWS make 90- or 45-deqree changes of tection in the run of pipe Concentric Reducer & Eccentric Reducer | |. Tae Bae Concentric Swage Nipple sages. 0 AGED MIPLES d eeoeeeeeeeeeseeeeseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseSnvidva Inctinite af Technalnow Pining Fneineerino» ~ t bot - | ZL Cc e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e eStub End - Class B DORE ES & Twfeaoeo LATERAL suneADEDMALFCOUPLING & FULL-COUPLINS “alf - Coupling eeeoeveoe Suvidya Institute of Technology Piping Engineering moore: —f As { spuzenge fz. Ee. REDUCER joins two diferent diameters of pipe. 2‘Suvidya Institate of Technology Piping Engineering 3. |FLANGES ‘Type of flanges commonly used are Socket Welded (SW), Threaded, Slip On (SO), Weld |Neck(WN), Blind Flange and on the basis of facing they can be categorized in to Raise Face (RF), Flat Face (FF), Ring Type Joint (RTJ), Tongue and Groove. (T&G), Male Female and lLap Joint(Lu). Flanges are made from forgings, however ifthe process conditions are not lsevere plate flanges can also be used. Flange Ratings are decided on the basis of pressure- temperature and material as per ASME 816.5. \Applicable standards for flanges is ASME B16,S (up to 24") and ASME 816.47 (26" to 48"), [Rating shall be based on pressure temp condition. However 150 LB flanges are not lpermitied beyond 200°C [Slip-on flanges are used for /galvanized steel/ cast Iron piping & where welding be carried lout ri Neck rating, for high pressure rating for critical services, where alll joints Needs radiographic inspection [The smooth finished when metallic gasket is used 105) canon race a lor NCREASER FLANGE e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e eSuvidya Institute of Technology Piping Engineeringuvidya Institute of Technology Piping Engineering }t. BOLT & NUT Two types of bolt are available in the market. Machine Bolt and Stud Bolt. They can be fully or partially threaded but full threaded bolts are preferred. {n Industry generally stud bolts are used as fasteners but for blind holes on equipments Machine bolt is the oniy option. Length of the bolts is calculated as per ASME B16.5. Nuts used are of hexagonal shape. And for machine bolts Hexagonal head is preferred. For low pressure, low tem machine bolt otherwise use studs The Bolts are provided with hexagonal head hexagonal nuts & Washer. STUDS are provided with hexagonal nuts & two Washers The length of Joints of all pressure class are specified in ANSI 16.5 (==> eum). |. GASKET, Gasket ¢an mainly be categorized in to two types — Metallic and Non Metallic. Metallic Gaskets are referred to ASME B16.20 and Nonmetallic to ASME B16.21. Metallic Gasket can further be divided in to Spiral Wound, Corrugated Metallic and Ring type Joint (RTJ) Gaskets. : 36Suvidya Institute of Technology CHAPTER-V WALWES , ° a ° » . e ° e ° e e e e e ° e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e ° e eSuvidya Institute of Technology Piping Engineering CHAPTER -V VALVES 4. GATE VALVES Gate Valve is an Isolation Valve which is not preferred to be used for regulalon Gate Valves a resigned to operate fully open or fully closed. Because they operate slowly they prevent fluid hammer, which is detrimental to piping systems. There von) little pressure loss through a gate wave. in the fully closed position, gate valves provide a positive seal under pressure. Got ever under very low pressure, ie. 5 psi, light seepage would not be considered abnormal with this kind of valve) Parts List and Materials of Construction Part oy. | material Note: YY atternatively valves can be provided. 2) Valves are also available in ASTM A3S with renewable seat rings. 1 OF2MICF12 Material py” Ti Description" . CLEA | Cast Stainless Steel type 316 or 304 Gate Valves-Bolted bonnet, outside screw and yoke Size range: 15 mm to 300 mm __/ | Flanged to ASA, DIN or BS for class 150 and 200 Gate Vaive. _Dimensions (mm) * asnes, ives 150, Caes900 Closed Open Py mf > rnd 10 ce 100 body "| asr ass crower Sex 1 | SSnwsererewers wehoe 1 | Asta eromers Se 1 | Aree BM se | (aionaatsaoe votes 1 | Bsns weer gs | 1 | Coons stg Giansrangs | asta] enaen ie 6 ned Gomoass | Avago eaaon Sel ated Gants SO cate ath pres gingeot |_| Exon tel lated | | te ker | # [esteh tec aes nt || lenamatetecois Mhawnen 1 |siaetitoncather Hangwiecl |g. egg) feommpeatted sous ore see Tenis esosSuvidya Institute of Technology Piping Engineering 2. BALL VALVES: Ball valve is also an Isolation valve but in some cases it is also used as a regulation valve. It is Prefetred where the quick ling/closing is de: Ball Valves are also designed to be ‘operated fully open or fully closed with any liquid containing particles that could scratch the ball, Many] people use them successfully for throttling clear water. Ball valves have low pressure drops, | opr and close quickly, are simple, and are trouble free. With the development of Teflon seals| val 'ave grown in popularity. Opening or close in a ball valve too qui n caus¢ fluid hammer. High performance and exceptionally low operat: (/IBROS Valves ace specially designed for inftoraue VIBROS Ball Valves arc available in. _“Steam service incorporating polvell cas which thibe pieceltwo-piece leak-tight construction in _can withstand stearn pressure upto 200 pe different sizes with full or regular port and (21 bart having threaded, socket wald ar flanged Every VIBROS Ball Valve is stringently air-tested at 80 psi (5.5 bar) for seat; and also hydro. statically tested at a suitable pressure for shell depending upon the body material, e.g.C. 5. body They are available in different material specifi- scd/Sw ends Ball Valves Body tested at 3000 Lbs. catlons for body, ball and seat. Hyd. & seat tested 2000 Lbs. Hyd. entis for various applications such as for air| gas, water, chemicals and also exclusively for|steam ser MATERIAL SPECIFICATION eons (mm) nq | Nameoreart [speciteation ee ree 1] eoay Carbon Steetaisi0s/216 | tp I - 18 6 | as | ia Body Connector | Carbon Steel/AIS! 304/316 | eH — an 7 el |e 2 ieee el a Ball ANSI30¢/316 4 i = ' 2 4 Body Seat PolyfilliPTFE oe 59 146 5 Body Seal PTFE 40, a 75 178 6 | | stem AISI 304/316 50 wz | 9 | 18Suvidya Institute of Technology Piping Engineering, 3. BUTTERFLY VALVES Butterfly Valve is also an Isolation Valve and in large bore itis preferred over gate valve due to its low weight and compact design. Butterfly valves, like ball valves, operate with a 1/4 turn, ‘They are generally used Tor handling large flows of gases or liquids. including slumies, but ; Thoid not be used for throttling for extended periods of time. They are also very compact relative to flanged gate and ball valves. sre fenge— 20 0 180°C range: PN 10 8 PNAS to ta0e dstance: 38 per wale shor 9155 water 00 sar portngtwogn anges Taper pin Plug Bush‘Suvidya Institute of Technology 4. GHOBE VALVES (ASA Sas) is a Regulation Valve. Globe valves, as'is the case with all valve designs, have both Jes and disadvantages. Like a gate, they close slowly to rottle the flow and they will not leak under low esian is that the "2" pattem restricts flow more than the gate, ball, or butterfly valves. Piping Engineering ure when they are shut off. Flow and ‘generally use the globe patfam. The disadvantage Cast Stainless Steel type 316 & 304 Globe Yalves-bolted bonnet outside screw and yoke Size range: 15 mm to 200 mm Flanged to ASA, DIN or BS for class 150 & 300 ND 10 & 16 2 Parts List and Materials of Construction No. Part Oy. ‘Material 1 |Body 1 [ASTMaasi cramicrs 2 [Bonnet 1] ASTM A351 Cremices 3 |Dise 1 | ASTM A351 CraMicrE. 4]Stem 1 Jalesstevatsi 304 5 |Gland Sieve 1 [aisi3ievasi 304 8 |Retaining Ring 1 [Aisi 3t6vaisi 304 7 |Yoke bush 1 | Phosphor Bronze 8 |Giand Flange 1 | Carbon SteeiCr. plated § [Clamping Stud | As reqd | Carbon Steel Cr. plated 10 |Clamping Nut Asreqd.| Carbon Steal Cr. plated 11 |Gland Bott 2” | Carbon Steet Cr. plated 12 [Gland Nut 2 | Carbon Stee! Cr. plated | 13 |Grub Screw 1 | Carbon Steet Cr. plated I 14 [Nut 1 | Carbon Steet Cr. plated \ | 15 [Washer 1 | Carbor?Stee! cr. plated i 16 [Hand Whee! 1 | Malteable ron/Cast iron 17 [Packing Asreqd.| Tetlon/impregnatod asbestos 18 |Gasket 1 [TefloniCompressed Asbestos 19|Seat_ 1 [Teflon 20 |Nut 1_[aisisisvaisi aoa Valves a Dimensions (mm) ‘180 available in ASTIN ASST CFVOMIGF 12 material 19 xo ee . 6 ee © * O207 je@eeoeeeeaoenoveeneeeene e e CCCCCCCHCHR EESuvidya Institute of Technology 5. PLUG VALVES res only a 90.degmetum to the ball valve, a plug valve has an unobstructed flow, yet requires fees i W also requires very litle headroom. Stem corrosion is a cause ousene no Screw ti tall plug valves now are furis! ymer-coat seal Sa cinta ower, ‘lug valves are available in much larger sizes than ball valves and are highly suitable for highly viscous fluid. Technical Data : Manutacturing Std. : MSS SP - 78 Vesting Sta. 85 S146, ‘End Connections :Flangod to BS 10 Table 0. E or E/ ‘Scrowed BSP / NT Material Body | GIS 210 GAFG 23) Plug ‘Gi(iS 210 GR FG 220) Som] Siaiioss Sieelaoa ——] Working & Test Pressures [ angen Oya I 0" 05 [| aso [ Seewedes> [iso [os [2 20 Tampes ass ies [1s [es | 0 [a | Es Material Specitications Body - Cast kon (1S 210 Gr. F& 220) Dimensions Pug Cast on (3 210 Gr FG 260) [Easier as "Nuts (Botts - Carbon Steo! [ergs toringe Liar [ veo" [ame | ant oe [aero : ' [Cento end (Somme [os [nie ase [ase [arpa pf Features ‘The simple and robust design of 'Hawat sel lubricat- ing plug valves makes them specially suitable for processing industries handling gases and liquids, where smooth flow of iquids without clogging, is essential Manufactured in close grain cast iron, Hawa self lubricating plug valves are precision built for longer lasting, trouble free service, The valves incorporate a rotary tapered plug in a laper seated body, with a device to renew lubri- cants. The lubricant eases plug rotation and also serves to complete the seat. ‘The valves provide an absolute tight shut-off with ‘self lubrication while in operation. { ‘The lubricant grooves in the plug and the corre- } sponding recesses in the valve body are so located i Az, Piping Engineering wits ihoie Institute of Technology Piping Engineering 6. CHECK VALVES It ip basically a directional Control Valve which allows the flow only in one direction. It is avgilable in Lift typeand swing type and now a-days wafer type check valve is also becoming ir because of its low weight and compact design. BY PASS VALVE HYDROSTATIC TEST PRESSURE: | TESTPRESSURE WDRKING PARTS. Leaded Tin Bronze alloy GM! & pee j | S.S. 18.8 AISI 304,15 6603) size oor SEAT | Naturalor Synthetic moulded rubber. Sous 125 25 18 MANUFACTURING STANDARD =: indian standard 15010300, 20 10 sso10600 16 8 RANGE COVERAGE soto 600mm. Temperature Range :O%C 1080" MATERIAL CONSTRUCTION No.| NAME OFPARTS MATERIAL TYPICAL EXAMPLE 1 Valve Body Grey Castivon 18:210FG200 1981 g 2 Valve & Body Seat Gunmetal, $8, Rubber 18/318, 18:660515:658 - 3 Gover Grey Gastiron _15:210FG700 1981 - 4 Hinge GroyCastiron [__18:210F6200 1981 | 6 Hinge Pin High Tensile Brass 5.5 197320/18:6603 j 6 Bots and Nuts MS. 1821367 7 : 7 |= Boor Grey Castlvon 18:210F6200 1981, 8 ~dointing materia! ‘Rubber Fiber Wsressis2712 Litt type @ Cast Steinies Steel type 316 and 304 Lift i check valves. 5 e Size range: 15 mni to 300 mm e Flanged to ASAIN or BS Tor clsss 150 | 300, ND 10 & 16 a e : Secionl View of 9 Cat SS Uh Check aa Parts List and Materials of Construction No Pen] wy] Man No] Pan avy |eorera 1 | aod | 1 Jasttasss crsamces | "sl Camping stud | assed. [Ceres ptt 2 [cover | 1 Jasriaasi cremuces | § | clampingnuc: | Actnd [Carbon Sete lated a |ove” | 1 [Asrmassicrocrs | & | Cael Tl Tatoncompressed oeSuvidya Institute of Technology Piping Engineering 7. NEEDLE VALVE Needle valve is a type of globe valve only with the wedge having needle shape. It is used for precise control of flow. Rest of all features are same as globe valve. 8 WAFER TYPE CHECK VALVE |Shvidya Institute of Technology 8,| DIAPHRAGM VALVES row Piping Engineering Diaphragm valves are used whenever either the fluid is highly corrosive or high degree of purity is|required in process e.g. pharmaceutical and food processing industry. | | woo — : a eT tomwnat Sue V Figo, 701 | Fag No. 702 [Fa No 709 | Fw No.70! [Fig Wo. 702 [Fate voa| ¢ g = =a a ee eee 99 [=| oT ‘ove to and cling 200 fre £00 ta ag 00 = INFORMATION REQUIRED WHILE NQUIRING7ORDERING, To-Foce Ommnsons of Flanged Vahes Covlorm 10 85 $1S6—1076 TECHNICAL'SERVICE + A team of qualified and woll-exporienced “engineers fs avalinble to guide tho useis regarding correct, Fluid to bp handled selection and application of Leader Valves, ‘Maximum Working Pressure and Temperature. 1. Whether flanges ‘re required diilled, f nothing is spectiad, flanges are Left undril 5. Scope of inspection fit ie ba caviod out at our design and data. gvor jorks belove despatch. ‘change without notico, |. Nominal Size and Figure Number. IMPORTANT Due to continubus davelopment in thie te ‘ogramme the arg subject to AS @eeeeeovoeee Ceoeseeeeeeoeneoseeeeeoeonee eee 8 7e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e > Suvidya Institute of Technology Piping Engineering 9. SAFETY VALVE ‘An automatic pressure relieving device actuated by the static pressure upstream of th valve, ‘and characterized by rapid full opening or pop action. It is used for steam, gas, or vapor service, 40. RELIEF VALVE ‘An automatic pressure relieving device actuated by the static pressure upstream of the valve, Which opens in proportion to the increase in pressure over the opening pressure. 14. SAFETY RELIEF VALVE ‘An automatic pressure actuated relieving device suitable for use as either a safely or relief valve, depending on application. 42, PRESSURE RELIEF VALVE ‘A pressure relief valve is a pressure relief device which is designed to reclose and prevent the further flow of fluid after normal conditions have been restored. ». lot vale, (Courtsy Grosby-Aanton Valve C2) ~ Satay valve (Courtesy Crosby-Ashton Valve Ee 327 OU ISLES‘Suvidya Institute of Technology Piping Engineering GHAPTER-VI POCO HSOOHE OE OOOOH EOE EOE O OOOO OOOO E EOE Sse e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e Suvidya Institute of Technology Piping Engineering A spare screen or basket makes clean-out easier. Just remove the dirty one and install the clean spare one. The line is back in service quicker and the dirty screen can be cleaned later And remember, nothing is quite as useless as a strainer without a basket or screen. If the basket breaks or gets lost or damaged, the line is out of service until a new one is located, purchased and installed, Having a spare on hand avoids this downtime problem. ® @ Oesermer Dimensions (apsoximete ia mm, For Say 3 c Tmax pRessune {SIZE BS 10 ANS! DIN, bag ell i | EUSIRANER Co lee ms [me 10 |e | tarem? © c ao | woo | eo [75 m0 I 2a | wos0 | 1a0_| a7 za 1905 200.0 225.0 98 |__ 220 r m6 | 220 | 2670 | 108 ' 2050 | a0 | 128 woo | emo] 30 26 ASd Supidya Institute of Technology Piping Engincering Chapter — Wt SPECIAL PARTS 4. [STRAINER - ‘Y’ TYPE AND BASKET TYPE Blisket strainers and Y strainers each have design parameters that will affect their success '0 eet applications, Taking a litle time to identify application specifics will insure that you Rea PPiraner thal wil perform as expected i your piping _ system “The first thing to determine isthe flow rate. Any flow rate over 150.gpm will mast likely require & 1 because of pressure drop considerations. Strainers are usually sized $0 that Eno greater than 2 psi, with a line velocity not to exceed 6 fps. On ssket strainers exhibit less pressure loss than Y strainers. The next application parameter is difficult to determine, but is important. You need to knew just The dirty the process media gets. Y strainer screens are smaller in dit holding capacity than tee tater baskets used in basket strainers. So, in a given application, a basket strainer will go Idnger between cleaning than a Y strainer will the screen of a Y strainer can be a vessy affait compared to a basket strainer. Remember: the strainer leg of the Y strainer must elow the pipeline, pointing down, to trap the debris. This means that when the ap TEmoved to clean the screen any fluid trapped in the strainer drains out and must be dealt with. pending on the process media, and the location of the strainer, this can Pe a significant oblem, lhis is also important because cleaning ist with a basket strainer. The hand removable cover of a Hayward “Just screw off the cover and lift out the basket to clean or replace it his problem doesn't exi asket strainer is on top. fal Y strainers sometimes have a blow-down connection on the cap to permit cleaning the orn without removing the cap. This is not recommended with a plastic Y strainer because Meee inthe. cap would weaken the strainer and affect its pressure rating 5, i the application requires infrequent cleaning and the process media is environmentally ere ay stramner should work. Ifthe opposite is true and the straner will be cleaned often and raid is less than friendly, a basket strainer is the answer. if in doubt, select the basket Neainor every time. It may cost a bit more but will stay in service longer between cleanouts, and t will be easier to clean. 's in the screen or basket is another consideration. Hayward plastic Y Sainer screens are only available in, 1/32" perforation. Hayward basket strainers, depending 9” Size come with 1/32", 1/16", 1/8" or 3/16" perforation plastic baskets. Stainless steel baskets See crowns are available with perforations from 40 microns up to 1/2", for both basket and Y strainers Isize of the perforations If a vertical installation is Installation orientation of the strainer must be considered, also. ically or planned, a Y strainer is the one that will work. Y strainers can be installed either horizontally. A basket str ly Whether you choose a Y or basket strainer, a spare basket or screen should always be purchased at the same time, There are several good reasons for this AYeeeeaoeeascoeoneoeeeoeoeceooaoseeoeosvaeeeeoaeeoeeeeeee Suvidya Institute of Technology Piping Engineering 2. STEAM TRAPS Having gone to a lot of expense in generating steam and installing a distribution system we now need to get it to i's various users around the plant as efficiently as possible. Efficiency translates into getting it to the users with a minimal loss in latent energy at a reasonable cost ‘This is where the steam trap comes in. Without steam traps unabated condensate would form in distribution piping, creating a wide range of problems. In addition there would be no essential ‘control at the users. Steam would enter a set of tubes or a coil at one end and come out the Gther as either steam, condensate or a two-phase mixture of the two; very dangerous, damaging and wasteful By installing steam traps in strategic locations throughout the distribution system we can alleviate those problems. A steam trap on the outlet side of a he: er allows the steam to reside there unti all ofthe latent heat eneray is transferred and the accumulated condensate \e-cartied off With proper placement and specification of steam traps for these purposes we Can create and maintain an efficient, cost effective steam supply and distribution system. In knowing this, the next step is to determine the best trap to use for a given application. So lets take a look at the various types of traps and what each is or is not suited for. In identifying steam traps we can break them down into three main groups: Thermodynamic, Thermostatic and Mechanical _THERMODYNAMIC: In addition to downstream flash steam assist, this type of trap operates on ‘the difference in velocity or kenetic energy between steam and condensate passing through a fixed or modulating orifice. ¢’= 7 99d _AFIERMOSTATIC: This type of trap operates on the principle of expanding liquids and metals Used to drive a valve into or back it away from a seat.Sor' “err (deaf MECHANICAL: This trap is made up of mechanial apparatus that are driven by the density of the condensate to operate a float or a bucket. Ona generic basis, let us take a look at the various types of traps within each group. Generic is used because the various manufacturers have several different designs of the same basic trapping principle. What we will discuss here are the primary trap designs in each category. For instance, within the Thermodynamic category of traps there are the orifice, disc, impulse or piston and labyrinth types. We will only discuss the orifice and disc types because of their predominance. 7 THERMODYNAMIC STEAM TRAPS Orifice Type - Description This is nothing more than a steel plate with a hole. Some are styled after a pancake blind and others are made as an integral part of a union. The basic principal behind this trap is that the expatided volume of steam compared to condensate has a thrcitling effect at the orfice. With a properly sized orifice, condensate, at its lower specific volume will pass through the opening at 3 comparatively slow velocity. As steam begins to reach the orifice plate the condensate will beain to expand. As the condensate expands, the velocity through the orifice will increase and the throttling action «will start to take place. According to the laws of physics, you can have mass flow or you can have increased velocity through a fixed opening but you cannot have both. Consequently, once steam reaches the orifice the velocity has increased to such a point that the pressure drop across the orifice creates the throttling effect. If you were to watch this in ‘action it would appear that there is, indeed, steam passing through the orifice. What you would actually be seeing is flash steam. This occ 3 when condensate, at a higher pressure, is so( Suvidya Institute of Technology Piping Engineering assed to @ lower pressure. A portion of the sensible heat content of the condensate at the igher pressure will become latent heat at the lower pressure and flash to steam. We will jiscuss flash steam in more detail a little later. it the dnly good thing that can be said for this type of trap is that it has no working parts to il and it requires very little space for installation. isadvantages to this trap are its limited capacity range, its inability to discharge a large volume f air at startup and its tendency to be nothing more than a leak source whea live steam aches the orifice. If live steam is allowed to blow through the orifice for an extended period 'e orifice can become enlarged through erosion. This, over time, provides a larger, more Hratic, opening. Which, in tum, provides an increasingly larger and costlier leak source. Drifice Type - Applications ‘he orifice trap, although not practical as an in-service steam trap, does have its place. Where smporary steam trapping is required for a short period of time the orifice trap is an inexpensive nd practical solution. Ip the event that a trap has failed and a permanent replacement is not available, a calculated rfice can be temporarily installed with reduced down time and minimal expense. |] a permanent by-pass has been installed around the trap an orifice can be installed in that by- jass along with a throttling valve. This alleviates the need to blind throttle the steam when the ly-pass is placed into service. The calculated orifice will automatically throttle the by-pass iminating the need to guess at how many tums to open and set the throttling valve. Should le orifice be oversized (a probable indication would be water hammer in the receiving ndensate line) the installed throttling valve can serve as backup to correct i. isc Type - Description jside from the orifice trap this is probably the simplest trap on the market and yet is the most lely used. The disc trap is made up of three primary components: the body, the cap and the sc. Like the orifice trap, the operation of the disc trap utilizes the difference in specific volume tween steam and condensate. With flow moving through a fixed orifice this translates into a ference in velocity between steam and condensate. Operation of the disc trap also utilizes ish steam as an operating force to work in conjunction with the velocity of the steam =o. order to understand the operation of the disc itself we have to know the principle under which operates. Bemoull's Principle, simply stated: THE PRESSURE OF A FLUID (LIQUID OR JAS) DECREASES AT POINTS WHERE THE SPEED OF THE FLUID INCREASES, oz ying this to the disc trap we are, in fact, creating a low pressure zone between the disc and ats whenever we increase the velocity of the steam or condensate flowing through this zone. addition we are providing a small chamber for the accumulation of flash steam above the dic. Fig. 1 shows a simple disc trap_ As flow, in the form of condensate, moves into tne trap id through the inlet orifice it forces the disc to lift, allowing the condensate to pass through id out the| outlet. As, the temperature of the condensate reaches it's saturaton point a centage of that condensate will flash as it exits the inlet orifice. When steam reaches the et orifice two things will immediately happen: the velocity will increase sufficiently to create a Pressure zone between disc and seats pulling tne disc down upon the seats. At the same 'e flash steam will have formed behind the disc and, with the exit orifice sealed off, the ssure induced by this non-escaping flash steam will hold the disc in place. The disc will iain in place until the flash steam has condensed, thus allowing the disc to open again sl @eeeevoeeeeoeveeeeeoeeeoeeeseoeoeeeoeoscoee seen es@@CSeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeoeoeeee SCeeeseeeese Suvidya Institute of Technology Piping Engineering Fig. 1 - Thermodynamic Disc Trap, You can see by this that the governing factor behind the operation of the disc trap is the flash steam. The amount of condensate that accumulates upstream of the trap is dependent upon the amount of time the flash steam remains in that state. This, in essence, is what regulates operation of the trap. Since the flash steam is contained in the cavity under the cap the length of time that the flash ‘steam exists as such depends on the amount of heat transfer through that cap. What regulates the trap is the ambient temperature the trap is subjected to. If we were to watch an uninsulated disc trap, open to grade, on an outside installation we could observe the change in the frequency of cycles the trap would go through from summer to winter. Providing that the only change in heat transfer rate is caused by the change in ambient temperatures the cycles in the winter would be more frequent than in the summer owing to the additional heat loss in the colder temperature. This would, at the same time, compensate for the added heat transfer loa that the unit being trapped would realize. Unlike the mechanical traps that follow, the cycle of this type of trap depends on the condensing rate of the flash steam that keeps the disc closed. By performing a simple test, of, pouring water over the cap of a trap discharging to atmosphere, we can see abruptly, the Change in the cycle of the trap as it quickens. Inversely we can put an insulation cap on the trap and see the cycles slow. It is obvious that the discharge of condensate is dependent upon the resident time of the flash steam in the disc chamber and not on the build-up of the condensate itself. With that in mind, allowances regarding the upstream length (or more appropriately, the capacity) of the piping will have to be made for the installation of the disc trap. The trap itself is very compact, which adds to its popularity, but does not allow it to store condensate. Any build- Up in condensate will take place in the piping upstream of the trap. Consequently the smaller the pipe and the more condensate that accumulates between cycles, the further upstream the condensate will backup. If the trap is inadvertently insulated it will compound, the situation by not allowing the flash steam, holding down the disc, to condense more readily allowing the condensate to pass. In too many cases the disc trap has been installed as close as possible to the drip leg which puts it in close proximity to the unit itis trapping. If you have access to equipment, particularly unit heaters, that are using a disc trap mounted within approximately 6" of the drip leg and they have been installed in this manner for several years please inspect them. What you are likely to find is a corrosion problem that will be apparent by leaking at pipe joints and within the lower section of the unit heater coils. With a little research you may even find that in some of the older locations, units have been replaced or repaired one or more times. The cause of this is the continual backup of condensate, under pressure, into the piping and ‘equipment. As inentioned earivr this condensate can be very corrosive if noi removed quickly. ‘Allowing the condensate to repeatedly backup into the piping and equipment is essentially the same as allowing it to reside there. In addition, by allowing the condensate to backup into the equipment the heat transfer efficiency of the unit will fall off proportionately to the area that is flooded aevidya Institute of Technology Piping Lingineering most cases placing the trap 12" to 18" from the drip leg will provide enough of a reservoir to jevent condensate from backing up into the equipment. If there are space constraints keep in lind, the distance from drip leg to trap does not have to be in a strait line, }sc Type - Application This type of trap is an excellent general service trap that can be specified for both saturated or sper heated steam. Although it operates well throughout a wide pressure range please verify it low pressure limitations with the manufacturers literature. This trap will have a low pressure lipit that it will need to exceed in order to pass condensate. Nor should it be used where steam throttling could fluctuate pressure at the trap to near atmospheric pressures. Within its capacity rdnge this is an excellent trap for a wide range of applications. The disc trap is lightweight, compact, easy to install, easy to maintan, withstands waterhammer ald is relatively less expensive than other types of traps. When a slow warm up is part of the sthrt-up procedure it is an excellent trap for automatic start-ups. if, during start-up, steam is infroduced suddenly to a system, without benefit of a warm up cycle, the rush of air preceding the condensate and steam to the trap will create enough velocity across the trap seating sjrface to force the disc to close. Disabling the system in this manner is referred to as air binding. Since there is no flash steam to keep the disc closed the disc will have a tendency to fitter, or chatter. Although it will continue to discharge air it will prevent the trap from dibcharging it at the necessary rate. In| the case where steam is introduced without warm-up it is recommended to either provide additional valving for blowdown during start-up or specify a different type trap altogether. There is a tendency to consider the disc trap as self-draining. In the event that the steam supply is|shut off to the trap, the trap installed in the vertical and the discharge down and open to mosphere, it is suggested it will drain any remaining condensate. This of course is a major Insideration when designing for freeze protection fhat actually occurs when the supply of steam is shut off is the following: the steam remaining that isolated section of pipe will continue to condense. Initially the disc in the disc trap will main open, With some residual pressure still in the line condensate will continue to drain ugh the trap. As the steam condenses and its volume collapses it will attempt to draw in side air to replace that lost volume. When this occurs the displacement air will be pulled in rough the trap orifice, its only path in. As the displacement rate increases the velocity of air I force the disc down onto the seat to close off that section of pipe or tubing between the sam shut-off valve and the trap. With that section of piping closed off the condensing steam I create a vacuum essentially locking the disc in its closed position. With residual condensate aining in the line that section now, has the potential to freeze. are three general ways of preventing this. One is to install a vacuum break in a high point tween the shut-off and the trap. The second is to install an ambient sensing valve in a low int between the shut-off and the trap. Both of those methods will control the situation tomatically, The third is to install @ low point, manuai drain valve between the shut-off and the Ip Jere is also a fourth method to be considered. Armstrong manufactures a valve that operates an automatic low point drain. it operates essentialiy ike a vacuum breaker with 2 set paint at SIG. itis simpiy a ball check in which the ball remains in its seat as long as the steam line is {der pressure...The ball is under 5 pounds tension from a spring that is attempting to push the ll off of its seat. If steam pressure is shut off to the line and the in-line pressure drops to 5 IG oF less the valve will open to drain the accumulated condensate. s3 e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e @ e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e eSuvidya Institute of Technology Thermodynamic Traps Model TD. Description Sizes and Pipe Connections (8 and 20 NB red BSPTNPT imiting Conditions PMO ~ Max. operating pressue for SW ont 0 kgm TMO — Max. eparating tomer wre Cots nvore tot pes 80 ico PMOB™= Masur nisin bx jess om out should nt Optional extras TUB tn nslaning cover nt op beng ud nlaenced by excosse when sutpeted A) spa res, en, 0 LJ 103 to low outed te Installation Salient Features 1 Complote staves ste constructs ersares etter 2) The dsc and sea arden by a spc! wasn Hae harmanering conten aed gaskets 50 14) Condensate entry below the ase concen Eneuros clean and pave of adeqntoy twge ares esate ong 2» 61. An inbuilt stom 5 Capacity Chart : CAPACITIES . CONDENSATE KGINAL “ENTIAL PRESSURE IN BAR| luvidya Institute of Technology Piping Engineering lhe Balanced Pressure type trap operates on the principal of liquid expansion due to an increase in temperature. The liquid is contained in a bellows (Fig. 2) internal to the steam trap \d fixed at one end. Integral to the bellows is a vaive attached to its free end. ihe liquid in the partially filed bellows can be as simple as distilled water under vacuum or an Icoho! combination to reduce its vapor point to a lower degree than water. At ambient nditions the bellows is contracted with the valve away from the seat. When steam, or ndensate near it's saturation point, comes in contact with the bellows the liquid inside the Bellows expands and drives the valve into the seat closing off steam flow. As the steam condenses, collects and cools, the bellows will cool and contract, backing the vplve away from the seat and allowing the accumulated condensate to pass. As the condensate 'sses through the trap and is replaced by steam the bellows heats up again. As steam comes contact with the bellows it expands and closes the valve, shutting off flow. As you can see jis trap is not governed not only by the pressure differential but rather by the temperature of je steam and condensate. oe I trap is excellent on start-ups, automatic or manual. It remains in its full open position allowing for the removal of air and condensate until steam comes in contact with the bellows. Additionally it is a relatively small, lightweight trap that handles a wide range of condensate \dads over a wide range of pressures. One concem with this trap is its susceptibility to water hammer. When specifying this type of trap, consider the potential for water hammer if the trap djscharges into a common header or‘sub-header. If that potential exists specify a check valve {tg be installed downstream of the trap and prior to its connection to a common header. Although there are designs of this type of trap that will operate in super heated conditions it is ;nerally not recommended for that service. If you feel the need to use this trap in super heated vice check the manufacturers recommendations before specifying. go lications include drip legs, heating coils, steam tracers and various process requirements. sideration, as in the disc trap, must be given to providing sufficient upstream piping pacity for the accumulation of condensate. As with the disc trap, the designer should provide ah upstream reservoir sufficient enough to contain the residual condensate preventing it from ‘backing up into equipment. A 12" to 18" run of pipe, in most cases, should be sufficient. If the Ppssibilty exists for the flow rate of condensate to fluctuate to a point at or above the capacity of the trap a longer or larger diameter section of pipe may be required in order to contain the ndensate between the trap and equipment. SPCCSCSHCOCHCSCHECHCHCOCCHOOCHSO OCHS OCOHOOHOOCHEOCEEOSESeeeoeooeoeceeoecoooeoooooeooeoeeooeoeoe se eee eee et Suvidya Institute of Technology Piping Engineering THERMOSTATIC STEAM TRAPS: Balanced Pressure Type - Desor The Balanced Pressure type trap operates on the principal of liquid expansion due to an increase in temperature. The liquid is contained in a bellows (Fig. 2) internal to the steam trap and fixed at one end. Integral to the bellows is a valve attached to its free end. The liquid in the partially filled bellows can be as simple as distilled water under vacuum or an alcohol combination to reduce its vapor point to a lower degree than water. At ambient conditions the bellows is contracted with the valve away from the seat. When steam, or condensate near it's saturation point, comes in contact with the bellows the liquid inside the bellows expands and drives the valve into the seat closing off steam flow. As the steam condenses, collects and cools, the bellows will cool and contract, backing the valve away from the seat and allowing the accumulated condensate to pass. As the condensate passes through the trap and is replaced by steam the bellows heats up again. As steam comes in contact with the bellows it expands and closes the valve, shutting off flow. As you can see this trap is not governed not only by the pressure differential but rather by the temperature of the steam and condensate. Fig. 2 - Balanced Pressure Thermostatic Tra Balanced Pressure Type - Application This trap is excellent on start-ups, automatic or manual. It remains in its full open position allowing for the removal of air and condensate until steam comes in contact with the bellows. ‘Additionally it is a relatively small, lightweight trap that handles a wide range of condensate loads over a wide range of pressures. One concer with this trap is its susceptibility to water hammer. When specifying this type of trap, consider the potential for water hammer if the trap discharges into'a common header or sub-header. If that potential exists specify a check valve to be installed downstream of the trap and prior to its connection to a common header. ‘Although there are designs of this type of trap that will operate in super heated conditions it is generally not recommended for that service. If you fee! the need to use this trap in super heated service check the manufacturers recommendations before specifying, Applications include drip legs, heating coils, steam tracers and various process requirements. Consideration, as in the disc trap, must be given io providing sufficient upstream piping capacity for the acoumulaticn of condensate. As with the disc trap, ine designer should provide an upstream reservoir sufficient enough to contain the residual condensate preventing it from backing up into equipment. A 12" to 18" run of pipe, in most cases, should be sufficient. If the possibility exists for the flow rate of condensate to fluctuate to a point at or above the capacity of the trap a longer or larger diameter section of pipe may be required in order to contain the condensate between the trap and equipment.e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e Suvidya Institute of Technology Piping Engineering Fig. 3 - Bi-Metallic Thermostatic Tras Bi-Metal Type ~ Description Like the Balanced Pressure trap, the Bi-Metallic trap is also governed by temperature variations. However, as the name suggests it does so by utilizing the differing expansion rates ‘of metals when exposed to temperatures above or below ambient. By laminating two dissimilar metal strips and exposing the resulting composite to elevated temperatures the differing expansion rates of the composite metal stip will cause it to bow. The higher the temperature the more extreme the bow. ‘The reaction of the Bi-Metal composite is utilized in several different forms with various valve and seat arrangements. The two most widely used designs are variations of the bellows style. (One uses Bi-Metal circular discs. The two sets of Bi-Metal laminates are joined at the perimeter with the metal layer of each Bi-Metal disc having the lower rate of expansion facing each other. Several sets of these joined discs may be stacked to increase the force applied when they