SOIL DYNAMICS ‘Shamsher Prakash Proof Cl Egaing cof St te MeGrav-Hill Book Company1818 aes ‘es wos bas V Breas Sos Ha the ern prt ne a Ca ‘hear & Sr be Tenses dpe ty nae ae abe apc peo op ty i a 8 ao Sipe el ap ed ay Eka pc mena cl image on ee of an Caen an Seem ‘a gil ioe a ne To wr ow Viaya ‘whom I found s brotbe,pilosophes, and 88 the imprint of whose personality fas Fatigencod every aapectot my ileChapter 1 Chapter 2 an Chapter 3 CONTENTS: Foreword Preface Introduction {ot Men id tp ‘Sex Connon Sl eens ter are Loding nat Dns ofS ad Sa ace Theory of Vibrations Fea ce Pee tart Dee Barman of Va Dain Pimp Ve Mann asmene Spee ith Two-Deresol Peon (ibn Aber) secre ‘Wave Propagation in an Elastic Medium' { Fy Chapter 4 se Chapter 6 3 ynamie Stess Deformation and Strength Charactersties of Sol Coen So Tot ander tute Ln Seca unt pt Dy Ft ir oe Sem avel and Mues of Paes ok BED ecg Sue Deooncon ad use ‘pe ai of ei Cosas Hireonnens Dynamic Earth Pressure Problem and Retaining Wall pir tesa Wath dung Earbaues itis cones a iam Dynamic Bearing Capacity Uhura Bene Coe Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Eenthgete soe Foi Bynum Amita Vere ade yeni Ana Horan oes a Spacer, Liguetaetion of Soils {quelacion Stodes in Osintory Smpl Sear Ein! iets on etc chao Dene Ss Pad Teo Tec aha Putin Machine Foundations etna Anne{SEE Lot fonnn Sn ad Vea ibn of Bek Sener Sap mri Fons Toca Aang oe Eee Evaro Aa atic They Se tat Sete tnt Se to seo to lg ee Hu Sp Ty Eameie Indexes Soe nn 8 : FOREWORD In hu foreword t» Neale and Prat’ book on eth dam which appeared in 1981 Teri poined out that the deveopmant of every mies oe ‘inecring pss tough thee sager the ened while precedent she ‘linn nioece he scent, where pent ee are ade and eval Gece ihe per of scence occasionally leach are andthe mae, ‘wherein pcan and sey combine to a jadeen ht perm he igs resin ofthe enncrs cling The pest sine of the ait of sil damier die lation ito Teomghit soe Rather seit damn 9 caroue hybid ia ich prope tos teen remanably uneven Pat of the sleet coms of the else nomics of chstiecomtinun andthe ena they of dansped vation, sendy wl advencod and nesing ely to be apd tothe gromety of proce! probs involving the subs. The reevant pop tes can eascertned by sate o by the inp of dynamite On the ter had, fxclsvey dynam properties vasque to soit ate dominant te sade of eslacon where ital teary plage amin fle ‘evn ropes farted fom two ter condone the dieig gino then be sonst so manic ad he relive urgency of Solrupporiedstuetres may onthe pe aod be ated upon by dynamic ove origaingcnewere than Inthe ta Some the feces ore ea ‘alate sits hove de otal or eprocstig aches the fig Imojeties ot the doping of weighs, wheres oes ae best evated fran sick rhe dwt wn oe waves To any eve the probler, [ov the gine 0 etinate te ably of the nol wilt the extemal loiding at judge the moverents both tansy sod permanent af te Soilspnated Fondation I the seein the ai te small and he move, tens etl dase, ten seaigfornad aa te properties ‘denand vey Tite attention The Slaton iby 20 mes ao soared The morenens are esti or Hf repens lend to comlnve dlsceents [Sit lew vette ate eoblen i whith the motors ate, not Hom versions ing oscar trom he spt 08 al They ae tanned fo the sructte hich then rect i nesondane wh ow| | | harass wel those of the sui The motion of the sil may beens SRE nurancs such the operation of comport pile ies of Pe vans such