expand. Through the center of the stacked discs is a rod, which is attached to the upper most disc. The rod runs through the sets of discs then through a seated orifice. At the end of the rod is a valve. In the relaxed or ambient condition the discs are flat against one another. In their hot condition each set expands against itself causing the bellows to expand. As the bellows expands it draws the valve into the seat of the orifice blocking off the flow of steam. Bi-Metal Type — Application Like its Balanced Pressure counterpart, this trap is excellent on start-ups, automatic or manual. It remains in its full open position allowing for the removal of air and condensate until steam comes in contact with the Bi-Metal element. Additionally it is a relatively small, lightweight trap that handles a wide range of condensate loads over a wide range of pressures. The Bi-Metal trap is more resistant to water hammer than the Balanced Pressure trap. This makes it a good alternative when a thermostatic trap is the first choice and the potential for water hammer exists, ‘Applications include drip legs, heating coils, steam tracers and various process and utility requirements. Consideration, as in the disc trap, must be given to providing sufficient upsiream piping capacity for the accumuiation of condensate. As with the disc trap and the Balanced Pressure trap, the designer shotld provide an upstream zeservoir sufficient errough, to contain the residual condensate preventing it4rom backing up into equipment. A 12” to 18" run of pipe, in most cases, should be sufficient. If the possibility exists for the flow rate of condensate to fluctuate to a point at-or above the capacity of the trap a longer or larger diameter section of pipe may be required in order to contain the condensate between the trap and equipment. séSuvjdya Institute of Technology Piping Engineer tion ae Try at Vest eo wt tc ha Ate Des¢| seer raving OH rut eat gst Sizeq and Pipe Connections 15 NO} and 20 NB Seren BSPTINPI Socks] Weidate Ens Limifing Conditions Ldananfrn Opixaing Condos PMO] Max Operating Pressure 20 ba TWO | Max Operating Tearperatane: 205 Cold Hparautc test plessure “22 Matérials. Ware I Fong Cian Set 008 at Troan St Ti 308 3 1 Stories Sel _AS1 204 ' 3 Seat Siamese StS 08 i 5 over ter Compassed Abostos Fixe 5 poor Foiged Caton Stoei 15 2008 7 To few tthe Set too oe = 4 F —— ‘aioe spa.es are shown ove Lan fporoves BFF 2 and AV 21 ca be supped on eaLEst : ® snsiot 5 (approximate) in millimetre: | | Dinipntlol eee she. A c ° cama iM a 0 7 8 t SS t | i ‘As dandard the tap « supplied wit ihog C which wel operate Sees Sep buanatey 20 baton sear temperate gz | ts th opin alefpatve the Wop can be supated wh ing O 2 H4e | A. oer ate paronmatey We below seam teroenue, 83 dB : [Now «If thy) aternpuwe capsule ts requied this must be clearly H 33) | Siar on thaowdel eg, capsule 10 havo Oa & sade a | Capsule Filing For AV-21 8 tae Ditterentiat Pressure bar ( 100 = xPa) 1s Jtandacd the AY 21 15 sunptes : Hot Water Capacity Cold Water Capacity -—=—— e . @ @ @ @ @ e @ @ Caffsule Filling For BPT 21 Capacities: ChartFor BPT 21 » el! @ @ e e e e e e e e e e eSuvidya Institute of Technology Piping Engineering iquid Expansion Type. iption This type of trap, like the other thermostatic traps, is designed to respond and control the release of condensate relative to the temperature of that condensate. This trap (Fig. 4)co an oil-filled cylinder encasing a sealed bellows with an enclosed piston driven rod with a'valve ‘on one end. When the temperature of the condensate, flowing through the trap housing, begi to rise the oil in the cylinder begins to expand in response. As the oil expands it drives the rod assembly toward a valve seat located in the inlet of the trap body. As the condensate surrounding the cylinder cools down the oil contracts allowing the rod assembly to retract from the valve seat. Condensate begins to flow unti it heats sufficiently to close the valve again. The Liquid Expansion Trap also has an adjustable nut on one end. This allows the set temperature to be adjusted within the operating range of the trap. . Hames Nhe Adwctersd Sut PSH Faro Mead Se aun bal Set Fig. 4 - Liquid Expansion Trap Liquid Expansion Type — Application The Liquid Expansion Trap has limited use in trapping steam. It releases condensate at or below an adjustable set point of 212° F. Normal operation subjects the piping and equipment Upstream of the trap to condensate flooding. In some situations this is acceptable. This trap cannot respond to a wide fluctuation in steam and condensate temperatures either. The type of service this trap is most suited for would be something on the order of maintaining a storage tank temperature. A condition that is constant and does not require response to sudden changes in heat transfer rates or continual wide shifts in temperature. MECHANICAL STEAM TRAPS. Inverted Bucket Type — Description Next to the Disc Trap this is the most widely used trap in the industry. It can arguably be said that this trap is overused, It has such a wide use range that it is probably specified out of ‘misunderstanding in a large number of situations. These aren't necessarily situations where this type of trap wouldn't work but rather situations where a less expensive, smaller, possibly longer lasting type of trap could have been applied. This trap (Fig. 5) operates on the principal of an inverted water giass (tite cornponent referred to as the bucket). The air and CO, entrapped in the inverted bucket provides buoyancy keeping the inverted bucket in its raised position. Extending partially inside this inverted bucket is a dip tube, which is where the condensate and steam enter. In the top of the inverted bucket is a vent hole. This allows air and CO, to continually discharge. Attached to the top of tHe inverted bucket is a lever and valve assembly, which is attached to a valve seat insert. On start-up, the initial surge of condensate, which precedes the flow of steam, will provide the liquid prime needed to make the Inverted Bucket trap work. That prime is what seals the bottom open portion oj the bucket. Without it, steam would enter the bucket through the dipitube flow SBSuvidya Institute of Technology Piping Engineering ‘out the bottom of the inverted bucket and pass through the outlet. At times, due to transient surges, super heat conditions or a transient vacuum condition, a trap may lose its prime. An ‘obvious indication of this is a sudden water hammer Problem in the condensate retum ‘system due to the trap allowing steam to blow through because the water seal is not there to retain the ‘steam. ‘The trap operates by entrapping steam in the prime sealed inverted bucket as it enters through the dip tube. As the steam resides in the inverted bucket it condenses. At this point there are {two issues that have to be resolved in order for the trap to function properly: 1, As the steam condenses inside the bucket, a portion of the air and CO, dissolved within the condensate has to be released. If the CO; is not released from the condensate, and remains dissolved, it forms [carbonic acid having a detrimental effect on carbon steel, cast iron and bronze material; 2. If the released air and CO are not evacuated they will accumulate until they bind the trap, Preventing it from functioning, In order to evacuate the released air and CO; a vent hole is provided in the top of the inverted Jbucket. The hole is sized to allow the air and CO, to escape the bucket and flow out through the |discharge at a rate that will insure that a residual amount remains to help maintain buoyancy for Ithe bucket. : A proportional volume of air and CO2 inside the bucket keeps the bucket raised, keeping the /alve closed. As the condensate accumulates and displaces the volume of air and CO, it Feaches a point at which the bucket can no longer sustain its buoyancy. At that point the bucket rops pulling open the valve and allowing condensate to flow out through the discharge. [This trap is specified based on the differential pressure between the inlet and outlet pressures f the trap. With the length of the vaive lever fixed the differential pressure is used to determine the weight of the bucket. The result allows the bucket to lift and reset the valve after dumping its pondensate. The calculated weight of the bucket also allows the bucket to drop against the ipstream pressure when it's full of condensate. 4 indicated earlier, the inverted Bucket Trap is used for @ wide range of applications. It has {uch a general use range that designers, engineers, mechanical contractors and maintenance fersonnel tend to gravitate to the Inverted Bucket as a reflex rather than through a determining jrocess. Because of this there is money being wasted not to mention misapplication in size and :nction, services where a 1/2" Disc“Trap could have been specified 1 1/2" Inverted Bucket Traps ve been installed. In too many cases like that it is apparent that whoever specified those feam traps didn't know what they were doing. if you don't know what you are doing or your not Hire, contact one or more steam trap manufacturing representatives. But, as always, when Sq :e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e Suvidya Institute of Technology Piping Engineering working with someone who is trying to sell you something, DO: YOUR: HOMEWORK. Be ready to both ask questions as well as provide them with proper, concise information. They would much rather help you size and match the trap for the application than repeatedly get, called back for something that doesn't work properly. They're in business to make money and they can't do that by spending time at your facility replacing poorly specified traps or oy loosing customers due to ineffective engineering assistance. ‘The Inverted Bucket Trap can be used over a wide range of pressures and temperatures to trap process and utility equipment, as a drip trap and in selected HVAC service. It can be installed inside or outside. However, if an Inverted Bucket Trap is specified for outside service in a freezing environment, a stainless steel type would be highly recommended. These encapsulated traps, like Armstrong's mode! 1010, have the capacity, due to their material of construction, to withstand inadvertent freeze ups. When condensate inside the trap freezes, the trap expands like a balloon. Once thawed it goes right back into service. Should this occur it is always a safe bet to replace the trap at the next opportune time. It isn't suggested that these traps be placed into a potential below freezing environment without freeze protection. On the contrary, if the possibility of freeze up exists then the designer should take steps to configure the installation, heat trace the trap and piping or otherwise design an installation that protects the trap from freeze up. However, these stainless steel encapsulated traps are an excellent final protection against having to shut down a line or system because several steam traps ruptured and have to’be replaced. Materials c for1SNB&20NE for25N8. a z Stanlessstoo 5 Stainless sos! i Mascon | © Vawe Guide ioe Staniess tea 7 Cowes Gasket CAF | 8 VaNeSeat Stainioss steel | 2 vave Stanlers soot \ To vavetever Stanioss soot 1) Fone Stainless 12. Stainer Sean St 12 Strainer C0 ___Stariess tel 1 Pg Buinosesteet id Sizes and pipe connections: R09. 15 Ne seraned BSPTINPY HxN0-20 NB. serowed BSPTINPT HAH? 25 NB, serewed BSPTNP™ Limiting Conditions: Cuan test pressu star SIZES 15 & 20NB 6osine Institute of Technology Piping Engineering. the name implies, the Float & Thermostatic Trap utilizes two individual mechanisms that Fate in conjunction with ‘one another. The float operates a valve'(Fig. 6) that controls the of condensate. The thermostatic element controls the release of air and CO,.The t itself, which is normally a ball type, is located in the lower portion of the trap body. It is \ched to a rod which is, in tum, attached to the body of the trap in such a way that it is free to about that point, allowing the float the freedom to move vertically. Near the end where the is attached to the body a valve is attached to the rod. The valve is positioned so that when float is at rest the valve is seated in the outlet of the trap. The thermostatic element is located in the upper part of the trap body. One end of the element is|fixed allowing the opposite end with an attached valve to move in and out of a seated vent jarge opening located in the body of the trap. That vent discharge is connected to the 1arge for the condensate. In its retaxed position the valve is pulled away from the seat. jth the trap out of service the float rests in its bottomed out position, with the valve closed. e thermostatic vent element is in its contracted position with its valve open. As steam is 1ced to the system and begins to move through the piping it will force the volume of air in piping out ahead of it. This air is forced out of the system through the opened thermostatic, int. Depending upon the length of the piping the steam will initially condense in the piping Fe it gets to the trap. As the condensate enters the trap and begins filing the trap body the t will rise pulling the valve off of the discharge seat. This allows the condensate to be joved immediately. jth the thetmostatic vent and the condensate discharge both in their open positions steam ins to enter the trap. As this happens the heat of the steam causes the thermostatic element ‘expand closing off the vent orifice. However, as long as there is a sufficient condensate level the trap the condensate outlet orifice will remain open. This trap is self-regulating. It does not through the fil/discharge cycles like most other traps. If the condensate enters at a constant e it will discharge ata continuous and constant rate. the steam condenses the released air and CO, will accumulate at the top of the tap, around thermostatic vent. This provides an insulation barrier from the heat of the steam allowing thermostatic vent to cool down sufficiently to contract, opening the vent discharge orifice. As air and CO2 are released steam replaces that volume and again comes in contact with the jostatic element causing it to expand, closing off the discharge orifice. {hen using an ultrasonic listening device itis difficult to determine if this type of trap is working perly. Since there is no fill & dump cycle, which is easily recognizable and is used on most ps to determine condition, only a trained ear can tell whether or not a Float & Tliermostatic operating properly. ‘f. 6 - Float|& Thermostatic TrapSCCHCCHCCECEEECEOHEHEHEHEHOEHHCHHHH8HE8Ee Suvidya Institute of Technology jing Engineering Float & io Ty ‘This trap can be used in Process and utility applications as well as HVAC service. It is a good choice for high capacity requirements. However, it does not stand up well in conditions where the trap: may be subjected to water hammer and/or freeze up. The float and thermostatic ‘element can be damaged by water hammer and the float can be damaged by freeze up. If 1 selected, given those considerations, this is an excellent multi-use trap Saree tn conten: eae Ball Float Steam Trap ae owe orreneamie PRE SSUnE OF "0 8AR oo eer DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE OF 14 BAR -FYg. Sh Benen PESSURE OF 8 «lX, BODY DESIGN CONDITION -22 BAR AT 427 DEG.C thax, COLO HYDRAULIC TEST PRESSURE - G8 BAR END CONNECTIONS. SCREWED BSPT/ NPT-ANSI 8.2 SOCKET WELDABLE TO ANSI 8 16 1/FLANGED- ANSI B 16, CLASS 150, 200, 600.88 TABLE H. J. KA DINND 10 16,25, 40 Note: 15NB ASA 150 FLANGE Avatable only wth weld on fonge : Is common fo each size as shown in dirvensional det + F202 BAR dilterental presure avalabia nly, 20 and 26.NB ses 15/20 NB Material Neveet __ TT Base ASTMADTE GR.WCB. 7_CoverBots&Nuts Carton Stee! High Tensio 3 CoverGasket Compressed Asbestos 4 Cover Cast Steal ASTMATIE ) GR.WCE. ]_ValeSeat Siariess Steel nisiai0. Valve Seat Gasket Sto ess Soe! ‘AS13048 PwotFrameAsey, Sta. essSitee Set Screws 7" @_BolFloat® Laver Staiess St misi30e a Arent SianlessSteel_ASINNS FO Avent Seat GaskerStaniess Stee! ‘Aisi304 TT strut ‘Stainless Steel ASAIO 12 SLAUnit Gasket Soft Steel = Ts SUR Soat Staniess Stee aisiaro 1a SLRS: nies S00 SiO Suppor Frame SiailessStee! ASL 6 Te PootFrama Stangee Steel —_—_—AISIOTE Installation “The rap should be fitted with bat arm in honzntal le so that Tpisos and Tals veiealy wth erection of HlowBs shown inthe booy ofthe wp. . Optional Extra: he steam trap body can be dilled & tepned t0 5" BSPINPT ¢> eofmodat the tai cockvidya Institute of Technology Piping Engineering Table I of the information just discussed has fortunately been compiled into steam tables. One table ferred to is "Properties of Saturated Steam and Saturated: Water’; the other is "Properties of iperheated Steam". These tables show us the correlatiomof this data for various pressures temperatures. By referring to the steam tables we find the constants that were discussed plus a column for "Total Heat of Steam" and “Specific:Volume of Liquid’. The "Heat of the Liquid” is also referred to as "Sensible Heat”. It should also be noted that in the "Properties of iperheated Steam* there is no liquid heat content since liquid does not exist in superheat. lere are also various temperatures at any given pressure because there is no correlation in rheated steam between pressure and temperature. e information given in these steam tables is as follows: jauge Pregsure: Indicated in Inches of Hg for vacuum below atmospheric pressure, and S.1.G. for pressures above atmospheric. Absolute Pressure: Indicated in P.S.1.A. with zero being absolute zero or 14.7 P.S.I. below afmospheric pressure, ‘Temperature: In degrees F for the pressure indicated, Heat of the Liquid (sensible heat): The figures in this column represent the heat content, in |TUNb, for water at the indicated pressure/ temperature. tent Heat of Evaporation: Indicated in BTU/Ml, this is the amount of heat content in every pund of steam at the indicated pressure/temperature. BI y PF ‘Tptal Heat of Steam: Indicated in BTUMb, this is the sum of both the Heat of the Liquid and the Latent Heat of Evaporation or the total heat content of the steam at the indicated pfessure/temperature. ‘Specific Volume: Indicated in cubic ft./Ib, this is the space occupied by 1 pound of water or 1 IYof steam at the indicated pressure/temperature. Hane tees Jo.oreerafe Esse fie fst fe pet pay ae [22.168 1.074 |” bees from fee rors | .oreas4 63Suvidya Institute of Technology Piping Engineering 3. FLAME ARRESTOR A FLAME ARRESTOR is a device which allows gas to pass through it but stops a flame in order to prevent a larger fire or explosion. There is an enormous variety of situations in which fame arrestors are applied. Anyone involved in selecting flame arrestors leeds to understand how these products work and their performance limitations. For that purpose, this paper provides an introduction to the technology and terminology of flame arrestors and the types of products available. Blocking flame with narrow passages The operating principle of flame arrestors was discovered in 1815 by Sir Humphry Davy, a famous chemist and professor at the Royal institution in England. A safety committee of the English coal mining industry had approached Davy for technical assistance. They needed a way to prevent miners’ oil lamps from causing explosions when flammable gas called firedamp seeped into the mine shafts. Sir Humphry studied the gas, Which consisted mostly of methane. The investigation centered on how methane bums under Various conditions and with various proportions of air. Davy's solution was to enciose the lamp fame securely with a tall cylinder of finely woven wire screen caled metal gauze. Enough tamplight passes out through the screen to be useful. Air for the oil flame around the lamp wick ‘enters through the lower part of the screen, Hot exhaust gas escapes through the upper part. When a combustible mixture of methane flows in with the air, a methane flame burns against the inside of the screen. However, neither the methane flame nor the lamp flame passes through the narrow openings of the screen. The metal wire absorbs heat from the flame and then radiates it away at a much lower temperature. End-of-line, vent-to-atmosphere type (Most flame arrestor applications and designs fall into two major categories. One group consists of end-ofline flame arrestors, also known as the vent-fo-atmosphere. arrestors may be installed in furnace air inlets and exhaust stacks. The Davy lamp mght be considered another example of that sort.> Indine, deflagration or detonation type ‘The other major category consists of in-line flame arrestors, also known as deflagration and Detonation flame arrestors. (Speaking non technically, deflagration means rapid burning, and detonation means explosion.) Selecting end-of-line flame BrrestorsAs explained before, end-of-line defiagration flame arrestors are designed for unconfined flame propagation, also referred to as atmospheric explosion or unconfined Geflagration. They simply bolt or screw onto the process or tank connection. These designs incorporate well-established but simple technology. Most _use a single element of crimped wound metal ribbon that provides the heat transfer needed to quench the flame before it gets through the arrestor element. The main points of concem when selecting an arrestor for end-of- line applications are as follows: 1. Hazardous group designation or MESG value of the gas 2. Flame stabilization performance characteristics of the arrestor compared to the system potential for flame stabilization for sustained periods of time 3. Process gas temperature 4. Pressure drop across the arrestor during venting flow conditions, relative to the system's maximum allowable pressure and vacuum 5. Materials of construction that meet the ambient and process conditions for example, extremely cold climate, salt spray, chemically aggressive gas, etc. 6. Connection type and size 7. Instrumentation requirements Selecting in-line flame arrestors The various dynamic states explained earlier for confined flames can be very dangerous for a process system due to the tremendous energies associated with detonation pressure and flame Velocity. Things happen fast and can turn catastrophic, These multple dynamic states increase 64juvidya Institute of Technology ‘A tension loaded disk cross scored after the disk is formed offering an extended operating pressure limit to 85% of the marked burst pressure oF 90% of rminimurn burst pressure (CEN standard) XN-85 % Piping Engineering @ challenge of providing a flame arrestor product or products which stop the flame and ihstand the enormous pressures caused by explosions within the confined piping. The very ‘he range of possible behavior for a confined flame causes two particular problems for flame stor products. First, the high-pressure deflagration and stable detonation states have very fable kinetics of buming, and the flame is moving very fast. Therefore the arrestor must be le to absorb the flame's heat much faster than is required by standard low-to-medium- ssure deflagration conditions. Second, the instantaneous impulse pressures caused by the shock waves of overdriven detonation subject the arrestor to forces of up to 34,000 kPa(g). us, the arrestor must be structurally superior to standard low-pressure deflagration arrestors. FLAME ARRESTORS Flame arrestors and tank equipment, suitable for various applications including: safety installations in refineries, storage tank farms, the chemical industry, tank ships, tank trucks, rail tankers and containers, the storage and transportaton of liquid gases, sewage treatment, sewer gas tanks, biological process containers and gas ventitation systems in coal mining. -Compusised Ossignd & Marware to EMA standart RUPTURE DISK ‘A precision scored tension loided disk for medium pressures suitable for operating pressures t0 80% of the marked burst pressure oD A flat tension loaded composite disk offering ow burst pressure and an ‘operating pressure limit to 80% of the marked burst pressure ‘A flat tension loaded composite disk primarily ‘ for low pressure which is rm installed directly between, AV Pipe flanges without a disk holder ‘A domed tension loaded disk for low burst pressures with vacuum support for vacuum OF v- A solid metal domed tension loaded disk available in a wide range aq of sizes and materials for operating pressures to 70% of the marked burst pressure 6S | | | @ e @ e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e al e e e e e e e e e e e e eSCHOSHSCHSSESOHSSHHSSHHSESCSHESSOHSHRSERSAOSEE RESET Suvidya Institute of Technology Piping Engineering CHAPTER-VIL GUIDELINES ton EQUIPWIENT OND FP IG LOUISPCOS OSOHOSHOSHOSSSSHOSHSSEOHEEEHSEHHHOH HEH Suvidya Institute of Technology Piping Engineering CHAPTER — Vil General Guide lines for developing Equipment and Piping Layout PIPING DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS PIPING LAYOUT GENERAL Criteria for Developing Equipment and Piping layouts (G.A.D.) © Process ‘= Operations * Maintenance ‘+ Economy Preferred pipe Lengths Random mill lengths of pipe (approximately 20 feet) normally are specified for piping within battery limits. Double mill lengths should be used where feasible for yard piping or for piping installed in long, uninterrupted runs. Piping Size Changes Except as modified in individual piping system specifications, use reducers, reducing fittings, and swaged nipples for size changes in the pipeline. Change of Direction Except as modified in individual Piping System Specification, use ends rather than elbows for change in direction up and 4” NPS. Preferred bends are those made with the contract bender to 1.5D. If the conrac bender is not available at the project site, field bends shall be no smaller than 5D, BRANCH CONNECTIONS Individual Piping System Specifications pre-select types of branch connection appropriate for the system. The following criteria for pre-election apply. Un- reinforced stud — in branch connections are used only at pressures where metal in the pipe wall not required for pressure or other loadings is considered reinforcement. Pad reinforcement of welded branches is not recommended. If the need for pad reinforcement is demonstrated, however, use ring type (encirclement type for near full size branches) rather than sleeve or saddle type. Welding outlet fittings or Sweepolets are economical and adequate for all but full — size branches, where welding tees are the more economical choice. Do not use complex reducing tees or crosses. 4. PIPE SIZE LIMITATIONS Company practice imposes limitation on’pipe sizes and establishes minimum size and wall thickness requirements for economy and utility . These limitation and requirements include 4.4 ODD SIZE nominal pipe sizes 1/8", 3/8", 1%’, 214" and 5" are not used unless required by special condition . exception to this practice include adapters to connection of purchased ‘equipments and 2%" NPS pipe required for hydrant valve connection in fire protection system 1.2 Minimum pipe and connection sizes TO assure adequate strength and minimum support spacing ‘process lines and utility supply lines are 1" NPS or large. minimum pipe size in major pipe way is 2" NPS where feasitle. Where smaller lines are required, intermediate suppert froin targer tines in the pipe wey shall be used to prevent excessive sagging 4.2.4 Vents and drains_ vents connection and drain connection in piping normally are “NPS of larger minimum pipe size in major pipe ways is 2” with the exceptions in piping serving slurries , abrasive fluids, or material s of high velocity are 1" NPS_ minimum.ih SCCOCSSHCCHESCSCOSSEOSOHOECHSSHOHSECOSEOHSSEESECS OEE Suvidya Institute of Technology Piping Engineering 4.2.2 Instruments connection, general Except _as specifically noted , instruments take — off connection are %' NPS minimum through the first block valve. 1.2.3. Orifice runs and connections Orifice connections are %" NPS for primary pressure rating through ANS! 600lb 3/4” NPS for ANSI 900Ib and higher. 4.24 Level Connections connections in to vessel for external displacers or float-ype instrument are 2" NPS flanged. Other connections are sized as required , but shall be not less. than %" NPS through for the block valve. Level gage connection shall be %' NPS minimum. Level gage columns shall be 2°NPS. ‘minimum 1.2.5 Temperature connections piping 11/2” NPS and smaller is enlarged to 2" NPS at thermowell connections. 1.3 Minimum wall thickness_ minimum wall thickness for threaded pipe is Schedule 80 for carbon steel, schedule 40 for galvanized steel, and Schedule 40sor equivalent for other metals and alloys. Minimum wall thickness for small branch take -offs 1” NPS and smaller is Schedule 160 for carban stcel, Schedule 40 for galvanized steel, and Schedule 80s or equivalent for stainless steel and alloys. 2. PIPING ARRANGEMENT Piping Layout shall provide an orderly arrangement with the most direct routing possible, Arrangement shall resuit in the simplest, most economical methods of ‘support consistent with adequate flexibility. Equipment piping shall be arranged so that equipment may be dismantled for inspection or maintenance with minimum interference to the piping. Use of flanges for dismantling of lines shali be held to a minimum. Some fluid services will require more flanges for this purpose than other, e.g . , lines that handle slurries, line that must be frequently cleaned out , and lines that cannot be re-assembled by welding. Such lines will be clearly identified in the pipeline schedule. Piping shall be arranged so arranged so that changed in direction are made with a minimum number of fittings and crossovers. Lines passing through building walls above floor levels shall be run through sleeves inserted through the wall. Sleeves shall be of sizes adequate to accommodate thermal insulation thickness shown on the piping Drawings. A framed opening may be used in lieu of individual sleeves to accommodates bank of parallel lines if closures are included as necessary to prevent passage of weather, flammable vapors and fire. Piping Elevation Layout of piping in banks shall be established so that the north — south and east -- west piping runs are at alternate elevation Piping normally stall change elevation when changing direction, but there exception that include: Where space in building is limited, piping may make flat tums or be placed in vertical racks against walls. Suction lines with critical suction condition may have flat turns. Relief header which should not‘be trapped may required flat tums Piping which must run flat or slightly pitched for drainage ( steam supply, blow-down header etc,.) may require flat tus. Cross-Country pipe lines, underground pipe lines, single lines off battery limits, and piping making the last turn before termination may have flat turns.Shuvidya Institute of Technology Piping Engineering Hot lines requiring expansion loops shall be carried, where possible, at the highest level of ebtablished Pipe elevation to avoid blocking the run of other lines. 2 Clearances. 2.4 Vertical Clearances Minimum vertical clearance for overhead piping shall be: -0" or 7000mm over plant main roads, over cranes '-0" or 6000mm over plant main roads, over truck -0" Or 4500mm over plant secondary roads, and over access ways inside battery limits. y-0" or 3000mm in passage areas between towers and pumps. -0" or 2500mm — within buildings and over stairways. 7} or 200mm over platforms, walkways, passageways, and outdoor work areas. ping at grade shall have'1 -6" minimum clearance between uninsulated pipe or insulation surface of insulated pipe and high point of paving or terrain. Piping in pipe trenches shall have 4}- 6" minimum clearance between bare or insulated pipe and the trench floor. .2.2 Horizontal Clearance Minimum horizontal for piping shall be: -6* from the centerline of rail tracks. imum clear width of passageways shall be 3'- 0" I-6" between uninsulated pipe or insulation surface of insulated pipe in pipeways, pipe fenches, or at grade. fiping Accessibility The maximum distance from bottom of hand-operated valve hand wheels grade or platform levels shall be 6 -9" extension stems or chain operators shall otherwise be rovided. pecial attention shall be given to the location of valves for convenience in operation from |rade, and shall be protected with a standard valve box. falves below grade shall be provided with extension stems or other means of operation, lervicing, removal, and service. {tis preferred that flanges and unions for pipe dismantting not be located above passageways. 4.3.1 Access from Platform The following shall be accessible from a platform if not accéssible 1 service from grade: Pipe-connected devices that must be regularly observed, adjusted, or serviced during pperation. Control valve assemblies (preferably located at grade, but acceotable at platform level if this limplifies piping) Relief valves and rupture disc assemblies. Valves 4" NPS and larger which must be frequently operated. Hem shall be grouped where ‘possible, to minimize the number and size of platforms. ‘onsideration shall be given to servieing other elevated items from these platforms, but if this fpould sanikre cus endargemert of platforms, or would complicate piping runs, other jcceptable access shall be used , 64 CCCOCCOOCHCOHOOHCEEOEOHOEHEOHHHEHEHCHSEEHEEHHHE8OSSuvidya Institute of Technology Piping Engineering 2.3.2 Access from permanent Ladder Access from a permanent ladder is acceptable for the following Gage glasses, if top connection is higher than 6'- 6" above grade or platform Items in Par. 2.3.3 if higher than 16° - O" above grade. ‘Small valves that must be frequently operated. Block valves 4" NPS larger not frequently operated. Level controllers and alarms. 2.3.3 Access from portable Ladder Access from a portable ladder is acceptable for the following for the following when not more than 16’ - 0° above grade: Block valves smaller than 4" NPS not frequently used, Orifice flanges. Pressure and temperature instrument connections. line and equipment vents. Arrangement for Fluid Flow Piping arrangement shall meet these provisions: Piping shall be arranged so that it drains to equipment wherever possible. Flow through exchanger, cooler, jackets, and similar itemss shall be arranged to minimize gas or air pocket. Generally, cooling water shail enter at the bottom, leave at the top unless this arrangement result in a pocket on the process side. ‘Sieam mains or header shall run ievels, or slope downward in the direction of flow. Low points, ‘dead ends, and intermediate points shall be equipped with drip pockets and condensate traps. Expect for isolated traps, all condensate in battery limits shall be piped to a collection system, or through a stem pig or separator to closed sewer connection. Exhaust heads shall be used when steam is vented in operating areas, and elsewhere as required, Heads shall be at least 12 feet above any platform or personnel area within as radius of 40 feet, Branch lines in steam air,inert gas ,and for fule gas system shall exit from the top of the header. Condensate lines shall enter the top of a header. Mie ise F heancer —— | a 1 2 qu erstevidya Institute of Technology Piping Engineering 3| ARRANEGEMENT AND APPLICATION OF VALVES 3]1.1 Removal Access Clearance shall be provided for removal of vaives closures and internal parts where the valves is intended for inline servicing. Means shall be provided for their removal without disturbing the block valve or valves. ‘ans shall be provided at pumps , compressors , or drivers to permit their removal without turbing block valves. For this purpose , a spool piece , flanged check valves , fitting, or sifainer against the nozzle will be considered satisfactory 311.2 Orientation valves stems shall lie no lower than horizontal , if possible. They shall be ofiented so that stems or operating chains do not fall in passageways or obstruct head room. \er Consideration vaives in acid or caustic fluid service should be located no more than 4‘ above floor level to avoid eye and face injury in the event of packing failure. Acid valve stems jould be vertical if possible. Do not install valves inside vessel skirts. Application of valves l2.1 Block valves Block valves are specified by number in the piping system specification , and jay be gate valves, or ball valves . General application of grate valves include: hank Nozzies Block valves generally are provided on vessel nozzles except the following: por and reboiler lines. 1 3 nf Spfety and relief valve or rupture disc connections. Almospheric vent lines. Lines that require block valves for other purpose within 30 feet of the vessel. All bottom outlets should have block valves , or flush-type or piston valves to serve the same py spose. am between maintenance turnarounds, provided valves only as require to conserve fluid on 1ut-down for maintenance (e.g., in water lines where large headers would have to be drained td remove the exchange ). Where the heat exchanger is to be off-stream at any time during operation, valves on both pfocess and heat transfer fluid lines are require both at inlet and outlet. nes Exchangers When the head exchanger is essential to operation and must be kept on- stre: sf ) Pumps Both discharge and suction lines are valved. Locate the block valves ahead of the iction strainer if a strainer is provided. Gomnpressort Suction and discharge are always valved. Audlary Ines for lubiating oi and filishing water are valved at equipment. Cooling water lines exposed to freezing are valved at je header. ‘Thrbines Steam supply lines require valves. Auxiliary lines are valved as for compressors. fanifolds Block valves are provided at each branch in the manifold where process or utility flow to be directed selectively. Utility Headers Major branches of utility headers need not be valved. Branches 2" NPS and sInaller should be valved at the neader with the exception tiat where a iarger branch serves gfouped equipment operating as a unit, only the large branch shall be valved. If possible, group bbpttery limit block valves at the distribution neaders for common access. ‘Spfety Block Valves Fuel lines to furnaces , heaters, engines ,etc., must be valved in @ location afcessible in an emergency. wa e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e@eeeeveeveenvneeeoeeeseeoeeeeeoenoeneenenoeeeoeeeeee Suvidya Institute of Technology Piping Engineering Valve risers for wet sprinkler systems inside buildings shall be protected from mechanical abuse and secured with tie rods. Enclosed housings for sprinkler system Valves within buildings shall be accessible from the outside. Piping Connectior Safety Showers and Eyebaths:- Safety showers and eyebaths must be located in the proximity of chemical hazards. Exact locations and travel distances between location are subjects for safety review. standard hook-ups for these facilities are provided in section 6 of the, piping standards Manual Potable water connections:- connection between the city water supply (or other primary source) and utility or process water systems other than potable shall be equipped with an air gap, proprietary back-flow preventer, or other device to prevent contamination of the water source. A check valve will not suffice for this purpose. Fire Control system Connections:- Piping supplying smothering snuffing, and protective heating steam be separately connected to steam headers so that it is available during a shut- down Vent and drain connection:- Provide bleeder vent and drain connections or lines on all pressure equipment. Provide valve vent connections for trapped high points of piping 3" NPS and larger, and valve drain connections for low points of piping located above grade. Route casing vents and drains for pumps in non-volatile service to the pumps base plate or info a ‘sewer or gutter. Route casing vents and drains for pumps handling material near the auto- ignition point through a cooler to an effluent collections system. ‘Steam or Inert Gas purging:- When required by the service, provide means for purging process equipment with steam or gas: Provide a 1" NPS line for purging vessels of 100 to 5000 cubic foot Volume, and all vessels in low temperature service. Provide a 11/2 NPS line for vessels of greater volume than 5000 cubic feet Purge furnace coils with piping permanently connected to each coil inlet line. 4.4 Piping Outlets:- 4.4.1 Utility Outlets Utility steam, air, and water outlets for hose and hose fittings shall be located so that working areas in buildings and structures may be reached with a 50-foot length of hose. : Steam pressure at hose stations shall not exceed 125 psig. Provide means for clearing sample lines and coolers with steam in services handling materials that become highly viscous when cold. 4.4.2, Washing Out When required by the service, provide means for filling process eauigment with water and washing out 45 Blanks Provide blanks (slip-blinds) at the following locations: At iniet and outlet connections to equioment (other than pumps, compressors, turbines, and blowers) that must be periodically removed from service for maintenance, inspection, or alternating operation; and whert provision of such blanks will minimize hazard to personnel. In furnace piping at locations that will permit simultaneous testing of the furnace and piping. At battery limits in fuel piping: and in process piping connected to other piping that may be used during a unit shut-down #2.Silvidya Institute of Technology Piping Engineering ide block valves at battery limits or other accessible location for flammable gases and other hazardous fluids. uble Block Valves Provide two block vaives in series for the following services \Vénting , draining , and sampling for liquid hydrocarbons over 65 psia vapor pressure at 100 F. ‘ANST 600 Ib and higher. \Vénting and draining in any service ANST 900 Ib and higher. rovide double block valves with bleed valve between them for the following (4) Interconnection between two services where crossflow during operation is not permited, (b) Connection to vessels which may have to be entered for inspection or work .. yulating valves Regulating valves are specified by number in the piping systemspecifications, arjd may be globe valves, diaphragm valves, or ball valves. General application of regulating valves include’ SAmpling Where samples must be drawn in open containers, sampling valves must be ulating valves, preferably needle globe valves, ility control Steam and compressed air valves at equipment are globe or other type julating valves. Cooling water and other utilities may be controlled either by block or ulating valves, depending on project requirement. Bypass Service Any bypass around automatic control valves or other automatic regulators ually are controlled by regulating valves through 4” NPS, block vaives above 4” NPS. Check Valve Check valves are specified by number in piping system specifications, and may swing check valves or lift check valves. General application of check valves include: Plimp Discharge A Check valves should be installed below the block valve where back-flow of fijid from a pump would be harmful. A vertical check may be desirable. Vacuum Header A check valve in a vacuum header near the ejector may prevent a harmful kipk-back if steam fails.A swing check valve with carefully balanced disc is required. to avoid ecessive pressure drop at low absolute pressure. Ahti-Siphoning Check valves may be used to prevent siphoning where liquid or gas is fed sub- ‘sUrface in a vessel and proper anti-siphoning is not possible. Ufility Interconnections Check valves are used in utility services at interconnections to lines or equipment, or at manifolds, where a hazard would result from invasion of the line by another fi(id. All interconnecting steam lines require check valves to automatically prevent reverse flow. 4 SPECIAL PIPING ARRANGEMENTS, PIPING OUTL'NES, AND PIPING CONNECTIONS. 4, Piping for disposal of Discharged Materials:- Relief valve tail pipes for atmospheric discharge of flammable vapors not classified as pollutant or toxic shall extend at least twenty fept above the highest working level o roof within a radius of forty feet unless analysis shows that it will be less expensive to discharge to a clased system for disposition. Nbn-pollutant and non-hazardous liquids shall be discharged into funnels or waste inlets at gfade. Non-pollutant and non-hazardous vapors may be discharged into the atmosphere; hgwever, discharge shall be directed away from personnel and equipment, and the effluent mist not be ailowed to become 2 hazard or a nuisance, Lathal, toxic, or pollutant materials shall not be discharged to the atmosphere. They shall ieaed to process or discharged to a closed system for disposition. Uhderground Piping For fire protection sprinkler mains shall be located above sewers 36” ar of building foundations, and below the frost-ine at the location. #3 {e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e Suvidya Institute of ‘Technology Piping Engineering PIPING DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS INSTRUMENT PIPING 4.Instrument Piping Standard: 4:1 Instrument Piping System: pipe and tubing materials and components for sending lines and other instrument specialty applications are identified in Instrument piping system specifications included in part 2.2 of the piping Standards Manual. Instrument Installation Details:- Appropriate Instrument piping system Specifications, and pipe or tubing orientation and arrangement required for installation of various instrument types, are specified in Instrument Installation Details found in part R20 of the Instrument standards Manual Individual details required for a given project are included in the project documents, and must be followed without deviation. 2. INSTRUMENT CONNECTION Flow Instrument Connections:- orifice runs shall be located to take advantage of the most nearly constant flow conditions- generally upstream of control valves. Vertical up-flow is the preferred orientation of vertical orifice runs. Where wet gas or wet steam is carried, a trapped drain shall be installed at the bottom of the riser. Orientation of tab nipples and block valves shall be as shown on individual Instrument Installation Details for the service. 2.1.1 Orifice Runs:- Where space is not a consideration, orifice runs shall have at least 50 nominal pipe diameters upstream and 5 nominal pipe diameters downstream of the orifice plate. Where space is limited, minimum runs shall be in accordance with AGE-ASME Reports 16/PR and 17/PR. Orifice runs smaller than 2" NPS shall be specially-calibrated factory made assemblies of proper wall thickness. Level Instrument Connections:- When multiple gage glass assemblies are required for a vessel, ‘a “strong back” gage glass column, 2” NPS minimum, shall be provided to minimize the number of vessel openings. This column and its valving must be shown on the piping drawings. Gage glass connections shall be made to the column in the Instrument installation Details. ‘Temperature Instrument connection:- Thermometer, thermowell, and thermocouple connection shall be placed so that accuracy of the temperature measurement is not adversely affected by insufficient immersion of flow. Adequate immersion can best be achieved at elbows in the piping. if heat transfer fiuid is used in thermowells, orient them on or above the horizontal. Indine Instruments:- Inline instruments shall br installed so that they do not support the attached piping, so that they are not srained by thermal expansion of the attached piping, and so that they can be readily removed for servicing 3.CONTROL VALVES:- Control valves may be automatically-regulated or hand-operated valves of the type specified by instrument design to control the flow or pressure of fluids within process specifications. Control valves generally are labeled according to the process-controlled function with which they are associated. : Control valves gene*ally shall, be installed without block valves or valves bypass. However, control valves in critical services (e.g. those in which component failure is likely To interrupt a continuous operation or vital plant service) may require a bypass with block, drain, and bypass valves. The bypass arrangement must in each case be economically justified or shown to be essential for safety #4S vidya Institute of Technology Piping Engineering fain valves, when provided on both upstream and downstream side of control valves, shall be NPS valves meeting pipeline specifications. rangement of Control Valves:- Bypass valves, when required al control valves, shall be yranged to permit observation of the pertinent meter, gage, or equipment which shows the 388 condition being controlled. pra valves across which there is severe flashing or gas expansion shall be located as near possible to the downstream vessel. 4. RELIEF VALVES AND DEVICES:- Relief valves and devices of the type specified by instrument design may be used as overpressure protection devices for pressure equipment, and for piping systems when equipment is connected without intervening block valves. Relief valve applications include: Protection for piping:- Piping systems shall be protected when pressure-temperature nditions Described in par. 1 of p.2 STD 12 exist. Process areas, where there is a block valve in a turbine exhaust line, an atmospheric relief Ive shall be provided capable of discharging the full load steam rate without exceeding the sing design pressure. Sentinel valves used as waming devices are not permitted as bstitutes for proper relief. ‘acum Systems:- Vacuum systems must be provided with relief valves when the system be over pressured during loss of vacuum. Protection should be considered for vacuum lused by emptying hydrostatic test water, or by condensing steam after steaming-out uipment. Miscellaneous Pipeline or equipment in which liquid contents may be locked jould be checked for the necessity of a relief device. Fired fumace coils are not provided with separate overpressure protection. ping systems are not protected from pressures caused by fires. Pl Afrangement of Relief Devices and piping:- Pressure relief devices shall be located and offented as follows: Ofient line-mounted relief valves to discharge in a direction closely paralleling line flow to ize bending stress on the line due to back-thrust. en rupture discs or safety valve and rupture disc combinations are required, refer to the ‘ABME unfired pressure vessel code for discussion of arrangement, venting requirements, and inbtruction in precautions to be taken. Piping for Relief Devices low these instructions for relief device inlet piping: 1] To prevent consideration and subsequent freezing of atmospheric moisture on relief valve stats in cold (below 32 F) service, provide un-insulated vertical piping to the valve tong enough td provide a dead air space adequate to keep the valve from reaching a temperature below the almospheric dewpoint, Brace the inlet pipe to prevent overstressing by the large bending 2] inlet piping or vessel nozzle shall not be smaller than the valve inet size 3) To avoid chatter, for 2% maximum pressure drop due to friction loss. This means 2% of the s#t pressure, and is equivalent to approximately one-half of the blow down. 4) When closed discharge systems are used, compute thermal stresses on valve inlet piping. e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e eSuvidya Institute of Technology Piping Engineering 5) Install vacuum breakers with the minimum of pipe, and equip with bird screens. Follow these instructions for relief device discharge piping: 1) In no case shall the cross-sectional area of discharge piping be less than that of the valve outlet 2) Maximum allowable back pressure in discharge piping is 10% of the valve set pressure. 3) Size discharge piping for rupture discs on the basis of pressure requirement rather than capacity requirement. 4) Provide catch pots or other devices for rupture disc vents so that accidentally released particulate emissions will not discharge to the atmosphere. 5) Used pressure balanced valves to protect pumps, turbines and compressors discharging to suction if suction pressure varies. A conventional valve may very widely in pop point under these conditions. 6) Keep discharge piping for relief device as straight and as short as possible, If elbow are required, use the long radius type only. 7) Support discharge piping for relief devices free of the valve and carefully align so that forces acting on the valves will be minimum under normal operating conditions. 8) Relief device discharge piping must be adequately anchored to prevent sway or vibration while the valve is discharging, 9) Arrange discharge piping for relief devices so that a liquid head will not accumulated above the valve, and so that the liquid is drained to the safe location PIPEWAYS AND SUPORTS 1.PIPEWAYS:- Piping normally shall be run in overhead pipeways in battery limits; but the economy of running piping at grade or in pipe trenches shall be considered when space, ‘operating conditions, and personnel congestion in battery limits permit. Outside battery limits, piping is more economically supported at grade level if the straight runs are long enough. The length of straight runs required for economical at-grade support varies with the type of pipe and the size and riimber of pipes, and shall be calculated on a case basis. 4.10verhead Pipeways, Single Tier Where space and economics permit, it is preferred that piping be run in a single tier of lines. Pipe column supports with solid-web structural members are preferred for pipeway and bridge construction, with normal spacing of supports 20'-0". When it is necessary to increase the spacing of supports, and if the distance between supports is $0 great that large lines cannot serve to support small ines without overoad, pipe bridges of beams or trusses are used and designed to meet project conditions Design loads shall be calculated as shown in A4.4 STDS 1 and 2. On single-level pipeways, the center section normally is reserved for utility piping, with process piping on either .de. Critical process piping is run the outside extremities. 4.20verhead Pipeways, Multiple Tier When a single level pipeway becomes so wide that more than two stanchions per bent are required, it may be more economical to use multiple tiers and reduce the width of the pipeway. Size, configuration, and weight of structural members for raultiple tior pipeways are determined by @ combination of wind loading and weight of pipe. Normal soacing of supports is 24’-0" Design loads shall be calculated as shown iri A4.4 STOS 1 and 2. When muitiple tiers of piping are required, use the upper levels for utility piping, the lower levels for process pioing. Distance between the tiers shall be governed by take-oif requirements for the larger lines. An approximate distance is 36" for lines 6 NPS and smaller, with greater distances for larger lines. + Grade Level Support Of Pipeways Piping run at grade level shall be supported on wooden railroad ties or concrete sleepers, depending on the piping load. Normal spacing of supports is 20'-0" #6i Sividya Institute of Technology Piping Engineering Gfade-level piping shall cross plant roadways by means of expansion loops.The center section of] grade-level pipeways in reserved for utility piping, with process piping on either side. Critical Ptpcess piping is run on the outside extremities. Electrical Installations in Pipeways Electrical cables and instrument tubing in cable trays, wifing iAduit, instrument piping, and instrument sensing monitors frequently are run in pipeways. P§sition and arrangement of these items shall be determined in censultation with E & | design Insulation for Personnel Protection Lines in pipeways require thermal insulation for irsonnel protection when both of the following conditions prevail (1) Temperature of the uninsulated line is 140F or greater in above grade pipeways or ingide battery limits, 160F or greater in grade-level pipeways outside battery limit. (2} Position of the line is such that it can be readily contacted from grade, or from fixed ladders or[platforms. bottom of all uninsulated lines, and of all lines insulated for personal protection, shall be at elevation. The bottom of lines insulated for process or economic reasons shall be at a higher elevation to permit installation of shoes for clearance of the insulation (i.e. 4" above bare pife elevation for insulation to 3"thickness, 5” for insulation 4” and 4.5" thick, etc.) 2.| PIPING FLEXIBILITY: Par. 319 of the code establishes general rules for thgevaluation of flexibility in the piping layout. The codes also sets up allowable ranges for expansion stresses in Par 302.3.2 (c). Design of piping system expansion shall follow these dafa, and shall observe the following limits: stipsses developed in the piping system operating at design temperature shall not exceed of cope-allowable stresses. Expansion loads transmitted by the piping to equipment shall not exceed those specified by the eqhiipment vendor; and in no case shail misalignment with, distortion of, or strains on connected eqhipment result from excessive thrust and movement of the piping. Lopds trarismitted to structures and foundation shall not be the cause for extreme and expensive designs. M¢chanical Means For Absorbing Pipe Movements: Expansion loops are preferred means for] absorbing pipe movements. Where expansion loops are not feasible, ball type or corrugated bellows type mechanical joints may be used. Packed time expansion joint are not used in Cofnpany practice. : Cold Springing: Cold springing generally shall not be used to reduce expansion effects. Where cold springing is recommended, it normally shall be limited to 50% of the line movement. However, in special cases where physical limitations such as equipment and structures prevent designing the necessary flexibility, cold springing greater than 50% may be considered. The arfount of cold springing must be noted on the Piping Drawings. Mavement of Anchors: Piping shall be anchored so that movement due to thermal expansion is pbsorbed in the expansion ioops or mechanical joints, in pipe bends, or by changes of direction. Anchor or guide the pipe so that it can move only in the direction parallel to its centerline. Consider thrust due to intemal pressure in the design of such anchors 7eeoeoeeeeeeeeeeeseseeeseeeeeeeseeeeeeeeed Suvidya Institute of Technology Piping Engineering PIPING SUPPORT 3, PIPING SUPPORT The design of piping support elements and their location generally may be based on simple calculations and engineering judgment for non-critical piping up to 500F. However, if design pressure or temperature is high, if piping layout is unusual, or if precise knowledge of reactions at supports or equipments is required, calculations shall includes flexibility of the lines under the action of applied loads listed in par. 320.1 of the code. Stress intensification factors shown in table 319.3.6 in the code shall be used in this analysis. 3.4General Support Provisions Support from below the pipe is preferred to hanging support where practicable. Support horizontal process and utility ines so that sags and pockets in the lines are held to the minimum, Suitable hangers, supports, and anchors shall be installed at change in pipe direction, and at heavy valves or other concentrations of loadings. Pipelines o suction and discharge connections pumps, compressors, etc. shall be supported in such manner that there will be no strain in or misalignment of the equipment Pipe shoes generally will not be provided for bare pipe or pipe insulated for personnel protection, Shoes shall be provided for insulation clearance for pire insulated for process or economic reasons. Recommended Support Spans Spacing of support elements shall be such that piping spans will be adequate to provide safe transport of fluids under pressure and other loading when the pipe approaches its recommended wall thickness retirement level. Recommended spacing of Support shown in Table I; correction factors shown in Table Il are to use where applicable Calculation for pipe support spacing When project conditions will not Permit pipe support to be spaced as shown in tables | and Il calculate the spacing as follows. we \ (Zs Ww Where: oot 'N = allowable spacing of supports in feet Z = section modulus of pipe, inches S = allowable stress (use % of allowable stress valves) We weight of line full of liquid plus insulation and permanent Loads, ibs/ft Non — Resilient Supports 2 3.4.1 Hanger Rods | Safe loads for threaded hanger rods shail be based on the root area of the threads. Pipe straps are not permitted as substitutes for hanger rods in Company practice. 3.4.2 Sliding Supports Sliding Supports shall be designed to resist the forces due to friction in ‘addition to the loads imposed by bearing. Dimensions of the supports shall provide for the expected movement of the supported piping. 3.5 Resilient support 3.5.1 Spring Supports Spring supports shall be designed to exert a supporting foroe at the point of attachment equal to the load as determined by weight balance calculations. They shall be provided with means to prevent misalignment, bucking, or eccentric loading of the springs, and to prevent nintentional disengagement of the load. 3.5.2 Constant- Support Spring Hangers Constant-support spring hangers shall provide a Substantially uniform supporting force throughout the range of travel. Hangers of this type shall be selected so that their travel range exceeds expected movements FB4 PCCCHCC CHOC COL C CE HOC OOOO OCHO HOHE OHO LEOEELE se Institute of Technology Piping Engineering .6.3 Prevention Of Overstres _Means shall be provided to prevent overstressing spring angers due to excessive deflections . All spring hangers shall be provided with position indicators . 6.6 Structural Attachments Clamps, cradles, U-bolts, saddles,and clevises may be used s attachments. If a clamp is connected to a vertical line to suppot its weight, shear lugs shall welded to the pipe to. prevent slippage. upport and Restraint Selection Factors. feight load vailable attachment clearance Wvailability of structural steel jirection of loads and/or movement ign temperature fertical thermal movement at supports igid Supports. a Shoe Saddle Base Adjustable ° Support nchor Vertical Guide FYSuvidya Institute of Technology Piping Engineering Load and Deflection Scale Small Change in Effective Lever Arm ps Large Change in |: Effective Lever Arm Relatively Constant Load Typical Variable-Load Spring Support Typical Constant-Load Spring Support Mechanism a RESTRAINTS Control, limit, redirect thermal movement Reduce thermal stress = Reduce loads on equipment connections Absorb imposed loads Wind = Earthquake = Slug flow = Water hammer = Flow induced-vibration Restraint Selection Direction of pipe movement Location of restraint point Magnitude of load ANCHORS AND GUIDES Anchor Full fixation ~ Permits very limited (if any) translation or rotation HI etfs \ Guide i fi Permits movement along pipe axis, i / 1 Prevents lateral movement May permit pipe rotation soSeer er T TTT CVO CCC ECOSuvidya Institute of Technology Piping Engineering SUPPORTING PIPE CLOSE TO STRUCTURAL STEEL 1. CONSTANT LORD TYPE 2.VARIABLE LOAD TYPE SCHOHOSCSHOCHOOSHESSOHOHSH ECOSOC HOHOHOOO HOH HOOEEOOE ES, Qye wvidya Institute of Technology : Piping Engineering PRESURE TESTING _ pressure tasting of installed piping is required prior to initial operation of the system. The type and extent of testing required must be clearly stated in the Piping Specifications. : Methods of Pressure Testing_Testing methods specified may include one or both of the lowing Hydrostatic Testing Hydrostatic testing is the generally prefeired method except in ‘cpses where piping or attached equipment are subject to water damage. Hydrostatic tastes are conducted at 15% of the Maximum Allowable Working Pressure(MAWP) : adjusted to 100 F. for the pipeline unless otherwise noted. Test duration normally is not les jan ten minutes and not more than two hours; ‘The actual duration must be stated in the piping Specifications. hen piping is connected to equipment with a lower test pressure than the piping, and it is inppractical to isolate the equipment, the test pressure of the connector equipment shall be Uped. ‘The specified testing procedure must indicate which valves, connected instruments, r other piping components subject to damage at other than the MAWP adjusting Tp 100 F, shall be removed or blanked-off prior to start ofthe test. | .. Pneumatic Testing Pneumatic testing, using an appropriate gas, usually specified where piping or attached equipment are subject to water damage. matic tests are conducted at 110% of the maximum Allowable Working Pressure \WP) adjusted to 100 F. but shall not exceed 100 psig unless otherwise noted. ev Tpst duration and per-testing precautions for pneumatic testing are similar to those for hydrostatic testing.CHAPTER: Vill° Cd . e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e eo Z eS L a Zz w > Z n = 9 wm nN 5 DM Dn > Zz > eee we wi Dn LTT | T STRESS ANALYSIS DESIGN CRITERIA Zi] DESIGN CODES i Process piping ANSI B 31.3 - 1999, Addenda 2002 ‘Steam Piping 22 | STRESS CRITICAL LINE LIST BASIS 23 | DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS Z3t | Pressure (Design! operating’ Max. op.) | Refer Annexure A : - Zaz | Flexiilly Temperature (Design! Max. - — ‘op./ Operating) For line analysis Refer Annexure A For equipment expansion! movement _ BTS | Reference installation temperature for analysis. 21.1 Deg. C Minimum site ambient temperature 5.0 Deg. | 334 | Wind pressure! velocity 18 875 Parti (Specify factors wrt. height) Refer Annexure.8 (page tof 2) 235 | Seismic coafficient ‘He par 15-1803 (1984) 7 Refer Annexure B (page 2of 2) 236 | TwoPhase Flow To be analyzed on semistalic approach, Ta] Compose aia WK 1 | 238 | Solarexpansion — $5 DegC 239 | Steam out condition [With equipment (Specify whwout equipment) | |-23.90 | Friction factors for various surfaces Sieal to steal = 03 Steel to Graphite = 0.15 Steel to PTFE = 0.1 Roller bearing = 0.05, - i _ Carbon sieel to vuncrate es - Zaat | Mil Tolerance 412.5% ; . +1-6.0% for pipes from plates. TTT Saat TaerneeS EWEN ae SpeSeT TT Ue TS =SHEETNO 4 OF 13 ‘Usage of cold pull Not allowed. RIL be consulled before use. Usage of expansion bellows if yes, ‘specify probable vendor Yas. RIL To be consulted Special care in stress analysis is required for PiuySiug flow lines Vibrating service Cowmn overhead lines Piping connected to strain sensitive equipment Jacketed piping Water Hammer Pipe wall thickness & stiffener requrement to be checked for vacuum LOAD CASE CONSIDERATION Sustained Load Case Design Pressure as specified in the ine list for ingivicual ines wil be used within the piping systern weight analysis. Desig pressure as specified in the piping specification index will be used for pige and pipe ‘component pressure calculation. Weight of the piping system will be taken from software library. Max. operating pressure in case of lires with bellows. ‘Operating toad case "Thermal loads will be calculated using elastic modulus at max. op. Temperatures for hot fines ‘and min. op. Temperature for cold tines. ‘Thermal stress will be calculated usirg elastic modulus at 21.1 °C for all hot lines. Solar radiation effect shall be considered iflong line és exposed to sun light for a long time with stagnant fluid or emply. No, of thermal cyctes 7000, Sustained + Expansion loads + Equipment displacement Sustained Sivess Range 7, Sustained oad Highest stress value < 70 % of allowable stress value. If higher consult Stress iead engined & Rit ‘Bisplacement Stress Range 7. Temp. Load + Equipment displacement 2. Highest stress value < 90 % of allowable stress value. If higher consult Stress lead engineer & RIL. If Liberal stresses are used, the highest stress value <75.% ‘Steam out case (Oocasional Load case) ‘Where applicable, Steam out teriperature willbe | Design Temp for Low-Pressure Steam ie. 190°C. Considered as occasional load case for st check only 'n case line temperature is above steam out temperature, stearn out case will nt exist. ‘Steam out case will be done with lines connected to equigmeni CHOHOSCSHOHHSCSCHSCHESCHCHCOCHCCEHCHCHCOHHCHHOHOHHEHHHK SDS@eeeeeneeeoneneeneoeoeeoeooeneeneeoeneneoneoeoeneeeeeee SHEETNO 5 __OF ia Wind load case (Occasional Load case) 1. Sustained load + Wind load case for Code Stress Check 2. Operating load + Wind load case only for support Loading 3. Wind and Seismic shall not be vonsiderad together. 4. Lines connected to tal equipmenY structures, the | equipment structure sway due to wind shall be Considered for line wind design in terms of nozzle 4& support. Soe Clause 3 in Annexure A ‘Seismic Toad case (Occasional Load case) 7. Sustained + Seismicioad - Code Check | 2 Operating + Seismictoad only for Loading, 38 Siart up & Shut down load case ‘Consider this case for 1. Column connected lines 2. Continuous Reactor connected lines 3._ Intermittent operatioa lines, (Process group to be referred) 38 Fire Case Thermal siress in this case should nol exceed lesser of the following: ‘+ 2 times the basic allowable displacement stress, range (Sa) as quoted in section 302.3.5 of ASME B 31.3 Piping code, + times the basic allowable stress at temperature (S) as per table A-t1 of ASME 831.3 piping code (Fire case temperature to be taken from Process Group) 310 Hydrostatic test case ‘As identified inline list for pressure & Test Medium Lines to be hydrotested shall be checked in sustained case for weight full of weer. ANALYSIS OPTION at Pressure Stress POAT a2 Vertical Direction YRS Tnclode axial force Fr ‘Stress calculation Yes Use liberal allowable stress | Ver Rew Clause 34 Bourdon effet — | For thin walled lines 24” & above, ‘Note: Pipe bowing effect to be considered for steam condensate tines,SHEETNO 6 OF 13 5 NOZZLE LOADING 5.1. | Fabricated equipment 5.2 | Nozzle flexibility consideration 5.3 | Proprietary equipment: ‘Centrifugal pumps Reciprocating compressor Air cooled heat exchangers Centrifugal compressors. Steam turbines Lined equipment (To be decided by case to case basis) WRC 107/297, Local stresses in cylindrical shells Due to external nozzie loads. API610- 7 th EitionVendor allowable ‘API 618-1995, 6 th Edition ‘API 661-2000 ‘API617-1995, 6 th Edition NEMA SM 23-1991 ( Vendor Atowable. 6 FLANGE LOADING 1. In cases where flange loading calculation need to bbe done following shall be used, A flange locaticrs, the axial force and bending ‘moment will be computed in terms of equivalent pressure due to external loading and wil be evaluated against the flange rated pressure at the line pressure taking into consideration the internal design pressure. FalxxDm® +16 Mb [xx Om? qui. Pressure due to external loading Fa = Axial force Mb = Bending moment Om = Mean gasket diameter Flange loading calculation will be done for flanges above 12 "in size, fer the following service fluids, REC ; DEG ; VEG ; REG ; SLR ; CAT; RH; STA, TNR; EG :SH; SCH; HTF ; N2H; ON ; DGH ; VGI HM s ¢ 7 REACTION FORCE CALCULATION Safely valval Contra valve with openiclosed discharge: Use calculated dynamic force and feed as force at the outlet ofthe relief valve. ‘STD, Used for PSV reactions API RP-520 (1996)ANSI B 31.1/9 31.3 as applicable. Bursting use: Reaction force caloulaion 2s por KVAER! |. standara format. tise calculated dynamic force and | feed as iorce atthe outlet of the relief pioe No Saliemen is be considered Tor pled foundation 2, Differential settement between piled foundation ‘and normal open foundation to be considered. 3, Settiement value as per civil basis. (max 25mm) CCCHCC CCC HCC HCC VTCOOSE7 [SHEETNO 7 _oF 13 ‘SPRINGS ’@) The spring hanger shall _be designed for ‘operating temperature case, Once the spring hanger is selected by program (C-II), then same data shall be inputted as user defined spring & nozzle loads shall be checked at design temperature condtion. Spring Hanger design shall be on the basis of Carpenter & Paterson's catalogue. bb) The spring load variation shall not be more than 25%. Beyond that constant spring hanger shall be used, ©). For all the spring hangers on the liquid lines, the WNC (Weight No Content ) case must be Checked. In WNC ease the nozzle loads must be within the allowable limits 70 DISPLACEMENTS Wax pormiied displacements in horizontal, 41. Axial direction = +/- 100mm, 2. Lateral direction = 45mm (This is specific for piperack lines. In other cases, it can exceed the above, arovided there is no clash with adjacent lines/structures) Max. permitted sagging in vertical direction 4. Vertical deflection in piping system between two | adjacent support due to sustained loading shalt be limited 10 a. 6mm max. for steam lines. b.%.of gradient for slopping lines. © 12.7mm max. For all other lines. " TooLs Tit | Sofware & Version — 112 | Geometrical database ] CAESAR Version 4.3 C oftware library shall be used for piping ‘components, valves etc. including weight of the ‘components. In case not available relevant vendor data to be used 2. Insulation thickness shall be entered from line list 3. Specific gravity shal be as follows, Liquids tighter than water = Actual | Liquids neavier than water = Actual Vapour! iiquid mixiure = 0.4 Steam! Vapour = 0.01S| [SHEETNO 8 OF 13 72. DOGUMENTATION 7. Alegible Siress isometric for each system model shall be submitted. The stress isometric shall Clearly define important nodes, dimensions end displacements, axis and support type and locations. 2. Caesarll Inputand output files of *2 & *j Extensions, 3. Computer output hard copy that includes, a) Summary of forces, moments, restraints at each ode for all stress analyzed load cases. b) Summary of displacements at sustained & design load cases ©) Summary of Stresses at sustained , design & ‘occasional cases. 4) The set-up fle and the input echo including elements, uniforrn loads , restraints , units & ti¥= e) Spring Hanger Summary qeSHEETNO 9 OF 7 ANNEXURE A Design Conditions : Stress analysis will be carried out at the stress analysis temperature marked by the process licensor. Salient Points are listed below. a). The flexibility analysis shall consider the most sever operating temperature condition sustained uring startup, normal operation, shutdown, or regeneration. The analysis shall be performed for the maximum temperature differential. The effect of minimum installation & solar temperatures (65.0 deg C) shall be considered in determining the maximum temperature differential ‘The analysis Load cases in CAESAR II will be as follows, Load case I~ Operating temperature (T1) Load case ll ~ Design temperature (T2) ) ‘The mean installation temperature shall be assumed as 21.1 C, ©) Operating conditions shall be used to calculate the thermal forces on the pump nozzles in order to ‘meet the vendor or API 610 allowable. Design conditions shall be used to calculate the stresses in the pipe. 4), Steam Out Lines requiring steam out will be designed for flexibility at steam out temperature. This is, applicable only when the steam out temperature is more than maximum operating temperature or design temperature. Steam out case shall be considered as line & equipment being steam out together. Critical Line Reference Fluor Daniel's piping flexibility analysis specification 000 250 50200 ‘Note exceptions under Points 2, 3, 4 Listed in Clause B below and Points 1 & 2 Listed in clause C. : ‘A. The practices outlined herein establish the minimum requirements to which the Piping Stress Analyst shall adhere in the performance of quality assurance activities to ensure adequate engineering review of piping systems, . Formal computer analysis shall be performed on the following AILIBR Lines. Process lines that are, 2" and larger, with design temperature of 150 C and above, 10” To 18” Lines with design temperatures of 100 C and above. 20” and above Lines with design temperatures over of 65 C and above, Lines connected to strain sensitive equipment such as compressors, blowers and pumps., that are, 1 2" and larger, with design temperature of 150 C and above, 3.2 10” To 18” Lines with design temperatures of 100 C and above. 3-20" and above Lines with design temperatures over af 65 C and above, systems 1 3 "‘SHEETNO 10 OF a 4)" Lines that are connected to air-cooled heat exchangers, process heat exchangers and pressure vessels, that are, 4 and larger, with design temperature of 150 C and above, 4.2 10” To 18” Lines with design temperatures of 109 C and above, 43 20” and above Lines with design temperatures over of 65 C and above. 5, Jacketed Piping. 6. Lines subjected to excessive settlement. 7. Two phase flow lines prone to vibration. 8. Lines with expansion joints as indicated in the P & ID. C, Asa minimum, engineering analysis by visual inspection or short-cut manual calculations shall be performed on the following systems (when they do not fall under Category B): 1, 2 and larger lines with design temperature of 150 C and above, unler the category of utility lines. 2, 2” and above process lines, to and from strain sensitive equipment, below 150 C (300 F), 3 Relief systems, whether closed or relieving to atmosphere, with consideretions for attached or detached discharge pipes. 4, Bare lines exposed to sunlight shall be checked for a solar incidence temperature of 65 deg. C, visually or by manual calculations. If necessary a formal computer analysis will be carried out In addition to the above criteria, computer analysis should be considered for any special piping, as decide by KPGI’s Stress Engineer, in consultation with RIL. 3. Wind Effect: ‘The wind effect shall not be considered forthe lines in the closed areas, For the lines larger than 12” sail diameter which are in the open areas, and the elevation is 10 m & above the wind effect is to be considered (Sail Dia. =Pipe Dia. +Insulation Thk. #Cladding Tak). For all lines, the shadow effect of neighboring lines/vessels/structura will be considered before applying wind effect. The wind loads shall be as per Annexure C, 2 of 2. All pipe supports shall be designed forthe ( wind loads when the wind case is governing 4, Barthquake/Seismic Loads: Al the stress critical lines need to be checked for seismic load conditions. The Horizontal seismic ‘coefficient is to be considered as 0.1008 (Refer Annexure C , 1 of 2). ‘Seismic analysis will be carried out as per static method. Static earthquake loads are applied in a ‘manner similar to static wind loads. The static loading niagnitude is considered to be in direct proportion to the weight. Earthquake loads are defined in iergus of ‘Gravitational acceleration constant (g). Fer eg. if an ‘earthquake load is modeled as having a magnitude equal to 0.5 g in the X-direction, then half the tis tumed into a uniform'load applied in the X-dirzction, | @eeoeoeoseeeoeveoeoeoeoooooeneeSHEETNO OF 19 le load Earthquake static load cases are set up and determined exactly as they are for wind occasional loads, i.e. the seme load case, nonlinearity and directional sensitivity logic. The earthquake uniform loads will be applied in 2 directions (x,z). Earthquake check will be for fluid containmentisystem survival only. Allowable loads on equipment will be correspondingly considered. Allowable stresses will be the yield stress at relevant temperature. All pipe supports shall be designed for seismic loads when the seismic case is governing For all static equipment, the nozzle loads shall be checked at design temperature. The actual nozzle loads shall be compared against allowable nozzle loads as per applicable code and or Kvacmer Powergas standard nozzle load tables (Refer B 1100 STD/SK 151.). Loads on static equipment nozzies above 24” in size shall be informed to vessels department irrespective of ‘magnitude of load. If any load exceeds the above-mentioned criteria then it shali be communicated to respective vendors for formal approval of the same, For lines with bellows, the nozzle loads will ke considered for the maximum operating pressure case Spring support variation near equipment will be minimum, in order to maintain minimum cold loads at the equipraent nozz!e. Rotary equipment nozzie loads shall be checked at normal operating temperature. If normal operating temperature is not available, the maximum operating temperature or design temperature shall be used to establish nozzle loading, Allowable forces and moments for rotating equipment may be increased by 50 percent, for reactions occurring, only when the pump is not operating Le. steam out, spare, etc. 93ANNEXURE B Seismid Coefficient ‘The Hofizontal Seismic coefficient is calculated by Response Spectrum method, as per If 1893-1984. [As per fhe same, Hazira lies in seismic Zone Il ‘The hofizontal seismic coefficient is calculated as follows, B I. Fo. (Sa/g)= 0.1008 where, (Hor}zontal seismic coefficient) = B (coefficient depending on soil foundation system) = 1.2 1 (lmpbrtance factor of the structure) = 1.5 Fo (seimic zone factor) = 0.2 Salg (average acceleration coefficient) = 0.28 Caesaf II Input to use 'g' Option for Uniform Loads, where g = 0.1008 | | | COSC SSSCSSSEHSSESSHSOSSESOSSCECEEEECHREAaAZE& oF 2 Design Wind speed, V,= Vicki-ka-ks SHEETNO Wind Load calculation is as per IS: 875 (Part 3) - 1987 Basic Wind speed, Vy = 44 vs | where ky = 1.07 risk coefficient ks = 1.0 topography factor ky = terrain factor which varies with height Hence V,= 1.07 Vp.ke Design Wind pressure, P, = 0.6 V2 kN/m? VE Height Mis kN/m* upioldm 0.98 46.14 1.28 0.96, 15m 102 48.02 1.38 1.04 20m 105 4943147 1.10 30m 15479 4618.2 50m LIS S416 1.76 1.32 92m 1209 $6921.94 1.46 Shape Factor Cr (Code Section D-1 Aiso BS CP-3) DxV2<6 Cr=12 (D=Diameter of Pipe + Insulation in Inches) 07 e e e se e 12<=DxV2<33 G 6<=DxV2<12 Cr=06 C= 08 Recommend Caesar II Input to include Cf and then Pz to be included in the Wind Load Generator. Use of win Caesar II input not recommended It is to be checked whether Seismic govems before doing extensive Wind runs. as46 | z$|eSSe/ pue” “yoxa, yeeH jewozuoy jJo-oippes pexi4.jo u ie ss uoleropisuco ‘gSdijs 0} anp pe yuewediojulel Jo queweunber Ayuep| > | - yuowainood JO} uc nesijioads mojjag/ainPeyos Buds aedeld * jo INID.O1 Bulpeoj yoddns jeonwo ayeojuNu! JOD © 7 ngjeo aBeyeo| ebuely Uuoed = . 