a eaeiquaker I he ates the ground sins Tees tine se toc n determi fashion they ee posed by probable mans or by such concep spectra Under some crams, Feed atoms tay even Induce Iguracion whciupon solseppated acres wer spective of thei eralesicn Se dpeniene of te devlpest of vaiou ass of il dynamics 00 ee, es ot yereied bythe try, canbe Busted by ee exes ‘Cones proses te been sade in determining te winters capi at otng an fs, The tapers or een nhs 7 cae gy Fee eer iatcoiga prseine strstr spat te force of Hgheneray Fees Hoss Fe aosiary poles be lmate tearing apociy SET ceo iment in comparison to te movements partentny Mate Slabs is avecbeve sed te ads fe ements oF 509 Skis ‘Attough boning capac easton re fen sade i connesion SUAS aan sch faites, hy bove sit wamieasse i compasson see ee Che sumunsveotlemant an aspect of si dss sl The emp ge Tree mpetas for obsning precise Knowledge of te casi oper sis Sf es omnes lev sue ro te eed to des tasking rd PES pane of Soecing sod lotng rapidly owing dant cles Se ate generated y ihe onions of the equipment wee of mo a Tie eeinemeat of the sexomanecoltm fot fist found wef i impos vetre doug, was Suen na seal way tt ses ote 9 met Be eget poem rates Seen nth soaconiantdelopments in seinlony is # mush jie rtjee tha sl yeni, BU one that peeves requ sec petite in some ica of wil dynamics, The economic ard seca pe seep Tocunke pcb ba fostered the expend of ch ese a SEE Cetaps ts aopcs a sil cyeamics sey for che mate sae tee ance bar heen bo lak ef sets developnent i ee ery ot Sr tng il ean of design pocabaes hsvatInformie ae em pte damaging eaten Nous conte Hs ook sues hat wil oumies i fa thou bospesous boy of knowedp, hat thee ae mah gaps sed esd ao end that sone problems of paca importance Dave bay ES Sus terear ethers of ted applabilcy axe mor thosoushly edhe thr has scenes etlesing the preset it of te ae Te ae Uoncour ofthe gape and points them ou These oducts the Pea atat a preety known, provides an ele compeniom of eee ce Sore deli Hera, sod sugpests when fret knowledge BS igenty ened “ Raph Peck erat of Hes ‘htanschoma es PREFACE eo ‘ne potlens of dynamic fading of soi and foundations hve eed ett Fhe cai crn nt eee. Fachqukes ease ropa of eth mast nt hake eesti uprated on TRESSSSSSH Spname bebe a sis an foundations fa ged end the Hay of date behavior of eactoren eco it wis belied esi act ig rapestoetere resis obs seeagbeed move in poor sos than Tee Hone a recess ting of wel-bul Houses in te Ni PekSake ot 190s foe he stenton ofthe petesson on robeDS of sea dames SHoweve, in Japon and Ini pioneiag work om thee pobims mas kody sbbway ae the noon san take legis pie hat the es ESSE gine tour in sll dynamics” was ofr at Ror 19) Ths CER EE hc mon poplar cous wh students majoring nthe ty of {Sin ever since the acing of ol dams Bas bse node i almost all ihe lading school treuphot the wel eee bua ie on fret specs of Synamic behave of ss snc ntted mt Roviee A lot of proses as sins been mae the Bel of Ticactow of soy dynamic eh peste, deemiaaon of mene sail ‘ice nao sod desig of machine foundations, ease Gen of FESENGS, ps endo caniqunte lade and dynamic so tote inten (etieeat has abo Seen made in rontorg performance of machine Foundations he acing of ieee spt of dyeaic shir of i now tor done ihe help of vecrch mater hgh water among 8 Nae ee conc joule Than tee war a eat nod to cone ate miopase tet on sol yomics whch may seve as sing post f> ‘ad ate of ts obj Tissbectve bas Bee kept in ew n api TERE rhe vat escrbes the sine oar am the suget athe tie of Re compton ay mel at piesa base ih tthe ear for nhc fan tee fine eon 2 dames,“he sujot hs been developed by fuucing the reader 6 the pce nals te cr thr ole by hry of mechanical Matos ‘egal danas Graces nave pronation in ease medium is desed eet clos bick hve bet apped ote eernination of sl od ssa Chup # Alo abortory and fli dterization of thee Te a ial dta pe been lade nh bape Subseacet Cente wend a tse say of ening Aas Chanter (tags a er gundatons (Chaplet tution of 06 (Cape 8. Sot chine foundations (Chae 9) machin oma Arend olay so that teed can low the deve gure te set wah eat ae Evy effort Bs feet devon aorta l-contained 0 een fr 2 xt Of made fo me es pense ogg hs ben aed 0 the itr (Rader can se fe deta fan) Wk can ee ejynmics devon. wer fst: several anal 1S Sign prmedtes may change i the feat fate and my a eel et Th acts been nought fe atenon of cen ine aes the tet wherein satis of reset (nage on te met tea mentioned ee a hn ext seea of oy colleges and tudes lp anaes Unto cents were cfered yn Krishna, Kei in att ofS enn, Masa Fuhoot, Swan Satan, W Lins Fin aa Sr Soacos to evr poses were dane by Vy KPa and Ni Bet ny Tek Wiay WP as sted in pootening the scat ofthis tet ai has bern equ ake fom unl dea ook Tha ue the Amica Sct of Cv gutted aa ng he seo alt om nt pensions A porton eae id ond td Arle 918 are reproduce ih Se of Ate $9 A pan Sane ttn, om idan Sundae NO Ha avn and No. 29741909 (Pat 1 Fist Revison renee SE 191S Thi Meee intel for the detas These standards ate ate fom te It, New Dei Oe oer copyrighted eat i sven at apron pincer ia te wert so fie, i el cigped he mane ptieny and with weet ee ad ere Ma for ae ackcwledged ie Barbara Hanis ate i ‘Scrat work aia wh ea tomy alow mtr, Roorkee sive, hat fered ne enicit Sporty to exptinest tis, ew tea and to delay the, meme oPTgtand saan aed to the Users of Mou Rola rae Gaetmiyt eats the mata ete rhe a al Roowtee Shar Prakeh ‘SOL DYNAMICSee ONE INTRODUCTION 111 SOIL. MECHANICS AND SOIL. DYNAMICS the em “wt esha” was cine by Dr Kas Terug ho sound JsESGugaro sot mecaair™ So mechanic deals wh engaetng pope BNE Siatoon unde stom Asytenatstady of sa ox construction PECK Sts nated by Teveagh ia he ey prt of es etary, Wii a ere out Bo yer afer the pletion n 1725 of is ft Book ieruhncesin Geman te pact f he ew ese was onghout he “Sl boc is tht Bato oi mechani which dat with ening propa and boar of soil under dynam sites Even hough “se Pere pik atc and dari sein the oizinal finn fo meat, Bee ue sure was os ft imped by esues™ Thi the reason why Se aN steading ith so sebanos make only pin 65 ‘Sotto tehovon of al under dynamic tess L2 NATURE OF DYNAMIC LOADS ymumic ads o foundsions and so sucess st de 1 eathguks PUmeNMlna,epeain of neprocaing and rusy machines and Tene Cem ton’ operas, (ouch ae pie dean) stamping, fatmovig tale CORRS ang seers, win, loaing du to wave action of wate, The oe ee ens lnk ee rent om te naa of he neTat ann the ronda 9 sage fatigunke (196) Aa avonebieescipton of exthquake damage and structural pearance in the Unite cites 2 Senet by Stinbugge (1070) A listing of elected US Sai ker ube ncuded.Keihon aod Chanduasekaran (176 dese at SREEPO' 2 Caruquabey wih sagntudes of 70 or gener, as occuring Stevan the wort vey yes Sree cae to compare ihe etcgy of at earthquake with ht of = cea eopoon “th soegy weed by « Hiciima-pe atom Bomb i TEE ato wat an thee wath a maga of 639 Thos eer big lee, an earthquake of the size (M = 66) of the Asa ta Cue a Rust 1; 10, ste egavaent of 2500 sack bombs exploded ‘etiguas Shgof some pt Han crus and Theis agaigs ‘Bown in Tble 12 Beeb koown at an eahganke cases random moto in, vey duces Pbee Maa shows be noksuth component a the May 1.80 EL Table 1.2 Sose past nda ares es - = 5 Sanne gee eR FS Be eg ba Recut ois ome Ra Sm SER ORS Bee SB ie 22 a # a ee ie Sime yo ob ec ty prin Sie Pn, Ma (OR, nn, Eat of ARSE Gis ns Ctra 9) i uh l BM = = ‘ceauo earthquake, which fad © magitde of 7 and Fig 149 shows the cet dhe Koyen catqunke of December i. 1967 Ob the ott se ee eipetng 28d fury machines ae mar tee aa ae the ac of hammer consti 3 tases Lad 00 = Fee at dnc lnuding Sagrams ae shown fr sendy ae - Found PP er wane mation (P16) a or ie ding The above fgwes ae ater simples presentations of seul Touding condtgor Act Toad nie fla myofen fer fom Uwe simplecad Fe 17 te we at Sar shins ocd rtd loading dagems inthe flowing sespets: 1 The lading in atace nt tly pviods tht ig the ing cys ae ot rept tog inevle The pen in any to ees may be diferent Pel manic loads 0 ot och a ae Lends ae always combinations sf ati and dynes Stati loads ar aol ty te dead weight of Ge Supentuctre andthe sobstuctuse, whe dynamic lost my be cated {hou the sures deol above All lade ele han dead weigh wil te conser mans nde ote following fet uo fer ted 13 STRESS CONDITIONS ON SOIL ELEMENTS UNDER FARTHQUAKE LOADING ees Ome! Loe osu in combination with sae and da Sei iran soc fina sta ses ge an addorlsveses need by ap earhgoke ace sal te Testing ects sir that shown a Fig 180 This gt, syed Pulsaing tess sem i tuperinporl ont lal seated ses bom ‘et the sustained sess ssl and he pesting ree age, ten the Combized tect would bea show ie ig 18. When footing ly ong i ers toma ag cnt nce ge Sd odanges rele, Mene, in sich nes, a dynamic anabi abctuty eee fein otter an estinnte of the natal pelt ofthe SOuCaE Eaten be made to sie that sone wil Oe REFERENCES got oman: Qa en et Set aan a . ~ se ee pee agen Ch, 9 | rey rte nosis rad ‘hes Se eta tg Site pn ee rie mes co the ol naive ste canot oor on he footing (Figen sch» EN iE an el teat be foun et onlin eon ‘iifechsear tm enbonimest = opie oa elmest (Fig 13s) beta to agian sustuined ses beers an earthquake The puting ses ined 1B be catgut wil be supeinposd 09 ts sustned ses Sse che i aren ee tend shea sen the tection, the reson pten wil beaschows in Fig 19bandc {14 PROBLEMS OF DYNAMIC LOADING OF SOILS AND SOIL STRUCTURES ‘ie probly of dynamic Haiag of sis and il etacties, which wil be ipeaed at length subsequent apes ae allows: 1 Dyounic sess formation an steph characteris of sis 2 Bath pee problems and ruining was 3 Dyan bearing apa snd den of sallow fons 4 Pe founds unde dyna oa § Unetseen af sis 6 Machin foundations ‘The stay of ues sin and sen characteris of ils poses sewer suite, he mt posta beng the desig oa appara sual for & FS so sul tad lading conitons No cos have een made ie Pare te cved werd fo stndardae any et for the purpose The Be Pl io earning ser operiet of sos sods dynamic Toate nny sail potiems, he dma aces repced by x peudoeasiy= lea se loge and soon are sbasted This tay woetines Yeas oFoe TWO THEORY OF VIBRATIONS 21 GENERAL, Fora proper undestading and spprecation of te diferent aspects of dion Pichddatons and