7 i” Suvidya Institute of TechnologyWt Piping Engineering. SydeibOWON HuUlsy< BuO, We Spo Suyidya Institute of TechnologyPiping Engineering ‘Suvidya Institute of Technology : ssishie ABojOpoujo|' 9S quowdinba |e9 sessa4sS 9B JUsWSIe| sessays Arepuoses 9. Al eel eee el ood © _— Ss aaq “= Piping Engineering ‘Suvfdya Institute of TechnologyPiping Engineering pgjgeuue Q-UOHJOISIP 1j. QINIIEL wajsks Buldid ay} Jo YMoJb JEW} quosqe 0} Ayiay eweyskg Buidid au Jo. ANNGXel4-S} JUN O ‘Suvidya Institute of Technology a @eeeeseeeeneeeneeeneeeeeeneeeee ee eee8eeee*‘Suyidya Institute of Technology un, WEES » sduing leBnynyueq » “ gleBUBYOX] JeOH] Pue sjosson » Bulpeo7 9jzzon » Bulpeo?> uaddng aBeyee7 abuely ¢ : BuibBes adiq » -yuawaoe|dsig ewweyL xe» pe Hep — Coeececececeeeeseeeseceer olPiping Engineering Suvidya Institute of Technology 50| (MOUS @ PIN @.4 quawdinby snl Aud © Peo aluIsies i mee sassons Teuiiid < Id 84} Ul SASSAYLS 19,395; e 7 ee eeCO |S CHSHOHEHOHHHO HOES HOO HOE OO RO HL OOOELEOOL Piping Engineering to3 => S8Ssel]g psonpul » eLaII9 Burysayup @ Seibert FH SSNS ATEPUODOS< : LBYI9 Bupjoeyd < assong Aled < 2 i & 3 i £ 3Piping Engineering Suvidya Institute of Technology Py udwo9-aiqy J83NO vOMUneEG ~abuey ssoqg. DITDAD ~ 8cry SuIpeo7 sse.ng “uolsue | -esqy Jeuu| SS MOS. WV. VNU |EUSY | @ @aeesereove de 02020 eee8 8888608880828 0808 0 @ amPCOTH HES THEHOCHOOCECOHO ROCCE EEORO COO HOO OS Piping Engineering aca US ozo o 2g cz = (eg) eBuey S8O1S algemolny 4 : ~ (AS) 88895 PIA ‘Supidya Institute of Technology106 Piping Engineering 9-0 aIgel ‘ered Jey): IONSe/F JO sninpoyy Huno,, ; Pst b-9 aqel ‘Ee "3 ‘ Bis ? sud faulsuLye J805 ee : “3 7 omipicdwol 9 Suvidya Institute of Technology CHOOHGHSHCHCHOHSSSCESOHSHSHHSSHSSHSHHOHOSSESHEHES8ESEeOBG => 9g UbIse asxy +248 | Piping Engineering 2 3 5 5 g 2 3 3Piping Engineering Buipeo] 10, sdnou6 jeo|ueyo9| sanbiuyoe} jenuew pel, JSI], UI] [ZOHO Sse.ys ponss| Ud;peseg pow 9j6uls ul Soul Jo dnois apni eg oledeld a. SHO Soinpoooid BUDIION TeEuED Suvidya Institute of Technology SOOCCOHCHCECSHSOHOOHSSSSSHOHEOSOHOSESHEHESEEESjulenseu ayeIpeweyul ON ©. Piping Engineering (sw ) gouejsiq JOyoUy ( syyw ) yybue7 pedojesq =" wu) juswede|ds! 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Ww ‘PUOD eoueUs}UIeYy /UMOp Inys Suunp wajSks uy woddng o, MOISE] JO ISNAY BINSSeig.sty.quosqe o1 “ Piping Engineering lois fe Oe WisjSAS Cui 2 Swayshs Buidig Buyjesing auy Ul 9A Aya Institute of TechnologyPiping Engineering Suvidya Institute of Technology 1 18q : adh} ejqeve, adA | jueysuop e syioddng epics! a syoddng eiqeisn{py C1 dk adh Papen ° <——, __poddng pibry oO uo peseg< ‘adk| peploM -UON © adh Paplonn. © Hunsey Jo esoo07. 0 SuONO A 4 UO, peseg<. uojuuny O HOdag TOS < Piping Engineering juawiuseny o u juouueiy o Sa Y WOURUeLUyORNY O si1e}9q -syioddns adi4:jo sadhy Suyidya Institute of Technology: ae JeAelL a ayey Buds’ m peorjo} adh 8010: Jue]SUOD ‘Suvidya Institute of Technology spoddng ONINdS —O HUN Joysniuy weg o pobuly =” ley m oo €€.d: BSN.01 LON AUM gsn:o1 Aum oO Suvidya Institute of TechnologyPiping Engireering 3 2 3 2 a IRE REE RERRRRRERRERRRERRRERRERRRRRRRERRSuvidya Institute of Technology Check List CHECK ITEMS & POINTS. jeneral. 1. Dwg. No. Rev. No. Issue Date. Issue Description and North direction property marked. 2. Issue column is property highlighted 3. Correctness of symbols used. Pheek with plot plan. 1. Location as per plot plans. 2. Co-ordinates confirmed 3. Elevations confirmed Mechanical department inputs. 1. Checked as per Engg. Dwgs. Nozzle Nos. shown 3. Nozzle schedule shown 4. Nozzle orientation shown 5. Lugs/Legs elevations / orientations checked 6. Fixed / siding support located 7. Local platform Ladders / stairways shown 8. Size and type of rotary equipment marked 9. Overall size and access requirement for package item ‘heck with civil / structural design 1. Grid Nos. confirmed All elevations shown PYF ladders for operation / Maintenance shown Fouling with piping checked Foundation co-ordinates & heights confirmed Location of local support (Check fouling with near by foundation) ayaen Pheck with Instrumentation, 1, Instrument- piping design scope for hook-ups of level, flow, temperate & pressure instruments. 2. End connection & F/F or E/E dimensions of all instruments 3. Level gauges and transmitter’s access / viewing direction 4, Instrument cable tray / duct route and its supporting’ 5. Local control panels, location, access around this door opening 6. Location of analyzer tapings 7. Instrument air manifold location and end connections 8. Straight length requirements for flow instruments + 9. Space around flow orifice fer valve operation 10. Straight length requirement after control value to avoid vibration if required 11. Installation / Maintenance space required for control valve 12, Installation / Maintenance space required for thermo well 13. Location of instrument junction,boxes. Check with electrical / cables trenches 1. Fouling with cable trays WsSuvidya Institute of Technology Check List Orientation of junction box for electrical motors and fouling with piping Consideration for maintenance & requirement of lifting equipments Grounding & bonding requirement for piping ing Design 1.” Line Nos. / material specification and insulation given as per P & ID diagrams 2. Matching connections at equipment nozzles, headers, continuation Dwg. (U/G & AIG piping) 3. Tie-in connections location and type with package units 4. Spacing between pipes, including insulation (if applicable) 5. Elevation for plan view, center line elevation in isometrics view 6. Fouling with other lines structures, platforms etc. 7 8 9. Flow direction for lines Accessibility for valve operations Tap off for instrumentation Qln-Line instruments dimer requirement 10. Special Piping items no marking 11. Satisfy all General Notes shown on reference P& I Diagram 12. Any special process requirements, 13. Scope demarcation between piping &other (like package Units Instn.C! 14, ‘Type of joint at battery limits 15. Design check with Stress Analysis 16. Support Nos.Location &Type 17. Access Requirement for equipment erection and maintenance 18 Safety precaution and regulations 19. Aesthetic look 20. Hydro test vents and Drain shown 21. Hose station shown 22. Eye washer shown 23. Check with respect to U/G piping layout 24. All instrument tag nos.marked 25. All Equipment nos.marked 26. Center line elevation for all horizontal equipment nos.marked 27. Adequacy of proper supporting 28. Safety valve discharge line supporting, 29. Additional steam condensate trap at low points 30. Instrument Air and Steam trace manifolds. ns &maintenance ete.) Inter Department check 1. Process Dept.Comments Received/Followed 2. Comments from instrumentation Received/Followed 3. Comments from statutory authority Followed (if any) Other documents 1. Loads due to various pipe restraints issued to civil 2. Insert Plate information issued to civil Dept. 3. Vendor Drawing for special piping parts checked 4. Other specialities, ifany Plot plan updated to match piping plans 9Suvidya Institute of Technology 1.Confirmation for the following design data 1.1 Loading points ‘a) Ensure anchor point of piping system b) Ensure support method and loading for Ins/Elect. Facility c) Ensure subject to be applied wind load. And seismic load 4) Ensure loading point of maintenance load ©) Ensure loading point on a girder 1.2 Direction of loading a) Ensure thermal reaction force by piping system )_ Ensure consideration to start -up condition 1.3 Kinds of loading I Long term loading ‘a. Ensure thermal reaction force . Ensure piping loading, (Classify bare pipe, insulation or full water loading) ¢. Ensure thrust force due to internal pressure and spring force in the expansion joint . Ensure duct. Loading (instrumental/electrical duct or tray) U.Short term loading . Ensure loads during pressure test. ... Ensure loading at maintenance period . Ensure wind load, seismic load Ensure consideration on start -up condition Ensure friction force 2.Confirmation for the maintenance and operation 2.1Maintenance sa) Ensure overhead clearance for maintenance way b) Ensure maintenance method for pump etc. ¢) Ensure preparation of maintenance beam or lifting jig 2.2 Operation a) Ensure necessity of patrol way 'b) Ensure connection to adjacent structure ©). Engure interval of ladders and/or stairs installation 3.Preparation of information 1 Confirm the latest referenced document for reparation of information 2. Ensure existence and location of expansion joint, if any 3. Note for allowed or not-allowed place for bracing and its type 4, Note for the limitation of beam depth ‘5. Ensure pipe rack layer height and support method for girder (interference with beam and other construction) Note for interference with underground constructions. (Foundation beam and other construction) /. Check interference of piping with instrumentation / electrical duct, column, beam, brace (consider insulation and thermal movement) Arrangement of.rack piping confitm whethey large bore piping and for high temp piping located closed to main columns ). Check a possibility of integration of column with adjacent structures. SOSCHOHSHSHOHOHSHOHHOHHOHSHHOSHESCEHHHHHSHHHHHHOHOSu 1 2 3. 4. 1 2 3 1. 2, 3 n 12. OO OO B00 Oe eee eee 10. 12. 13. Suvidya Institute of Technology Check List Confirm the method for adjustment of installation height for horizontal drum and heat exchanger etc. (by the means of additional cradle or extension of saddle) . Confirm whether the axis direction of steel members was considered to the direction of loading Confirm whether the information for opening was indicated. Ensure whether the hold items were listed up and marked up in the drawing, Plant Battery limits - Plant battery limits and fence is shown as per the General Plot plan/Owner’s requirement/statutory requirement Basic Design data Equipment layout provided by Licensor/Basic engineering package is referred. Plant Finished grade level is shown. Geographical &Plant north are shown & angle between them is shown. Prevalent wind direction is shown Access roads Width of Roads is as per client's requirements. Road around the units are provided in such a way that crane access is available. Requirement of firefighting is met. Arrangement of Equipments in Unit. Equipments are arranged in process sequence for short piping runs and operational and maintenance ease. Pipe rack should be kept preferably in the center of unit so that unit can be split in the two or more areas of equipments. Pumps should be arranged in two rows close to and on either side of Pipe Rack. Heat Exchangers and vessels should be grouped together forming outer rows on both side of Pipe Rack, Heat Exchanger should be located perpendicular to the pipe rack on the outer row and adequate tube removal space is provided. Fired heaters should be kept at open end of the unit and upwind from the remaining equipments. : Air fin coolers are installed preferably aboye the pipe rack. Pump handling high temperature /hydrocarbon materials sre not installed below the air fin cooler. Towers/columns should be located aldng the pipe rack towards open area for unobstructed erection as well as maintenance of internals at grade Tall tower are preferably located at one place, so that platforms at higher elevations can be interconnected for operators convenience. only day tanks are located :,ithin Battery fimit Knock out drum, drain collection /blow down drums are located at one comer and far away frora fired equipments within the plant. Requirement of monorail for maintenance for pumps & motor below pipe rack is checked. . yo1 2. 1 2. 3. 4. 5. 1 2. 3 4. 1 2. 1 2, 3 a buvidya Institute of Technology Equipment spacing For deciding distance between equipments, consideration have been given for piping near equipments, erection, operation, maintenance owner's / licensor’s requirement & safety distance as per relevant statutory guidelines. Consideration is given for catalyst loading and other pre commissioning related Compressor House Elevation of compressor foundation is decided after considering straight length requirement for suction piping if suction nozzle is at bottom. Center to center distance between to compressor is kept as per the vendor's recommendation Dropout area is earmarked clearly as per the maintenance procedure Width, length & height of the compressor house are decided after considering operation & maintenance requirement including space for future installation, Capacity for EOT /HOT or other applicable lifting device is 10% more than the weight of the heaviest single piece to be maintained / owner’s requirement / vendor's recommendation Brructures ‘Minimum height (head room) is maintained between two platform (floors) as per the local Factory rules etc. Stairs /ladder including escape routes are planned as per the requirement of local Factory rules etc. Removable platforms/gratings are provided as per the requirements. Structure for lifting/material handling devices are planned Pipe rack Pipe rack is located in such a way that run of piping is minimum. Enough spare space is available as per the contract requirement. For straight run of pipe rack without break is as per the requirement of civil. |AFD & AFC plot plans are issued after incorporating the followings. Feed back of details design (piping GA dwgs) Grid numbers and spacing of Pipe rack & Structural including major supports. Size of the Foundation etc for major equipments.POMOC CHSSHSHHHSHSSSHHSHSHSHHHHHEHHHEEEK ETE ABBR\VATI ONS feeerni— Suvidya Institute of Technology PIPING Sr.No. _ | Short Forms Long Forms 1 MILP MIXED INTEGER LINEAR PROGRAMMING 2 MINLP MIXED INTEGER NON LINEAR PROGRAMMING 3 | HEN | HEAT EXCHANGER NETWORK 4 PRD PROCESS LOW DIAGRAM 5 UNS UNIFIED NUMBERING SYSTEM 6 AWS _| AMERIAN WELDING SYSTEM 7 AWWA ‘AMERICAN WATER WORK ASSOCIATION 8 IPs IRON PIPE SIZES 9 PBE PLAIN BOTH ENDS 10 | PLE PLAIN LARGE ENDS [oun [Pse PLAIN SMALL ENDS 2 | TSE THREADED SMALL ENDS 3 [RU RING TYPE JOINT 14 | MSRL MILD STEEL RUBBER LINED 15 | MSGL_ MILD STEL GLSS LINED : 16 | woG WATER O11. GAS 17 [LDAR LEAK DETECTION & REPAIR 18 | LAER LOWEST ACHIEVABLE EMISSION RATE 19 | T0G TOP OF GROUTE 20 [GAD GENERAL ARRANGEMENT DRAWING 21 [SCH ‘SCHEDULE 2 | LAC LAST ANNUAL COST 23 ‘| BPT BRITISH PIPE THREAD 24 | NPS NOMINAL PIPE SIZE 28 BRW ELECTRIC RESISPANCE WELDED [26 |erW | ELECTRICFUSION WELDED 27 RF SLIP ON RAISE FACE, 4 12PIPING 29 | AARH ‘ARITHMATIC AVERAGE ROUGHNESS HEIGHT 30 | MSwG METALLIC SPIRAL WOUND GASKET 31 EPA ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY 32 | BLE BEVELED LARGE END 3 «(TG TONGUE / GROOVE 34 [FF FLAT FACE 33 RF RAISE FACE 36 [Os&y | OUTIDESCREW& YOKE 37_| PTFE POLY TETRA FLURO ETHYLENE 38 | EPDM ETHYLENE PROPYLENE DIENE MONOMETER 39 | Tos ‘TOP OF STRUCTURE 40 ‘| FOF FACE OF FLANGE a1 [Fccu FLUID CATALYTIC CRACKING UNIT 2 [MSL MEAN SEA LEVEL 43 [se STATE INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION 4 [pce POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD 45 | SEB STATE ELECTRICITY BOARD 46 | coor CHIEF CONTROLLER OF EXPLOSIVES 47__ | smpv STATIC & MOBILE PRESSURE VESSEL 48 | TAC TARIFF ADVISORY COMMITTEE 4 [cw CHIEF INSPECTOR OF BOILERS 50 | oisD OIL INDUSTRY SAFETY DIRECTORATE st [FDA FOOD & DRUG ADMINISTRATION s2__| PDs PROCESS DATA SHEET 33, | FEG FABRICATED EQUIPMENT GROUP ea ols MANUFACTURER SeSsOCIATION 35 | NPSH [NET POSITIVE SUCTION HEAD 56 uscs _| UNITED STATES COUSTOMER SYSTEM a ~ 38 [Pec | PLAINCEMENTCONCRET Te Suvidya Institute of Technology= FSU/FSD FLAT SURFACE UP / DOWN 60 TEMA Ren ee MANUFACTURER'S 61 RSA RESPONSE SPECTRUM ANALYSIS 62 MRS MULTI RESPONSE SPETRUM. 63 URS UNIFORM RESPONSE SPECTRUM, 64 EJMA oe MANUFACTURERS: 65 BPV BOILER PRESSURE VESSEL [6 [ecu BODY CENTER UNIT G 67 FCU FACE CENTER UNIT 69 PID PROCESS INPUT DATA 70 LHR LONGITUDINAL HOOK’S RADIAL 7m AHR AXIAL HOOK’S RADIAL : 72 LDPE LOW DENSITY POLYPROPELENE ETHYLENE. B PWHT POST WELD HEAT TREATMENT 14 FST FIRE SAFE TWINDISH 76 TPH ‘TON PER HOUR Suvidya Institute of Technology eeeeeeeeeeeeseeeoeoeee eee eee e eee 80 0008 | ws”“23 SONU ad “Side ‘SEU SNM BO LASNV. dd SY SNOISNaNIG GuvaNAs. | S_SNOISHL 5 ele[ale| {3 BRBBE | 2[8|8|2|9[8I8) {s|e\ala| al sle[3 sig} 3 lelelel alate eles als | aisle BBBEEE lal 3] ]8)8|=|3|3/9/5 iaia|siyls|e|s| | [ete| lela il feiala/e || /5]8/8| E e/a] _(alalalsls| {3/8 3|e|3| [3 sla} al BEEEREBEE BARE alelele! | =] a[slsle| lea -[elele aiSuvidya Institute of Technology Piping Engineering Table 1 Heat Conversation Insulation Thickness (MM Hot Face Temperature Other Than Steam Service (605 eas ores | 1 908] 2051 [et 26 1917 |e 72 | e428 | Temp |_| to | to | to | to | t | to | tw | To WeEpipe | 95 | 149 | 204 [260 [316 | 371_| 427 | ag2_| 338 ys | Se | se below * [40 25 25 40 40 40 50 30 65 65 50 40_[| 40 | 40 | so | 50 [65 [6s | 75_| 75 80 40_| 40 [40 | s0_[ 50 | 65 [6s [75 | 80 QO. ek 40 ie) ar 40 Ws 50 eet 75 | 7a 75a el 20 e100 100 | 150 40 40 50, 75 75 75, 80 100_| 100 200 | 40 | 40 50 e575] too | 100 | tis | 1s 250 | 40 | 40 50. 75 75 | 100 | io0 | is | 1s 300 40_{40_|65_|~75_| 100 |" 100 | 100 | is [1s 350 40_| 40 | 65 | 75 | 100 [100 [100 [is | 115_| 400 | 40 | 40 | 65 | 75 | 100 | 100 |“ too [1is_| 115 450 | 40 | s0_| 65 | 75 | 100 | 100 | 100 | is | 115 500 40 | 50 65, (75 |e 0 ee] et OC | eat 00a 1 | 15) 550 40_|so_| 65_|_75 | 100 | 100 |" 100 [11s | 115 600) 40_| 50 | 65 | 75 [100 [100 | 100 | 1s [nis Vessel & | Plat 50 | 65 15 90 | 1s | 125 | 150 | 180 | 180 surface _ H.E.°F | 140% | 201 to | 301 to | 401 to | 501 © | 601 t | 701 to | BOI t0 | 901 to Temp. | 200 | 300 | 400 | soo | 600 | 700 | 800 | 900 | 1000 Notes: Thickness is insulation only and exclude any finishing material,lya Institute of Technology TABLE I Cold Conservation Insulation Thickness (mm) Vs. Cold Face Temperature. +17 7 #10 | 42 o | 6 | 2 | 28 to to to to to te +u_| 45 5 21 | 27 | 35 25 0 0. 6 a 6 80 2 25 40 40 65 65 65 80 2 25 40 40 65 65 65 80 4 40 40 30 65 65 80 90 5 40. 50 50 65 80 80 90 8 40, 50 50 65 80 80 90 a 40 50 65 80 90 90 90 13 40 50 65 80 90 90_|_100 24 40 30 63 30 ‘90 | 100 | 100 25] 50. 65 oo 90. 90 1o0_| 115 3 50 65 65 90_| 100 | 11s | 115 33 30 65 65 90_[100_| 115125 400 50, 65 80 LOOsm| a 1x) ab 125 ema ael125 450. 65 80. 80 100 Wis 125 140, 500 65. 80. 80 100) us 125 140 Fit 65 80 80 100 | 125 | 140 | 150 Surface. 28position of the nearest to the ansion joints 1S most cal. The lirst guide must be located within a 2 of four pipe vers from the ;eansion joint and the within fourteen 2 damoters from the guides whch along Maximum recom- mended spacing between pipe supports mp so P98 SPACING OF PIPE ALIGNMENT GUIDES AND SUPPORTS \24{ i PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS ! STAINLESS STEEL } PN9.8 Group Ho.2 ae iN Groep : TABLE 1 TABLE 3 TT predact Spee No. Grade Notes Protect Spee, Won Grade _ Note yu saz 308-23 | g| [rae Saruo ste 23 peer cocci creses 1206 |S || eateper S00) 900 ee 8 | Smet. Saas rP30en Z| _ [Sm m. sans rene 2 z Sri To Se rosoe, 2 |S [SB [sms Te. Saat Testen Ls ‘Seis. SA312 TP304H Z| BE | smis pp. Saaz TPs 2 é Sms.fo, “saat Thee Leg| EE | smn ep Saziz Trane 2 Smit Pes $a376 TPSOUH shaq |Seere SH ed = Gant pe. saasa | Te3oeH S| EE | sms ep sasre rose 2 ig Fors SANE “Thos 2. [| a | smis pp. Saaz -TraueH iE Fors. Saaz F304 Z| Sg |cost rp. saase TenieH 3 fs Shs “soe 23518] [fom . Seas Fie for. | Suie2 Fateh g[ tase: re 23g \ x : lt 3 Soest Grade toes | 8 aan 7 z sano sn — | Samet eo \g sazis teen — |S ae i2 Saaz Test — |S]. [rme saa ais — | saaez Fost — || S| 4B | sms ve. Savi vense — 1 gaara 300k S| Z| BG | Sms Pp, SAaI2 TeaLeL — | EB | Foro. shigz FIL 4 i te sare ok I : = it MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE STRESS YADUES, 1.000 pst, : peareaeats 157 | 0 | 100 1330 | 140 | 430 | 190 Tea] a a] as] ta] tao to | 9a. 2o| 23 | 14 | ia was apasp apy 107 jos, aa 23 | 3 [ua PORES sper ai vac ext Qt ut dnt ace 00 of he i rng temper Ua of Ps Neh ns aes ont haga dae ermane sf ec wet nese RSS Yd fut acer nppleaicn were ah melt of eorton et SOT: man : ate Shove ee eae tee as ab 04 ON i eat esate oy beating i Sealnu emgcue cf I apd coring Qf oe we Pa meine eae 4.!Spectied ri, tna, al 65.0. 4 x eae $ SEES Sot er masa ne aso tec, peo or wn sony |eho heheneheha Roses ohoholesosoleloloho Role loielol clolosesoloscsololele: ‘THERMAL EXPANSION:. sg Linear Thermal Expansion betwean 70F and IndleatedTeimpeature tnenes/t00 Feet | |THE DATA OF THIS TABLE ARE-TAKEN FROM THE AMERICAN STANDARD COi FOR PRESSURE MIPING. IT Ig NOT TO BE IMPLIED THABMATERIALS ARE SUITABL FOR ALL THE TEMPERATURES SHOWN INTHE TABLE. MATERIAL 250 | Monet 25 | gy Melo, | a nice] aluminum 3 at i aA f 3b + aE i 1.) 8 wo a ee ib tc) | ae 605 4387] “ eet 664 . 4 2OS3|S88 qa ya)| Appendices 263, APPENDIX D PROPERTIES OF HEADS a ns LECT ye 4 . “Formulas Depth of Head _ d=L- ya? Bt ts] fel a code ianiece ea: 21S. Volume rustufn) = 838b x (e2 + 6a +32) pherkal segment) = xc? (L~€/3) 120r3x singcos+a9x V4 =(solid ff revolution) = os ‘TOTAL VOLUME: V, + Vy + V3 Cer SoC Uw KYO wT EwE VU SCO OUESVIOPESCEHECEEIDUEISESSE ‘Sur ‘Dept ot Points on heads wee) nue “10 Vee NRE 1080 ove4 250 sorter? ase ne 0 s20604 100 seco eu eeTypes of Service fo Manwsans SUKSUSEGGGUEGD: «PS L fnstrument connectio = Vents 1 Drains fe Process connections PManges Y. types a Slipon 1b, Weld neck, long weld neck Lapjoine 4. Blind fe. Screwed f Plate flanges g Studding outlets he Reverse ype fange Reducing flange |}. Graylock hub conne:tor 1 Socket weld. 2. Flange Facing a. Flat face b. Raised face ¢._ Finish (smooth, star dard, serrated) 4. Ring joint f Tongue and groove Male and female evwevusevesGu Gaskets Types a. Bing, nanahestos sheet b. Flatmeal Spiral wound a. Metal jacketed Corruigated metal Rings (hexagonal «r oval) etal gs Internals, Types a Trays, seal pans b. Piping distributor JUYDVOVUEwUwewe” 2 (ans ving, delta ring,,fec Aopendicas 209 |e Bales Gh Demisters |e Packing 1 Liq aiseibanos sy Nortex breakers |B Bed suppers i Coils Figuro Ftlpressure Vessel Design Manual iin Weer) = M Figure F-2. Typical reactor internals 134 5 0° SBS 5 OSS 8S 80'S 6 O'S 6 OTF OEE OOSHOSHSHOHSHSHSOHSOHSEHHOHSHOHOEHHEEHHHEHHHHEOHS Nozzes and piping must meet process requltements wile platforms must satiety maintenance end aerating needs coy1 Retritad erettin Detail 4: Distributors Detail 1: Reboiler connections 2 @©0C CHSC CCHHHHHHEHHHOHOHHHHEOSEHED eee108 918 wos aasn Buy SoNLs¥9-——$——— pai _____syog qiyns wos aasn av soniosos————————— —| sant Bowivioisociy eoreyiissvoes.0 csv 20 cos¥/929 100 ¥ He 701 ¥/ 10 9 081 ¥ A904 une —————s70nv1s yos aasn aay sowouos sao can) compa soy ‘ornouos| SYIB.YW G33N AINOWNOD Ewa] COCCCCH SECO HOO OH OE EO® eeeovoeeeveeoeeeees fl 0 62 oe \ae 90000H-ILISSampee. Fee PIPING ELEMENT SPECIFICATION |. oe wa psa Ye eT carson sre [ne wt ass SERVICE ; MEDIUM PRESSURE STEAM VOL nae PRESET wahonna| T RANG & FANG: SOF, RF vesion | ae 7 chrions | | Tome sn Rio 5 Seba Tt pesseae een | 18 oo bs mw fralsals [este fs [se [ele [efalu fill al] er, NOMINAL SIZE en iom|'s |20 | 25 [+0 | so] eo | 100] 150| 200] 250] 300] 50 | 00] <0] seo [eo] NO. THORNESS (romney) 7a |a0 [se [37] 3a] s5]e@ 70 [zeleniest SOHEDULE NUMBER THICKNESS 40 7 sa |[ wren ASI A106 tr. 8, SEAMLESS Elromos Pa eva DENSON STANGARO ANS! 8 36.10 PIPE To PIPE sOWT sw coumuNG| —_6UTT WELD TE Sup ON & BUND, RASED FACE : [wea [asmd a=108 7 1S 2002 ora i = - I eee i 88s || nee “| sw S000f [ut be SeAniss To Si PPE Tae ~ 5 ATERAL ‘STM A105 | ASTM AMZ Ge, WB OMENSION STANGARO 61 81611) M8 169, R150 aft w|i, SeMMess RATING [3000 # 10 SUT SoH. 40 PRE | é Sint ee : E SIM A105] ASTM A-234 GW wool 2] eceno $21 22 | y enroaceo ser on woe |S sockourt ¥ wpe | 1 Trego. fotet xo Ww weipoker vtvtu 330 Bu BUTT welo Tee vlutety z HALF COUPLING sow - g ao [vo] ME AE SOUPUNG 5 pte 5 mo [e | sc * scReWen Tee vfvyepetefe g v0 [6 wlufululujule Z| pRancd 28 x 3] ome [ee mwlewfulululululu we fs wlefew/ulululujuly § so | 2 owl fululululululu 3 61% owfulvlulvlulululy a a we [we [We [we |e [He | He | He | He = [A ve [we [we [we | we | He He [He He wpe weve lve [we |e [ic | Hc [He ne | E ~ | [steele 56 | 66 | 00] 150 00e e e e e e ° e e s e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e VALVE NO. VAFB15 ‘VALVE DATA SHEET (GATE.GLOBE,CHECK NEEDLE BALL.BUTTERFLY,PLUG) WORKNO. : _ ITEMS MARKED m ARE APPLICABLE (GENERAL ID. GEARED HANDWHEEL: — NPS ID FLEXIBLE SOLID WEDGE (AS PER API600) IODRAINNOZZLE MATERIAL: IONIPPLE AT SW ENDS MATERIAL: [OD LOCKING DEVICE ABBREVIATION: BE:Boled Bonnet BC'Bolted Cover PB:Pressure sa Bonnet NB:Non Bonnet WE:Welded Bonnet WC:Welded Cover UB'Unior Bonnet PC:Pressure seal Co ISNS:Inside-Screw and Non sing Stem _ISRS:lnsie Screw and Rising Stem OSAY:Outside Screw and'Yoke - FLGD:Flanged SW:Socket Weld BW:Buit Wet SCRD'Screwed FF-FlatFace —-RF:Raised Face RTJ:Ring Type Joint HF: Face hadrening LBB : Long Bolt Bonnet NBR Butadiene-acryionitile Rubber RIFE:Reinoroed PTFE PTEE:@Ceoeeoeeeeeeeseeeeeoeeeeeeeeeseeeoeeesed eC SI TSW TasoN GsuNOS SIVOIgUNIO ISS ‘Sere (GAT SHD SAWA DIRIVENG HI ONS] TINO AW SuAL NOMSaRNOD ON] ze Bayo GOS, seyi0 owAva owns WO. Tv Nouvousoaas T3L0N owns We woveIv/ 1a WoosY | inwin0s ait ‘ness Nene OM WO sizv MSY 2008 = NIGNSEaY WHIT enue ‘Banssaus 1831) ry 7aLowaro evs 30¥e015] : UBL SUNY 40 ZONVIS| 7 so RENEE TENNOTH| ‘enV /OL [BNYEREO/NOEIO aNd] NOWONOO wav omusiog- » oyu goee | _ 2880 Se ee z we Galan D ava now | oe Tsun ‘3LYa ONIVSEE 104 Te Wasa "Hive owHavaNG:Ino Twa Ea o, Nos Hsv| SEROAA NORVOOREAH SERENE 30 SEAM Tas 10 73530 ‘on SUaHJSORLV Sr soeNS| 'SNT130 ONS CoUEEEEM OE aroma oc ah aveoMa MOT TOuvoG)| re Serena} = NN ous ‘GHINSNaTIOg © ONS] NOLOSNNCO = 325 TwAINOn| TorWAS (OW ANGORNOS WOES] 2 TOHNOTSU “WISIN FAVS WOT ISSAS VIVO veDATASHEET FOR SPECIAL PIPING PARTS (RUPTURE DISC) [Becker on?) [Bist Perma vans Sea Patenecennsce | ten hegre] Oo Tost = z aes = se 310% [= “om , [—paers es Se #583 an ow Roe Gee ge | (esse [ea Tae] = = ers 3 — = — {ise 3 Fsga Face aR DBE SD— 500 PS Se TNETS™ aeDATA SHEET FOR SPECIAL PIPING PARTS. (siGHT GLAss) i] har (ae Shoot 202 eo oe @- 0 © © 0 0 6 0 00 0 0 0 6 0 6-00-00 06 6 0 0.000088 @ 8 |"F1V1430¥ LON SI ONISINVATVOOYIDIT ATNO GSINVATVD 41d LOH 38 TIVHS VaLdvaY ~— "Gg gard] NOLLVOIsID3ds) - TESiON st ais] SVN = [_ NE NOTLSNNOD| zB _|— FIONV AVUdS| NOLLYOIAID3eS| [- ‘anos LIvd Ava SIZZON - ~[CSIOW sw NIE = 3Z15| I 7 oO G.)SUALVESANEL NOISSO pf [ { cee yas (Szu2/6)) sunsszad NOISAG| Sez . “x¥H/'NIMI rt) iE ee ~-5- fom SSeS lisosGin| _NoL.zaNoo i i a Aitnva stapads|. _* NSIS30) T (an Sea ess GEE ME oe _ _ ieee a | MBL [== aims| [ sire ais Sata iaans| 20e/HOE/EOE-3 "ON “SMG ONTaTd| Th Tr soorzarea —wrisvig Mona] —_ NOHO 0 ‘ALILNYAO] NeNdS “ON ALIGOWWOD “WID3ds| 0 a a 2 o 0 “ON NOISTASY SYZZOW AVES BOs TSSAS VIVO 1D3Oud ! ON Ome 2219 + ‘ON SOL ‘XIONAdd¥ SOCSCSHSSHSSSHOSGHFSSHSSSCSCSSCOSSCSSCOCSSCSOTEOSOOA-@-0_0 0 0_6_0.0.0_0.0 0 0-0 0-6-0 6-0 0-0-0seecpeveewsacensessasiesiseessvel lsCCC TVS CeCe ree CeCe ees sSTHHSHHSSHSHSSHSHSSSHSHSHSHSHHSHHSSSCSCSCEESEOH®S"CCC CCC CCC COCO CES EO® @Peeeeseveeveeseee a Tv S282 = es | = Ss —— = = EEEEEE = ae ao Sl] =| % EEA ——————————Sec on@eeoseeeeeeeeoseeeneseeeneevneevseseeeeee sePOSSHHSHHSHSHSSHHOHOSE SSS SSHOSESSOESEEEEES ———cristae SPHOSARODOHCOHORAOSOSHEHOCCCHOCHC BOHOL ESEE®Se s e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e @ > > > > > 5 > 3 s 2 > zx 3 a: > 3: 2 2 > 2 = a 2 > fpst=12-14 CDE FL 105,000 & 102.009, fv vessel @- He. eL 190-650 HZ-NG-TK-1201 ¢ gene eae 103.200 u/s arse pure \ 1 rad ie (WO.D-1) ay VESSEL. L/S BASE MATE HP. EL 103650, Tatar era ee Ha 2) THE ORIENTATION IS BASED ON OWG) eae we et ee 9 pu, ape se ge res, sea HOLD ae eel ae eae oe SdL.£1.0.550 FOF.£L.0.240. 3 NOS. LEG SUPPORTS 02) EQULSPACED ey ToG.et.(=)0.209- 777 GRALVL.(~)0.500, r 2 £3) &) , 2 Nos, Fo of & 600,70 | 6 tHe \P/ 68088 OES! ny eoSea san: fv Past AT BOTT. a FEL 4 NOS. 0307 APART eeeseeoseoeooeee FR pe i 2 has 7 a a eV Wr 1] con PE 3 io Po 7 ~ ? [a he [so ior oo TRE —| DEE [NG 0 = 22222 * eyes] sa a va dass 1 BD a TC ig [00 rea a a LE INS. a PSV/VENT/Vac. /PG/nE/PmOcESS WATER | 1 = perf as row ower: Ea; Ee SaRREEEeee > ha 250 | esse wows 1 wore} Ae. SERVICE a | eras.JON SADOLE NOTE:— 1. ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN Mi. eoeueuneece room mo Oy ee a o's’ S666. 20608 0'sCOSCO OHSHEOOHSEHCOECESEEHEOHEHOEOEEEOCES VESSEL HP SIDE : IMPULSE TUBING. LP SIDE : THREAD /_ey Fes | By _|ay INST. a = PG NOTE : (1) FOR TAG NOS., LOCATION, & AREA DETAIL: 7 (2) FOR DIMENSIONS OF INST REFER M/s. FRIK CATALOGUES, W/E NPT(F) X 1/2" NPT(F) ISOLATION VALVE WITH DRAIN PLUG. 80 | soof RATING, PTFE GLAND PACKING, WIN Ty [42 mm 00, ONION 70 [172 NPT) X 12 mm 0.0. DOUBLE COMPRESSION CONNECTOR O12 mm OD «ToS mm Te SEAMLE 61 | Hex NIPPLE [3/4°NPTIN) x T(§)]5C 80,100 mm 38-304 ale 30 [HEX WIPPLE [172 NPTOW 00 met esa30 ZONB_SEND FLFIGE ( 7 F wih 37 WPT | ssaoe 32 | AM Cenret 3 oa 2ONB_BLIND FLA IGE (15mm THRJANS! 5OHRF WITH 172°NPT (PF) 30 | ar Cenree c fa Zi [20 NB RING GASSET (FO Sul ASA 1508 77 2 @ | Stoo & eoLTs (wi2 x Sm) Bg aT = = [ae [BASE PLATE 200.» 200 5 6 wm TF MS. vot [ANCHOR FASTENERS 1/2” BSW x 100 mm LON! Saraa_ ona é DEAN PIPE MS. Tow Moc ary. [TOTAL PER TAG | atv. SPECIFICATION Wo. | SHI HOOK-UP DRAWINGS ‘SFFee {— TYP. ARRANGEMENT FOR ALL LINE 40ne ey PIPING Invern — rvP. NB_ANSI 8155 1508 6: on Ire FoR | ' ro 0 S. TAG NOS, iZES BELOW 100NB ( HORIZONTAL PIPE MOUNTING ) ECTRICAL_CONNEC TION SIONAL TO ONTHOL OOH ANSI 816.5 15OgRF PIPE_EXPANDER To BE / PROVIDED BY PIPNG TiomInaL PIPE size BELOW_100NB (VERTICAL PIPE MOUNTING) 7AL_CONNEC TION 300 mm TOTAL oy, nore 1) OCATION, "U' mm & AREA DETALS REFER NSO-05 de 06, REV.1 «_|(@) FoR OMENSIONS OF INST_REFER. M/s. FRIN. CATALOGUE 23 [40 Ne RING GASKE (TO SUIT ASA 1508) on 1 2 10 | stu & BOTS Gn? x 60) Sn a= a 3 6 [lease Punt 200 « 200 x 6 tunstie Ms. 1 2 3 _[[ancuon Flsteners 172" @6W x 100 mm LONG Se Bee a [eta pre, 5 1250 i i PART ‘DESCRIPTION ‘MOC NO. “ [PER TAG INSTRIMENT + TENPERATON © TRANS. WITH TEMPERAT IRE ELEMENT SPECIFICATION NO. HOOK-UP DRAWINGSCoos oeeecsocs Tofu) UUUOUU u Pump Pipe Standards Selection Chart MITTS Ta of: aight pipe upstream of flonge on suction side. 700 600 500 400 300 200 + 100 Not »:This chart is based upon keeping five diameters Line Size { Nozzle size is one size less )Ceeevennveeee Dischasge Rien (REMEMBER RRERERSEEE i | I Suction giring, Sromdowds, ume Pisinsponding (evident need and at the request of ‘Amwrican Society of Mechanical Engincers, the rerican Stadnnds Associaton inated Project B3L March 1926, with ASME as sole administrative ses The briadth ofthe Red involved required that nbc ofthe Setional Commitee be daw from a0 engineering societies, industcs, government reas, institutes, and trade asians nial publication in 1935 was as the American mative Standard Code for Pressre Piping. Revisions frm 1962 though 1955 were published as American dad Cade for Pressure Piping, ASA B3L1. It was mn decided 1 publish ss separate documents the ious induct) Seotions, begining with ASA B3L8- 85. Gas Transmission and Distibation Piping Sys- The fist Petroleum Refinery Piping Code Section designated ASA B313-1959. ASA B3I3 revisions ce pubished in 1962 and 1966, Tn 1967-1969, the American Standards. Association me fist the United Stats of America Standards tut, then the American Naonal Standards fasts pe Sectional Commitee became American National andards Comittee BSL and the Code was renamed ‘American National Standard Code for Pressure ping. The neXt B313 revision was designated ANSI 313-1973. Addenda were polished through 1975. ‘ dat Coe Section for Chemical Pant Piping, pared by Séction Commitee B36, was ready for proval in 1974. twas desided, rather than have 6¥0 osely elated Code. Sections, to merge the Section ommites and develop joint Code Section, tied remical Plant and Pewoleum Refinery Piping. The jist ec ‘was published as ANSI B31.3-1976. inthis Codh, responsibly for piping design was lonceptslly intepated with that forthe “overal pro- essing faci, with saeguaring recognized. as an fiecve safety measure. Three categories of Fluid Jervice were dented, with 2 separate Chapter for gory M fluid Service. Covert for nonmealic ing wasintpduced. New concepts were beter defined jr ive Adder, the last of which added. Appendix a rape ald to election ofthe proper Fi Service, tceoy FOREWORD ‘The Standards Committee was reorg:aized in 1978 ‘as a Committee operating under ASME | cedures with ‘ANSE accreditation. It is now the ASME Code for Pressure Piping, B31 Committee. Seron committee structure remains essentially unchanged “The second edition of Chemical Pant and Petroleum Refinery Piping was compiled from the 1976 Edition and. its five Addenda, with nonmetal requirements elitorally relocated (0 a separate Chapter. Its new designation ‘was ANSVASME B31.3-1980. Section Committee B31.10 had a raft Code for CCeyoeenie Piping ready for approval in 1981. Again, it was decided to merge the two Section Committees land develop a more inclusive Code with the same tile. ‘The work of consolidation was partially completed in the ANSUASME B31.3-1984 Edition. ‘Significant changes were made in Addenda 0 the 1984 Edition: integration of cryogen c requirements was vomplsted: a ricw stand-alone Chapter on hi pressure piping was added: and coverag> of fabrication, inspection, testing, and allowable stesies was reorga nized. The new Faition was redesign ted as ASMEY ‘ANSI B31.3-1987 Editon ‘Addenda to subsequent Editions, pu lished at three- year intervals, have been primarily to keep the Code Uupto-date, New Appendices have been added, however, ‘on requirements for bellows expansion ‘oins, estimating serve life, sabmital off ‘and uminumn flanges in the 1990 and 199% Editions, all desi ated as ASME B3L3. Iva progcam to clarify the appicaticn of all Sections fof the Code for Pressuse Piping, ch ges are being. ‘made in the Introduction and Seope stat ments of B31.3. and its tide is changed to Process Pi. ing. Under dréction of ASME Codes anc Standards man- agement, metric units of measurement we being empha- sized, With certain exceptions, SI mett > units are listed first in the 1996 Edition and are d:signated as the standard, Instructions for conversion are given. where metre data are not available. U.S. cus.omary units aiso aie given, By agreement, either system may be used.e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e 2 INTRODUCTION The ASME B31 Code for Pressuce Piping consists of a number of individually published Sections, each an American National Standard, unde the direction of ASME Commitee B31, Code for Pressure Piping Rules for each Section reflect the kinds of piping installations considered during its development, as fottows B31 Power Piping: piping typically found in electric power general taons, in industrial and institutional plants, gcotheemal heating systems, and central and istrict heating and cooling systems, 31.3 Process Piping: piping typically found in petro- leu refiners, chemical, pharmaceutical, textile, pape, Semiconductor. and cryogenic plants, and related pro: cessing plants and terminals BBL Pipeline Transpodation Systems for Ligid Hydrocarbons and“ Other Liquids: piping transporting irnTats which are predominately liquid between plants and terminals and within terminals, poping, regulating, and metering stations; BBLS Refrigeration Piping: piping for refrigerants and secondary coolants; “Transporation and_Distibution Piping Piping Tansporting products which are. pre- dominatcty gas between soutces and terminals, including ‘compressor. regulating. and metering stations: gas gath: xing pipelines, B319 Building Services Piping: piping typically found in vsti institinnal rommarsil, and public buildings, and in mul-unit residences, which does not fequite the range of sizes. pressures, and temperatures covered in BSL; 31.11 Slurry Transporation Piping Systems: piping transporting aqueous sures between Fant and tem als and within terminals, pumping -and regulating stations ‘This is the B313 Process, Piping Code Section Hereafter, in this Inodvction'and in the text of this Code Section B31.3, where the word Code is used without specific identification, it means tis Section Ics the owner's esponsibility 1 select the Code Section which most nearly applies to a proposed piping installation, Factors 19 be considered. by. the owner include: imitations of the Code Section: juceditional Fequirements; and the applicability of ot er codes and standards. All applicable requirements 0 the selected Code Section shall be met. For some inst lations, more than one Code Section may apply to dift rent parts of the installation. The owner is also reiponsible for imposing requirements supplementary to those of the Code if necessary to assure safe piping for the proposed installation. Certain piping within a facility may he subject to ‘other codes and standards, including but not limited to: ANSI 2223.1 National Fuel Gas Cod:: piping for fuel gas Tom The pornt oT IVE WT connection of each fuel utilization device: NEPA Fire Protection Standard: fire p otection sys- tems using water, carbon dioxide, halon, foam, dry chemical, and wet chemicals; NEPA 99 Health Care Facilities: medic: and labora- tory ga systems; Building and plumbing codes, as aralicable, for Potable hot and cold water, and for sews and drain systems. ‘The Code sets forth engineering requiren ents deemed necessary for safe design and construction of pressure Piping. While safety is the basic consi-eration, this facts alone will nt necessarily govem the final specti- cations for any piping installation. The designer is cautioned dha the Code is not a design andbook: it does not do away with the need for the designer or for competent engineering judgment To the greatest possible extent, Code equirements for design are stated in terms of basic cesi, a principles ‘and formulas, These are supplemented, «+ necessary, with specific requirements to assure uniforr application ‘of principles and to guide selection and ayplication of Piping elements. The Code prohibits designs and prac- tices Known to be unsafe and contains warnings where at references 10 aceepiable materiel specifications ‘and component standards, including dimensional re- quirements and pressure-temperature ratins: #8) requirements for design of componc nts and as- semblies, including piping supportMAF requirements and data for evaluation and Fimita- pr of stresses, reactions, and movements associated ith pressure, temperature changes, and other forces: L447 guidance and limitations on the selection and plication of materials, components, and joining etiods: er teauirements for Jetion of piping: and 4A requirements. for examination, inspection, and ting of piping. ‘ASME Committee B31 is organized and operates der procedures of The American Society of Mechani- Engineers which have been accredited by the Ameri ‘fa National Standards situs, The Commitee i 4 tinuing one, and keeps all Code Sections current in new developments in material, consruction, and Jdusuial practice. Addenda are issued periodically w editions are published at intervals of 3 years (0 years. Code users ill note that clauses in the Code are necessarily numbered consecutively. Such discont- ities result from following a common ouline, insofar practical, for all Code Sections. In this way, comes- ding material is correspondingly numbered in most Sections, thus facilitating reference by those who ve occasion to use more than one Section Ics intended that this Edition of Code Section B33 ‘any subsequent Addenda not be rettoactve. Unlest cment is specifically made between contracting Wes to use another issue, of the regulatory body ving jurisdiction imposes the use of another issue, latest Editign and Addenda issbed at least 6 months ior to the original contract date for the fist phase activity covering. @ piping installation shall be the jvering document for all design, materials, fabrica- 3, erection, examination, and testing forthe piping til the completion of the work and intial operation Users of this Code are cautioned against mal ng use Code revisions without assurance” that ley are ceptable to the proper authorities in the jurdiction Frere the pipibg is to be installed. 