sl ctoer subected fo dynamic loads. neces) 12 UISERT‘st te upc toc concepts of harmonic vibctons. Most of esd det itm subequet chops have bean saved forthe lade MEiep marmot Ths aarp easonlycrect fr mhine found TEAC smplined muta thi # aot precy the cise The Spare ftom ety in suc cvs wile sce appropriate aces 22 DEFINITIONS: eof motion pest tel in egal otras of iets ale poe SUG in un cased a sopeting te motion onc ie cles prnd yee Motion completed daring pride eed to a8 # oe. Fewest mir of eee matin i fe ell Somer. ate "sant eg I ht en hs re an of fe amt cement cy ay eee ee ee iia hae [peed aims rato tat cee der the estan of exter ore Invi focedwvoton.Poted wleains coeur a Oe fequency of [ine ose “The faqney of anton independent of the ste ‘Roenoy a thet J * Depes of tolom The numbe: of independent conte pcemary 10 8 Ath Sem ee dee co ‘einape eyes Semeeonen srton Corse ie sine pel shown in Fig Ta The iinet ‘iowa hs sen carer by only Hea conte a te a ie sect ee oO te ee btm ‘Feline Sc orswith one dete of fcedom, tat, = 119 Fi. 210 and tho and eee TERS Sartintes ae needed to deeb the motion of the stems, REE Hence ney sons sens with ew dees and tee desee ‘Thee, pet TU th namber of coorints neces to dsr te otion a the Hae caer ben infinite Henon ss constae at nie degree freedom sym "iam of ne ind oh i aoe gua, Toone iid cee The apes of 008 rs Se a texan, Henct hedtrsnaton of the tal eer Se ote stem suport _icl moe of tan A ten wn daper teem ina ck cn rhe unpre and quence do nt wpe! 10 fo “Ep dfinke pers Sill amon such dowdy metons, there we sme a see ican edn) sotns eld pice ds of rato 0 {PERRIS ech pia inthe rao waar wi hese eqns) ear wih nee of em pssses principal os wih att quencies More eal pe of ton ea avays be epee by ‘esoperpoiion a pina! mse onl wade of wtraoas Wies the ampSiade of some point of the ssi Tar ct me inj mover made equal o uty, the moon Then cal the somel moe of anon 123 PROPERTIES OF HARMONIC MOTION ‘ie simplest oem of peioie mation i harmonic maton, which is epee TRAE ane uncocs Let or conser te hon oto epreene by the ftovng enon sa sna en were w= cca heguesey in taians er anit Une We ean cepreses 3 by Te Selact ns vrcear mnt fs outing veto engl X ait moves dS mcs angular speed w ee Fig 22) Sine te fonction ‘Spon ul af 2 sa sete of mcon owed wen wr =2s am) a ret @2) where 7 = tne pei of motion FragueneyJis he inverse a the tie ps ey 1 (i onder to determine tbe eo f78 (21) wih respect 10 sceetion of motion we deen Vey iveroearnexan(erst) Ge pectin = fe -eNsinat = Naar x) 6) ~ oer es) uations (24) and (254) show that bath locity ad axelaton ae as aot and Gan be repented by vetoes a apd wh fg a ese Spend as tha of X Ley ad/anit time Those ae, howee, leading the Be eo te 4nd ue ibianycosant a8 he alr sa tens TP site thane aon ne ern ean, Bt (-g+8}en0 ew ich ge at en Wen ay, = 2 one eye of moto is complied, ich gs the expreion fz en The pause qeeey of vibrato the umber of cycles exeute 8 e re thc hoapowl othe tte ped Z, Thttore Ley ao es Buin 21) ht at fon Cag 98 ow 3 an shown in Fig 26 ad “Kisuay cosa in 04 (29) can be Gtemiedom be bundy i tonne bch the oom ae ad ian, ew Substiuing these conditions in (29), he empl souton becomes frequency «fue of sai ele lone the eeney im her 38 em ‘ties perf slutions of Eq (285) cam be ite inte following forms Zealot + 8) ew ad f= dexpiat + Bese hot ew | Beample 22 A mats sported by 4 apring hak = sae deletion of 05 thon Detain satura esueney f exllaion en -nahe aml Dene goa etm fri sien2 FREE VIBRATIONS WITH VISCOUS DAMPING 1 the fice of damping fy ie proportional to veloc, it emetic lagi Thas fend ex in which = sosticien of wsous damping ep wit velocity, FLT) Fate showe a sping syste Hf he mass iplace by 2 ‘elo he eure pion, ten the ree bocy Gag fas shown, Uses o ~ ane 2) aaa 24 Se¢ Hern Sm su tant oe tne agi (ergern soir aand Bare fl) x Rated alot a) 17K, respe- 2) B sade melee tne of 029 F ged) ener ee vite A and ae arian constns depending upon boundary cndons Hence che sens eguaent png emt at sot con tut Ko Uk TR pce Ie ge and Kyo By Khe hag 2 onsen hs Getpton tx winding F 5, helen Leth f | KK KR Hence ecient sing eosin Kk RG For 28 Src dtsrth adel By 224 i 90 the damping ad wo be ote! dai coandwe st m6) ‘he cao of actu damping () cite ding (.) 1 ind = te | it |] de fer) 1 em \ Now ow {| satmtting th above elaonhips in Ea 20, meat if san (ets OT} ex) {V1 settons in €= 2, tant D2 ae shown a ig 298 Bowens laos ANE epithe wtih he ping te ha tel <9 |) tien | nae (-2N=E ex |}|_ see ton en ee | eaden[(-st iF F aa] + Bont F a] en, | papi teananl enfr=F at) + seot-taner( A= F 4!) xp ~ (ou Aso FT a + av Pt + peo Fragt- sl canter ony Faye + Da where ax ceate and DedA-# as) eels oqueney gi Be wc amped atone “Toth atl Es e 02 ese }aee ve mich Zand ve ine conse pe ing pon boundary sons ja) chow pu damped evaiaon os £< 10 or 39) tn ih 2 an (2) Fe pe tans fr 18 1 €> 1 the motion is aperiodic sad no oscaon ovcus HE 1 the nooe'ie aun, tpere Soe tis i he mau damping tor apetiode ‘Bote, the tem fetes os gil poston sn MG minima tne, wea Scecly dampes ig 290) 125 FORCED VIBRATIONS WITH VISCOUS DAMPING. Fig? te shows a sping mas-datipot stem ude the ation of fore sino ch hat =e seis 1 fino ex ‘er the tegen of force of exon “cb gam neva 2105 tin red he Binet am) ‘he ssn to his ation em)Sere se uzyeokut- 9) a ups 0+ 972) sd pe czsnlat 8+) ; and vectors at any art instant THe fret Fe ence canbe repented ty Os 8 ig 2116 she spin is eppot 1 = ton fo tat of velosty Sinus damping Toe 0 acts nT open i nd. hence, is represent by OS. Sally, Oc eeresents the inert loee (22h bin es opp acceleration The esate of thee fre Fy * ‘hice sr be calf emg and oppose in agn tof Ths, Oe “spleen: sexo Ig the sear bg From Fi 2110, Ao Vero Ceol 2 = mad + (ea? ame « 2 os od onus ax) ondierionl rt a8 quan (238) and (239) can be exresed fotows Bk erry nt fa *E-(S)-7 om at- (ess) -[eae)-20" therefore 2. (2408) ee yey ee? aan eae es ean r+ ee? ‘Similarly oe tant EC (Qary Fiore 212s po of and verse reser ao fore vaying rom 0= aol — 1s 1 oS ner 22 Mepis a phe an ite ve ee Femi Fs et tm hoy sem cain Paral eases et f foyer foe pata case when §= ir =: Net wee vee ieee Nao Acro 1, resonance ocus and amides tend 10 afinity The inode sion of dpi ods fe ampitees oft values Th espe eg he ners cig foot Fyaed = 100" HY > | iin phase wit te rt of damping acer A dana nei te ok fe magi Bi fon pei tue te fat tat a the phase a Seater daa 0° snd §> 0. Eq 2400) e andthe covreypoding vec grr shows Fig 213 The lute in Eg (240g) ea sexdrate slain, which import svat of the prota problems However thee wil be Hassent vara ‘Eta, covespncing the ston piven y Eg (235. Thee whatons| ‘cou, ut in th Few cyl 217 FREQUENCY-DEPENDENT EXCITING FORCE In many praia pues of ashi foundons the exci ere depe tur th Toqenay of mackine epaation Figute 214 sbows