1 fabrication, assembly, and ‘The B31 Committee has established an orderly proce- dure to consider requests for interpretation and revision ‘of Code requirements. To receive consideration, such request must be in writing and must give full particulars in accordance with Appendix. Z. The approved reply to an inquiry will besent directly to the inquirer. In addition, the question aad reply will be published as part of an Interpretation supplement issued to the applicable Code Section. ‘A Case is the prescribed form of reply when study indicates that the Code wording needs clarification, of when the reply. modifies existing requirements of the Code or grants permission to use new materials or altemative constructions. Proposed Cases are published in Mechanical Engineering foc public review. In adsi- tion, the Case will be published as par of a Case supplement issued to the applicable Code Section. ‘A Case is normally issued for a limited period. If at the end of that period it has been incorporated in the Code, or if no further use of its provisions is anticipated, it will be allowed to expite. Otherwise, it will be renewed for a limited. period, ‘A request for revision of the Code will be placed fon the Committee's agenda. Further information or active participation on the part of the proponent may be requested during consideration of a propcsed revision ‘Approved revisions are published in Adsends to the Code. Materials ordinarily are listed in the Stress Tables only when sufficient usage in piping within the scope of the Code has been shown. Requests for listing shall include evidence of satisfactory usage and specific data to permit establishment of allowable streses. maximum and minimum temperature limits, and other restrictions ‘Additional criteria can be found in the guidelines for addition of new materials in the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section I and Section VIII, Division 1, Appendix B. (To develop usage and gain experience, unlisted materials may be used in accordance with para. 323.1.2.) e ée e e e e e e ° e e e o e ° e e ° e e e ee e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e CHAPTER I SCPE AND DEFINITIONS 300 GENERAL STATEMENTS (a) Identifcation. ‘This Process Pipi y Code is a Section of the American Society of Me: hanical Engi neers Code for Pressure Piping, ASME 134, an Ameri- can National Standard, It is published as’ separate document for convenience of Code users (6) Responsbiiies (1) Onner. The owner of a pipirg installation shal have overall responsibilty for compliance with this Code, and for establishing the recuirements for design, construction, examination, inspection, and test ing which will gover the entire Auic handling. or process installation of which the piping is @ par. The ‘owner is also sesponsible for designat ng. piping. in certain fluid services and for determinin: if a specific Quality System is to be employed. [See paces. 300(€N4), (XS), ), 854 Appendix Q] (2) Designer. The designer is resp nsible to the owner for assurance that the engineer ng design of Piping complies with the requirements of this Code and with any additional requirements «stablished by the owner (3) Manufacturer, Fabricator. and Erector, The manufacturer, fabricator, and erector of siping are re- sponsible for providing materials, cor ponents, and orkanansiip in compliance with the « juirements of this Code and of the engineering desig: (4) Owner's Inspector. The owner's laspector (see para. 340) is responsible tothe owner fo: ensuring that the requirements of this Code for inspec ‘on, examina tion, and testing are met. Ifa Quality Syst mis specified by the owner to be employed, the owt 2's inspector is tesponsible for verifying that it isin plemented (6) Intent of the Code (1) Wis the intent of thik Code t0 set forth cngineering requirements deemed necessary for safe design and construction of pip instal ations. (2) This Code is not intended to applyto the operation, examination, inspection, testing, maintenance, ‘oF repair of piping that has been placed in service ‘The provisions of this Code ay aptionally be applied for those purposes, although ater eons erations may also be necessary. . (2) Engineering requirements of this Code, while a0 considered necessary and adequate for safe design, generally employ a simplified approach 10 the subject. ‘A designer capable of applying a more rizious analysis shall have the [atitude to do so; however, the approach must be documented in the engineering design and its validity accepted by the owner. The approach used shall provide details of design, construction, examination, inspection, and testing for the design conditions of para. 301, with calculations consistent with the design criteria of this Code, (4) Piping elements should, insofar as peaticable, conform t0 the specifications and standaeds listed in this Code. Piping elements neither specially approved for specifically prohibited by this Code may be used provided they are qualified for use as set forth in applicable Chapters of this Code (5) The engineering design shall specify any un- Usual requirements for a particular service. Where ser vice requirements necessitate messures beyond those. required by this Code, such measures shall be specified by the engineering design, Where so specified, the Code requites that they be accomplishes. (6) Compatibility of materials with the service and hhazards from instability of contained fuids are not within the scope of this Code. See para. F323, (d) Determining Code Requirements (1) Code requirements for design and construction include fluid service requicements, which alfect selection and application of materials, components, and joints Fluid service requirements include prohititions, limita: ions, and conditions, such as temperature limits or 2 requitement for safeguarding (see pam. 300.2 and ‘Appendix G). Code requirements for a piping system ‘ae the most restrictive of those which apply to any of its elements (2) For metallic piping not in Categery M or high Presoute Tat sctthe, Cia augusta ate Seuin i Chapters I through VI (the base Code), and fluid service requirements are found in (a) Chapter I for materials (6) Chapter Il, Part 3, for components; (@) Chapter Il, Part 4, for joinseeeaeeeaeooeaooeo eo ee @ 6 A oO Sib-si2 (5) For piping in @ fluid service designated by the owner as Category D (see para. 300.2 and Appendix. M), piping elements cestricted 10 Category D Fluid Service in Chapters I through VII, as well as elements suitable for other fuid services, may be used, (6) Metallic piping elements suitable for Normal Fluid Service in Chapters I through VI may also be used under severe cyclic conditions unless a specific requiterent for severe cyclic conditions is stated. (e) High Pressure Piping. Chapter 1X provides alter- native rules for design and construction of piping, designated by the owner as being in High Pressure Fluid Service (1) These rules apply only when specified by the ‘owner, and only as a whole, not in part. (2) Chapter IX rules do not provide for Category M Fluid Service. See para. K300.1.4, (3) Paragraph designations begin with “K." (Appendices. Appendices of this Code contain Code tequicements, supplementary guidance, or other information. See para. 3004 for a description of the status of each Appendix. 300.1 Scope Rules for the Process. Piping. Code Section B31.3* hhave been developed considering piping typically found n petroleum refineries; chemical, pharmaceutical, tex- tile, puper, semiconductor, and cryogenic plants; and related processing plants and terminals, 300.1.1 Content and Coverage (a) This Code prescribes requirements for materials and components, design, fabrication, aszembly, erection, ‘exumination, inspection, and testing of piping. (H) This Code applies to piping for all Auids, in- cluding (1) raw, intermediate, and finished chemicals; (2) petroleum products G) es, seam, air, and water; (4) fuidized solids (5) refrigerans; and (6) exyozenic Ads . (©) See Fig. 300.11 for 2 diagram illustrating the application of B31.3 piping at equipment. The joint connecting piping to equinment is within the scope of 8313, hore and leh is Cada othe ASME, BB Cou fr Poste Pag adhe vaio Secon which ae ASME B3141999 Eton 30.1.2 Packaged Equipment Piping. Also included ‘within the scope ofthis Code is piping which intercon ects pieces or stages within a packaged equipment assembly. 300.13 Exclusions. This Code excludes the fol- owing (a) piping systems designed for internal gage pres- sures at or above zéro but less than 1D5 kPa (15 psi), provided the fluid handled is nonftammable, nontox and not damaging to human tissue as defined in 300.2, and its design temperature is from ~29°C (-20°F) ough 186°C (366"F); (b) power boilers in accordance with BPV Code? Section I and boiler external piping which is required to conform t0 B31.1; () tubes, tube headers, crossovers, and manifolds of fired heaters, which are intemal tothe heater enclo- sure; and (a) pressure vessels, heat exchangers, pumps, com pressors, and other fuid handling oF processing eq ‘ment, including internal piping and connections for sal piping. 3002 Definitions ‘Some of the terms relating to piping are defined below. For welding terms ot shown here, definitions in accordance with ANSUAWS Standard A3.0 apply. a steel that hardens during cooling in air from a temperature above its transformation range air-hardened stel: anneal heat treatment: see heat treatment are cutting: a group of cuting processes wherein the severing or removing of metals is effected by melting ie na of ain aie between an electrode and the base metal. (Includes earbon-are eating, metalare cutting, gas metal-are cutting, gas tungsten-are cuting, plasma-are cutting, and air carbon-arc cuting.) See also oxygen-are culting, are welding (AW): group of welding processes which produces coalescence of metals by beating them fan are or ares, with or without the application of Pressure and with’ or without the use of filler metal Fwy Code recrences ere and cuewhee ia it Cade ar ihe [ASME oier and Pemre Vente! Code and te vais Seton Stcton |, Power Boies Seton fi, Macias Pat D Seaton V, Nondeatve Examination ‘Section Vi reste Vel, Divi and 2 ‘Sesion 1X, Welig and Dring Quins199 Eon Tubes, tube headers, crossovers and manifolds fired heaters, iternal {othe heater enclosure Ly Powe bales in accordance ih ePV Code Secon 1S Baier exert piping wich ‘regis contort BONA 1S Packaged equipment piping — Pressure vessels, est ‘exchangers, pumps, com-| fressors and other uid Ranaing or processing sauipment fncuding i ‘eal piping and con- fectons for external ing Legend Piping outside he scope FIG. 30.1.1 fembly: the pining together of two or more piping ‘eofnponents by bolting, welding, bonding, screwing zing, soldering, cementing, or use of packing devices asl specified by the engineering design dthontic welding wing wih eqipmen, which tims wing operant San of Of Sonate ty an epson, The equipment may ot ope etre ning dng eek ching filer mial: see consumable-insert * bdpking ring: material in the form of a ring wed to subport molten weld metal hndlanced piping system: see para. °49.2.20) bbdse material: |the material wo be, brazed, soldered, ded, oF otherwise fused bic allowable stress: see stress terms frequently used. be design strefs: soe stress teri frequently used Piping within the cope of 821.9 ‘GENERAL NOTE: The means by which piping ie tached to equipments within the scope ofthe applicable piping code DIAGRAM ILLUSTRATING APPLICATION OF 631.3 PIPING AT EQUIPMENT bonded join a permanent joint in nonmetali: piping rade by one of the following methods (a) adhesive joint: a joint made by applying an adhesive to the Surfaces to be joined and pressing them (ogether (b) butt-and-wrapped joint: a joint made by butting together the joining surfaces and wrapping the joint with jlies of reinforcing fabric saturated with resin (c) heat fusion joint: a joint made by hesting the surfaces to” be joined and pressing them together to achieve fusion (d) hot gas welded joint: a joint made by simultane- ‘ously heating the su‘faces (0 be joined and a Giller material with a stream of hot air ot hot inert gas, then pressing the surfaces together and applying the filler material to achieve fusion (2) solvent cemented joint: a joint made by using a solvent cement to soften the surfaces to be joined and pressing them together 7 | \ee m2 () electrofusion joint: a joint made by heating, the surfaces to be joined using an electrical resistance wire coil, which remains embedded in the joint onder: one who performs a manual oF semiautomatic bonding operation bonding operator: one who operates machine or auto- matic bonding equipment ‘bonding procedure: the detailed methods and practices involved in the production of a bonded joint bonding procedure specification (BPS): the document Which lists the parameters to be used in the construction ‘of bonded joints in accordance with the requirements of this Code branch connection fitting: an integrally reinforced fit- ting welded to a run pipe and connected to a branch pipe by a buuwelding, socket welding, threaded, or ‘langed joint; includes a branch outlet fiting conforming to MSS SP.97 braze welding: a welding process using a nonferrous filer metal having a mlting point below that of base metals, but above 427°C (800°F). The filler metal is not distributed in the joint by capillary attraction. (Bronze welding, formerly used, is a misnomer for this term.) brazing: a metal joining process wherein coalescence is produced by use of a nonferrous filler metal having 2 melting point above 427°C (800°F), but lower than that of the base metals being joined. The filler metal is distributed between 2: & joint by capillary attraction, ‘butt joint: a joint between two members aligned ap- proximately in the same plane Category D: see fluid service Category M: see fluid service Ej tabulated in Tab A-1B are basic factors ASME 2313.19 Edition TABLE 3023.30" ACCEPTANCE LEVELS FOR CASTINGS Material ‘ecentance —Aecepiable Examined Level —Diconin Appticaie Thiekness, ‘Standard (or Cass) Staard Cor Clas) ities ASTM E46 1 Typmaoe sue T>25 mm, @ind ASTM E446 2 Ties 4 8,6 Stee T>51 me, Sis 0m (aig ina ASTM E 108 Categories A,B, ste P> 114 mm, 15305 men ASTM E 200 Categores A, 8, Alunioum ane ASTM E 155 ‘Shown i reference ‘adiogaohs Copper, Mic ASTME 272 2 Codes 8,8, 8b Bronte ASTM E30 2 Codes Aand'8 AINE ne 2 codes and note: Tits Asti E155. Reference Resasraphs for Magnesium Casings Reference Redosraths for Hea-Walle (2 t 4 (51 to 114m) steel Castings Reference Radiographs for High-Sresth Copper ase 20d Wickel Copper Castings Reference Rasiogaas for Heavy Walled [4% to 12, (G14 10 30st Sec! Castoge Reterence Radiographs fr Tin Bone Castings Reference Rosiographs fr steel Casings pte 2 in (51 ‘nmin Thickness standards referenced in his Table area oon: Insgection of Aluminum an 1m Yet em E260 x0 cae for straight or spiral longitudinal welded joints for Pressure-containing components as shown in Table 302.344 (6) Increased Quality Factors. Table 302.34 also indicates higher joint quality factors. which may be Substituted for those in Table A-IB for certain kinds of welds if addtional examination is performed beyond that required by the product specification 302.3.5 Limits of Calculated Stresses Due to Sustained Loads and Displacement Strains (a) Imernal Pressure Stresses, Stresses dve to inter: nal pressure shall be considered safe when the wall Fe eeceesccccees oO eee 0 00 0-e-0 00-0. 0002802800[ASME H3L3-1999 ion 2 7 ( TABLE 302.3.4 en LONGITUDINAL WELD JOINT QUALITY FACTOR, 6 T Type of Facer, wo. | Type of Joint Seam Examination & 1 | Formace bat Seah 7s required by 80 onions std oo Ties specteaton | twat 1) 2 | elect ves scr weld Steigt or 7s eure by 085 aor ‘oral tes spcteaton | cnote 2 e e e e e e e e e- Shae bs weld e o e e e e e Seah or 7s eased by 080 ‘eal Tine spscfeation par, 364 5.1 and (©) double i weld Steaittorspiat | As reais by 08s Ceceot 38 "iste Speciation feovied in Aa orth Cose ar arist ‘Submerged arc weld Straight with one or | AS required by 095 vrsaw . I (0) 1s net geri increase he oit quality factor py a8dtiona examination fr pint Xo 2 eeeeveeeeeeeeeej235.00236 spickness of te piping component, including any rein- Fcement, meets the requirements of para, 304, (b) External Pressure Stresses, Stresses due to exter: pressure shall be considered safe when the wall {fickness of the piping component, and its means of {filfening, meet the requirements of para. 304, (6) Longitudinal Stresses S,. The sum of longitudinal sfesses in any! component in a piping system, due to Ssure, weight, and other-sustained loadings 5), shell f exceed 5 in (A) below. The thickness of pipe used calculating {5 shall be the nominal thickness 7 nus mechanigal, corrosion, and erosion allowance ¢, {GF the location] under consideration. The loads due to Fight should be based on the nominal thickness of all system components unless otherwise justified in a pre rigorous analysis. "Po ttt tcone Sree Rage Se te cofnputed displacement stress range Se in a piping fem (see para, 319.44) shall not exceed the allowable Giplacement stess range Sq (soe paras. 319.2.3 and 31P3.4) caleulated by Eq. (1a) $a = (1255, +0258) ay Wren 5 is grearer than S,, the difference between thelm may be added to the term 0.255, in Eq, (1a). In thal case, the allowable stress range is calculated by, Eq] (iby $a) = A{L2SS, + 59) - 5.) Fes Co anda basic allowable stress? at minimum metal tem- Perature expected during the displacement cy- cle under analysis basic allowable stress? at maximum metal temperature expected during the displacement eycle under analysis, stress railge reduction factot.* froni Table 302355 or calculated by Eq, (1c)? ayy relbe. ponlsble casing lly actor E For lngiatial Sey fe bd allowable nt need ote mpd by the weld ea a a * anaes to excnialy ntconoded piping, Coreion can etfs exec tie: therfore, comoron stant mneets eet Se hired where lage nomber major sa jee svat * Eaution (1) dows nol apply beyond approxima 2 10 ce, Salellion wf ftetoy Reyond 2% 10 eye he doses ico tings the base allowable sess shall mlilied by te ASME B5.1999 Edition TABLE 302.3.5 STRESS-RANGE REDUCTION FACTORS, ¢ ees Factor, 7 — Facto 17,000 ana tee 10 Over 7,000 t6 14,000 os Over 16,000 10 22,000 oe ‘ver 2,000 t9 45,000, 07 (Over 45,000 t9 100,000, 08 ‘ver 200,000 to 200,000, os. ver 200,000 t9 700,000, os Over 700,000 wo 2,009,000 a3 P= 600) S10 ae) where 'N = equivalent number of full displacement cycles during the expected service life of the piping system® When the computed stress range varies, whether from thermal expansion or other conditions, Sp is defined 4s the greatest computed displacement siress range The value of W in such cases can be calculated by Eq, (Id): Me Sri) for i «ag where Ne = number of cycles of maximum computed displacement stress range, Se n= Se $i; = any computed displacement stess range smaller than S_ ‘number of eyeles associated with displacement stress range S, 302.3.6 Limits of Calculated Stresses due to Occasional Loads (@) Operation. The sum of the longitudinal stresses due to pressure, weight, and other sustained loadings Si and of the stresses produced by occasional loads, such as wind or earthquake, may be as much a 133 times the basic allowable stress given in Appendix A. For castings. the basic allowable stress shall be ‘multiplied by the casting quality factor E.. Where the allowable stress value exceeds two-thirds of yield strength at temperature, the allowable stress value must be reduced as specified in para. 302.3.2(¢). Wind and earthquake forces need not be considered 3s acting ‘concurrently. * The designer atone that he Fig ie of materi operated elevated temperature ay be ede ia) ee POCO OOOO eEOO OOOO EOL OC HEEL ELEOEE r, 4rAy ASME H31.11999 Eton (b) Test, Stoesses due to test conditions are not subject to the Himitations in para. 3023. i is not necessary 10 consider other occasional loads, such as ‘wind and earthquake, as occurring concurrently with test foads. 302.4 Allowances In determining the minimum required thickness of « piping component, allowances shall be included for ‘corrosion, erosion, and thread depth or groove depth, See definition for ¢ in para. 304.1.1(b). 3024.1 Mechanical Strength. When necessary, the wall thickness shall be increased to prevent overstess, ‘damage, collapse, or buckling due to superimposed loads from supports, tee formation, backfill, tensporation, handling, oF other causes. Where increasing the thick: ress would excessively increase local stresses or the risk of brite fracture, oF is otherwise impracticable, the requied strength may be obtained through additional supports, braces, or other means without an increased wall thickness. Particular consideration should be given to the mechanical strength of small pipe connections to piping or equipment. PART 2 ESSURE DESIGN OF PIPING COMPONENTS 303 GENERAL, Components manufactured in accordance with stan ‘dards listed in Table 326.1 shall be considered suitoh!~ for use at pressore-temperature ratings in accordance with para. 302.21. The rules in para, 304 are intended for pressure design of components not covered in Table 326.1, but may be used for a special or more rigorous ‘sign of such components. Designs shall be checked oF adequacy of mechanical strength under applicable vadings enumerated in para. 301 304 PRESSURE DESIGN OF COMPONENTS. 304.1 Straight Pipe 304.1.1 General li (a) The requived thickness. of straight seétions of pipe shall be determined in accordance with Eq, (2) sme tenite ® ‘The minimum thickness T for the pipe selected, ‘considering manufacturer's minus tolerance, shall be ot less tha ty (b) The following nomenclature is used in the equa- tions for pressure design of straight pige. a int required thickness, including me- ‘chanical, corosion, and erosioe allowances pressure’ design thickness, as calculated in sccordance with para. 304.12 for internal pres- sure or as determined in accordsnee with para 304.1.3 for external pressure the sum of the mechanical allowances (thread (or groove depth) plus corrosien and erosion allowances. For threaded components, the nominal thread depth (dimension h of ASME 1.20.1, or equivalent) shall apply. For ma- chined surfaces or grooves where the tolerance is not specified, the tolerance shall be assumed to be 0.5 mm (0.02 in) in addition to the specified depth of the cut T = pipe wall thickness (measured or minimum per purchase specification) inside diameter of pipe. For pressure design calculation, the inside diameter of the pipe is the maximum value allowable under the purchase specification intemal design gage pressure ‘outside diameter of pipe as listed in tables of standards or specifications or as measured quality factor from Table A-IA 07 A-IB. sitess value for material from Table A-I = coeficient from Table 304.1.1, valid for ¢ < DIG and for materials shown, The value of 1 may be interpoiated for intermediate temper: For 1 2 DI6, r by T= 10. ‘Ay = bend radius of welding elbow or pipe bend Ot duce : ‘Thickness variations from the intrados to the extrados J and along the length of the bend shall be gradual, The ae 7 thickness requirements apply at the mid-span of the IP) For t 2 16 oF for PISE > 0.385, calculation of pressure design thickness for straight pipe requires crak oF teen of fcr such as theory oF Flue, 394.27 Bows, Manufactured elbows notin accont- effets of fatigue, and thermal sts. ance with para. 303 shall be qualified as equiret by ara. 304.72 or designed in accordance with pare 308.21 g (1.3 Straight Pipe Under External Pressure. To fetermine wall thickness and stiffening requirements for Heaight pipe under extemal pressure, the procedure cutllped in the BPV Code,’Section VII, Division I, UGPE through UG-30 shall be followed, using ae the @6¢oeene8 304.23 Miter Bends. An angular offset of 3. deg desifn length the running center tne length bewreeg any fwo sections piffened in accordance with UG.29 ‘As 4n exception, for pipe with D,/1'< 10, the value Of Sto be used in determining Pz shall be the lesser OF the following. values for pipe material at design cemrature: {af 1.5 times the stress value from Table A:1 of this Pade: or (2 09 times the yield suength tabulated in Section 4, Prt D, Table ¥-1 for materials listed: therein (he symbol D, inj Section Vill is equivalent to D in this trode) 304.2] Curved and Mitered Segments of Pipe 2.1 Pipe Bend. ‘The minimum roid ik wes fot a ba ete el ik Pe determined in accordance with Eq. (2) and’; ea cb shall ro. oF less (angle ain Fig. 304.23) does not require design consideration as a miter bend. Acceptable methods for Dressure design of multiple and single miter bends are given in (a) and (b) beiow. (0) Multiple Miter Bends. The maximum allowable intemal pressure shall be the lesser value calculated from Eqs. (4a) and (40). These equations are not ‘applicable when @ exceeds 225 deg, = SE(T= 0) Tee = SEl=o) p. (2) Single Miter Bends The ‘aximum allowable internal pressure for 4 single miter bend with angle 8 not greater than 22°5 ‘deg shall be calculated by Eq. (da). (2) The maximum allowable intemal pressure for TENA a Jt the intradas (inside bend radius) a eeeetococsecceese:ASME B3LS.19 Editon a single miter bend with angle @ greater than 22.5 deg all be calevlated by Eq. (4e): Tae ayameoprca) (c) The miler pipe wall thickness T used in Eqs. Ha), (40), and (4c) shall extend a distance not less han Mf from (he inside cxoich of the end miter welds inere M the Ukrger of 2.5(ra7)% or tan @ (Ry ~ 72) The length of|taper at the end of the miter pipe may he included i the distance Mt. (a) The following nomenclature is used in Eqs. (42), [4b), and (4c) for the pressure design of miter bends: ¢ = same as defined in para. 3041.1 E = same as defined in para. 304.1.1 Pa, = maximum allowable intemal pressure for mi- ter bends mean radius of pipe using aominal wall T effective radius of miter bend, defined as the shorfest distance from the pipe center line the jntersection of the planes of adjacent joims = same a8 defined in para. 3041.1 T = miter pipe wall thickness (measured or mini- ‘unk per purchase specification) 8 = angle of miter cut angle of change in direction at miter joint = 26 For complidnce with this Code, the value of R shal not less than that given by Eq. (5): £08 art [here A as the following empirical values: (1) for St metic units: ie a sb 3 Herder wo ied 22 bir c)a]+30 2) for U.S. customary units: Lt om A {itaehom 505 to og circ) 0.60, K = 1.00 2) For 0.60 D,/D, > 0.15, K = 0.6 + 4(Dy/ Dy. (3) Fer Dy/Dy $ 0.15. K = 0.70. \8t |J, sch exes) is mcormcded ht the design be Latctaie spe tar cmsiruon be goer feo es ct sei so con count ei shal e prove ins mal ths tm ge it soda Henley sr memo oe ae oes pa 3198 “ist fon gut, o clang ae iso wo ten fem rc eo ted Seutbuing oe emtonsmeat wes dtomind Ease Se 30830. Hower nr 1 yf ne er resuestengig «Banc Person i es of ranowsnea ave in pare Foose Sassen quid sours ype 3d (ofa batch comecions wich dt mes the rns par 108310), mel ote Sepce ecfneatafocsmet oar eats ‘hn be conte 20436 teach Conectons Unde Extra ees sce sur eign fora bach comesion ss Scape may be dene in nce iat 0 wg te ence ep ron sl pn 3089) fso4.4 Closures 3044.1 General a) Closures not in accordance with pare. 303. or [s04.4.1(h) shall be qualified as required by para. 3067.2. (h) For materials and design conditions covered Incr, closufes may be designed in accordance with the rules in the BPV Code, Section VIM, Division 1, Jealoulated fam Eq. (13) uate. 3) ainfoum reed tices ic Chal coven, and ros allowance tte Jolin ins Cal he rafal resto fon. shown ine ttre the i ad w eon sal Es same as defined in pars. 304.1.1 ° Pd Salm ee pes 5-4 Sane cts a pt. 3081 2 smoratowancs deen p34. 3044.2 Openings in Closures: {a) The rules in paras. 3044.2()) through (¢) apply TABLE 3044.1 BPV CODE REFERENCES! FOR CLOSURES Coneave Presture “Comex Tre of Close Presse ues2) ue-2e) ue-s2e uc-321@) ussx uG-3300) sax 6330 tipo Tersoheriat enighrea) ome tna tranion ve inked Flat reset on iter) uos209 uss ues wore: (0) Paragraoh aumbers ae (om the BPY Code, Section VIL ion to openings not larger than one-half the insice diameter fof the closure as defined in Section VIII, Division 1, UG-36. A closure with a larger opening should be designed as a reducer in accordance with para. 304.6 (of if the closure is flat, as a flange in accordance with para. 3085, (8) A closure is weakened by an opening and, unless the thickness of the closure is sufficiently in excess of that required to sustain pressure, it is necessary to provide added reinforcement. The need for and amount fof reinforcement requted shall be determined in accord ‘ance with the subparagraphs below except that it shall be considered that the opening has adequate reinforce- ment if the outlet connection meets the requirements in para. 308.3.2(6) or (. (c) Reinforcement for a0 opening in a closure shall be 50 distributed that reinforcement area on each side ‘of an opening (considering any plane through the center fof the opening normal t0 the surface of the closure) ‘will equal at Teast one-half the required area in that plane (d) The total cross-sectional area required for rein- forcement in any given plane passing through the center fof the opening shall not be less than thar defined in UG-37(6), UG-38, and UG-39. (e) The reinforcement area and reinforcement zone shall be caleulated in accordance with para, 304,3.3 of 304.34, considering the subscript hand other references, to the run of header pipe as applying to the closwe. Where the closure is cuived, the Louncaries reinforcement zone shall follow the contour of the closure, and dimensions of the reinforcement zone shall bbe measured parallel to and perpendicular tothe closure surface (0 IF two o€ more openings are to be loceted in a eee oo eecece eee ee Ceeeeseoee3044230872, ‘closure, the rules in paras, 3043.3 and 308.3.4 for the reinforcement of multiple openings apply. {(g) The additional design considerations for branch ‘connections discussed in para. 304.3.5 apply equally to openings in closures, 304.5 Pressure Design of Flanges and Blanks 304.5.1 Flanges — General (a) Flanges not in accordance with para, 303 or 304.5.1(b) or (¢) shall be qualified as required by para. 308.7.2, (b) A ange may be designed in accordance with the BPV Code, Section VIII, Division 1, Appendix 2, using the allowable stresses and temperature limits of the B31L3 Code. Nomenclature shall be as defined in Appendix 2, except as follows: P = design gage pressure S, = bolt design stress at atmospheric temperature ‘Sj = bolt design stress at design temperature Sj = product SE (of the stress value S and the Appropriate quality factor E from Table A: TA oF A-1B) for flange or pipe material. See para, 302.3.2¢). (c) The rules in (by above are not applicable to a flanged joint having a gasket which extends outside the bolts (usually to the outside diameter of the flange) For flanges which make solid contact outside the bolts, Section VIII, Division 1, Appendix Y should be used. (a) See Section VIM, Division 1, Appendix $, for considerations applicable to bolted joint assembly. 3045.2 Blind Flanges (a) Blind flanges not in accordance with para, 303 ‘or 304.5.2(b) shall be qualified as required by para, 3047.2. (B) A blind flange may be designed in accordanve with Eq, (14). The minimum thickness, considering te ‘manufacturer's minus lolerance, shall be not les than ay To calculate 1, the rules of Sectién VIII, Division 1, UG-34 may be used with the following changes in nomenclature: 1 pressure design thickness,” as calculated’ for the given styles of blind Mange, using. the appropriate equations for bolted flat cover tes in UG-34 of allowances defined in para. 304.1.1 internal or external design gage pressure product SE (of the stress value S$ and the appropriate quality factor E from Table A IA or A-IB) for flange materi. See para. 302.3.2(e), 304.53 Blanks. The minimum required thickness of 4 permanent blank (representative configurations shown in Fig. 304.5.3) shall be calculated in accardance with Bq, (15), ay, inside diameter of gasket for rsised or fat face flanges, or the gasket pitch diameter for ting joint and fully retained gaskoted flanges same as defined in para. 304.1.1 design gage pressure same a5 defined in para. 304.1.1 sum of allowances defined in para, 304.1.1 304.6 Reducers 304.6.1 Concentric Reducers (a) Concentsic reducers not in accordance with para, 303 or 304.6.1(0) shall be qualified as required by para. 3047.2. (b) Concentric reducers made in a conical or reversed ccurve section, or a combination of such sections, may bbe designed in accordance with the rules for conical and toriconical closures stated in para. 3044.1 304.6.2 Eccentric Reducers. Eccentric 2-4 in accordance with para. 303 shall be qualified as requited by para. 304,7.2. 304.7 Pressure Design of Other Components 3047.1 Listed Components. Other pressure con- twining components manufactured in accordance with standards in Table 326.1 may be utilized in accordance with para, 303. 304.7.2 Unlisted Components and Elements, Pres- sure design of unlisted components and ther piping elements, to which the rules elsewhere ir para, 304 do not apply. shall be based on calculations consistent with the design criteria ofthis Code. These calculations shall be substantiated by one or more of the means stated in paras. 304,7.2(a), (b), (€), and (A), considering applicable dynamic, thermal, and cyclic effeets in paras. 301.4 through 301.10, as well as thermal shock. Caleula- tions and documentation showing compliance with og[ASME BS.3.199 Editon ‘Teh 261 TABLE 326:1 (CONT'D) | COMPONENT STANDARDS? Standard Specification ote (2) yeas and Orth Comecions. vn wuss sP-as clas 150LW Cerosion Resistant Flanges and Cat Flanged Fitings. =. : Mss 5P.51 High Pressure Chemica! Instr Flange and Threaded Sts for Use wih ers Castes” Mss sP-65 Cast ron Gate Vals, Flanged and Threaded Es. wuss $P-70 Gray tran Swing ck Vales, Flanged and Threaded Enis : : ss 5P-71 Sell Valves wre} FLinged or Ateling Ende fr General Serve ass sP-72 Soecfiation for H gh Test Wrought Butweding Fins oe wuss $P-75 Socket Weld es er Ise ss sP-79 Grane Gate, Cabs, nse and hack Vales wuss sP.00 Staines Stel, Br les, Flanges, Knife Gate Valves ss sP-at Cis 3000 Stel Ps Unione, Socke-Welding and Tvesdee Mss 59-83 cast ron Globe as Ale Vals, Flanged and Threaded Ents Mss 59.85, Ciapeage Type Va ve. ss 59-88 Sage (3 Nips 2 Gall Plat 2 $P.98 Iecearali Reinfarce Fore Bratch Outil Fines — Socket Welgiog, Thetis Buttwelng Ens MSS SP-97 insiument Vals = Cole Appiestions MSS SP-105 Bete Ena Sect \ldng Fitings,Staiiss Steel and Coper Wick ee (29 Mss sP-119 Retrigerton Tbe | itogs — Genera Seciteatons, ee SAE J513 arate Tue ft 9, : Sne JSI4 Hyarauie Farge 1 be, Pp, and owe Coonetion, FourGat Sait Fanged Types. : +506 1518 Metaie Pipe and Toes (Note (6D. [ese ard Sears Wrought Stel Pipe : ASME 855.0" stiles Sts Mie ASME 83619 Faget Dutt rn Pie with Dacian a Graytvan Tveaded Flanges AWWA CHS viens Osan of Det Iran Pie saWwa 6150 Ductie-iron Dis, crn Cac for Wate and Stes Cis *aWWA C15) ste! Water Pipe 6 ces (250 mm) ant Larger : WA C200 isceianeous Junie rch Serb Theads (UN and UNR Thread Ferm) ‘ASME 81.2, Pie Threats, Geral Popo ch 2 sxsMe 8202 lorseat Pie Thkae: neh : ASME 6120.3 owe courting Stew Threads Cinch) « : : “ASME 81207 ete Gaskets for Pipe Flanges— Ring Jit Spiral Wound and Jackets “ASME 816.20 onmetaie Fiat Gases for Pe Flares. ee ASME e1621 letting Ea : ‘i ASME 81625 serface Texture (Sieface Rouphess, Waves, and Lay) : *ASME B46. eect for Thr:aing,Gaging and Thread ingen of Cain, Tobie, nd Line Pipe Threads 2°15, lester Gasket Jin for Ouete-ronPreseve Pe an Filings : sawwwa enn Pine Hangers an 8: wors ~ Materials, Design, nt Manufactre MSS 5P-58 ratine Joins for v ought and Cast Copper Aioy Soler Joint Fitings = MSS SP-73, standard for Fir Hse Gonetions NEPA969 ‘oles this Table fellwon net pope 7 90 (99) SCOSCHSSOSESSHSHSHSHSSHHSHOESHEOHSHSHETOHTEHEOHHHOCDfe na1.a10y taon 324 DIMENSIO® S AND RATINGS OF COMPONE? TS 26.1.1 Listed ‘Piping Components. Dimensional staparés! for piping, components are listed in Table Sap. Dimensional requirements contained in specifica. ties sted in Appendix A shall also be considered repurements of is Code be Dimensions! Requirements 126.1.2 Unlisted Piping Components. Dimensions piping coniporents not listed in Table 326.1 or ‘Appendix A. stall conform to those of compareble Tifed components insofar as practicable. In any case, dlifvensions shall be such as to provide strengil and kformance equivalent to standard components except ff provided in peras. 303 ‘and 304. /326.1.3 Threats. The dimensions of piping connes- tipn threads not otherwise covered by a governing ‘fmponent stand: «dor specification shall conform to “fe wow practic > slew 2 specie efiton of each standard vcaghoa the ae tot Listen, te approved eso referees, Song with the my and adres of onsring organizations, a roa in Ameen CHAPTER IV STANDARDS FOR PIPING COMPONENTS the requirements of applicable standards listed in Table 326.1 oF Appendix A. 326.2 Ratings of Components 326.2.1 Listed Components. The pressure-sempera- ture ratings of components listed in Table 326.1 are accepted for pressure design in accordance with para. 303, 326.22 Unlisted Components. The pressuretemper- ‘ature ratings of unlisted piging components stall con- form to the applicable provisions of para. 34 326.3 Reference Documents ‘The documents listed in Table 326.1 contin refer- ences to codes, standards, and specifications not listed in Table 326.1. Such unlisted codes, standards, and specifications shall be used only in the context of the listed documents in. which they appear. "The design, materials, fabrication, assembly, examina- tion, inspection, and testing requirements of this Code fre not applicable to components manufactured in ac- cordance with the documents listed in Table 326.1, tunless specifically stated in this Code, or the listed documentTable 3261 ASMED31.3.1999 Eaton TABLE 326.1 COMPONENT STANDARDS Standard or Specification en ration (Mo (203 Boking SSauare an Hex Bolte and Serews ne Sere, lclsing Hex Cap Sere and Lag Screws Savere and Her Hus Unc Seis) : Metalic Figs, Vales, and Flanges Cast Ion Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fitiogs Maleble Ion Threaded Fittings Gray leon Threaded Figs Pie Flanges ane Flanged Fittings FctoyMade Wrought tee! Butveling Figs Face te Face and End-To-End Dimensions of Valet Forged Fitngs, Socket Welding ad Threaded. Ferrous Pipe Plugs, Bushings, nd Lockrus With Pipe Threads Cast Bronge Threaded Fittings, Class 125 and 250 (Notes 13), 89) Cast Copper Alloy Solder Joint Presur Fittings ‘wrovont Capper and Copper Alloy Soler Joint Pressure Fitings Bron:s Pipe Flanges ard Flanged Fitings Cass 15", 300, 400,609, 900, 1509, and 2500 and Flanged tings Class 180 ana 300, Cast Copper Alay Fitings fe Flared Copoee Tubes Wrought Stee! Butweising Shore Rais Elbows and Retus (ete (S13 Valves Flange, Thread, and Weng End Orc Flanges, lass 300,609, 900, 1500, and 2500... DMalleabe ron Threased Pipe Unions, Clas 150,250, and 300 Ductile Iron Pie Flanges and Flanged Figs, Class 150 ad 300 Large Diameter Stel Flanges, NPS 26 Through MPS 60 Flanged Stet Pressure Reif Vaies Wafer ana Water-Lug Chece Valves Metal Plog Valies—ranges and weidng nat See! Gale Valves — Flanged and Buiveling Ends, Bolted and Pressure Seal Boasts Gonpact Stes! Gate Valve Flanged, Threaded, Welding ane Exenced Bad Ende eal Ball Yales Flanged, Threaded, and Welsna End Lup: and Wafe-Type Buttery Vales Ductte-tron and Gray-tro Fittings, 3 Inch Through 48 Inch (7S mm Through 1200 rm, for Water and Other Liquids Flanges Ducieran with Oucte-ian gr Gray-lren Threaded Flanges Steel Pipe Flanges for Waterworks Service, ses inch Through 164 inch (100 em Through 3,800 mem) Dimensions for Fabricated Stee Water Pgs Fitings etal Seates Gate Values for Water Spy Serve Rubber Seed Bute Valves Standard Finishes fr Consct Faces of Pe Flanges and Connecting End Flanges of Vales and Fitings Spot Facing for Bronze, Ien an Stel Flanges Standard Marking Systems for Vas, Fos, Flange, and Unio Cas 150 (PH 20) Corrosion Resitan Gat, Glee, Angle and Check Valves With Flanged and But Weld Ende irough Stites Stel But Welding Fitings Including Reference te Other Coroson Resistant Materials vaste 18.22 sASME 818.22 ASME D262 ASME 816.3 SAGME BLe-4 SASME B65 SAEME 816.9 SASME 816.10 sien *AS HE 816.14 TAS ME 816.15 “ASME 816.18 *AS ME 816.22 sas ue B16.26 sas We 616.26 FASE B16.28 TAS WE B16.34 TAS HE 86.36 AS HE 816.39 sas AE B16.«2 *ASME 816.47 APL S26 *APL 598 API 598 ‘Pi 600 Pl 6o2 APL 608 sAPI 609 sanwa cane “anWa c207 “AWWA C208 AWWA C500 samwa'esoe uss sP-e Mss 5P-9 ASS SP2 485 5-83ASMERSL3.999 Eton ost, “ ener be erger than those shown hero. (1) Contour Outlet Fitna ost, fe NOTE: These sketches show minimum secoptable welds. Wolds may FIG. 328.5.40 ACCEPTABLE DETAILS FOR BRANCH ATTACHMENT WELDS wh F (2) Extra Header Ouse FIG, 328.5.4E ACCEPTABLE DETAILS FOR BRANCH ATTACHMENT SUITABLE FOR 100% RADIOGRAPHY (2) a fillet weld having a throat dimension not les dian O-7tqia. See Fig. 3285.4D sketch (5). (f The|outer edge of a reinforcitg, pad or saddle shall be attached to the cun pipe by a fillet weld having. ‘throat dimension not less than0,5T,, See Fig. 328.5.4D sketches (3), (4), and (5). (g) Reinforcing pads and saddles shall have"a good fit with the parts (0 which they are attached. Avent hhole shall be provided at the Side (not at the’ crotch) of any pa or saddle to reveal feakage in, the weld between branch and tun and to allow venting. during welding and heat treatment. A pad or saddle may be made in more than one piece if joins between pieces hhave strength equivalent to pad or saddle parent metal. and if each piece has a vent hole. (h) Examination and any necessary repairs of the before adding a pad or saddle. 328.55 Fabricated Laps. Figure 3285.5 shows typi cal fabricated laps. Fabrication shall be in accordance with the applicable requirements of para. 328.5.4. ee -@ OOOOH HHSHSSSCHCHSSCCHCSCHSCOCHSHESC SCHOO:ses6-s0024 (GENERAL NOTE: Laps shal be machined tront and bec or tund ster welding, Plata anges pe par. 2045 or op ot anges per ASME B65 ras 8 sete), Mneceaery to mateh ASME BYES lp jt Henge, Fis, 32 3285.6 Welding for Severe Cyclic Conditions. A welding procedure shall be employed which provides a moot, regular, fully penetrated inner surface, 3246 Weld Repair A weld defect to be repaired shall be removed to soind metal. Repair welds shall be made using’ a welding procedure qualified in accordance with para. 5324.2.1, recognizing that the cavity to be repaired may dite in contour and dimensions from the original joi. Reoair welds shall be made by welders or welding ‘of ‘ators qualified in accordance with para, 328,2.1 Prcheating and heat treatment shall be as required for {tk original welding. See also para. 341.3.3 33) PREHEATING 3311 General reheating i ws, along. wih eat treatment to mixinize the devinenal effec Of high temperate an severe thermal gradients inherent Welln. The tevisiy for peetesing and te, temper be | 6h6—F——r—r—" emonsratd hy procedure qualiaton The tei mets and recommendations heen aply 0 al pes Of weing inctuing ack melds. fpa wh, and el we ds of threaded joints. m "30.1.1 Requirements and Recommend: uised and recommended minimum preheat tempera urs for materials of various P-Numbers are given in is. Re- ASME B313-1999 Editon 127 5 TYPICAL FABRICATED LAPS ‘Table 330.1.1, If the ambient temperature is below O°C (32°F), the recommendations in Table 330.1.1 become requirements, The thickness intorded in Table 330.1.1 is that of the thicker component measured at the joint 330.1.2 Unlisted Materials, Prcheat requrements for an unlisted material shall be specified in the WPS. 330.13 Temperature Verification (a) Prebeat temperature shall be checked by use of temperature indicating crayons, thermocouple pyrome- ters, or other suitable means to ensure thatthe tempera ture specified in the WPS is obtained prior to and maintained during. welding (2) Thermocouples may be temporarily stached di- rectly to pressure containing parts using the capacitor discharge method of welding without weldin? procedure and performance qualifications. After therm ouples are emoved, the areas shall be visually examined for evidence of defects t0 be repaired 330.1.4 Preheat Zone. The preheat zone hall extend ‘at feast 25 mm (I in.) beyond each edge of the weld 330.2 Specific Requirements 330.23 Dissimitar Materials. When maerials hav- ing different preheat requirements are welded together, i ts recommended that the higher temperature shown in Table 390,1.1 he used 3302.4 Interrupted Welding. IF weldirg is inter: rupted, the rate of cooling shall be controlled or other ‘means shall be used t0 prevent detrimenta effects in 195 °ASME 33.1999 iin Figs 34928528 ml o 2 Metdame st 32 men gin or Ty FIG. 328.44 PREPARATION FOR BRANCH CONNECTIONS Surtece of perpendicular menber Comes tet weld Sica Surtee of perpendicular mer coneaie Conve fiat wats urace ot T POS fe wis Surtees of ornontl member, Toeiontal membor ‘Treorscn!teost qua Log iter Wat nagust Lag File Wald [GENERAL NOTE: The site of on equa le filet wold isthe tog ‘GENERAL NOTE: The size of unoqual lg filet weld isthe length ol te largest ineribodfescolos ght tiongle tog length of tho largest right tangle which can ve {theorgpest throat = 0.907 xs. Ingres within wed eon anton TB re 19 lg FG, 328.5.2A FILLET WELO SIZE = bien 1S mm had Tht of Fo Seto og (2) Face ad Back Welds (2) Socket Wig Fae (1 Front ane ack Wade Xan. = the latsar of 147or the thickness ofthe hub FIG, 3285.28 TYPICAL DETAILS FOR DOUBLE-WELDED SLIP-ON AND SOCKET WELDING FLANGE ATTACHMENT WELOSPSC CSHCCSHOSOSCSCSCESSOCESOHOSCCEOSBECECEEEEE GE: us Gelmin) War bur not ASME 31241999 Eaton (see para 304.1) 15 mm Osim betore walang FIG. 328.5.2C MINIMUM WELDING DIMENSIONS FOR SOCKET WELDING COMPONENTS OTHER THAN FLANGES (ar wierout Added Painforcament (6) Wit Acad (6) Angata Branch Withee ‘Added Reintorcemen FIGS. 3285.44, 6, C TYPICAL WELDED BRANCH CONNECTIONS (8) If slip-on anges are single welded, the weld shall be at the hub. 328,53 Seal Welds. Seal welding shall be done by qualified welder. Seal welds shall cover all expose threads ' 328.54 Welded Branch Connections (4) Figures 328.5.4A through 328.546 show accept: able details of branch connections with and without added reinforcement, in which the branch pipe is con rected directly to the run pipe. The sllisvations are typical and are not intended to exclude acceptable ypés of construction not shown, (b) Figure 328.5 4D shows basi ype of weld attach: ments used in the fabricaon of branch conncetion The location and minimum size of attachment welds Shall conform to the requirements hetéin. Welds shall be calculated in accordance with para. 3043.3 but shal be not less than the sizes shown in Fig, 328 54D, (©) The nomenclature and symbols used herein and in Fig. 328.5.4D are: ser of OTF, oF G unm (4 in) Ty = nominal thickness of branch Ty = nominal thickness of header T, nominal thickness of reinforcing pad or saddle tain = lesser of Ty of T, (d) Branch connections, including branch connection fittings (See paras. 300.2 and 3043.2), which abut the Outside of the run or which are inserted in an opening in the run shall be attached by fully penctated proove Welds. The welds shall be finished ‘with cover fillet welds having a throat dimension not less than f,, See Fig. 328.5.4D sketches (1) and (2). (€) A reinforcing pad or saddle shall be attached to the branch pipe by either: (1) a Sally penetrated groove weld finished with 8 cover fillet weld having a throat dimension not less than 145 ae Ca ASME’ B313-199 Eaton APPENDIX A. ALLOWABLE STRESSES AND QUALITY FACTORS FR METALLIC PIPING AND BOj.TING MATERIALS ‘Specification Index for Appendix A Notes for Appendix A Tables ‘Table|A-I Basic Allowable Stresses in Tension for Metals Materials Tron Castings ere Carbon Steel Pipes and Tubes Pipes (Structural Grade) .. Piaies and Sheets oo Pilates and Sheets (Structural) Forgings and Fittings Cagings Low 4nd Intermediate Alloy Steel Pipes Plates een Forgings and Fittings Castings Stainless Stoel Plates and Sheets Forgings and Fittings Bar Cabtings 7 ‘Copper and Copper Allo Pipes and Tubes Plates and Sheets Fotgings Castings : Nickel and Nickel Alloy” Pipes and Tubes Plates and Sheets : Forgings and Fittings Rad and Bar Anpendic A isl ao) 159 164 166 166 168 168, . 10 14 176 re 180 184 188 190 190 192 192 194 194 196 198 208 CCCeCSCCCC CSC HOCOCC OO oo @eoeooveveveeee e e e e e e e e eeceeeecocecoseecoeceeoeoeeeeeeeee Appendix 5 Castings ‘Titanium and Titanium Alloy Pipes and Tubes Plates and Sheets Forgings Zirconium and Zirconium Alloy Pipes and Tubes Plates and Sheets Porgings and Bar ‘Aluminum Alloy ‘Seamless Pipes and Tubes ‘Structural Tubes Plates and Sheets Forgings and Fittings Castings Table A-1A Basic Casting Quality Factors E Materials Iron Carbor Steel Low and Intermediate Alloy Steel Stainless Steel Copper and Copper Alloy : Nickel and Nickel Alloy Atuminum Alloy ‘Table A-1B Basic Quality Factors for Longitudinal Weld Joints in Pipes, Tubes, and Fittings 5 Materials Carbon Steel Low and Intermediate Alloy Steel Stainless Steel Copper and Copper Alloy [Nickel and Nigkel Alloy ‘Titanium and Titanium Alloy Zirconium and Zirconium Alloy Aluminum Alloy F Table A.2 Design Stress Valies for Boling Materia Materials Cabon Stel Alloy Stee Sunless el ie Copper and Copper Alloy Nickel and Nickel Alloy Aluminum Alloy 208 206, 206 206 206 206 206 208 209 210 212 213 214 24 214 214 214 214 214 21s 216 216 217 207 218 218 218 220 20 220 226 226 228 ASME BM1S1999 Eton: Manganese sic Stet Hee swe ps1si9m ean Bee rents SPECIFIGATION INDEX FOR APPENDIX A 0 Kom Se we te ‘ we TH 7ST ee se Senta Set 1302 Pres Vsel Plats, ly Sl, Mare 2 Ror ats ron csi Toye nd Homan cbs st SB Galena. ‘A912 stam and Weed sie Sle Pe SSSR eaten uation 2 coms 2335 SERMES SS Mette se for nce rate “thee soe Sone {934 see and Wied Caton an Aly Stl ie |e os rans caren Str in Conon ic towtenyrte See ee a ete teTemorme A335. Seana ly Stel Pe Wh Stee me Terre Sere toe GaTCS ven Csi Vey Fang and Pye —-A350._—_‘F Cron Low Aly Sl Rei 9 hie ‘Teese Py oe lease rts etic run ere Sins HPS—-~ADS1 Sel Cn Rote sent Fre led ane ‘cbr Comay Part lass eet meee Stet Pe ‘hose sang ere area Pree 235 GEER cc need Set Pie 0 nd aang Po Sale ow omer ria Seven esc? sland es eis Crome! Sel «359s Vel Pats, Aly Sc 9 are el, Shenae : te Nomad et Tere lar» secs nt bron ecto St! Hea 1350. - cia Fon weed Ao Comin Mk ingen etre fs “toy Sc ip righ Tenprae sae fasonrefe SttPococra rapes Pig «8260 Con Stan ee ly Set Fred we He3e2 SETS atc Ayer perme aoe oe he rte eee ties Ya and Para ceria {etre se i 13n6 sais Asti Se Pg fo heme Jarer cups rn is Coan nin Sees Se soi lets) St Pe or i tH 2x2 rear Vse ae Aly Ste Chota ° ae eutin op i ‘mses : ser” pean ts el Sante hao rr ae, lo SiMe ‘topes ; 22 REIS Ye PS Ay Sc ebdemm | A385 Fre et ran Pres tang as for Great ted Toop A216 St casi, carbon Sal lr Fon wen inane ere Aso) wa Ate ise Sl Pin Fe nar Se CSRS Suan oy fr =“ ath Weld Large iste ati te Poy sore ety Pa So rt Cost oh omar see ‘Cavour Sere fata paints wr Goon Ses an Alor 234 pans eg cartnSt a ay Se ematen So Fee a a ce” Rane Gena Fert Any St Phe Hi xo ned Gann wa roam Temertire sre So ton Sot Pesure-< AASL: Coal Ca ei Sel Pe ahs emer 2 eras seen pee zee sla wie Frme sans sel aon a7 ne ode Rig Se! Sar net ens ‘eecewra eve wt A TB ls es oe ror en cp an ih2e7 SRORETS Wad ante Stance sel Siri & a7 ee Se Caios Stal Presare Snel 98 ae ine Stes tae hc op cm ane ca Mela Me ly | ‘hare eh te is car Cominig Brose Sel ORME gee Ao Moe Ee Rat pb Vt Pte Caron Se, oe suo. Die ee on Cre cs oa? Sim: reget ee et trans shea ae net gsie | Pee Wel Pes Exbn Se erat fans rte a da Sow hy Ean nur eng gna inernadte Test Sen See” Str Caen Set Mer Amare adr a have edits Cote st angi Nor empret E meee Si Kiop eronme Vou ay eaten Gxtnoe « e e os e e « © e e e e e ° e ° e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e oe e Appendix A ASME 831.1999 Editon SPECIFICATION INDEX FOR APPENDIX A. Spee Spe No, Tie Na Tie ASTIN (C2) ns ase eas aon aon aon Ba 82 Bas 875 B82 ee e127 Bass eae 8150 Biase Bie e161 8 162 B lee B65 Presa Vesa Pats, Aly Ste, Querched and Tensered 8 and 9 Percent Nike! ot Rolie Carbon Ste! Sheet and Sti, Structural ‘ual, ‘Austenitic Ove ton Castings for Pressure Containing Parts Suitable Yor Low-Temperature Service Electric Welded LowCarbon Stel Pipe forthe Chemist Insty Pressure Vessel Plates, 5 Percent Nickel Allo Ste, Specialy Heat Treated lecric-Fsion Welded Ste Pipe for Atmossheri lect Fusion Welded Stel Pie or Woh-Pressure Serice at Modeate Temperatures €2tbon and Alloy Stet Poe, Electric Fusion: Welded for nigh-Pressure Serve at High Temperatures Sears and Welded FvricAustenite Staines: ‘Stet Tein for General Serie Seamless and Welded FeritcrAustenitc Stainless Steel Pie Wrowsht Ferrite, Frrte/uteie and Martenstie ovat Brass Rod, Bar, and Shapes ‘lumi Ay Sand Castings Seaiess Copper Pipe, Standard Ses Seamless Red Brae Pip, Standard Stes Steam or Valve Bronze Casings Seamless Copper Tete, Giaht Aneaed Seamless Copper Tube Searles Copper Water Tube “oneer-SiliconAloy Plate, Sh, Strip and Rolled ‘Bor for General Purposes and Pressure Vessels 2ooper Silicon Alay Rod, Bar and Shapes Nicke-Copper Alloy (UNS NO4690) Plat, Sheet, and Strip * Copper Red, Sar and Shapes Aluminum Bronce Castings, ‘Aluminum-Brorze Rd, Bar and Shapes opoer Shee, Sei, Plate and Roles Bar Nett Rea and ar luck! Seamless pe and Tube Nickel ciate, Sheet and Strip ike Copper Alloy Rod, Bar 3nd Wire Vike Copper Alay (UNS NOA4OD) Seams Fipe ‘cke-Chromium-tron Alley {UNS MOb6OO) fod, Bar nd Wie ASTI (Cont) Bier se 8169 2209 e210 e201 8265 ex» 5357 8505 Bae Boa e407 Bas 8 406 Nicke-hromium-ron Alloy CUMS Wo4s00-NOs6s0 Seams Pe ant Tee Wickes Cimon aio CON HOGe00-NO6690 Mate, het nd Si Alina rere Ps, Set, Sb, and Rll ar cope sy Coe Paes cpr Bar, 8 Ba, and Shapes art tui in Sh Plate Ar Aly Oro Sami ae ‘Atm Aly ar dso Wi Akai oy Exes Bary Ro, Whe, Shape, KO) sae AominelySeaiess Pipe on Seas d raed ae ‘unin Aly i, Hada el ig Fara SecmlesCap ae ra Conon etngaon Fu ere Cooper on Cope ly Di Fogg he reed) "am ad Tani aly Str Sheet a ite Iicke-Motyedsnum Aloy Plate, Stet, and Strip i Nicke-Maly4snum Alloy Rod Seamles and Welded Titanium and Titanium Alloy Poe AluminumAlloy Seamless Extruded Tbe aed Seaniess Pipe for Gas and Ol Frsmisstn and Distitution ping Systeme Foetoredade Wrought Aluminum at Aluminum: ‘alloy Welding Fittings Facton-Mage Wrovah Nickel and Nike-Alioy Welding Fittings \Nicke-tron-Chromium Alloy Seamless Pige and Tube : Nicke-ron-Chromium Ally Plate, Shet, and Stn. UNS woeozz, UNS "06230, and UNS RSOS56 Plate, Shee, and Strip Nickel-Chromiom Moin Columtium Alloy (UNS 106625) Plate, Sheet and Seip, Nicke-Chromiam-Mohedenm-Colmim Alloy (UWS 106625) Seamless Pipe and Tube ick!-hromim- Malye Colombe Alloy (UNS 08625) Rod and Bar Forge or Rolled UNS 08020, UNS NoB024, UNS. "08026, and UNS NO0B36? Alloy Pipe Fitinge, tad Vales and Pats for Coraive Hg Temperature Service Forged or Rolled UNS NoB020, UNS NO6026, UNS. Noa026 Aloy Pate, Shee, an Siro \Welde Chromium Nike-Ion-Mlytidenun-Copper= Columbium Stabilites Aly (UNS NOBO20) Pipe 2011; B31.3-1999 fon SPECIFICATION INDEX FOR APPENDIX A Some Tie in Tie AGM cConeen ASTI (Contd a fee Seamiets Copser-Nickel Pipe and Tbe 8.625 Whe Alloy Plate and Sheet Ber weed Coppice! Pipe 669 NiFeCeifosCe Low Carbon Ally (UNS NGE904) Bei Aluningm and Aluminum Ailey Extrased Round Tes fd WiFe-Cr MoCo Low Carbon Aly UNS {or Gegra-Purpose Aoplation, Noses, UNS Nos031, and UNS N08926) far and fos Ziconigm and Zeon Alley Fesings in T 1.655 Zicenlun end Zirconiom Aly eames and Welded 8 {17 Welded ikel-Crerun an UNS NOGA Pipe 5675 UNS Noe266 and UIs NOB367 Welded Pipe Bf23—Seamiee and Weaed Zirconium 38 Zircon Alloy 8688 —_Chromlun-Nichel-Molbedenumren (UNS NOB366 Tubes tp Condeters and West Exchangers and UNS 08367) Pate, Sheet and Skip 8 }s7 —Alumingm and Aluminum Alley Formed and Are 8.690 ren Meke-Chromiun-Malyoerum Ally (NS ‘Welded ond Toke Noobs end UNS 106967) Seamless Pipe ad Tube B51 conten and Zirconium aly Sri, Shel and 15705 Wieket-ily (UNS No6625 and 08825) Wades a fet Nike Aly Forsings 3725 Welded Wicket (UNS NO2200/UNS No2201) and 8 fr Lowcarbon Wicket obidensn-chamim Alloy Rod Nicke-Coper Ailey (UNS NO4400) Pie 8475 Low-Cabon Nike tlyedenun-Croniam Alloy 8 729 Seamiess UNS Woa0zo, UNS Noa026, UNS Wo8o2s Prat, Sheet and Step Nice-Aey Pipe and Tate foi Nike-Chromiom-ien Attenun-Capper Alloy Rod B fe Nicke-Chremium-trw-Malyodenun Copper Alay 15.008 UNS No8367 Weld Poe Fite Set and tia hax Conner filoy Sand Cannas for General Applications «E112. Methods for Determining Average Gran ize 2419 Welded mice ant Nike. cobt Alloy Pie feo Niekerlen-ctomiam Malycenum Alloy OMS ne 1No@320) rate, Staet and Sip Of21 —Nlckeron-crromiom Malyoéerun Alloy CUMS sk Ue Pe 822 Seales Wek! and ice Cobt Aloy Pipe and Tabs CCHWERAL NOTE: {ti at practcal to cle to specie etn ofeach standard thoughout the Code text Instead, the apo eon refhreces, along wih the names and adores ofthe sparsring orgoitaton, are shown in Aopen ENOTES FOR APPENDIX A TABLES cenenat nores er oe nes ws omer eS Hains Mea caning ety far an minima Bes soars xte ete eo th seems ts Sle de tos be es ‘ater ar tough (7) are relereced in Table ead an io tes mer pe pat fr ate (2 en coms Maer eee win nme res eure weed note te freee yt vie 68 0 mice Be MO Sen sna abe gen ee are nores 1 Se eles Table ante sn sees aan Tuy ete ton seen tenn cranes TOG RE deine apron uy or Ue Masham am Yate Be) es wes Ese te sted pr. 3023.20; ow (es ase fame fa Tate iB webs tt 1 ot nga ea Sw pares. 302 330 goers ean tna Se ak eee ete anes aes wt Tes pelts ean tempers as iblace Seg Soe i epee ytd seem atest Seon Sons aton one or Sear Map or bso of Ramin a sl ran morn ots ier Hes re ccd yo pests ened ater sce seauetaay Tate can senabesy arene Bao on 3092 31) ade pe ek coy japon oe ae cates at Sheetal tats te ro ea 2c babe ne erent tees atl utd iparerbecé hae a ger asc te Diaiaeet toeSteb telnet tata mara 1 eran Oe caeentg emer Sent LR cee Sag shes os asin stove) aon the referenced Note dobar ote left of “ere no sess lee are ste, a mati may be ie ‘Sesrdacs wih pra: 3232 uss roid bya dele Bar ey Mae restctions en the at of 5 materi the txt tthe Code ws. {a Secpara 305.21; engratare ins are -29°C 208°C (@) Sez pera 30522 ppe sal be saoqurde when wes tuts he tear its Nee) (ey See Table 32522, Seon B2 (a) See para 323 4200, (2) Ser para 323.4200. ca» "Por resure terrae ratios of cargoes made i = Cordance with seandards lista in Yate 326.1, separa Sto srs aauesn Table A may be sed ocala ating for ulsted comprent, an socal ratings For tite enone permite by ora. 303 a) Component Standard edn abe 32. fp te allowing Teeter on nsteral wen esas fopig-composton rope eat eam negra ze al eofor 0 is tin ular grcmdues ierance etc ‘Exton ans arias sate in accordice wi ASTM 8 Se8 aor "his Casting salty tetris appeal ony wen oper Faopiemencry examination Nas been gertormed (88 para (a1) 2Far we under his Coe, asonrapy tl be formed ater ca "Ceainfonms be mater asstaundia Table 323-22, must Se inpuct teed tol for serve tlow 29°C (20°F), Tswana ay be wed dun othe temperate ‘Tieton nc estes corte a aecodarce wt the spel a Properties of is material vary with Wickes ose, Stress nium tee on vie properties rt be vere tele We Wingnrets are area by te materia speciation, they sai be seciied ne purchase rr cas) MUDRSE Caan ave suablsed tm a consteration of resth ony anf wi be tiation fr average sree FOr ‘hea ft wes treedom fam lslane Owe a fons period tine it reining ei lor tes ales ay Seimcery as deermied from te xii of te ange [hd buts an coresprding relaxation properties. (as An foto of 1.00 may be pid et fal wes, easing ruin the tae teri}, Rave paped 100% adigraple ‘Raminain, sutton lrasonexamination fr radon ‘tory sno permite fore parpese obtaining an £1.00. (7 Ener eta shal rot be ed he manufactre of Os ge cao) “i secfiatin do nt ictus requirements fr 100% ‘ososranicnpeson. Is tgher nt factor tobe we, ‘he muneral sh be purchased to Oe special reuremects of ‘ie 3813.2 for tvgia tat wth LOD radio 203Append an e® ank ce F anit oo Fa 02 Sq of on Fe oo BRST aa i rin Care Se if specification iflues requirements for eandom radio ic ngectin for mil goat cone. If te 6:90 joint Sa tooe wie, the we shall met the reuirents of SEIS othe! butt welds wt spot rasogrpy esse wih Table 902 3.4. THs Stall be 8 mater of erect betheee purchaser and manufetre. pe dacs s ON 200 (MPS. 6) wid wall hihreses = 20, ae speed simu tense svength is 483 MPS rl hicks» 127 mn (5, th specified minima "libgth 40} Pa (70 bs. rater cere > 127 men (5), the specified min Tense stag i 4&0 Pa (65 tl pinnate rent for we (qualification antes Shown Stall bb multi by 0.99 fr pige having 2 Ts snmeter tess than 51 mim (2 tn) and a O/ wae less sets equramert may be waved ii can be shown he welding procure tobe vied wl conser rode Thatieat the ised wiimote strength of 165 MPS eight alumi lay welded fitigs conforming to Fons 'SS-SPr43 shal Rae ful penetration welds Strength i ot tated Inthe material specification. The Shown baad ye Strengths materats wih sar Patel may develop embritioment after service at approx! iy 316°C (e00"F) and higher temperature TTnsaiizes gre of stinies see increasingly tends to stir inseryrariar caries asthe carbon cetent ‘hove 0.099 Se alo pra. F323.40012. Tempers soo 427°C (000 °F), ese tes values, rip nen the arto content 5 0.04% or hier. Terpeetures sve 338°C C1000"), ese stress values Jy ony hen the Erbon cant 0.08% or higher Torey values abbee 398°C (1000°F) Ite hee shall be ni when te oureiie miroprain sie as defined ove sesso sed ote sme materia specication, fate shal be weed peratures aoe S38°C (1000°F), these stress wales ro ty a eg en Rm ra 22 aloe af 109° oO) mim "acaay save 30° (000%) ese ess aes reenter lnasteeest ested beat aeesermpea a 1038 C900) a tech rear fn eer mes sn rere ove reat ae ater ssa spatenten owe mise maniac of red aber sega a cal oh Svs ls or mt may see cn. esd Gefen wth wrt hardens rae we ee these ater fr weds eration Kovtbnitrcoct ran sot tis Sessa ced conraon gen te oes Sra! mp tase or Slee thea wale es ‘ifers forthe saebled contin shall be wed dclity anor low spat properties atreom temperature, verter beng wed above the temperature indicate by “loge bar). ew aa para. F323.a0N4 09 Beas Is inel or ue at high temperatures; may have lsicnnest ream or wih ther ha a solton beat treat then the mptral nas not teen clio Neat ete ‘minim terppratre shal be =29°C(-20°F) unless the. eva ss lnpact bse per para. 3235. pact reqavenke for seamless figs sal’be governed ‘ose Ite In (ns Table forthe partitar base matfrial ication in tng grades pevited (8 912, A 240, and A 2) when A 274 materials are sed the manutoture of “Spciation pit this material tobe furaised witout * «o) ro ASME, R31.8-1999 Fition tne fing, the Notes, minimum temperatures, ad allowable roses fr comparable grade of 240 materials tal po Note (38) Deleted ‘This material when wied blow -29°C (20°F) shal impact {ted the carbon content above 0.10%. Ths casting aly factor can be enhances by supple entan, tamination in accordance it ara, 3023-3) ape Toble Soz3 3 The niger factor from Table 302.3:30 may be Sobsitted fortis factor peesure design equations Desig sree forthe aid dranm temper are based ont oles properties el required data on cld drawn are suited Tete a product specication. No Gesignsirsees ar neces. Limitations on meta temperstre for materia covre by tMs etal Temperate, Gases cece 9 to 482 (-20 to S00) a8 to 593 (255 to 2000 2,28, and 2408 3 22919 593 20 to 1000 3 tase Mote (42301 Thon ta $93 (=150 8 1200), é “es to 427 (-20 to 600) 4 and 7 (oe Hote (42a) (A Cee Nate G90) SHA end BTA BA, and BCA Thor te 593 150 12009, Za ta 27 (=20 to 400) “9s te exe (325 6 1500) A254 to B16 (225 w 1500), (420) When sed below 46°C (50°F) thismaeral shalt pact tested a requved by A320 for Grade U7. a2 “This ie a product specification, No design streises are «3 we “s) a co cp reessary, For hmtatons on usage, se paras. 3092.1 and Soaze The sress vas siven fr this material are not apiable Sen ter welding or thermal cting Is employed ee para Jenezen, ‘Tie material spall aot be wee ‘Stes values shown are applicable f= "7" fss3 {he leter "a ideates alloys when ar rot recomended for riding nd wach Halon, mest be Inada quali The eter " indiemtes copper base alloys which must Be {Fo welding i employed in fabrieaton of piping tom nese mnaterials the sires values may be increases to 230 MPa G33 60, ‘The sues value to be ued or this gay eas iron terial at Tes upper temperatre lt of 232°C (2S0°F) Is the same 35 that Shown nthe 208°C (400°F) eal, {the chemlal composition of is Grae i such asto render ithardenable, auction ener Po. 6s require {This material grouped in Poo. 7 Beease is Rarerabily ‘Tis materi may require special consideration for welding {uleaton. Se the BPY Code, Section TX, QWIQE-42, For (Sens Coos, a quaied WPS required foreach strensth level of mater {Copper sian alioys are not always suitable when exposed 10 enn mesa and toh temper atre, particulary bare 100°C Gnzery Te wer should tty hse tat deal selected [SSasactory forthe src Foe whch i t0 be wd ‘Sits rei heat estnet required for service bree 232°C case 204(55) Pipe produced to sgeicaton Ts not tne for wih Ioralzg, or nar. sed and tempered cite, Z Because of ermal ail, mater nt econmende faposure to tempers ord ver 427°C U000""1 See pars, votes of led ee See pra, F323 400 ecko C35 nots ander th thea ote. Te hardness ‘hal be taken ona at area a leet 3m {ip Int actos, repay removing treats, Nommre mera han essay {hat be rmoved ta pepe te are. Hardness demas ‘ened at apponin ey 962° (BOO) for ‘umpers (7351, 19510, 13511, Tas, ‘rater i the ited ep shal be eed SEtcimen in aecordae wih the Bw Got, sec Xe The minimum temps rature shown efor the heaviest wat fahter was il be a Showin he long tation _tmpact Test Te p17) for Pate Thickness Shown Smee 'Smm Stam (60) Sues ales shown are 99% of toe fr the coxresponding (6 For we under tis Coe, te eat treaument requitements for pe manuactured to 671, & 622, and & sl be a ‘equ by para 331 fr the particular maria being we. 6a) The tion test specie fom plate 12.7 em (yin) ond ticker is macioes for the core and doer rot tele te {air aay thereto hese values ed ate thos or ‘materials ethan 12° om, (7) Alloy 25 (UNS MOCL25) nthe snvcted cndon sujet {o svere less of imgact sang at room tperaure set ‘goss te range of 538°C to 760° (LOOT te 400°") (71) These mates are perry miersloyed wih CV. andor ‘ Suplementa specication agred to by manuactrer ane surchaser comment eth remy ore restrict than tba specication la plate roling sje an ‘reer for west (Le, C-eqialer nd toupee, (12) For serves terperture > 4544 (050°, eld metal Sal (93) Heat estnent 5 repired after weld for al pads of coum Grafe RoovOS. See Table 332-19 (94 Macha! ports titi made og sock shall ime the requirements of one ot the br, forging, oF Pod ‘pecteaions sted Table? of B 368 (95) Sues ales shown are fo teil th normalized and terpeed cancion or when the ea renter unk ‘material anes, use the folowing ves above 510°C Grr Si 80573 ken (701 Myarostavc testing Is an option (aot seeuired) in this sociation. Fer use under (hs Cade, yaa testing 1 (229 The oie orate tse below, procund in accorfance with CSA (anata Standards Association) 72453, sae considered asecuialrs to APL SL ad eaed Usted asi, x70 ss 205 400TABLE AL BASIC ALLOWABLE STRESSES IN TENSION FOR METALS" stumbers i Parentheses Refer to Notes for Appendix A Tables; Specifications Are ASTM Unless Otherwise Ince’ Baste Allowable Stes $51, fa Metal Ten gerature, °F | Scie tn | Poor wi “Sermo Min sie. Tents Ten. sins [sen “Gh rne_noes_‘F06) Teste ves @ 80 ao_200 500 ts 0 io | asi (2) oon ase oy | alte x teovoneas 20a 20 29 20) 20 cay | a8 Se | Aare wan 20 ws a5 23] 25] pe so tay 2030 aie ° fecxoen “203 30 39 30 30 car nine a as 3s 38/38 con ase wean 20 \ cer per @ {teva “20 40 49 4c] 40 er aa fo texas 20 £5 40 ae] Soke Xo Xo cea rey a ss a] 9 Gey ass so (eas) 2050 so so si| soll rer aie % anes) “50 Bo 383i] $0 ke 50 Seif cea nae ss) cas) 2085 ss ss 5.[ 53h od nae nas 20 ogo cf ches eo. esl cosa | Ag ean flee an 3080 80 ao 80 80 80} ras | | wmatate | 27 sano ays) f]-z0 50-325. 100 190 103] 100 100 100 100 erie | A305 aon, []-2o 60 40 200 190 179 B69 59 149 144 ausene | Asn. feo. [zo 65 200 2M, 1 -OCSCCCOSCOCCOCHCCOCCCECCCEO eeooecoeneneoooooooaeeCCOCCCHCCHC OSES COCHCHESCEHHEEHEHCCOC8EESEEEEEEE 9) TABLE A-1 (CONT'D) BASIC ALLOWABLE STRESSES IN TENSION FOR METALS! [Numbers in Parentheses Refer to Notes for Appendix A Tables; Specifications Are ASTM Unless Otherwise Indicated Sie Gr 55 ware 1 8 7N67) eee oo ie ee ase feign os 2oF99 ean BASIC ALLOWABLE TABLE A-1 (CONT'D) iumbers 0 Parentheses Refer to Notes for Appendix A Tables ask Alomable Set Shi, at Metal Temperature, STRESSES IN-TENSION FOR METALS? pecfications Are ASTM Unless Otherwise ladicated sao soo | too 650700750000 _050_900_%50_ 1000105000 _Crase_soet We ore se | sea tas yr mel ne me Ne 3 Sol ma 3] ts a5) as teas nee Ws | | Maat we mel wi ua nts wee taf 7a as[ as as 9 aun Iisa ss Me ted wee Svea BF 4 veo ted wa as ee var asf 79 as as see As let wp Be pr Bene Ss] at Sky ab ae ie te ae hen ya ash me as ee nao ea] 8a oa m2 ep es ee BS wal cs as gu wah Ma as ee to wz] 0 ts| AS 2s 1 el od | ae wo vp se as ae truss con ken fie Sar ves vp ase ss ise De wos sae tet fate yoo we wa owes 99 toa] 87 4s Sa Leer Abe 7 208 (291 eecoeevocvvecevtve 0200s eeeeeee e 2 es ee oa raaue A tour suse asawasc RESIS Aen Fon eras ° — mS Te eee ee ee © FEET ° Dob Bm ° oe en ° ie ee coe ee sla ° Sa eee 2 eae ee ° Se oe U6 eS : ne e eee goatee ce ergs ° eee eee e oa 5 es ie e 52 xe GO 56 tao e e e e 204 e oe — e enumbers ia Parentheses 4 #3134999 Eon TABLE A-1 (CONT'D) asic ALLOWABLE STRESSES IN TENSION FO eer to Noes for Appendix A Tables; Secioations Ne R METALS? [ASTH Unless Otherwise ndiates cur, °F “Riowable Sve si OD, at Meta Temes ase | 9 100 1050 1200__sae_Seee NO —_ == Jaron Stet (Con's) ies am Tabes (2) (Can) | | Aas erst, qe UR 2s cus Aa. wou wfe nore cms Aen eeeoeseooe ee Ceovoeceececveevcevvveeeeesee youreA e TABLE A-1 (CONT'D) 400 BASIC ALLOWABLE STRESSES IN TENSION FOR METALS' e ‘Numbers in Parentheses Refer to Notes for Appendix A Table; Specification Are ASTM Unless Otherwise Indicated e Specitied Win ae. a e ees ee ee ey ee e Carbon Stet (Con's) ies Te (Cat) e aa Aa ec oT wes e abe Ree ee ran eee ee Pin nes ake Am 1 owas e CRO °, Tino 2) Gite wee | aoe kom 1 cuts e (€1 in thick) ° mist $2 assum ks was ass @ APISL SAXONS = ABD 30300300 ‘e Ase sa Yeo DOD A 75 650 50 250 e Pipes (Stracural Grade) (2) e Asoc.3 Aue sa cane fo ass 80 e Asmwcess kms caw fo sz ass as e 4570 Gr. 36 Ane sa eaxoer 20 53 HHS e eee ed a med lee ye e e : e © e 2 o| cee cane so BASIC ALLOWABLE STRESSES IN TENSION FOR METALS" a eee reer ] @ soo 500 | 600 650 700 750 m0 6509009501000 10501100 Grade_ Sec. No eo : | cusrs nem 1 c | cK7S Aer i 2 : = gf : 4 Wntcocuucuurea jas Ae e ie mg lhe _ 9 es a e C hss -..| : aw e a L aie e five oe an e e e ‘ e . e | al e a e 7 eTABLE A-1 (CONT'D) BASIC ALLOWABLE STRESSES IN TENSION FOR METALS* Numbers in Parentheses Refer to Notes for Appendix A Tables; Specifications Are ASTM Unless Otherwise Indicated ASME 315.1999 Bon ° é ° ° ° > ; > Specified Min ae Strength st Min temo. Sore. No Grade Noes Tensile Yield 10100200300 (hry Steet (Con's) A205 a (sri aso ena ase 55 ca 8 0 a3 aaa ara azas c nis 5 3083 as ara ase ‘ cn so 32 2009s ak ass re on o m2 Oe MS 09 Aste 6s sn 6 38a? a 207 ass rs & seit! ai) fn) ane 10 eo m6 83 BA. BBS A837 ct maa wa “aaa az on 5 4-250 awa a2 sn 3 42250 250 288 ‘Plates and Sheets (Strctral) Aza a (eos | so mM 8 Da 125 aso 20 ecns7) 30150 so 150 Aza e eons) SO eee ae x || ¥ ‘6 : | 3s 183 Ares c eens 330 Sea a5 er) 0 cans 3 08st 36 wer 3 ee 69 te Az . wosn if so 33 ee aster 4370 % wasn | oo aaa Be As70 so 180157 6 19 9 199UX BASIC ALLOWABLE STRESSES IN TENSION FOR METALS' ‘Numbers i Parentheses Refer to Notes for Appendix-A Tables; Specifications Are ASTM Unless Otherwise Indicated TABLE A-1 (CONT'D) Base Alowable St ‘SH, at Metal Temperature, FC CCCCCOCSCCOM 400500 | 600 650700750 a0 050 9009501000 1050 1100 _Grade__ Sec. Wo Carton Steet (Cons) Plats snd Sheets uz aso 1s 6 ms 102, sal. 77° 4s as 25 ee Anes ts a6 [02 wm 0 na ae] eo “6s 4s 2st Aes 2 ue [ine us ne ato raz] a3 4s 4s 25 ke aes > 73 se 55 Ise 29 108 “ Aste e W203 8 6s isd 128 108 es sds o Asis » 200 es |173 vo ee 138 a es 452s 6s Asis e az aos fier wea wax rar az0f 92... : 0 Aste a7 aos | 187 ws 7 wo) 9245 45 2s * Asis na ms me mo ne G1 Ase 229 ae 197 194 192 156 126] 95 6S 45 25 16 10 aan @ 240 227 207 208 202 156 126] 95 65 43 25 16 Lo A209 \y Plates and Sheets (Seucura) 7 pa ws |na us ma wz ® a2 9159 147 aka ada » Asvo 163 163 |150 a7 Men 36 ast 169 69 | 169 16969 as iso 150 4282 tha ° Ae» CeCeeoveovoeeneeseeoeeee - e _ ASME B31.3-1999 Edition Table At e ff qasie aaconroy ° BASIC ALLOWABLE STRESSES IN TENSION FOR METALS’ e "Numbers in Parentheses Refer to Notes for Appendix A Tables; Specifications Are ASTM Unless Otherwise Indicated Sake Aden Sr 5 8 Fo Metal Tenors, °F 7 = e e 40050) 600650700 _750_o00 6509009501000 10501100 Grate See. Carton tcl cant e Fern ant ge) 12 1} Maus ua 0 wal r# 50] 30 15 ura aan e m e fan wee Aas e ang) e Les. nase e wet Rule e e ® e | e e e e e e e 26 { Co PTE @j e ® s ¢ ; e e 6 e ® ° EO Oe @esevseeeeeeeoeoee seve 3 eens ASME BB12.1999 Eton TABLE A-1 (CONT'D) BASIC ALLOWABLE STRESSES IN TENSION FOR METALS" Mumbers in Parentheses Refer to Notes for Appendix A Tables; Specifications Are ASTM Unless Otherwise Indicated Specie Mi, — Pleo win, “Soemptest Mi So Ten rere wilbial —_speeta. 3) erase Noes __"FUGi_Tewile Ved 100200 aw ad termite Ay Stet Pee (2) 2yceta Asso 200m celta am hier iim = ott 387 Gr 2.1 hue te) eats Aus 30 FeL oo 0) esas Aue 3 ee je tae hin 4 ter tien eta ame 3 ore oo 0 aa Tesi ams 3s : 14SH%4Mo A426 3 cas ao f 20 6030 wes 182 rer’ ame 6 che oo) 20 eas Ame 58 crs ao 30 aa sh cat ao re Cra! ass 84 a0 Oa ae ea yo Os Ra eect 2 oer “the Awe tren 0 toa aeegto Aon 8 her amen ow 20 1387 Gr. $1.1 sertamo » aaas 6 StrYeto-st as 58 Scr 4Me Aree 58 sceame aus Po Scrame Ayes 58 FPS SeriMe Rem "5B, 9tr °ASME 83153-1999 ion BASIC ALLOWABLE theses Refer to Notes for Base Allowable Sess 5 4D, at Metal Temp 15 169/63 157 184 asx 8 169 163 157 154 tes 163 157 183 179 173 tee 170 5 159 156 17a ths aso asz 162 aba 14s 14a wee wr ass tz 173 16 455 150 12 13 187 Ise 172 7h ws 166 2 Wd 168 166 Me 300 400 | 500 600 650 700 150 800 bs be TABLE A-1 (CONT’D) 850900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1209 ne Mon Rs 100 109 90 109 80 109 80 38 re) STRESSES IN TENSION FOR METALS? Aopendix A Tables; Speci cations Are ASTM Unless Otherwise tndcated a a a 2a 20 22 ow and intermedate Aly Steet Yor ses 1a ace 12 csp 13 Foss ra deere feu aa deen, 12 1%er : “fe Grade Soe a Pipes 2) ben Aare roy A368 Aes aon ectee @S@®O@2@eeee ©eeeeeed ‘ es ~@-0-0-0-0.-00. 0 @ « @ eee eee oee eccceeeeeeeeoeneoocece eeeeoeeeoeonecooee Table Aa 0 BASIC ALLO'VABLE STRESSES IN TENSION FOR METALS? TABLE A-1 (CONT'D) ASME 8313-1999 Eton [Numbers in Parentheses Refer to Not s for Appendix A Tables; Specifications Are ASTM Unless Otherwise Indicated Species Mia, ———— Peto. tin “Siena si rem, Te Nateisl____ spent.) Grae Notes "FUGi_Temsle_Yikd_ 0100200 Low and nei Aly Seton) recs (2) (con) . scrame ene fet serane Aye tk Fran Be eee serame hon shar nee ew aeet st ona ahaeraio Aisa anen ‘Aer 6.22.2 rans acritn Ame 58 ni | m0 gems Benin an 3a trongss aniace aoa nice hosel on a ice @ wcnionitone Stim oe 6ceazKi2Mo ute eCrAOMETI ge ‘sis > 4 ick >in tick 19CeL0HtS oie ets > i tee @ re-1000 lesion Heswauecs Nevawrane pee © secrontrtoce cr 10m pe © samt © 20:10 50 Thoe 3095 4 240 @ Peres ee © con ASME 831341999 Edition TABLE Al (CONT'D) BASIC ALLOWABLE STRESSES IN TENSION FOR METALS’ Numbers in Parentheses Refer to Notes for Appendix A Tables; Specifications Are ASTM Unless Otherwise Indicated{ © “Ais 313-1999 dition Table A-L eC TAGLE Ac (COND) e ea en re ear ae ST! es esi need e doo too ro top 50. voy 1m) is) NO) 150100120 BHD M09 160 Iso ae . ae eo)... comet ° am Cw ee RR EB A tS | ° a e | come ta e Baga ee see ag co e Se ee =. ° —— e oS ot e e e e . ~ 228 e O. 7 e... - oeeerreeep Tape Aa ASME 31.41999 Edition 00 TABLE A-1 (CONT'D) BASIC ALLOWABLE STRESSES IN TENSION FOR METALS [Numbers in Parentheses Refer to Notes for Appendix A Tables; Specifications Are ASTM Unless Otherwise Indicated ls eu es Te EB me me a wo smevegend uaa le ee gem, Semmes] ee me ae see ane me ; woke Le cm ow tine. Set ow me ne ee we HOES To ed ee oie se ele ee ; the, SER. Hi e eee MP Gs ae EE SD inte TE Bg a e woes og ee] ae km ws me we ne ne ° *eVIe gear, WOSSCHCCCCETHAEECAE EAE ELE EEE [ASME 8313-199 Elion TABLE A-l (CONT'D) BASIC ALLOWABLE STRESSES IN TENSION FOR METALS! "Numbers in Parentheses Refer 19 Notes for Appendix A Tables; Specifications Are ASTM Unless Otherwise Indicated ‘Table Aa = eens eee WI 3 161 59 157 a5 54 IS3] aes ase oe rks aa zy dt Aare es estate cere ere 1743. tes ane 90 ws se | shi Vao 00; Oe Cee see Toifeat ASME 833.1999 Editon TABLE A-1 (CONT'D) BASIC ALLOWABLE STRESSES IN TENSION FOR METALS? lumbers in P:rentheses Refer to Notes for Appendix A Tables; Specifications Are ASTM Unless Otherwise Iaicated Ses Min, Pao tui “Seen tst in she "Sa Tee, erm afi Be Grae ee SFG) Tense _Yiks_ (0100200 300400 50000 ‘Stare Supt ©) 1 ante Pes an fuses 2) (ont es |e Ake sqm eee 7 39 30 ano 200 187 175 ahs in Tone os st] 702233 ua 204 194 eran suo es 7 me me ns 8 ie ml eecsnrau fobs» ssi os 5 300 90 89 m9 272 aes , serra fsteb ion szerso we ne m7 a0 ona ns one (CY rt. Amb e a0d 20108. wus] rs 30 “200 200 200 187 74s eeocoaoecoeooavneneeeee _ASHE 113.19 in, : raat * BASIC ALLOWABLE STRESSESIN TENSION FOR METALS! . ° A ee ° a =—a es Soet. dco too rn 1005010) 1910059 ty 10 say sao m9 10 10 160 sma ; Soames e ee eo SMe WMI Rk Ga Ue Bo oe te e oe |e _ smo” its _ on e oy le e ao e , om ie e ” a oo aus wi ue 'nn ae we oe ae ee eer ee eee ices e : e e ( e e e e : °00 eeeeeee are @ BASIC ALLOWABLE STRESSES IN TENSION FOR METALS! haere Pardes eer tbr Hepend A Table Sea he Ts Ores Indeed le — = en le soeq "he Tere, se eae cise ee wie SE Gee ee SS oe oe we oe massed mmeioase | le er az 7 ‘0s gs 4 6 209 184 177 We 2 Be le = sans on as we Ble sces3M 3M Aue am oo cal 530 m0 200 220 109 77, aaa Bas angen + ms] 1s 58 mn 00 sso me ot eer | eth os BS ek ee ge > ea eA ee eee | ee soma] oso =~ | et scien aS tition | 9 mo 0 x0 wo we es) 25ceani-aMe adg sion ssen0 os) oto 180s He HO 34D 340: °ASME 8313-1999 Eten Tae At f TABLE A.1 (CONT'D) BASIC ALLOWABLE STRESSES IN TENSION FOR METALS! Numbers in Parentheses Refer to Notes for Appendix A Tables; Specifications Are ASTM Unless Otherwise Indicated Sees na 790 s00 850900980 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200 1250 Iomo 1950 1400 _WWS0 1500 Gade Sa Sie 2) (Contd sincneeeies é & 12 sa 55 152 aim AS 72 169 7 Ws WA aes] 94 Ge 80 3H 28 aT a on os oso Dew wee ante eee ook tab ins OA ez 20rd sao] aed ta wk ta kas ease Be ee ee ee800 BASIC ALLOWABLE STRESSES IN TENSION FOR METALS* |rnbers in Parentheses Refer to Notes for Appendix A Tables; Specifications Are ASTM Unless Otherwise Indicated TABLE A-1 (CONT'D) ASME 8313199 Eaton 4 spain, Pata.or ia, “Serena tt Mi Sect. “Sto. Tere, Ter set te Grose Notes TGs Yat! to100 200 300 400500600 weer 1 cetomel scr 2) ceed ela. ae Ae i f. Ban ranaes bow as mr ser mr sa 48 40 l. yo 200 700 200 200 200 192 7 9 m0 200 200 189 177 Mh } vs 50 20 200 ano m0 193 183 Joe anew 3% 3 200 22 200 93 179 10 do ine xo mo 193 179 170 15 299 700 709 200 189 193e e e e ® e e e e @ e e e e e e e e e e e oe e ASME B31..1999 Eton TABLE A.1 (CONT'D) BASIC ALLOWABLE STRESSES IN TENSION FOR METALS! Numbers in Parentheses Refer to Notes for Appendix A Tables; Specifications Are ASTM Unless Otherwise Indicated a tet wo 60m vit ven 00 te N50 10 130100 ww Me we cnet mam aenio ee cae pa us ua ue zr a | 7 63 11 59 157 155 154 Sa] Mes Gee 88 7H 5S AL 23 LL went A403 236AD : ASME B31.3-1999 Edition , TABLE Aa (CONT'D) BASIC ALLOWABLE STRESSES IN TENSION FOR METALS unbers in Pargtheses Refer ta Notes for Appendix A Tables; Speciation Are ASTM Unless Otherwise Inia | Sete Lone we Simone we Ea some ___"FUi_Tente vow UND 200 9m woo 500 to Samepsel oven eae ced ad @ aeons Faas op Te] ote tsa NA ee ad { Be Fae 25) a Be 8S tr , cesims Bers ABoa tue on, ol ee ssovwnather as gm nw ae a 2se-10Ki 33H cerow noe eas le oes) ete eae stir ie q0600000000 000000 OH OOOOH OOOO HOE ASME RY.11999 Eaton . Table As TABLE A-1 (CONT'D) BASIC ALLOWABLE STRESSES IN TENSION FOR METALS? Numbers in Parentheses Refer to Notes for Appendix A Tables; Specifications Are ASTM Unless Otherwise Indicated Ta Mate Sr § Dt weal Temperate, “FO — tet este ete eben ost tee oer - es Chee uae se me te ne ene te we Shmwemesn tau a a mete : te iS 7 Castings (2) Buen ee eS Eee EGE ESE OR le as Ci)e ag we ne] acne as isl asus ae areas ar Lo iS Ne ms az 182 ea} wel 182 wa m2 WS 79 $4 44 320 23 1B 13 Cree Aas (me al fea ce 23%SO R31-1991 tion Tate At TABLE A.18 00 BASIC QUALITY FACTORS FOR LONGITUDINAL WELD JOINTS IN PIPES, TUBES, AND FITTINGS &; vse quali faktors are determined in accordance with para. 302 3.4(a). See also para. 302.3.4(0) and Table 3023.4 for Increased quality factors applicable in special cases. Specifications, except APL, are ASTM. = “evendix A spre. as or Type? Description a Hotes ron See Pit Seamless pipe 1.00 ec reetance welded ine as eee fon weld pipe due bt, straht O95 ” Tes Seamless ge 1.00 Tree cr esisance welded pipe 085 e a eee oO E F , 106 Seams ioe 100 me Electr asin welded pipe, single but, sae 620 as Electric esitance welded poe as Bs ltr sion wld ple, Seah or sirat 080 a ‘Seamless tte 100 1 Forges nd igs 100 a am Seamless and weld tgs 100 os bs Seamless soe 100 Elect resitance welded pipe oss 350 Forges and ings 1100 a - ye Electr fen welded pipe, 100% rsoaraphes 100 "lection weed pipe, spot radioaraphes 050 Electric sion welded pe, a5 manufactured 08s 220 eles ftigs, 100% eatiagraphed 100 on " Seams pe 1.00 387 Electr resitance welded pine 08s on 12, 22,32, 42,52 Elec fusion wide pipe, 100% raeoarapned 1.00 13,25, 33,43,53 lcs sion welded pipe, dave at sean 08s on 12, 22,32, 42,52 Electr sion welded pipe, 100% raographed 00 13, 23,33,43, 53, "ect sion welded pipe, dvb bt seam o8s on 12, 22,32, 42,52. Et son welded pipe, 100% radograp 2.00 13,25,33,.0,53 Electr fasion wed pipe, dvb a se a8COOH HE SHEE SHOES EHHHEEEEEHEEE Table AB BASIC QUALITY FACTORS FOR LONGITUDINA|. WELD JOINTS IN PIPES, TUBES, AND FITTINGS &, “These quality factors are determined in accordance with wa. 302.3.4ta). See also para. 302.3.4(b) and Table 302.3.4 for increased quality factors aplicabe in spe ial cases. Specifications, except APL, are ASTM, TABLE A-18 (CONT'D) ASME 1313-1999 Editon & Spec, No. Desericion a {Low and Intermediate Allo Stet ane Seams and de tings 1.00 aan Seams pipe 1.09 rer Seams tube 1.00 A335 Seamies pioe 100 4369 Searves pine Yoo Aaao Welded Stings 109% radiog-ashed 1.00 aon Elecvicfsin weed pie, 100% raoprates 2.00 Aor Etecirc fusion welded pipe, 100% radioaraphed 1.00 Elecvc fasion wel pipe, double ou seam oa aon Electric feslon welded pipe, 100% raogragher 100 Ec fosian welded pe, double But Seam oss. Stainless Stee! ane2 Fovsings and tings 2.00 Az Sears ube 1.00 Electr fusion veld ue, double bt seam ons. let fsion veld ie, single bt earn 090. A269 eamies woe 109 Feat fsion welded tbe, double bit sam ons as Seana tube 1.09 Elects fin aie tbe, double ut sam oa ase fusion sede pipe, 100% raiograghes 1.00 ‘ride poe, spot raionraphes 090 ‘ede poe, dble tt seam 08s asm yon aoa Seams its 100 Weld iting, 100% radiograph 100 ina, double but seam ons ino, igi bt eam a0ME 313-1999 on spe. No. cts (or Te) faites sce (chor conser and Conger Alloy ba Be Wicket and Wet ley 8 160 Bier eas? Baca B see ASIC QUALITY FACTORS FOR LON! ese quality fattors are determined in accor sso ased quality factors aplicable i special cases, Speciation, except APL are ASTM. Tale At TABLE A.1B (CONT'D) (GITUDINAL WELD JOINTS IN PIPES, TUBES, ANO FITTINGS race with para. 302.3.4(a) See also para, 302.3.4(b) and Table 3023.4 for a Toren Descrigtion a Notes tec sion welded pie, dvb bat em lei halon wee pp, snl Bat tam Stet eatin ‘Gino Seamless ute res usin welded, 100% radlograahed Eerie fusion wee, double butt Election weld, sgl bat lec ion welded, 100% radlosraptied tect van welded, double but Elec usin welded, sige att Seams tons ilies tings, 100% rasoarates Wele fiting, double ut eam ‘Wl sis, snl at sea Seales water tbe Seamless poe a ue Elecrieresanc wee poe Freee fan wld pie, double a seam ler fasion welded pie, ingle bas Forsings ad tins Seams ie ad tate Forsing a #95 Seamless le and tie seamias ip and tute Seams and welded tips ‘Searles poe and tube SCHOSSHHOCHESSHSHOHCHSHSOOCECE SOLO OCHECSHOOCHCCEEOCOVESCOSSHHEHHSHHSHSHSSHSHSHHSHSHSHHOHSOSHOOHHOE Table AaB BASIC QUALITY FACTORS FOR LONGITUDINAI ‘These quality factors are determined in accordance with TABLE A-1B (CONT'D) ASME 313-1999 Edition L WELD JOINTS IN PIPES, TUBES, AND FITTINGS £, ara, 302.34(a). See also para. 302.3.4(b) and Table 3023.4 for increases quality factors applicable in special cases. Specifications, except API, are ASTM. & “Appendix B Spec. No. Clas (or Type) Deserition & Notes Nickel and Nickel ty (Cone) eos Electric resitance weld ioe oss Electric fasion weed pipe, cable ut eam 08s Elsie fasion weld pipe, sinle bt seam 020 ee Seams pipe and tbe 100 87s a Wilde spe 080 3690 Seamless spe 1.00 8705 Wels pipe 020 8725 ect fsion velded pipe, dove bat eam oes Electric fusion weed pipe, sine bt ram 080 79 Seanies pipe and tute 100 Bove 135 Welded pipe, 100% raticgraghed 1.00 aa Welded pipe, double fiion weld 08s é Welded ine, sre fusion weged ono Thanium 2nd Titan Alloy 8337 Searles pipe 1.00 Electric fsion wee pipe, dove bt seam ons, Zirconium and 2ircoium Aitoy 8523 Seamer tube 1.00 Elecre fon welded tube 080 Boss Searles ige 1.00 Electric fhm welded oe 080 ‘Aluminum ailoy 8210 Seamess tube 1.00 Ben Seamies pipe and tbe 1.00 8247 Forgings and tings 0 % 0345 Seams ine and tbe 00 Ber » Searles fitings 0 Wieloe fitings, 100% radioarach 0 Geen Welds figs, doube butt, as @ Welded fig, sntebat 80 co ose Welded pipe and tbe, 100% radiograph 1.00 Weiied sige, double bt sare as ede pie, single but seam 280 247GENERAL is Appendix provides guidance for the designer in th form of precautionary considerations relating 10 ppartiular fluid services and piping applications. These fare fot Code requirements but should be taken into sat as applicable in the engineering design. Further inforfration on these subjects can be found in the literfture, F30} DESIGN GONDITIONS ection of pressures, temperatures, forces, ions that may apply to the design of piping can juenced by unusual requirements waich should sidered when applicable. These include but are jimited to the following. 4 Ambient Effects There Aids can be trapped (e-. 5) and subjected to heating and consequent expan- ‘means of paessure relief should be considered to ‘excessive pressure buildup. F3OLS Dynamic Effects bering: an effart that nan cern im piping handling. at or near their boiling temperatures under condi ‘when rapid evolution of vapor within the piping Jes rapid expulsion of liquid. In such cases a pressure Je can be generated that may be destructive to, the 1g. (Geysering usually is associated with vertical ines but may occur in inclined lines‘under certain tions.) 1.7 Thermal Expansion and Contraction Effects ing during gooldown: an effect that? can occtir, usiflly in horizontal piping, on introduction of a fluid at hr near its boiling temperature and at a flow rate tha} allows stratified two-phase flow, eatsing largecit-, ccurpferential temperature gradients and possibly unde~ ccefftable stresses at anchors, supports; guides, and within pith walls. (Tworphase flow ean also generate excessive APPENDIX F PRECAUTIONARY CONSIDERATIONS pressure oscillations and surges that may dam ge the piping.) F30L11 Condensation Effects ‘Where there is a possibility of condensation c curing inside gaseous fuid piping, means should be censidered to provide drainage from low areas to avoid damage from water hammer or corrosion. F304 PRESSURE DESIGN F304.7 Pressure Dt ‘Components F304.74 Expansion Joints. The following we spe- cific considerations to be evaluated by the designsr when specifying expansion joint requirements, in a ition to the guidelines given in EJMA Standards: (a) susceptibility to stress corrosion crackin s of the materials of constuction, considering speci alloy content, method of manufacture, and final hea weated condition; (8) consideration of nut only the properti:. of the flowing medium but also the environment ex zal to the expansion joint and the possibility of com zasation ‘or ice formation due to the operation of the bellows at a reduced temperature; () consideration of specifying a minimur bellows ‘or ply thickness, The designer is cautioned that =quiring ‘excessive bellows thickness may reduce the fa gue life of the expansion joint and increase end reac! ons. (a) accessibility of the expansion joint for mainte- ‘nance and inspection; {e) need for leak tightness criteria for m -tanical seals on slip 1ype joins; (f) specification of installation procedures cad shi ping or preset bars so that the expansion joiat will not bbe extended, compressed, or offset to compensate for improper alignment of piping, other than the nventional offset specified by the piping designer, (g) need 10 request data from the expars on joint manufactures, inelud,©) a) rsderranns (6) requirements for addtional support or restraint in }he piping: (2) expansign joint elements that are designed to be funinsmtated during operation; (8) cemification of pressure conta ning and/or re- sirifning materials of construction; (9) maxiraurn test pressure; 10) design calculations. 37 VALVES | @) Extended bonnet valves are reco:nmended where necfssary to establish a emperatue difterential between the falve stem packing and the fluid in the piping, to voll packing leakage and external icing or other heat Auxfproblems. The valve should be positioned to provide this|temperature differential. Considerition should be uc f0 posible packing shrinkage in ow temperature uid service. i Te effec exten fads on ve perblty and leak tightnes4 shouid be considered P30} FLANGES AND GASKETS F30H.2 Specific Flanges Sip-On Flanges. The need for ve wing the space betwhen the welds in double-welded slip-on flanges should be consideded for Muid services (including vac- tuum} that require Feak testing of the i ner fillet weld, for when fluid hardled can diffuse ir 0 the enclosed spac, resulting in| possible failure F304 Gaskets (a Gasket matefials not subject to « sid flow should bbe ebnsidered for) use with raised. f.ce Manges. for ftuid [services at clevated pressures wth temperatures significantly above! or below ambient. (b) Use of full Face gaskets with M1 faced fariges shoul be considered when using gaskct inaterials sub- ject tb cold flow for lows pressure and “acum setvices at milderate temperatures. When such gasket materials are ufed in other Muid services, the use, of tongue-and. * roo\p or other gatket-confining flange facings should be echsidered, (cl| The effect OF flange facing Tiiisti should be consifered in gasket material selectioi ASME 03131999 Eton F309 BOLTING 309.1 General ‘The use of controlled bolting procedures should be considered in high, low, and cycling temperature ser. vices, and under conditions involving vibration or fa tigue, to reduce (a) the potential for joint leakage due to differential thermal expansion: (b} the possibilay of suess relaxation and loss of bolt tension, F312 FLANGED JOINTS 312.1 General ‘Thee distinet elements of a flanged joint must act together to provide a leak-free joint: the fiu ges, the ‘gasket, and the bolting. Factors that affect performance include: (a) Selection and Design (1) consideration of service conditions (including, extemal loads, bending moments, and application of thermal insulation); (2) flange rating, type, matenal, facing, end facing finish (see para, F308.2); (3) gasket type, material, thickness, and design (Gee para, F308.4); th (Cold and at temper ture), and specifications for tightening of bolts (see para. F309.1); and (3) design for access to the (®) Insialation (1) condition of flange mating surfaces; (2) joint alignment and gasket placement before botup; and Grin lementation of specified bolting procedures. F322 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR SPECIFIC SYSTEMS. 3226 Pressure Retiet Piping ‘Stop Valves in Pressure Relief Piping. If stop valves are located in pressure relief piping in accordance with para. 322.6.1(a), and if any of these stop valves ate o be closed while the equipment is in operation, an authorized person should be present. ‘The authorized Person should remain ir attendance at a location where 2Saot ASME 3313-1999 Eaton the operating pressure can be oberved and should have sscess to means for relieving the system pressure in the event of overpressure. Before teaving the station -the-authorized person should lock or seal the stop valves in the open position F323. MATERIALS {a) Selection of materials to resist deterioration in service is not within the scope of this Code. However, suitable materials should be specified or selected for ‘use in piping and associated facilities not covered by this Code but which affect the safety of the piping. ‘Ceasideration: should be given to allowances made for teinperature and pressure effects of process reactions, for. properties of reaction or decomposition products, and for hazards from instability of contained fluids. ‘Consideration should be given wo the use of cladding, lining, or other protective materials to reduce the effects of corrosion, erosion, and abrasion (8) Information on material performance in corrosive environments. can be found in publications, such as “The Corrosion Data Survey” published by the National Assosiation of Corrosion Engineers. 323.1 General Considerations Following are some general considerations which should be evaluated when selecting and applying materi- als in piping (see also para. FA323.4): fi (a) the possibility of exposure of the piping to fice and the melting point, degradation temperature, loss of strength at elevated temperature, and combustbility of the piping material under such exposure; () the susceptibility to brie failure or failure from thermal shock of the piping material when exposed to fire or to fire-fighting measures, and possible hazards from fragmentation of the material in thé event of failure; () the sbility of thermal insulation to protect piping against failure under fire exposure (eg., is stability, fire resistance, and ability to remain in place during a fie), . (d) the susceptibility of the piping imaterial to crevice ‘corrosion under backing rings, im threaded: joints, in sooket welded joints, and in other’ stagnant, confined (@) the possiblity of adverse clectrolytic effects if the metal is subject to contact witha dissimilar metal; @ the compatibility of lubricants ‘or seatants used (on threads with the fluid servic Furuse (g) the compatibility of packing, seals, end O-rings with the fluid service; (h) the compatibility of materials, such as c:ments,sol- vents, solders, and brazing materials, withthe fuid service; () the chilling effect of sudden loss of pressure-on highly volatile fluids as a factor in determining the lowest expected service temperature; ) the possibility of pipe suppor failure resulting from ‘exposure to low temperatures (which may embrittle the ‘suppors) or high temperatures (which may wesken them); (&) the compatibility of materials, including sealants, ‘gaskets, lubricants, and insulation, used in strong. oxi- dizer fluid service (e.g., oxygen or Muorine). 323.4 Specific Material Considerations — Metals Following are some specific considerations which should be evaluated when applying certain metals in Piping. (a) Irons — Cast, Malleable, and High Silicon (14.5%). Their lack of ductility and their sensitivity to thermal and mechanical shock. (0) Carbon Steel, and Low and Intermadiate Alloy Steels (2) the possibility of embritlement when handling alkaline or strong caustic fluids; (2) the possible conversion of carbides to graphite ‘during Tong time exposure to temperatures above 427°C (800°F) of carbon steels, plain nickel stel, carbon- manganese steel, manganese-vanadium steel, and car- bon-silicon steel, (3) the possible conversion of carbides to graphite ‘during long time exposure to temperatures above 468°C (875°F) of carbon-molybdenum steel, manganese-molyb- |ara00) 6.625 ~ 2(0,245 ~ 0.10) ain 6 dee 6.335 0.366 c requifed area Ay # (0274) (7315) (2 ~ 0.866) cement area in run wall [7-315 (0.438 + 0.274 - 0.19) = 0.468 sq in 9 branch ae ee) 285 = 0.113 = 0.10) = 006254 in, + in cing ASME BSL1999 Edition in filler welds Ag = (NPA) = 0.281 59 in The total reinforcement area = 2.986 44 in This total is greater than 2.27 sq in,, so that no additional reinforcement is required. 304 EXAMPLE 4 a ‘Au NPS @ run (ieader) in an oil piping system has, ‘an NPS 4 branch at right angles (Fig. H301). Both Pipes are Schedule 40 API SL Grade A searsless, The design conditions are 350 psig at 400°F. It is assumed that the piping system is to remain in service until all ‘metal thickness, in both branch and run, in excess of that required by Eq. (3a) of para. 304.1.2 has corroded away so that area Az as defined in para. 304.3 3(c)(I) is zero. What reinforcement is required for this connection? Solution From Appendix A, $ = 16.0 ksi for API SL Grade A (Table A-l); E = 1.00 for API SL seamless (Table AMIB) 350 (8.625) * 3(16;000) (1.00) + 2103) (350) _ 350 (4.500) "© S sig o00) (1.00) + 204) (0), = O88 I <4, = 4.500 ~ 2(000888) = 4.402 in 0.0928 in Q \ ed reinforcement area ‘A, = 0.0935 (2.402) = 0 Try fillet welds only. ba = 23100935) 2 0.254 in or 2510 0888) = 0.122 Use 0422 in Due to limitation in the height at the reinforcement zone, no practical fillet weld size will supply enough 2s4 2 s 8 e e e e e e e e ® e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e@SCHOSSSHOSSEHSHOKSOHSSOHSSSCEOHGOSSSESSEEBE ASME, 313-1999 Eatton reinforcement area; therefore, the connection must be farther reinforced. Try a 6% in. O.D. reinforcing ring (measured along the run). Assume the ring (0 be cut from a piece of NPS 8 Schedule 40 API SL Grade A seamless pipe and welded to the connection with mini- mum size fillet welds. Minimum ring. thickness 322(0.875) New Ly = 2.5(0.0488) + 0.282 = 0.404 in, 0-25(0.0935) = 0234 in. Use 0.234 in. Reinforcement area in the ring (considering only the thickness within L:) y= 0.234 (625 ~ 4.5) = 0410 sq in. 0.3(0:322), “oT07 Leg dimension of weld Reinforcement area in fillet welds Hs0e180s x = (4) 0.28)" 052 «qin ‘Total reinforcement area Ag = Xp + Xp = 0.462 5q in This total reinforcement area is greater than the requited area; therefore, a reinforcing ring 6'% in. O.D., cout from a piece of NPS 8 Schedule 40 API SL. Grade ‘A seamless pipe and welded to the connection with minimum size fillet welds would provide adequate teinforcement for this connection. 1130S EXAMPLE $ (Not Illustrated) ‘An NPS 1% 3000 Ib forged steel socket welding coupling has been welded at right angles to an NPS 8 Schedule 40 run (header) in oil service, using a weld conforming to sketch (1) of Fig. 328.5.4D. The cun is ‘ASTM A ‘53 Grade B seamless pipe. The design pressure is 400 psi and the design temperature is 450°F. The corrosion allowance is 0.10 in. Is additional reinforce- ment required? Solution No. According to para 304.3.2(b) the design is adequate to sustain the internal pressure and no calcula- tions are necessary. It is presumed, of course, thst. calculations have shown the run pipe to be satisfactory for the service conditions according to Eqs. (2) and (3).ASME H16.59-1998 Asme B bso PIPE TABLE 1A_LIST OF MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS {SeS nNU FLANGED FITTINGS Pressure= ‘Applicable ASTM Specifications" Mater |Nominet Temperature Gro Designation Rating Teble | Forgings Castings Plates 1 c-Si aaa | Ar05 ‘A216 Gr. WCB A815 Gr. 70 CoMo-Sh ‘A380 Gr. LF2 ‘4516 Gr. 70 A537 01.1 coMn-SI-V A380 Ge. LFSC. 1 12 c-Mn-Sh a2 A216 Gr. Woe A382 Gr. LCC c-Mn-S}-V, ‘A380 Gr. LF6 Cl. 2 24 A382 Gr. Lc? A203 Gr. 8 34Ni AssoGr.LF3 | A352 Gr. LCs A203 Gr. E 13 csi 213 ‘A382 Gr. LCB A515 Gr. 65 -Mn-S} A516 Gr. 65 DANI ‘A203 Gr. A ani | A203 Gr. 14 si 24 ‘A516 Gr. 6 CMn-S} ‘A350 Gr. LF CL. 1 ‘A516 Gr. 60 18 c-¥4Mo 24s | ate2cr.F1 A217 Gr. Wer (A204 Ge. A ‘8.382 Ge. Let ‘A208 Gr. 8 wW c-%4Mo 2a7 ‘A208 Ge. Yc 4Mo. A182 Gr. F2 Ni-%Cr— Mo A217 Gr. Wea UNi-%Cf-1Mo A217 Gr. WES. 19 1cr-¥Mo 219 | arezcr Frac. Ter YyMo A217 Gr. We8 1%Cr-4Mo-Si A182 Gr. F11.C1.2 A387 Gr. 11012 so | [| 2vce-mho A182 Gr. F223 | A217 Gr. woo A387 Gr. 22 C12 ras | | screamo 182 Gr. FS As2GrF5 | A217 GCs 114 [| scr-1me zara [awe oreo A2 Ge. C12 11s || scr-1me-v 24.15 | A 162Gr. Far Az. cra | A367 Gr 9101.2 2a 18cr-2Ni, ‘A 182Gr. F304 | A351 Gr. CFS ‘A240 Gr. 308 A182 Gr. Fg0d | A 361 Ge. CFB ‘A240 Gr. 3044 22 16Cr—124-2M0 222 | armcress | assicrcrom — | 24067. 316 A182Gr. F316 | A361Gr. Cram — | A240 Gr. 16H, 18¢r-134¥i-3M0 ‘A240 Ge. 317 196r-1988i-3Mo A351 Ge. CaM 18¢r-8N 223 | atazGr. soa | ‘A240 Ge. 304. 16cr—1289i-2Mo_ ‘A182 Ge. FT6L ‘A240 Gr. 3161 24 18¢r-10H)-Th 224 | ate2 Gr. F321 8289 Gr. 328 ‘A182 Ge. F321 240 Gr. 3214 256 ® POSSESS OCHOSHSSETSSCHSHSSSHSHOHSSSCESHE OSB OCEOCECE© PIPE FLANGES AND FLANGED FITTINGS ASME 81650-1998 e TABLE 1A _LIST OF MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS (CONT'D) Pressure ‘Aplicable ASTIN Specifiatons! © itarertat Nominal Temperature e —= Designation Rating Table | Forgings Costings Paton 25 | t8cr-t0Ni-co nas | areacnrsar | aasiar.crac | azar 47 e ‘A 2 Gr FRU7H ‘2a Gr 24TH fh ta2 Gr. Fae 15200 Gr 08 e ‘Aaa Gr. Fae ‘5 2a0 Ge 404 26 | 250r-12Ni 226 18351 Gr. cH e 835% Gr. C20 22-12 A240 Ge. 3098 ¢ ‘8240 Ge 2098 27 | 28cr-20Ni pay [arzereso | aasiarcx | azar s10s, e ‘A240 Gr. 3104 28 | z0cr-toni-amto 228 | arzer res | AastGr.CKIMOWN | A 200 Gr. 531254 ¢ 22¢r-SNI-aMo-N 18182 Gr. FB ‘A240 Gr 301009, e 25Cr-7Ni-AMo-N 1h 1a2 Gr. F53 ‘5240 Gr 532750 2acr—t0NinaMo-V 18351 Gr. CeOMN 25Cr-SNI-2Mo-3Cu 15 35 Gr. COAMCu e 25Cr-7Ni-3.5Mo-W-Cb A3516r. batnvvcun e 25C,-7Ni-3.5Mo-N-Cu-W A102 Gr. F585 A240 6.532760, © 2 __[ sn site roe za1__| 8.462 Gr. nowo20 8-463 Gr, NOO20| e 2 232 | @ 160 Gr. noz200 8 162 Gr. No2200 33 | se0ni-towc 233 | @160Gr. Nozao 8 162 Gr. 02201 © ae | crni-soce 234 | 8564 Gr. Nosaoo ~ | e127 Gr. Nosaon ° G7Ni-2004-5 8 Yee Gr, NOMDS 25 __| 7awi-t5cr-oFe 235 | 9.560 Gr. nosso0 8 168 Gr, WO5600 @ as | sannaare-atcr 236 | @ 964 Gr, NoB800 8 409 Gr. NOB800 @ 27 __ | coni-2anto-2Fe 237 __ | 0295 Gr. 10065 8 298 Gr. N10665, .* 238 | ase cr. wio276 8575 Gr. ni0276 8 S64 Gr. NOBE25 8 443 Gr, NO6625 | ¢ 6 95 Gr Ni000t 8 993 Ge Nrooot e 8 873 Gr N10003 18436 Gr. N10003 BIN-I6Mo-16Cr 8 574 Gr. NoGeSs | 857s er, nosass e 42Ni-21,5Cr-3Mo-2.3Cu 8 564 Gr. NO8E2S 8 424 Gr. NOBE25 88 | ermine omo-saF6 23a | 972 Gr. Nosooe 8.495 Ge, NO60O2 2 aiatere ze 23.10 _ | 8.672 Gr. Nos700 1 599 Gr, NO8700 317 23.11 8 649 Gr. NO8904 B 625 Gr. NOB9O4 @ ane | poti-aare-22cr-sMto zaa | 62% Gr. Noez20 8 620 Gr, NoRaI0 e Erninzzce-20Fe-7Hho | B 561 Gr NOSINS 6 502 Gr NOS 7 (Table 1A continues on next page; Notes folow a end of Tabled -_‘ ASMH 816.50.1998 PIPE FLANGES AND FLANGED FITTINGS. (a) TABLE 1A_ LIST OF MATERIAL ‘SPECIFICATIONS (CONT'D) Prensa Aoplccble ASTM Specitcnions a Nomina é Desaneton Rating Table | Forgings Castings ates aa] | soni-ascr-t0Fe-omo 2313 | 8861 Ge. nosors 8 502 Gr. noos7s NisFovr-Mo-Low Cv 8 set Gr Noeost 8 62s Gr Nos} 4] | arnicdacr-19F6-ento 2314 | 8581 Gr nowoo 8 582 Gr. nosoo a5] | senicapre-2ice 2215 | 8268 Gr. Noseto 8400 Gr. Noosto a6] | asnicapor rss 23:16 | 8511 Gr. Noanao 8 526 Gr. nosso a] [ewi-26scr-ascu-zsme | 217 [A361 Gr cw (a) Fo ons 0 Notes in Table 2. ce Os —,rtrt—“CO™C—OSOSOSOC—C—COC—C—C—COCN Ima also be used wih comteaponding B16.34 Stancard Gorrie Maa rope ite fae Roe nae ame os ore Note: Forfa as and Pressure Vessel Code, Section I! materials, which also meet the requ ements of the listed ASTM spec ficatfons, may also be used. « e e e e e e e e e * e po : e e e e e e e e e e a e e ° e ) 258 e e e e e e e@peeesveeeeoeeeeeoeseeoeeeoeeeoeeeed PIPE FLANGES AND FLANGED FITTINGS, ASME 816.5-1996 TABLE 18 LIST OF BOLTING SPECIFICATIONS Applicable ASTM Specifications'* Bolting Materials (Note (1) High Strength Intermediate Strength Low Strength ‘Nickel and Special Alloy {Note (2 "Note (i) {Note (4I] (Note (s Spee. Spee. Spee. ‘Spee. No. Grade Notes | No. Notes | No. Grado Notes | No. Grade Notes a oF aie 85 Air eae eee coy ae 816 iss 5 Ais acc 6 Aig 86x Ats> saMcuy i) 8166 oven) asx vo | Atma Ais sacl) Aso GA to) | At esciz in| tea o 335 Noses hie Geto) | Atma wicca my | tas aca Aue Ge oy] Ata gawci2 | A193 oma Bao crexo, Aso us tio) | Asm geraiz ay | At eA aan a oe am cz ay | asr 6 4) hiss 8 Asm oecc2 1) Bm moms a Aan eerci2 an | As sect eal Ammo womciz2 (my | Aa sAcc pe Amo perc? | A320 sec.) Aba 823 Pern) ee aus 9 Ass 6st a Assi 660 Ga GENERAL NOTE: Boling material shall not be used beyond temperature limits spec NoTES: (1) Repair welding of bolting material is prohibited. {2} These bolting materials may be used with all isted materials and gaskets {0} These bolting materials may be used with all isted materials end geskets, provided it has been varifed that a sealed joint can be maintained under rated working pressure and temperature (4) Thesa bolting materials may be used with all sted materials but are limited to Classes 150 and 300 joints, See pare, 5.4.1 for required gasket practice. (5) These materials may be used as bolting with comparable nickel and special alloy parts. (6) This austenitic stainless matorial has becn carbide solution treated but not strain harder material. (2) Nuts may be machined from the samo material or may be of s compatible grade of ASTM A 194. 18) Maximum operating temperature is arbitrarily set st 500°F, unless material has beon annealed, solution annealed, or hot finished because hard temper adversely affects design stress inthe creep rupture range. (9) Form fed unless the producer last heating or working these parts tests thom as required fr other permitted ration and cectifies thei final tensile, yield, and elongation properties to equal or excoed the {equiremants for one of the other permitted conditions, (10) This ferric material i intonded for low tempersture service. Use A 194 Grade 4 or Grade 7 nuts. (11) This austenitic stainioss material has been carbide solution treatechand strain hardened. Use A 194 nuts of coresponding materia (12) This carbon steel fastener shall nat bo used above 400°F or below ~20"F. See also Note (4). Bolts with driled or undersized heads shall not be used. (13) Azcoptable nuts for use with quenched and tampered bolts are AYS@ Grades 2 and 2H. Mechanical property requirements for atuds shall be the same as those for bots. (14) This special alloy is intended for high temperature service with austenitic stainless steal {15} ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section Iimaterias, which also meet the requirements of the listed ASTM spxctications, ‘may also be used 1. Use A 194 nuts of conesponding 259ASME a] 5.51996 PIPE FLANGES AND FLANGED FITTINGS TABLE 1C_ FLANGE BOLTING DIMENSIONAL RECOMMENDATIONS oduct Garbon Steel Alloy Steet Sud Bots "ASME B18.2.1 ‘ASME B18.2.1 Bolts siallor than % in, ASME 818.21, square or | ASME B18.2.1, heavy hox heavy hex head head Bolts equal to or larger than | ASME B18.2.1, square or hex | ASME 818.2.1, heavy hex Yio, head head Nuts smator than % in, ‘ASME 818.22, heavy hex | ASME 818.22, heavy hex. "Nuts equal to or lager than | ASME 818.2.2, hex or heavy | ASME B18.2.2, heavy hex hie hex Malo threads ‘ASME B1.1, CL. 2A course | ASME 81.1, Cl, 2A course sees seties up through Vins | eight thread series for larger bolts Female threads ASME B1.1, Cl. 28 course | ASME 81.1, C1. 28 course series series up through 1 in; eight thread series for larger bolts . 260 e@oeoeoeeenoveaeeee@ = Nw e@oeeeevoeece \ e@eee | | e®eeevneeened_— PIPE FLANGES AND FLANGED FITTINGS ASME 615.52-1998 TABLES 2 PRESSURE-TEMPERATURE RATINGS FOR GROUPS 1.1 THROUGH 3.17 MATERIALS. TABLE 2-1.1_RATINGS FOR GROUP 1.1 MATERIALS (a) ‘Worn Designation Forgings Castings Plates c-Si A105 (1) A216Ge. wee (1) | AS18.Gr. 70,1) coMn-si 18.350 Ge. LF2 (1) A816 Gr. 70 (112) A837 61.113) CMn-! A380 Gr. LFB CL 1 (4) ‘NOTES: (1) Upon protonged exposure to temperatures above 800°F, the carbide phase of stee! may be ‘converted to graphite, Permissible, but not recommendéd for prolonged use above 800° (2) Not to be used over 850°F. {) Not to be used over 700°F. (@) Not to be used over 600°F. WORKING PRESSURES BY CLASSES, psig Class Temp. 150 300 400 600 200 100 205 740 990 1420 200 260 65 300 1350 300 230 655 5 1315 400 200 635 84s 1270 500 v0 600 800 1200 600 140 550 136 1095, 60 125 535 ns 1075 700 110 535 70 1085 780 8 505 10 1010 200 20 410 550 825 80 6s 20 355 535 00 50 170 230 345 = 950 35 105, 140 208 1000 20 50 1 105 —POCSHOOHOS OHSS EHSHSOHSOHHSHHEHOOSEOSHEEEEee e e of e e ° asvieheseine pe ruties ann lanceo areas e fa) TABLE 2-1.2 RATINGS FOR GROUP 1.2 MATERIALS: omer ° a fe — ‘C-Mn-Si ‘A 216 Gr. WCC (1) e Romer e lee pe ; oh eee ee : ow | asaocus asecries | assignee mone e 1 Uae eran npr enpranesbre 0% hearse ato te mayae : onverted to graphite. Permissible, but not recommended for prolonged use abovs 800"F , @ aap emer ( 3 nas ett eae . WORNG PRESSURES By GLASSES, pos ‘| = thes 0 200 10 00 00 1500 200 e isso lal es oo | od |e =a a mo” | me | ie | ee | ee | ae [ae | a Fa ee a jo | ae |e |S fe | am | ae | tio e Kee me | oe | ce | ee | ms | se] se . se wo | cs | wos | se | aos | som | cco bss we | Se | me | we | ws | ss | so = ve | fm | 3 | we | ms | mo | ie 2 | se | oe | ae | ws | me | i e pe = | oo | sf} me | me | se | Se he oe ee | ee | ee e| a | m | se | se | we | mo | ae bso 3 wee 100 os 30 Be 250 (@ gE s/o] 8] 2] w=] gs | ® ° ° ° ° e ° 262eeeseoovaoene peeeeeceecoaeecasoaeeeeeeeee PIPE FLANGES AND FLANGED FITTINGS ASME B16.5-1996 TABLE 2-1.3 RATINGS FOR GROUP 1.3 MATERIALS. Nomi: Designation Forgings Castings Plates esi A952Gr.Uc8 (3) | ASISGr.65(1) CMa Si A516 Gr. 65 (N12) 2YNi A203 Ge. A(N) Suni A203 Gr. (1) Notes: {1) Upon protonged exposure to temperatures above 800°F, the earbide phase of st 1 may be coer red to maphte, Permissible, bt net commended for prolonged use above 800°. (2) Not to be used over 850°. {@) Not 0 be used over 650°F. [WORKING PRESSURES BY CLASSES, psig Class Temp. F 50 300 400 600 20 0 100, 265 695 925 1390 200 250 655 875 1315 300 230 640 850 1275 ‘400 200 620 225 1235 ‘500 170 585 75 1165 600 140 535 70 1065 850 15 525 635 1045 700 110 520 690 1035 780 95 475 630 945 00 0 320. 520 780 850 65 270 355 535 900 50 170 230 385 950 38 105 140 205 1000 20 50 0 105, ‘‘ ‘ASME $16.5-1996 PIPE FLANGES AND FANGED FITTINGS TABLE 2-14 RATINGS FOR GROUP 1.4 MATERIALS Nominal Designation Forgings Castings Plates cB A515 Gr. 60.0) A516 Ge. 60 (12) Notes: (1) Union prolonged exposure to temperatures above B00, the carbide phase of steel may be converted to graphite. Permissible, but not recommended for prolonged use abene Boe, (2) Not to be used over 850°, WORKING PRESSURES BY CLASSES, psig COCOCOSTHC CC CHC HC ECE HEHEHE 1500 2500 ¢ 3085 15 zero 480 m5 4500 | 2505 ‘405, | 200 50 2205 aes nas a0 zs ara zo 2688 ‘50 088 1240 220 360 190 sts 260 xo 490 « i J e e e e e e e 264 aeeoevecoce SPOCSCHCCESCSOHSECOSCSHSCO SESE OSES PIPE FLANGES AND FLANGED FITTINGS ASME B16.59-1998, TABLE 2-1.5 RATINGS FOR GROUP 1.5 MATERIALS. | ‘Nominal Designation Forgings. Castiogs Plates c-YeMo AwazG. rim | Az7Ge.werqna | A204Gr. Ac A352 Ge. LC1 (3) (A208 Gr. 8 (1) Notes: () Upon protonged exposure to temperatures above 875°F, the carbide phase of carbon-molyb- num stect nay be converted to graphite, Permissible, but not recommended fr prolonged tse above 875°F. od and tempered material only. {@) Not to be used over 50°F. (2) Use norma [WORKING PRESSURES BY CLASSES, pela Glass Temp. *F 150 300 400 600 200 1500 2500 =20 to 100 265 635 925 1390 2085 3470 785, 200 260 620 905 1360 2035 3395, 3660 300 30 es a0 1395 1955, 3260 5435 ‘400 200 640 855 1280 00 170 620 220 00 40 605 208 850 us 590 785 700 0 570 755 750 5 530 m0 ‘200 80 510 os 20 6 485 650 900 50 450 | 600 950 35 280 m5 1000 20 165, 220ASME 1650-1998 | PIPE FLANGES AND FLANGED FITTINGS (a) TABLE 2-1.7 RATINGS FOR GROUP 1.7 MATERIALS Nominal Designation Forgings Castings Plates hme. (A204 Gr. C11) %Gr-4Mo A162 Gr. F2 0) Y4Cr-%Mo A217 Gr. Wea (219) aN HCr—1Mo A217 Ge. WES (2) NoTEs: (1) Upon prolonged exposure to temperatures above 875°F, the carbide phase of carbon-molyb |. ws | es | bo | 3sz0 oso ow | a | oss ws | uss | 20m | a0 so s | as | See wo | tas | aos | aso ce s | os | Se me | te | tm | Seam 1or0 7 = > rr oso : as | Seo ces | tos | a0 | os 100 -_ ero os | ss | asus iso me | ae os mo | ts | tor tz _ oe bes oa | sas v0 vs | iss 2s eo ms | ta +300 he] iss ne xo ses o* 1250 _ |. 190 290 420 0 io | to 1% as 200 o30 ‘te % ‘ vs ‘re Fd rt to ® 8% es us ies Ba 293FORGED ATTINGS, Asm SOCKET-WELDING ANO THREADED NPS VERSUS DN ara) ASME 616.11-1996 TABLE 2 CORRELATION OF FITTINGS CLASS WITH SCHEDULE NUMBER OR WALL, DESIGNATION OF PIPE FOR CALCULATION OF RATINGS 10 | 15 2 65 3.2 Reducing Fitting Size ~ In the] case of redicing tees and crosses, the size ofthe gst ran opting sal be given fis. followed by the ‘of the opening at the opposite end of the nun. Whre the fiting is a tee, the sizeof the branch is siven|last. Where the fiting is a cross, the largest side-outlft is the third dimension given, followed by the oper 18 opposite, The line sketches, Fig. 1, illustrate how the|reducing fitings are read. 4 MARKING 4.1 Geyeral Each tting shall be permanently marked with the required] identification by raised lettering and/or by stampit collar forging, |. elecirg-etching, or vibro-tool marking on the Irion, raised pad or raised boss portion of the [Cylindrical fittings shall be marked on the OLD. offon the end fof the fitting in a location such that the’ iarking will not be obliterated as a result of 2 ame tee 4 20 x 22 oxox 2 es ci Mee Ci Me ee ta FIG. METHOD OF DESIGNATING OUTLETS OF REDUCING TEES AND CROSSES (See para. 3.2) Pipe Used For Rating Basis (Note (1, ‘Schedule | Wall Type of Fiting | — No. _| Designation Threaded 0 xs. Threaded 160 : Threaded os Socket Welding | 80 Socket Welding | 160 9000 | Socket-Welding | Nore: (1) This tables notintendedto restrict the use of pipe of thinner ‘oF thicker wall wth fiings. Pipe actusly used may be thin fer or thicker in nominal wall than that show ia Table 2. ‘When thinner pipe is used, its strength may govarn the rating. When thicker pipe i used (e.g, for mechanical Strength, the strength of the fting governs the rating. TABLE 3. NOMINAL WALL THICKNESS OF ‘SCHEDULE 160 AND DOUBLE EXTRA STRONG PIPE ‘Schedule 160 2S mm_|_ in a ose | as 360 | 0.145, 0.238 fae welding installation. The marking of bushings and plugs is nbt required by this Standard. 4.14 Specific Marking. The marking shall include (bat is not limited (0) the fotlowing: (algManufacturer's Name of Trademark (o)’Material Klewification. Material shall be idea fied in accordance with the marking requirements of either, the appropriate ASTM Fittings Specifications A234, A 403.4 42d, oF B 306, c¢ the appropriate ASTM Forging ‘Specifications A 105. A 182. A 330 B 160, B 164, or other applicable forging Specification of Table 1, ASME/ANSI Bi6.34 (see pans5.1). fey Prduct Conformance Fivings covered under para, 1.1.1 shall be marked with eter the ASTM Fittings Specilication material identification (e.TOSSHOHSEEEEHEHOHCHCC OOH OHH OCOCOO OOOO OEO®S ASME 816.1-1996 “WP ___") or the symbol “B16” to denote confor- mance to this Standard. Partial compliance fittings covered in para, 1.1.2 ‘marked with ASTM forging identification (A 105, A 182, A 350, etc.) shall not be marked B16, Partiai compliance fiings covered in” para. 1.1.2 ‘marked with ASTM Fitting Specification (A 234, A 403, ‘A420, and B 366) shall be marked with the number of the applicable ASTM Specification Supplementary Requirement covering special or nonstandard fittings. (d) Class Designation. 2000, 3000, 6000, or 9000, as applicable. Altematively, the designation 2M, 3M, ‘6M, or 9M, as applicable, may be used where M stands for 1000. (€) Size. The nominal pipe size related to the end connections. 4.1.2 Omission of Markings. Where size and shape of fittings do not permit all ofthe above markings, they may be omitted in the reverse order given above. 5 MATERIAL 5.1 Standard Materials ‘The material for fiuings shall consist of forgings, bars, seamless pipe, or tubular products which conform to the requirements for melting process, chemical com- position requirements, and mechanical property require- ments of the forging product form listed in Table 1, ASME BI6.34, including notes. 5.2 Nonstandard Materials When fitings made of other materials reference this Standard for nonstandard coverage, they should be marked as agreed upon by manufacturer and purchaser, and shall not include the identification specified in paras, 4.1.1(b) and 4.1.1(¢) of this Standard (see Annex B) 6 DIMENSIONS 1 General Unless otherwive noted, the dinensions for 90 welding fitings given in Tables 3 cunt A@ and the séiweusiony For dealer fiuinys given in Tables 5.6, 7. AS. AG. and AT are aesninal values sand yubject“to the designated manutscturing tolerance" FORGED FITTINGS, SOCKET-WELOING AND THREADED 6.2 Socket Fittings 6.2.1 Body Wall Thickness. The body wall thick- ness of socket-welding fittings shall be ecual to or greater than the values, G, shown in Tables 4 and A4. 6.2.2 Socket Wall Thickness. The socket wall average thickness and minimum thickness shall be no less than the corresponding values, C, shown in Tables 4 and Ad, 6.2.3 Socket Position. The fixed position for the bottom of the socket with reference to the centerline Of the socket-welding fitting shall be maintained as ‘required by the dimensions, A, of Tables 4 and A4 For reducing fittings, see para. 6.5. 6.2.4 Socket Depth. The socket depth shall be no less than the minimum values, J, shown in Tables 4 and A4, 6.2.5 Socket Bore. The inside surface of the socket bore shall present a good workmanlike finish that is free of burrs 6.2.6 Perpendicularity. The end flats of socket- ‘welding fitings shall be at right angles to the socket axis, 6.2.7 Width. The forging radius shall not reduce the width of the flat welding surface to less than the value shown in Fig. 2 6.3 Threaded Fittings 6.3.1 Wall Thickness. The body or end wall thick- ness of threaded. fittings shall be equal to or greater than the minimum values, G, as shown in Tables 5, AS, oF AG. 6.32 Internal Threading, All ftings wit internal threads shall be threaded with American National Stan- ard Taper Pipe Threads (ANSU/ASME B 1.20.1), Varia ‘ions i@ threading shall be limited to one tum large or ne! wm small from the gaging notch when using wworkigg gages. The reference point for gaging is the starting end of the fing, providing the chamfer does hot exceed the major diameter of the internal thread, When.a chamfer on the intemal thread exceeds this Limit, the reference pain becomes the best thread seraich in the chamfer cone 6.3.3 External Threads. Ail extemally threaded listings shall oe threaded swith Aunsriean National Stan: fen ‘Caper Pip: “Threads (ANSI/ASME BI.20. the variation in threading shall be limited to one ge ge de turn small from theFORGED firTiNcs, | ‘SOCKET. WELDING AND THREADED when usp, working gtges. The referenoe point for sesing ifthe end of (he tread. 6.3.4 |Countersink or Chamfer. All internal threads shall be countersunk distance not less than fone-half {he pitch of the thread at an angle of approxi- mately 4b deg. with the axis of the thread, and all external fureads shall be chamfered at an angle of 30 deg. to 4} deg. from the axis, for the purpose of easier entrance jn making a joint and for protection of the thread, Chuntersinking and charnfering shall be concen: tic with|tne threads. ‘The length of threads specified in all tablps shall be mgasured to include te countersink ‘or chaméfr, Cflars of both socket-welding and threaded fiwings sill be such that they overlap the crotch area as illustrifed in the sketches in Tables 4, Ad, and AS. 6.5 Redwcing Fittings Reducifs fittings shill have the same center-to-end, center-to-hottom of sogket, band diameter, and outside ‘ASME 816.11-1996 FIG. 2| WELDING GAP AND MINIMUM FLAT DIMENSIONS FOR SOCKET- WELDING FITTINGS dinmeters as the uniform size fiuing corresgonding to the largest size end connection of the reducing fitting, 7 TOLERANCES 7.1 Additional Tolerances Tolerances in addition to those listed in Tables 4, 5.6, 7, Ad, AS, AG, and AT, 7.1.1 Concentricity of Bores. The socket and fiting bores shall be concentric within a tolerance of 0.8 mm (0.03 in.) for all sizes. Opposite socket bores shall be concentric within a tolerance of 1.5 mm (0.06 in.) for all sizes 7.1.2 Coincidence of Axes. The maximum allow- able variation in the alignment of the fitting bore and socket bore axes shall be 1.0 mm in 200 mm (0.06 in. in 1 (). The maximum allowable variation in alignment of thceads shall be 1.0 mm in 200 mm (0.06 ia. in | f0), 8 TESTING 8.1 Proof Testing Proof testing for fitings made from standare materials, is not required by this Standardvee 7 2.» 27F FORGED FITTINGS, ‘SOCKET-WELOING ANO THREADED se ‘SONLLLY DNIGTAM-BIDOS ¥ TTEVL 09 Suydneg-si8H — Suyidneg ogg “Sep Sy ‘ASME 816.11-1998 eeFITTINGS, lWELDING AND THREADED A i g i TABLE 5 FORGED THREADED FITTINGS “ bal ‘ASME 816,11-1996 45 deg. Elbow Center fo End Eloows Tees | Center to End | Outside Diameter of | Minimum Watt | Length o Creve we bow ond Thickness | “Thwend a c ie c sho 2000 | 00e_| sao | 2000 | 2000 | 6000 | 2000 [3000 | s000 | 2000 | 2000 | sooo |e | ws a} a] =|) ) wi) 2] 2] a |awt aw} ox] oa) 07 | | m/w |v | a | a] a | 22 | ae [ 320] ceo] os | woe z| w|i wf a] a | | e| a | aw] as| oa| 91 | io ze | a] a] a | 2 | a | 2] a | ae | aie | doo] ors |s09 | 196 si] ae] a | as | 2 | 33 | a | a | se | ate | azz] oss fizz | 130 sa | ae] st | a | as | 3s | ae | se | oo | see | tee] cos | ter | iz aq | sr | so | a | a | a@ | S| Ge} 95 | 200 | S20) s089| 170 | 120 si | eo] ox | as | a3 | a | co] %5| oe | aor | sso] tro | is | ioe cy |e | so | a | ae | se | os | ae | re | a27 | nae | iz0s| wo | wo va | as | os | so | se | oa | 2] woz | aor | ser | re5| te20 | ane | 230 _o6 | 9 | we | cx | ee | 90 | 100} tar | tae | Soe | cee | reo | 259 | 205 roo} | & — [rrod | ste | tte | tm | 95 | 35 | tee | ase | tee | eas | atte | ter | 279 | 30 (GENERA. NOTE: Dimensions are in millimeters Notes: (1) Dimasion @ is minimum length of perfect thread. The length of usetd thread (B plus thveads with fully formed roots and Hat resp) shal not be ess than L; (effective length of external tvead) required by American National Standard for Pipa Threads (ANGVASME 81.20.11 Soe Soction 6.3 273 ecoeoevoeneeeceseeoseeeoeeeeeeseeeeseseeeeseSCHOSCSCHOHCSCECHOHTEHECOKEC ECHO OHSHOECEHEOSEOEEHE ‘ASME B16.11-1996 Foncet ITTINGS, SOCKET-WELDING AND THREADED Hatt Coupling cep TABLE 6 THREADED FITTINGS! Todo tod] nd End Outside ed Wa ‘ih ot Cousines | tape Diameter | Thetneee Min. | Throne Bn Nom w . ° 3 a Pipe 7 on_| Ske | soooanasooo | ato | eooo | aon | ooo | 2000 | eo | 6 | uy € 2 | # we) a2 | as]... [ea 7 ; & |alalel #] &)al a) ° 3 elm | 2) @] a | of | oh | te 4 & z | ih | m] 3] a) 33 | ea | as S a » | | &) a] ee] a3 | as | a8 z co a |S | 2) 3 | so | aa | a 1 a = a] & | oo] a] 8 | ue | te | ue S & | a] S| a] ae | ad | ee | ae s & | os | me | ae | ue | we | wo | ae = = co | & | a | se | ts | too | ase | ao = 108 cs |g | vs, | ur | iso | ae | ao | Sos ” ta se | cs | wo | wo | as | we | oy | 0 [GENERAL NOTE: Dimensions are in ilimeters NOTES: (2) Class 2000 and ONG Ciass 6000 couplings, half couplings, and caps are ndt included in this Stand. {2} Dimansion B is minimum length of perfect thread. The longth of usefuNthvead (@ plus threads with fully formed roots end flat crest} hall not be less than Lz fetlective length of external thread) requiced by American National Standard for Pipe Threads (ANSVASME 1.20.1) See Section 6.3. 2FYPHOS SHHOHSEHHSHSHOSHOHSEHSOHHSSCHHHEES ve 9 vs 1 z vans, ' enw ABI aun we pods SIOQWNN Wit oneWenY PUe SIBQWNN WHL—y aqeL wNse61 om sit "wont 08 oireaetv sav |stee Gare VaLvES—FLaNao ANO BUTT-WELDING ENOS, BOLTED ANO PRESSURE SEAL BONNETSGeoececowscceeGevssceevcvc eS @eeoeeaeveeoeeee Pret - 604 APPENDIX A—DISC-TO-PIPE CLEARANCES ‘The maximum diameter of a concentric-type disc for a given size of valve and a given inside diameter of the con necting pipe or flange shall be determined as follows: First, calculate the chord of the dise with the following equa a=d-2e ‘Then use the result to determine the maximum disc diame- ‘ter with the following equation: d= Lira Where: ‘a = chord of the dise in an open position, in nches (millimeters), as determined by the intersection of a plane through the installed face of the valve body (see Figure A-1). ¢ = nominal radial clearance between the disc and the inside of the pipe or flange, in inches (mili- meters), when the disc and valve are concentri- cally located (see Table A-1 and Figure A-1). d= inside diameter ofthe connecting pipe or flange, in inches (millimeters). (The inside diameter of Ee the stel pipe may be determined by subtracting the nominal wall thickness from the out- side diameter, using the appropriate dimensions listed in ASME B36.10M.) ‘maximum dise diameter, in inches (millimeters). ‘minimum installed face-to-face, dimension of the + valve, in inches (millimeters). [Nite 1:-Te calculation above asomes concent: lction of the die and That inthe valve body, Equant nominal aia cearanes eal be po- ‘Yaod for xzente or ofiet shat consrection at all angles of ise aon, [Nose 2: Figure A-1 shows dimensional locations for concen type com Tocion Figure A.2 shows the pomenclatre fr and explains feet ‘Speccmutrson Figure A3 inoue the relatos of wed te! pie ‘choses to valve eatery sa, and ASME ls. 1 Figure A-1—Dimensional Locations for Concentric. ‘Type Construction (Category A) y. ‘Table A-1—Nominal Radial Clearances... ae ‘Nominal Radial Clearance, © nena ns) Thad Taine ee ee #20 oi 30 Jf 8 025 64 231ene e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e- e e e e e e e e e e e e . AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS FOR PRODUCT SIZES Preferred Thicknesses for Uncoated Thin Flat Metals (Under 0.250 In,).. 832.1-19521R1994) Preferred Diameters for Round Wire — 0.500 Inches and Under 832.2-19691R1994) Preferred Metric Sizes for Flat Metal Products... 832.3M-19841R1994) Preferred Metric Sizes for Round, Square, Rectangle and Hexagon Metal Products .... 832.4M-1980(R1994) Preferred Metric Sizes for Tubular Metal Products Other Than Pipe ..... B32.5-19771R1994) Preferred Metric Equivalents of Inch Sizes for Tubular Metal Products Other Than Pipe 832.6M-1984(R 1994) Welded and Seamless Wrought Stee! Pipe 836.10-1996 Stainless Stee! Pipe... 836.19M-1985(R1994) The ASME Publications Catalog shows a complete list of all the Standards published by the Soviety. For a complimentary catalog, or tne latest information about our publications, call 1-800-THE-ASME (1-800-843-2763), wie 283ee ASME Ser: es, ge AAME is commited to developing and delivering technical information. 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Additional procedures for inquiries Jay be listed within, e e e e e e e e e e e e e e‘ASME 836,10M-1996 WELDED AND SEAMLESS WROUGHT STEEL PIPE 1 SCOPE ‘This Stundard covers the standardization of dime sions of welded and seamless wrought steel pipe for high of low temperatures and pressures The word pipe is used as distinguished trom ube 1 apply to tubular products of dimensions commonly used for pipeline and piping systems. Pipe dimensions of sizes 12 in, and smaller have outside diamete rumerically karger tian corresponding sizes. In con the outside diameters of tubes ae numerically identical to the size auniber for all sizes 2 SIZE “The size of all pipe is idontiied by the nominal Pipe sie "The manufacture of pipe NPS Yq ix base om standardized outside diameter (OD). Tis OD was originally selected so that pipe wth a sandand OD sand having. a wall thickness which wis (pic! of the. pefid would ave. an inside diameter (ID) approximnitely equal 13 the nominal size. AlNough there ino ch felaton between the exsingsondard thickness — OD and nominal size — these nomial sizes and standard ODs continue in use as "standard, ‘The manufacture of pipe NPS 14 und larger proceeds ‘on the basis ofan OD corresponding tothe nominal size NPS 12 inclusive 3 MATERIALS ‘The dimensional standards for pipe described here are for products covered in the ASTM and API specif cations listed in Table 1 4 WALL THICKNESS ‘The nominal wall thicknesses are given in Table 7 5 WEIGHTS ‘The nominal weights of steel pipe are calculated values and are cabulated in Table 2. ‘The nominal plain end weight, in pounds per foot. is calculated using the following formula: * Woe = 10.690 = He where Wy = nominal plain end weight rounded to the nearest O01 Ib/I D. = outside diameter to the nearest 0.001 in. (he symbol Dis to be used for OD only in thematic equations or forsialts) 1 = specitied wall thickness rounded est 0.001 in w the near rend mass, in kilo formula The nominal pk ms per meter is calculated using the Follow Wye = OUE6AISID = Fe where Wye = nominal plain end weight rounded the nearest O01 kyla 1D = outside diameter 1 the neaes: 0.1 mm for outside diameters which are 16 in. and smaller and (0 the nearest 1.0 mm For outside diameters larger than 16 in. (dhe symbol D is to be used for OD only in mathematical equations formulas) 1 = specitied wall thickness rounded to the near est 0.01 mm 6 PERMISSIBLE VARIATIONS Variagons in dimensions differ depending upon the method of manufacture employed in making the pipe to the various specifications listed in Table |. Permissible variations for dimensions are indicated in each speciti- cation 7 PIPE THREADS Unless otherwise specified, the threads of threaded pipe shall conform ' ANSI/ASME B1,20.1, Pipe Threads, General Purpose (Inch Schedules 5 and 10 wall thicknesses donot permit thyeadige in accordance with ANSVASME BI.20.1 285°1 896.10M-1996 /ALL THICKNESS DESIGNATIONS. he wall thickness designations Standard, Extra- ng, and Double Extra-Strong have been commer- ly used designations for many years. As explained in Foreword, the Schedule Numbers were :ubsequently led as a convenient designation for use in ordering b. Standard and Schedule 40 are identical for up 10 inclusive. All larger sizes of Standard have Jn. wall thicknesses. Extra-Strong and Schedule 80 identical for up to NPS 8 inclusive. All larger sizes tra-Strong have Ys in, wall thicknesses. pe of sizes ‘and wall th Standard, Extra-Strong, and Double Extra-§ Schedule Number were adopted from API Speciti- nesses other than those WELDED AND SEAMLESS WROUGHT STEEL PIPE cation SL. It was not considered practical to establish Schedule Numbers or new designations for them. 9 WALL THICKNESS SELECTION Wiea the selection of wall thickness cepends primar ily upon capacity to resist intemal pressere under given conditions, the designer shal! compute the exact value of wall thickness suitable for conditions For which the pipe is required, as prescribed in detail in the ASME. Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, ASME B31 Code for Pressure Piping, or other similar codes. whichever govems the construction, A thickness shall be selected from Table 2 to st ue computed to fulfill the conditions for which the pipe is desires @eesevsneaeeeeeeoeoeooeeseeeeeeeeeeeseenedWELDED AND SEAMLESS WROUGHT STEEL PIPE ASME 836.108 1996 TABLE 1 APPLICABLE PIPE SPECIFICATIONS. asi or AP Desigeation o ASTM A593 ‘ck end Hot Dipped, Zin Coates, Welded and Seamiess Stee! Pipe ASTM A 105 Seamless Carbon Ste! Pipe for High-Temperature Service asta 120 Black and Hot Dipped Zne-Coated (Galvanized Welded and Seamless Stee Pipe fr Ordinary Uses ASTA 124 Elocve Fusion (rc) Weed Stel Pipe (Sites NPS 16 and Over ASTM A 135 Elocrc Resistance Welded Stee Pine Asti a 139 Electric Fusion (Are) Welded Stes Pipe (NPS & and Over astm a2 SpitaL Welded Ste! o Kon Pipe ASTM Aai2 Seamless and Weide Austenitic Stainless Steel Pies ASTM A223 Seamlass and Welded Stee! Pips fr Low Temperature Service ASTM A235 Seamless eric Alloy Sto! Pipe for High-Temperatre Service ASTM A258 Elocvie Fusion Wold Austenitic Chromium Nicks Alloy Stel Pipe for High Tempratre Service asta A269 Carbon and Frttc Alloy Stes Frged and Bore Pipe for High Temperature Service ASTM A276 Seamiess Austen Sioa Pipe fr High-Temperature Centra Station Service ASTM A381 Meroe Welded Steal Pipe for Use With High Pressure Transmission Systems Asm A 405 Seamless Ferric Alloy Stet Pipa Specially Heat Treated for High-Temperature Sesice ASTM A 409 Welded torge Diameter Austenitic Soe Pipe for Cortosve or High Temperature Service asm 430 /Austonitic Steel Forged at Bored Pipe for High-Temperature Serves Ast A 523 Plain End Seamless and Electvi-Resstarce:Walded Ste! Pip fr High-Pressure Pipe-Tpe Cab Creuite ASTM A 524 Seamless Carbon Stel Pipe for Atmospheric and Lower Temporatres ASTM A 530 General Reauirements for Specialized Carbon and Alloy Stee! Pipe ASTM Agr Etectie Fusion Welded Sine Pipe for Atmospheric and Lowor Temperatures ASTM A672 Etecrie Fusion Welded Stes Pipe fr High Prasure Service a Moderate Temperteres ASTM A691 Carbon and Aly Stel Poe, Electric Fusion. Welded for High-Pressure Service at Hoh “Temperatures . ASTM A716 High Strongth Low Alloy Weide and Seamless Ste! Pipe ASTM A731 Seamless, Welded Feri, and Maronite Stsnlss Stee Pipe ASTM A 790 Seomless and Welded FeriiAustenite Stainless Steal Pipe ASTM A 795, Black and Hot-Dipped Zinc-Coated (Gaivanized} Welded and Suamless Steel Pipe for Fire. Pretnstion Use Amst Line Pipe : 28%(SME 836.10N-1995 WELDED AND SEAMLESS WROUGHT STEEL PIPE TABLE 2| DIMENSIONS AND WEIGHTS OF WELDED AND SEAMLESS WROUGHT STEEL PIPE ‘Customary Units Identification 1 Units Standard (STD) Extra Strong (XS) Outside Wall Plain End Doub! Wall Plain End NPS Diameter, Thickness, Weight, Extra-Strong oN Thickness, Mass, tNote (Mt in. in. t/t (xs) {ote (2it am kgim % 405 0.089 0.19 10 124 028 ve 9.405 0.057 021 30 vas, 32 405 0.068 026 sto 40 173 037 % 405 (0.095 031 XS 80 241 oar % 540 0.005 033 10 137 185, 04s Ye 4540 0.073 0.36 30 137 185 5a % 540 0.088 04 sto “0 137 2a 063 % 0540 0.119 ost XS 80 is 202) 080 % 0675 0.065 0.42 10 10 ma 185, 063 % 9675 0.073 047 30 10 m1 185, 0.70 % 9675 0.091 057 sto 40 10 wm 231 08a oA 0675 (0.126 0.74 xs 80 10 ma 320 110, % 840 0.065 05a 5 15 213, 165 ogo % 240 0.089 087 10 15 ovat Bai 1.00 % 840 0.095 076 0 6 2300 2at wiz % 840 0.109 os sto 40 15 ua 127 % 840 o.1a7 103 xS 80 18 23 ana 162 y ado 0.188 43 160 15 23 48 1.95 % eso 0.298 in XXxS : 15 31a? 255 % 050 0.065 0.69 5 20 267 165 103 % 1050 0.083 0.86 10 20 267 zu 128, % 1050 0.095 os? 30 20 26.7 2ar saa % 1050 0.113 413 sto 40 20 267 2873.69 % 1050 0.154 187 xs 80 20 267 391 220 u {950 0.219 194 160 20 26.7 556 230 a 050 0.308 244 XXxS 20 267 782 364 1 1315 0.085 087 5 25 34 185, 130 1 4315 0.109 1.40, 10 5 ma 277 209 1 yas one 1.46, 0 28 m4 290 218 1 431s 0.133 1.68 sto io 25 334. 338 2.50 1 4315 0.179 27 xs 80 8 me 455 328 1 13150250 294 160% 5 34 635 428 1 13150358 3.66 XxS, . Fey 334.809 5.45, % 1.660 0.085 1a & 32 422 165 185 % 1.660 0,109 var 10 32 eae 271] 270 "% 4660 0.117 193 30 32 az 297 287 % {e80 0.140 27 31D 40 a2 122 356 2.39 ™% 660 0.191 3.00 xs a9 32 422 438 aa7 % {860 0.250 376 160 a2 42200635 561 ™% ja60 0.382 *5.21 XxS z 32 422870 mm % {900 0.065 1.28 5 40 483, 165, 191 Me {300 9.169 209 10 an Mase ast % {300 0.125 237 . 0 49 300 be 353 ' 238 eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeeseseeeseoseneeoge{LDED AND SEAMLESS WROUGHT STEEL PIPE ASME 836.104.1996 e TABLE 2 DIMENSIONS AND WEIGHTS OF WELDED AND SEAMLESS WROUGHT STEEL PIPE e (conr) e ‘Customary Units Identification ‘SI Units == Standard ($101 e entra Strong XS) Outside | wall Pisin End Dounte Outside Wal tnd WS Diameter, Thickness, ‘Weight. ExtreStong Schedule ON Diamatet, Thickness, ant Mute a re xs! No (Note 21) mm mm kale @% > 00 ows an st a3 1h t900 oz 33 x8 om 83 gos Sat @ i tata wo se 35 Mh tg tases o 83 sas e 2 2.375 0.065 161 s 50 60.3, 1.65 2a) 2 das oon Bo 2 ae sat wo aa ef Bt Ds 2 ams or a6 so 03388 eo: 2375 oss 3.65 st 40 50 603 3a Sat 2 bs ot tos aaa ee) 83 tet e: ams ozs st2 xs ake 2 aa taba? aba 2 bas at Baa % a3 ote e: aaa Tae wo ae 2 Es oss 308 xs 5 3. ttor 3c 2% 2s oom 2a fee ones oro eetses @2% 2875 0.108 a2 05 7300277 480 2h 2875 0.120 353 10 65 73.0 3.05 5.26 et tm tie ae & 30 ate ae 2h 2.875 0.14) 412 65 730 3.58 6.13 @, 2875 0.186 453 65 30 3.96 6.74 2 aes bin aa & oa tae @% «tes oe Sao Reese) | raveee cade Tand 2 tas tas B30 a Sas e 2% 2875 0.216 6.13 65 730 549 914 eo: 2.875 0.250 701 65 730 6.35 10.44 ah 2875 0.276 7.66 xs 80 6 73.0 701 at 2h 2875 0.375 10.01 160 65 73.0 9.53 1492 @ 2s os thes C8 ate ta @: 250 cena eer eat 2 ao Bis 3s ® 3 aan eye, eee ts % 8 8 je. 38 3 3g usar o 83 ae be ®, 3.500 0141 506. 20 98.9 3.88 7.53 3 kam Gass ba ee a 30 awa saat 2 3g as, 3 sate Se @: 350 tate rsh io a bes basta @2 3500050 ws as, ss 2 3sm tar. 36 : setae 23m ta naa KS fo, seas 2 im owas aa q of santas Pe ee mm me ts2e Pras e : e | _| .—- a ee ASME 096 1996 WELDED ANO SEAMLESS WROUGHT STEEL PPE TABLE|2 DIMENSIONS AND WEIGHTS OF WELDED AND SEAMLESS WROUGHT STEEL PIPE 6 (conr) Guatomary Unite Taentfiaton Sint ' Standard (STO) Extra-Strong (XS) e side Wall Pain End Double Outside wall Phin End NPS lomater, Thickness, Weight. ExtaStrong Schedule ON Diameter, Thickness, Mass Cy inotetnt [in ime xs No. (Note 2h wm im a [som ojos 3.48 5 wis S18 « 3 [Soo lima 3 wie as 34 4.000 01120 497 0 018. 2.40 e 2; [dom os 57 we mn e 3 aon oer sa wie ase as Ho y, [dom oss ad wie 338 Ve 3; [dom Gra 703 wis 37a Yom oh 08 20 wre 48 nat S a xe 3 [som ozs a1 0 we sm 1387 ~ 34 4000 0,250 10.01 wis 6.35 1492 (@ foo gan 6 wore he 2; [tom ota ta80 xs 0 wis Gan e 2 [eso olen 392 smo gat e ¢ [so ato tw a2 Tae \ 4 [so uo 588 ea 356 {8800 Ghia Saa im aa 3Ne an e 4 4500 lta 656 100 1430358 an ae ¢ [4500 ots hae wo aa 395078 ) & [8500 ore. 738 fo aa arts e re Pe mea aT 4 4500 oj209 932 yo 143 5813.88 e & [500 oz 0s foo aa S58 aan ee Pee ea 802. ter e Pa ec ed foo Maa Sas Ye 280 oat 286 foo a She e + [4500 ogi2 tage 1 ats 078 e| 2 [4500 aay ae xs co tt 858 2a 5 2/4500 ase ts.00 im feds 82 e 2 [soo dar 221 1 faa tase C ra eo wo aaah : el! 5 [Sasa dime So mB wow e| 5 [Sse as 728 Dis ins 380 s [Sse gie a7 wma aan e s [Sse diss 1 VRS a dese 5 aes 10.79 125 wis 478 1509 e 5 de 1280 Wd 550 5 dae as? STO wo Md bss aa e| 5 drt teas, aka $ dae 780 Ms) 1d 79205 e s [sss gaan ws a ames 5 556i 0.35 20.78 xs. 80 138 nana 953 3097 e 5 [ese sto zoe wo sido 5 sem dezs 3286 1 ie aia ea a ce 5 [Ss ars ass as 1} isos Sra Wiig veered Biss pon sntne nenD AND SEAMLESS WROUGHT STEEL PIPE ASME 836. 10M.1996 4@ TABLE 2 DIMENSIONS AND WEIGHTS OF WELDED AND SEAMLESS WROUGHT STEEL PIPE (conr’D) ¢ Customary Units identification St Unite Standaed (STO) Extra‘Strong (XS) Outside Wall Plain End Double Outside Wall Plain End Diameter, Thickness, Weight. Extra-Strong Schedule DN Diameter, Thickness, Nass, in a ‘oie xs No. (Note (2mm mm kg/m 6625 008s 520 oy oo 865 6625 0.108 7.60 10 ese | 7 na 6625 0.125, 8.58 150 was 318 1295 6625 ont 929 150 wes 3401384 6625 oat 276 101683 ass asa 8625 0.186 10.78 180 8833.96 605 8625 0.172 1185 150 1663) ath | 767 65250188 192 150 wes 4781927 6625 0203 1392 150 1683 20.76 86250219 18.98 150 1683 2231 6525 0250, v.02 1501633 25.38 6625 0280 1897 101683 2875 6620312 208 150 1683 sre 6625 03s 23.08 1801683 3439 662 0375 25.03 150 168.3 3731 6625 oasz 2857 101683 8256 6623 0500 3271 168.3 4873 8625 0562 (36.39 1501683 5420 6625. 0825 40.05 1501683 59.69 625 o719 4535 160 10 168325786 66250750 «47.06 50 16831905 0.17 6625 0864 53.16 XxS iso 168321957922, 662 087s 53.73 180 8372238007 j 8625 0.109 993 5 20 aera? ta79 3625 01125 1135 200 0291318683 862018 13.40 | 2000281375996, 8250156 an 200 2181396 ator 862 ot88 16.98 20 82191478528 625 0.209 18.26 : 200 ©2191 8.18 are aes 0219, 19565 200 ©2191 556828 3625 0750-2238 te aes 02772470 go’ 200281738 ses 0312 27.70 : 2000812 Had \ 862 oz (2855 sto eet ee cer Bez one 30.42 2000021918785 38 3625 0375 3304 2000279195345 25, 62 0406 35.64 ao 7 tt | os | seen se 043s 38.30 zo ata Sta 8625 0500 +43.39 xs 8 200281270 wage 62 oss2a.40 200078127 rm 3528 os9a 5095 tuo 200 © 2191509752 Ber 062s 5.40 m 671838358 Bers orig. 6071 . vo +300 218128" Oh 241ASME 636.1DM-1996 WELOED AND SEAMLESS WROUGHT STEEL PIPE TABLE|2 DIMENSIONS AND WEIGHTS OF WELDED AND SEAMLESS WROUGHT STEEL PIPE (CONT'D) ‘Gastomary Unit ‘entieaion SrUnits Standard (STO) extra Strong (XS) utside al Plain End Doub ousite NPS ffiameter, Thigkness, Weight, ExtraStrong Schedule ON Diameter, Thickness, Mass, tore tn [in inte xs No. (Note (2i)_mm.mm_kgfm 2 [acs oso 63.08 2079190583 98 8 fess daz 7.76 vo 3002120820082 8 [aes oes. maz 18 yo 291 afar 8 [ess os. «468 io 200g) 187 8 625 too hae go NST 84012133 10 fhorso—ohze 5.19 5 mo to fovso tse 175 oad ase 2828 1a flava hes 18.85 wm tao S278 ta fovsoatwe nat mo | 308783183 10 ho2so oan 22a wo m9 ate 8.0 10 farsa oate 20.3 io 30 $5835.83 12 oso 50 za.08 oad 838 TT 10 fos a7 31.20 so mao 703 ant 10 oso oor 3a yo O28 St 10 ho2so ose a3 20 © m0 a8 98 10 favs 068 ao aa sro «0 aaa 12 foo ase a ze mo 0707190 10 oso olso0 sara xs #30270 10 forse ses gas mo 030 4a 84.08 10 foro olsse gas 20 a0 150061 10 fos olgas, srs Bo 73058810073 10 ozs oyn9 7703 joo 3507730828 18275 10 fovso oat aa.18 ao 713020822838 10 fioaso dasa .29 io 03D hae 33058 so fovso ors a8, wo 0 mo RR 10 oso ose. 98:30 zo 3038) aaa 10 fovsa Sooo” soa 18 wo so 273054018515 to foso thas tts.6a Wo 35000 288A 1a fo7so 42502683 go tao N78 aa? 12 hese ose 2098 5, me 305 15 12 feo ov? aa mo 0 ae aaa 12 i280 Ohgo 2a7 to. 00s 4573600 12 (fi27s0 oes 25.22 +o Mae ae 12 feo oon. z.20 +o 385586 12 fa7s0 oats 2930 ae ee Td 12 f27s0 oso 33.38 no) so | 38 as 48.73 12 fiaso obey. ara mo 0 ae e587 12 fiarsoorz atts mo eg fag, obw a7 wo mesa a38 8520 12 flay oes asa jo ¢ 32380 ane 673 12 fags ons aa sto mo 32383527388 12 frazs0 tos sasz “9 masa 1979 12 fiawo las 5758 ms gees 12 fiz7s0 oso asa an ma 270, gra fiz se Ta, oa, mis 27" 10890 292eeeooeeeoead — “LDED AND SEAMLESS WROUGHT STEEL PIPE [ASME 836.10M-1996 TABLE 2, DIMENSIONS AND WEIGHTS OF WELDED AND SEAMLESS WROUGHT STEEL PIPE (CONT'D) Customary Unite 2 Isentification ‘SI Units Standard (STO) ExtraStrong (XSI Outside Wall Pain end Double Outside Wall Plain End NPS Diameter, ‘Thickness, Weight. Extra-Strong Schwdul. ON Diameter, Thickness, Mass. (nie ci ‘ire oxs) No. (Note (21) mm. kale 2127500675093 300 238s 2062 12 127500688 gag eo = 30053848 132.08, 12 1275007506 12, 3003238 905 tan 21 212750 0.012 10353 300 3238282 tg421 12 2750 owas o7.3e Yoo 3003238 ange 5991 2 12750 © 0875097 300° 3233227336837 2 12750 09381833, 300 338238) 178.33, 12 12750 1.000 125.48 xxS 120 © 300238540697 2 13780 106219257 300 238 289719748 12750 1.125 13867 wo 0238 28st 12 127501250, t53.88 300 323875 taza Ge eter 1a = ear 10300 m8 «392386 4 ta000 0.156 23.07 Ce ee ae a 4000 gas 27.73, 3503856478 an 38 42 14000 0203 2a 3503856 58a 4 14000 «0.210303 oT see coal se 4 1400219223, Oe 3c ore ral 1400002503671 Oe 50) ease] eas sass) ve ya000 0.281 ata 35035568 Tia g.35, 4 14000" one a5 2 3502858792290 M4 140000288 s0.17 a0 3555 ara 7.76 44° 14000-0375 S47 sto 3 80569 we 14000 0.405 Sa.8e 350003556) ua) an 78 “1000 oaaa gaa 4 3803556 Tass 4 14.000 04596778 0 hs tn09¢ 4 14000-0500 72.08 xs 350556. 197.98 14 14000-05620 30 3586 no. 1400005848505 6380 35551092671 4 140000625 gaz 3503556 ts88 0d 14. + 14000 0.688 87.81 350 35558 17481575 14 14000 0.750 106.13 35056 9S HSa10 6 ¥4000 oa12 11437 350 03555 20621023 14 14000 0.875 teas, S350 3556 2223275 4 14000 os 130.85, woo | 350 556 2383 tang 4 14000 1.000 3884 “35035585026 89 14 14000 1.062, 148.74 S30 5568 = 697s 4 140004094 150.79 0 3503556 2779 aes 14000 .125 184069 30. 3556 02858 aa 14 a0 1250-17021 fag ee 5555 317325356 1a ovo 1495 9.11 ee 4 14000 2.000 256.32 350 3555 5080 ats 14 140002125 36250 3503545 5338 ons @ ao 2.200 377.25 50 0 35 S5RB ANDO 140002500 S07 08 350 56 8350 357.40 2493ASME 836,108] 1996 WELDED AND SEAMLESS WROUGHT STEEL *1FE ‘Taste 2 | DIMENSIONS AND WEIGHTS OF WELDED AND SEAMLESS WROUGHT STEEL PIPE eC le | (CONT'D) estomary Units Tdentification ‘SI Units eo: Standard (STO) Fara Strong (XS) bd Orfside wall Plain End Doub Outside Wall Plain End NPS Diafnoter, Thickness. Weight, ExtraStrong Schedule ON Diameter, Thickness, Mass, e woe fe _te xs Non tote amt kgien ie 16 vepoo oe 270 sw eI] 1 tepoo Oe 38.75 fo fee 48738 e 1s tspoo Ozh 348 me 1s tepoo 071891 foo oat, 5856 1s tepoo. aasp 25 a oh eee ae 5 e 6 oo 0.281 ana oo mes | a a0) oe % oo oie 5227 to tea 782788 % leo Oak 5752 fm aude BET ® 6 jooo 0376 6258 sTD 30 400 406.4 953 9227 1e—telovo oa qo oes 8810670 e 1s sooo ova r280 mo aka ° 1 ovo oes 778 mes tien ates AS Ee euioook | osdien 807 xs wo tes 12390 16 1000 osez ©9268 too «0681427199, e@ 1s tooo eas t0263 to toga 15835298 . 1s rffooo ose «0750 fuk osteoid ees ine 6 tooo oss 11251 ‘400 40641748 161.65 , @ 13 ooo og 25 fm foee © 19088137 ) 1s tooo giz 379 foo dose 20821886 ° 18 foo oate 681 ao foo apes 20883 16 tHo0o ots ene ao aoa 22921060 _ @ we tooo 381808 fm fod 2080 Zaue ee met Ra Diet e 1s ooo tea tena io mand R286 13 tooo 062848 feo tose 269725235 ° en so ose 85820528, rr) 1 Hotes 8783 ito oes one 28000, 1s Hoon t2s 3288 iz acoso BRA e 18 Yoon 12403883 fo foee ats 18 foo aaa 22368 wo. itp. foe os BB 16 tooo 1.584 245.25 160 4004084 40.49 385.35 q |¢ 13 thon ape 3578 veo) 48 13 tho outs 4188 fo asr 5588180 e te Wpoon oak 738 wo * ior 838087 18 thooo oz) 5318, fey cone 1 cna | is faa coke sae i) cts a aera, at e 1s poo a3e Be? fo a7 878 B81 13 poo bars. SID Sof fs) 950 RB e te poo od 1828 rm tn 6 ‘hoo 0.438 82.15 0 “7 Wag 12238 e 1s fpooo Gas grat ore via een aaa 1s jon oso sas st fy 9.8 ee 'e 294 epant RYELOEO ANO SEAMLESS WROUGHT STEEL PIPE ASME 836-104-1986 TABLE 2 DIMENSIONS AND WEIGHTS OF WELDED AND SEAMLESS WROUGHT STEEL PIPE e (conT‘D) e Castomary Units ‘dentifeaton| Suni | Standard (STO) e Extra'Strong (XS) Outside Wall ptain End Double Outside Wall Phin End © 875, Diameter, Thickness, ‘Weight. ExtrasStrong Schedule ON Thickness, oss, {note (nh in inte toxsh No. tote ci tm karo @ is t2000 0862 toner 60s) ay 6880 18 goo tars so so et eh ria @ 1% i000 G50 tara sya sae 1 tao oso 3a? fo os) os ste 18 18000 ose 14906 oe aes i @ = bao oars ison ss) 23 1 ao00 O38 02 Bo oe ee Pe so? 2a e 18 18.000 1.062 192.11 450, 457 26.97 286.00 | 1 i8o00 2s on78 meee Eten i 12 $8000 tse 20798 ee @w vao00 | 11a8 21339 350 “7 3018 31166 @ ie e000 200 aaa 457347 ' i tooo 13% ae i20 ne | @ 12 e000 ser araze ‘0 Sr er | 18 18000 178730850, 60 457 a5.2¢ | 202000. oss 878 Ss sos ass @ % om ba ear So Son S58 gas 2 © gout wo 50 Soa gas Tas @ 2 Bo om te S00 let) ere ce ol is oom oa esa mo 0 essa aT @ io 000 03 raat 500 S08 a7” 0760 z zoo 37s Ta sio PN @ 2% oom os tes So Sasa teas 3 doo = assist So Ste tts a7 i ee soo Sts atta 70 @ 2% 0 50 aes xs Pr ee ee 3 oom osez— sr + Sm Soe tea tae oom ose ta een coe cea Wm — 20.00 0625 129.33 500 508 18319271 2 20000 Oa tai 90 So oss tt 20 20000 075015439 S500 508 as08—zza20 @ xo 2000 0312 166.40, 60 500 508 2062 24783 2 ooo = 087572 so fos na ez @ 2% — 20.000 093819096 500 508-33 (2eas2 zo inom = tose, aaa.aa fo S00 thao a 20 20.000 1.021 208.87 80 soo’ 508 26.19 aay we 2 0m oe Fhe so sms aea? 92 zoom tas are soo Sus m99 | D 3 2000 = ige oe Soo 803 B08 aa Wi = 200001259 250.31 500 508 21531286 2 24s[ASME 836]100. 1996, WELDED AND SEAMLESS WROUGHT STEEL PIPE TABLE 2 DIMENSIONS AND WEIGHTS OF WELDED AND SEAMLESS WROUGHT STEEL PIPE (conT’D) ‘Customary Units Identification ‘Stuns ‘Standard (STD) Extra Strong (XS) Outside | Wall Plain End ouble Outeide Wall Plain End nes Diameter, Thickness, Weight, Extra-Strong Schedule ON Diameter, Thickness, Mass, {Note (1) | in ia, tote 00%S) No. (Note (2mm mm kg/m 20 | 20000 h2er 256.10 100° 500508 328438159 20 | 20000-4312, (261.86 500508, naz 39003, 20 | 20000375 27ast 500 508, 349320749 20 | 20000 1500 296.37 20 500508 ger atta 20 | 20.000 750 3an.09 140500508 saas sont 20 | 20000969 373.17 160 500508 5001 56eat 22 | 22000 pres a3. 80 5 559 47a sz 22 | 22000 2a soe 559 5557588 22 | 22.000 © 2505807 10 559 635865 22 | 22.000 © p2e165.8 559 pia 977 22 |[ 2200 © pa 227 559 p92 10783 22 | 22000 pass 1950 559 374 1860 22 | 22000375 aset sto 20 559 953 12913 22 | 22.000 bans. s363 559 wx 43950 22 | 22.000 © paze—— 10086 559 nag 35037 22 | 22.000 © pass 10785 559 nist 16088 22 | 22.000 5004 xs 30 559 1270.09 22 | m2.000 58287 559 142719169 22 | 22.00 © pes a2. 68 559 138821269 22 | 22000 ses 158.60 559 Vag 23343 22° | 22000 9.750 7021 559 1905 259.65 22 | 22000 pare 183.75 S 559 zos2 27376 22 | 2200 ars 97a 60 ea 27a +- 29025 22 | 2200038 211.00 559 waa 31a.a9 22 | 22.000 foo 22428 559 2540 33423, 22 | 22.000 052 237.48 559 2697 3sa4 22 | 22000 4.128 25081 80 559 zs 37383 22 | 22000 f.188 264.06, 559 aot 39057 22 | 2200 © 1.250 «277.01 559 3175 41281 2 | 2200-5312 289.88 559 B32 43198 22 | 22.000 13750288 106 559 3493 asi.az zz | 22000 ass 31579, 2 559 3653 47066, 22 | 72.000 1500 aan.at : 559 3810 489.41 22 | 72.000 625 353.81 120, 559 4123 52702 22 | 72.000 875 403.00, 140 559 4763 60083, 22 | 22.000 B15 48106, 160 559 5398 67228, 24 | 28000 2185.37 55a 827 24 [28000250 gaat 7 oo 335 Ass 24 | 24000 0281 n8 600+ 610 71a 108.15 24 | 2.000.312 7895 500610 79211788 za || 2.000. bsee et 600 a0 ara 32959 24 | 24000 37s at? sr 2 cml | 50 953 an 24 | 24.000 40630231 : 500 610 wos. 15247 24 '| 24000 asso? 150 610 ma 36437 REREBBERRREERE‘WELDED AND SEAMLESS WROUGHT STEEL PIPE ASME 835.10M-1996 TABLE 2 DIMENSIONS AND WEIGHTS OF WELDED AND SEAMLESS WROUGHT STEEL PIPE iconr} _ Teniaion Standard (S70) eso 8) Outside Wat Phineas ml Out wan ne Nes inmeter Thickness, ‘Weigh Extvng Schedule ON cea, yi, ain tnote an en ine eS exsr® SN uty Demat Tine, Mase — i oo 61a) 7808 Bio ames So alone % ammo se ance ie mse - F bio en a fre 2 nema 0750969 so SS Lr % mo oe ao % dagen 3508 iy seas x Roo 3 hase Sze _ _ _—S—e soe mo lee oy S78 a Seto tee fon FLL oa 2% amo 12s Ss tee 2 asa 1250 a0071 sem a mo) oa tn s22s a ao 39 % Mme 1300 spas _ ser30 hao a3 mmo 339 _ wove hi a3 2 28000 ss78 ea me = fee wan few seas ® 26 26.000 0.375 102.63 sto 660 953 152.87 @ ® (Bm bee | Mas Saas Neatg mm oa Nar : os eae vq % Bm GS ine — 2% 2600 os aes va Ee @ = io ts ie so ar aras | |... F ‘ - Ff @ = too Sess Tasos Snes oe 2 mame 075020225 co 38058 son0 a. ee hr omen as am ons els hE 8 Lr +o. a ee rr Se @ ie rec 0250 2209 rom sae ‘nose eam Gero _— _—- - om om te et Bk aie : -—UrU : ‘ e e e 27FASME 63}. 10M-1996 WELDED AND SEAMLESS WROUGHT STEEL PIPE & TABIIE 2 DIMENSIONS AND WEIGHTS OF WELDED AND SEAMLESS WROUGHT STEEL PIPE = (CONT'D) Gostomary Unite identcation Sivas oe Standard (STD) Extra-Strong (XS) e Outside Wall Plain Fad Double Outside wal Plain end e rues | clometer, Thickness, ‘Weight. Extra-Strong Schedule ON Diamater, Thickness, Mass tote (| in ‘ert xsi No (Note 2) men mm Karn a 2 | ze [oss woe STO yoo Ome ze | 2000 |oane i965 yo Moat tng e x | 25000 joe 12809 yo 0 a3 Nara z | 2e00 [oases 19790 a e 2 | 28000 jos00 ses xs 2 1270869 ze | zoo |osse tenes mM tars e x | zea joes tena go Disa riat x | ze000 |28a8 008 mo 0 hrs ~e 28 28,000 | 0.750 218.27 700 m 19.05 325.06 a | 2300 oa 3578 jo mobos sts e z | zenm [oars asa8 mm aaa nhs zs | ze00 [oss 210 mo zak as e zs | 23000 | 000 aana6 yoga aaa 30 | 20.000 | 0.250 79.43 762 635183 e xo | goo 028 ao 9 ree ta teat x0 | 3000 oarz 80 wo 262 ra tare e 30 | aoa ose tons ye on tees xo | 200 oss tees TD 12 953s “ee 0 | 0000 |oane —t2es2 te oat 30 30.000 0438 138.29 782 1320809 e x0 | 30000 aca arse yee nat, 2030 30 30.000 0.500 157.53 xs 20 762 12.70 23487 e 30 | aoa osee 669 : te tan aaa e zo | ano ona 19608 x0 tee iseb 7 508 zo | om ones 288 yee as 2093 . zo | 3000 [070 23429 wee tgs usr xo | som ose saz jez tos? 3698 . zo | somo ome da we ks tosse @) so | 300 jase, tanta ye es ae CO) x0 | 0000 | 1.000 © n0072 me a5a0 ann 38 i 30 | 20000 05232822 : 382 26974885 oe go | spam tas Seega we tase Sta go | 30000 tae Sess : jez sote Stes, e so] sooo 1250 aaa Reese ete | cee 2 32.000 0.250 24.77 800813 63512631 e s | 320m fazer S50 Smo esas tata x | 3200 oar 10539 Sr ar Ce e ge | eo aa Neo ao 13a tna x | 2200 loss wees. st sco a1 tan e x | Soom /eaoe 13839 woo gis 10at Dok x | 3200 oan large ad aha Hoe e mo | eam ous 57 de fo | 8a ask 2 32.000 0.500 168.21 xs 20 soc 813 12.70 250.64 e mw | seom lose amo coo Bis azar & | 2200 oes zoses : so boo atts ahha me | soo ose 23000, a er | |@eeeeoeveeesneoeeoeaeseeooneece @Ceocecosoccecce WELDED AND SEAMLESS WROUGHT STEEL PIPE TABLE 2. DIMENSIONS AND WEIGHTS 0! [ASME 826,10M-1996 F WELDED AND SEAMLESS WROUGHT STEEL PIPE (CONT'D) “Gustomary Units identification stu Standaed (STO! extra Steong (XS) Outside Wall Plain End Doub Outside Wall Plain End nes Cents, its, "weigh Extrasuong —Schedula | ON, Diameter, Thekness, POP Wore (tin i ‘ait (1x5) No. (Note (21mm mm gto 32 goo 0750 250.31 fr) 190s 372.98 3 32.000 uatz (27087 0013 ros. 40292 323200075 29088 00813 nz 4349 32 -gzoo0 0838 11.17 f= 83 pass 463.75 32 32.000 100033208 uo 813 254049332 32 «32.000 1062 350.90 90 Bd peor 52277 32 2000125 370.86, 0083, yasd $5285, 32320001188 «380.98 0013 go 58261 32 00) 128041051 so -813 3175616 34349000250 9.11 aaa 63513430 3a a4900 zB) 19 854 Ta 15087 me eS 10 8a p92 167.20 3a 3.000 3da 12865 868 7418833 ya) tao. vas 19887 sto. 368 953 20038 3a 38.000 0.405 14567 64 rst 71705 3s 34000048 157.00 64 ynia 23408 3a 38000) O.aeg 167 95, 864 wt 250.26 ae 34000 0s00 178.89 x 20 284 1270 26681 Be gabe = 058270070, 864 tao? 299.02 3a 38.000 0.625 222.78 30 864 3588 33212 je 300 8Be 248.77 0 68 was 36.90, a4 34.000 0.750 256.33 ase 1905 39693 3s 3ko0 0812 287.81 968 rose 28.85 3a 34000 0B7s 30855, 864 22230 4145 3a 3000 0.938 338.2 64 zaes 49372 3a 34.000 1.00052. 884 240 $2527 Be geo) 1.062, 37359 ase 2es7 55669 Be 340001125 398.9 68 zest 588.79 je 3000 tes A183 asa 30.18 62056 Be 3001250 47.21 : 36e 3175 65161 35 36.000 0.250545 \ soo 635213 3e «38000-0281 107.20, 900i 1415867 3 «38.000 031211892 10 900 at qa2 176.96 3s, 36.000 034 131.00, 9084 ar 195.1 35 36000 0s7s 2 sto 990 ota 95321256 38 «38.0000. | 154 "900 0314 war 22976 je s.g0g ata” 188.35, soo 3d ig 24733 3 een) ass 17797 90 60S tar, 249 re ee en 20 go oN 270. 282.27 33-3000 = 0862, 2120 300 aNd yaar 31810 3e 36.000 0.625 236.19, 5 bo 3004 138835170 3. 38000068 259.47 : 900aN yas 306-45, 249ASME #3$. 10-1996 WELDED ANO SEAMLESS WROUGHT STEEL PIPE TABIIE 2 DIMENSIONS AND WEIGHTS OF WELDED AND SEAMLESS WROUGHT STEEL PIPE @e (CONT'D) ‘Customary Ur Identification ‘SI Units e ‘Standard (STO) e Ext Strong XS) Outside | Wall Plain End Doub Wa Plan End ° rues | oismoter, Thickness, Weight, Extra-Strong Schedule ON Thickness, "Mass, twote (|. in wie xxsh Now (Note (21 cai iaie e 38 [seo [ovo 26225 wo 9009050? 36 36.000 0812 305.16 90018 206245427, e x | se00 [oars saazs Fn ae | ae000 jonas asna5 go 8k SN e as | 6000 | 1000 7300 so aia a540_—s5659 a 236 38.000 |1.062 396.27, 900 ot 2697 58995, '@ 33 | a5o00 jira ssa soo mss G2 a | 36000 | 148 ano a eS e ge | se000 it 2s seat goo 883178 S076 5 zs | se00 [os ass0 ses 1926s e zs | sso [ous 3835 sam .10 33 | zoo oars soe sro ss 8g) esa e 3s | 38000 joao tear oe wat B22 ze | se00 [nae 571 ss 113380 e 33 | aso00 oes tarap ss gt Pras 38 8.000 [0.500 200.25 xs 965 127029824, e x | seo |ogeazzar1 oe ay nse 3s | ss000 |oees beau sor isae 7188 e zs | 3600 |oses 27416 oes 74a a zs | aso00 [ovso 29937 oe 130s eae x | seo [a1 sz250 sos 2082 ee0zt 33 || 38000 lows 346.93 965 222351682 e ga | 30000 |oaze | arn28 amas) 5008 ae | 38000 | 1000" a956 ses sau | saa e ie | 35000 tose 1896 aoe) ane? zs | se000 [95 aaa ses hase 5097 e 3s | 3s000 tae e708 se a0 a8 79 jp | 3e000 1250 sso % RR Eg © ao | com [oa saz2s 000 106-792 9688 a fo | Sno loses asi Yo wis aye 21908 io | soo00 |.a7s 13870 S10 joo fois, = sss 3058 40 40.000 0.406 171.68 ‘ 1000 1016 10.31 255.69 © e ao | 20000 oa 185.06 | 1000103 ars e So | S000 [owe ts008 tooo 0188129490 S| S000 oso 23089 xs : ooo tots «1290 Sta ze 40 40.000 |0.862 236,71 1000 1016 142738251 e ao | S000 josas ane \ tooo tot tS 839085 4 ao | 40000 |osee 2806 too 016 7a a | aoa0 050° Saas tooo fore 1303684 e at | ino gare ana too) fore = 0s ante St | Stoo ows 3ese2 tooo ote 223 tn 8 “0 49.000 [0.938 .-391.92 1000 1016 238358305 e : i zo | coo | 1000 nese too 1162540 gra e fo | fom 102 att foo 101s, tegen TR a | coo |itas —asr03 feo joie dese gata wo | oo | rte8 492.44 * joo 101630330 &* a | too tas S731 , tao tore THOae 7 ore ether eeepc oe enn |WELDED AND SEAMLESS WROUGHT STEEL PIPE ASME 826.10¥-1996 TABLE 2. DIMENSIONS AND WEIGHTS OF WELDED AND SEAMLESS WROUGHT STEEL PIPE (CONT'D) Customary Units identification S1Unite Standard (STO) Extra Strong XS] Outside Wall Plain End—__Double Outside Wall Plan End NPS Diameter, Thickness, Weight. Extra‘Strong_ Schedule DN. Diameter, Thickness, Mass, [Note (1) in. ‘a. toyte xs! No. (Note (2mm mm tgim 42420000384 152004 vi00 1067 a7 728.09 42 © #0000275 168.71 sto 11001067 953 74852 42 «2.000 00619035, n100 1067 wom 26856 42 © 20000038 saa? y100 1067 aa 980 2 42000 ©0483-2080 11001087 N91 maa 2 4200005002261 xs 11091087 2 S019 eeeoeoeoaee 4242000 ose2 288.72 100 waar 704s fo 065 276.18 109 isos ain x S200 asa 30355 109 Was i520 Oe ct oro) os "00 130s 3290 "oe aaz* 35719 Hoa 282 $3207 @ atoms oes too na inn 2 20m osm as 100106783 stg oz @ 2000000788 N00 1087 2540 652.42 % om tose asa 300 2 ty. on a orn 100 yoso 12886 42000 ties 51782 100 jars T7kse @ 2 Bom 500) 100 pis Hass 4s 400 ones 18039 me a7 m3908 e “a 44000 0.375, a7 STD me 353 166.50 4000 oa = 189.03 iis gar ta Oe ee iis aa 30280 Shoo asa 21s ie Mar aco Pr xs m8 2306 44 440000582 250.22 ime a2r 8040 @ om 25s ie tsa nso % Hoo cas 33.25 ime as a7 “foo 0750 3483 ra 190851626 OM oot ara te 208255800 et Heo 28s seam ie za ass 44 4000 0938431309 ie mas z99 Y@ Akon .000 | as8.24 : is. 33d Hae? ; “4000 tose aa7.00 iis dear ase © Hee Has sts ins 35876780 Shoo tas 5a3.19 : ine oe 30860 et Ree Bn ia 7s as088 45 48.000 0.04e 16774 s 1168 am 1988 @ = eo oars taa.73 sto 1168 os 27225 4.48000 0.05. 197.70 Nes oat eae “Hho 99233 Vee tha 72 % “aso 0459 228.08, ties ter 33950 eB 8639? xs ties (127035182 43 a6000- 056227272 is 42740000 @ «om oss “eae tee tSaa ost? 43 ieom = aces 3295, te aa seg © Hiway) eras hee 190851878 a0 oma ates : Mee 2082 | san43 3% om a7 ates tea 7223, 62810 i “@ eeeASME 496.108.1996, WELDED AND SEAMLESS WROUGHT STEEL PIPE g TABLE 2 DIMENSIONS AND WEIGHTS OF WELDED AND SEAMLESS WROUGHT STEEL PIPE Se (conT’D}) e Custontery Unie Tdentifeation| Suni Standard (STO1 < exten Strong (XS) e Outside | Wall Plain End "Double Outside Wall Plain Ena tues] “Diameter, Thishness, Weight. Extra Strong ON Diameter, Thickness, Mass, Note (Wht * in. in. thyte (xxS) Note (21 mm mm kg/m e@ aw | sow | 0938 esiae ne m8 e237 ® 3 | ago00 | tooo S80 Mea) Sa a8 | aon | toe2 Sones ties 3537 s88 465, 46.000, | 1.125 1168 2358 803.08 e a | 46000 | ses Seay nents buewr a | i600 | 1250 Sorat 175 bens “eo | 40 | as000 | oa 17508 oo 171978 zens ° a | S200 | oa igor sro too 139 $gn age a | S00 | ovos dea? 20 218 tas1 ro e ss | som | ose 2anc9 Yao 1393 Sas ' w | S300 | ose 23808 Yoo fats ran sua 48 48,000 | 9500 253.85 xs. 12001219 27 377.79 e 4a | szo00 | ossz 28073 100 2a) aa e we | doo | 082s stezs 100128 tsa8 an a | a0 | osee aura tao 19 ras Stra e a | seo | ono Sroar too 1218 ins a0 w | seo | oie aoo22 1200 2082 098 as | sou | 0928 arias 12001218 238370234 e a | tao 50136 1209121940 paved «| Som 3238 1200128 say zo 2 sw | teow tas Sea20 W019 asa ate a | teow tas San too tots nis aaa e aa | Som | tas0 aan 00 iiss, S298 . 52 | s2o00 | 0375 200.76 1221 oso 30221 e 8 | S200 | 040s 2502 iets saat 52 | S200 | oa 2220 iat saat e sa | szo0 | 0500 a7s0r wa 270 sane s | stom | os: suave Bn ay apes e s2 | Som | oss aaass 1 tae Stt09 s2 | s2000 | ose © ayn00 or a) . sz] seo | 0750 ator 11905 ert 52 52000 | 0.812 44391 1321 2062 68123, e 52 | s2om | oms are ba aa mae 52 | S20 | os Sins wa eens e se | s2000 | 1000 saan ro 2540 ents e & | So tose se i123? Sang s | stom [tna nize eS ey 52 | s20n0 | 118 = aa.ea 132 301396068, e 82 | stom [1250 ans ma 375 soon e ss | soo osx mare wor 93 ana : ss |. seom | oo anos Wz. eo Seat ce 55 | Seon owe asa : waa ara te! 56 -| seo owes yet + Wait ata e 302.SOHOSCHHOCHSSHOHHHSHTHSHHHCHHOHEHCHEHHEHECOH OOS WELDED AND SEAMLESS WROUGHT STEEL PIPE [ASME 635.10M-1996 TABLE 2 DIMENSIONS AND WEIGHTS OF WELDED AND SEAMLESS WROUGHT STEEL PIPE (CONT'D) Customary Units dentiieation SI Unite Standard (STO) Extra Strong (XSI Outside walt End Double Outside Wall Plain End NPS Diameter, Thickness, Weight, Extra-Strong Schedule ON Diameter, Thickness, Mass. Wote (Hh i oye xs} No. Note (Zi mum mm kg/m 55 $6000 0500 296.37 1422 127048137 5556000 osez 2.75, 1322 war a9538 56 56.000 0.625.359 1322 1588 S50'S8 58 $6000 8 ©8052 az 748 605.63 5s $6000 0.750 aaa, 22 10565907 55 $5000 © 081247860 a2 206271259 58 $6000 08751514 azz 2223 767.34 58 $6000 ©0938 «551.50 1422 zaas 82163 58 $6000 se7.40 v2 25.40 875.78 53 $6000 623.12 122 2687 92781 2s 56.000 559.32 1422 2658 98206 56 $6,000 1188 «895.45 azz 3018 103585, 56 56.000 1750-7309 1822 3175 1088.50, 6 60.000 0275 2B.0 1526 953 356.92 60 60.000 0.008. 258.40, 1524 10st 348.95, 6 60.000 043827882 124 mp 415.23, 6 60.000 0.469 798.18 1524 nist 44a10 8 60.000 050033773 1524 270 © avaan 60 60.000 0562 356.78. 1524 war 83137 6 = 60.000 0325 396.39, 1524 1583 §9058 60 60.000 0gas as. 1524 148 689.40 60 60.000 0750 aaa 1324 1908 706.98 6 © 60.000 ogi2 13.29, 1524 2062 76445, 60 60.000 087558252 1524 2273 82426 6 © 60.000 093859167 1524 283 asls7 60 60.000 1.000 630.12 1524 25.40 928.67 60 © 60.000 t082 e848 1524 2697 995.68 6 60.000 1125 707.8, 1524 2853 1053.95 60 60.000 1188 746.20, . 1524 aoae 11176, 80 600001250 7A4.31 1524 3175 1168.36 6 6400003752 S150 4626 953 379.9 6 68.000 040627575. 16001626 1st an078 4 68.000 0ase 297.23, 1600 1626 113 443.23 64 64.000 0.459 318.22 1500 1626 st 47405 6 6g00 0500 339.09 1609 1626 1270 50526 8¢ 68.000 058233075. 16001525, 1427 567.16, 8 64000 0ezs aa 3 woo 1626 158 63052 6¢ 640000888) 485.21 600 1625 48 60238 64 68000750 506.69 18001526 1905 75490 64 64.000 oai2 Sa798 woo 1526 2082 816.32 84 68.000 0875 589.90, . +f 1600 1626 2223 (819.17 64 64.000 0938.63.74, 2 ' 16001626 238394151 303ASME 896.14-1996 WELDED AND SEAMLESS WROUGHT STEEL PIPE TABLE 2 DIMENSIONS AND WEIGHTS OF WELDED AND SEAMLESS WROUGHT STEEL PIPE I (CONT’D) [Customary Units intieation ‘1 Unite Standard (STO! extra-Strong (XS) urside Wal Pin End Doble Outside Wall Plan End NPS Ofometer. ‘Thickness, Weight, Extra-Strong Schedule. ON Diameter, Thickness, Mass. note (nf in ie toy XS} No (Note (2) mm mm kg/m 6a voo 672.88 1626 240 100256 6a 00106271385, 1626 2697 1063.48 ea 0011275 755.44 1528 2858 1105.8 6a 0 fs 736.95, 126 ais ers oo | 1480 a97.71 26 Burs 1208.23 900 deg 33826, ore nig sear2 ‘000 0.400 3045, m2 1270 536.89 0000862 (408.77 27 1276270, 000025 4a8.73, m 58861008 000.3 aa460 my 748 736.90 000 oso 5367 m7 905 80235 foo = ogiz 582.65 27 ros: e788 0000.75 627.28, mr pm gua8a 00004867182 m7 2383 1000.86 ©9000 OCOCe 000 doo. 71586, mr 25.40 1005.82 Boo der 759.22 m7 year 2088 001.425 80350, m7 vasa 1197.02 00018 847-70 m7 301812284 0001350 BBL. war 3175720 f.000 0.500 «381.81 129 1270 sea.83 9000862 428.78, 1829 va27 638.60 0000825 476.43, 1323 1588 710.02 p00 of 83.99 1829 vas | 760.87 9007s 57071 1829 1905 880.29 foo giz 617.35, 1829 2062 91954 foo 0.755886 1829 2223, 980.46, oo = ogs8 71189, 1829 2383 1080.80, p00 1.000 758.28, 1823 2540 1419.71 foo 1.062, 808.59 1829 2697 1188.49 oo 1.125 81.56, 1829 2852125891 foo tes as8.45, 1829) 3018 1338.75 foo 13509485 1823 3175 1807.17 goo 403.17 1930 1270 810.46 0962 452.79 1990, vaz7 tata 0425 503.13, 1930 ies 74957 068 583.38, 1930 4s 824.40 0750 60275 1830 1905 897.71 ogi2 65204, 1920 2062 910.90, og 70208, 1930 222210522 093 (75196 1930 2383 1120.16, 1gov 803.00 1830 2540119287 vider 8a4.95 1930 2037120567 1izsaya.82 1930) 2ess 1345.09 jap 949.20 1930 aoe 132 1250 997.91 1930 3175 186.24 COCCOCOCOCOCO OOO OOO Oe[ASME 896.10M-1996 ‘ WELDED AND SEAMLESS WROUGHT STEEL PIPE © qaste 2. iMensions AND WEIGHTS OF WELDED ANO SEAMLESS WROUGHT STEEL PIPE e (CONT'D) oo entation - Svat = ‘Standard (STO) xtra Strong (XS) BAP ovis wn rantna “onl eee ee en 7 ar _ — ~ Me me Me ee ees al as) : 80 80.000 1.062 895.33 2000 2032 25.97 1333.50 term inch Nominal Size (2) BN'INomina: Sul is'2 dimensionless aesignator used in the SI metic sysiem to describe pipe site C £ SHHSSTFC CC SCFBECOCHHO CCC HEE CEH COC OCSSEOOS