rach 58) ‘Mote on lt spp wih representing the anfulnced mass ce ‘enue fom the cone te ough The untaanced fre Fle) nar There, he extn of ooton may be writen 8 600 (arm smile ent) = te earanging he tems ite above equton, we get ME cE kom messin e[al Hee tins ao. Equine (2.40 and 2310 ae sine, exer sap 0 mat Hy 2%) Theo fe a (2480) em ma F + eP Theor cf e480) fa uate (oo? a ow) a an ne ea) ote of quanties in Fae (247) and (248) ate shown in ip, 2184 and, eee cy hse curves ae sir in shape to tow in Fp 212 wh de > Eigen de om 15 Re fn min o a wy Aifecence beng hat peak amps asa ex) dt vale of the dinate for # = Vin Fig. 2150s At mei” es) epatety a dpeesb: Elton enone farerante”118 SYSTEMS UNDER TRANSIENT FORCES. “rien force my be cased yertgs ss nat ae ale ein esl uh es he iu tion mH) oH A) SD a ae et te eplcuon of fore, For thi ron, mE aa er pan tis dh, ewe, op 6 2 enue seme wee iy coat of ie ot PRE, case 1 Suddenly Apoled Loud CConidr seing-nast ser (Fie 2160) fenton Fem ie 216 a Fn fr sation of ass mis gen bY that is sutra 10 he fn mis ka en The saaon dpe 8 en a deosus + Bane as nay, when «0, «= Gand B=; tare A = —F/k aad B= 0 ‘Teas Bg G5 becomes es) ~ anu) atte tocef apie pany ene ton i maa Sedation = reson vous in ben pei Tg 2 16 The magnon Mt Magione i ccs when ers = 1 Te ak mia ah 2 7 ae Fhe aa pid of ein of eon eso store 2 Dini amp Saat ti (8 Sina ad") Sais Case TL Squate Puke of Fate Duration Cast hat et hows in Fig 2 ajdt pe ne intesy foapen ‘duration > (Fig 2178) ‘enn cect 3 eer By Ba 51, Te slain sen a Benue) ass) a Fe ana) ass) fort > he gon maton i The solution for displ ee “ va feo Psnay? em ve == cones aie a Satine asin ty 246 57 abe eerie from the intl conditions in Eq uisttung xy and, Com Bae (288) ie Eg 4 1 Bana + Banagions as) fi o Fila cone) + antag)" ante 9) Therefor & eine ve Biff eos eal) = Basins) asm bgp bh ites: ats, | oa”ign Cains Dsin (as = 9) | Rie |) te dynamic magnon i wads o tenh- 2ent ex “he mesium woe 2 when #/T = (ee Fig 2170) Rasim Sapp oc consid the king ese whee «/ 5 wvy Sal 29 that aor n/n ea ean, 29 RAYLEIGH'S METHOD “Acco to Raseigh's riod te adumentlequney of «contin Jere MeN rte dg of from enn be embed accurately by SEESSTS sot detcon curve for the che tem. 1f the tre SEAR (let or be sbaing este i not Keown, the ose of te sai Nee incase boy per asi aecrate andar reauency seeanceog the upton or th ebod. the eer pipe wil be tee Se developed for the nt (KE) and pent (PE) ete Sine the etal energy consent, KE + FE = comtast Sewe+Pr)-0 o trnsimam KE = maximo PE Ecample 24 In Fig 218 the weight of the spring of Deng £m per wit (Engi Dever the ar reueey of he sung e58 es "08 ere 218 Sen wi erage ie fey et crn of mam ei er ‘fe, ands = sgconeyt Among a he extention of be spag nse Aiplicomen ofthe eben peng Gace fom te Red eepper t= bgcou! Veloso lament de = = Mima KE of he chen wih mas (v/a) KPa Feel E.2) Intel the egeson abore 0 bain he maimum Kinet ney of he ‘he simon ey of ei as dey) = lata? ke Sent i be rt ep tom Maximum potential enrgy = { ShedeSince, a conve sate, musi Kini ney etal te mai ‘mum pottery by eqing the 0 cps we Be “Theo the weight oft arn cam Be scoue for by lumping ‘ts ouetind mse with he cancenated mas ofthe ten ‘Exam Using Rayih's mtd, determine the fundamental frequency tibesnatet: bea ssowe In Fig 219 Sovon The defected curve ofthe cantilever bea wil be asd 1 Sees at oa wages bem ih he conceited oud acting lo whch 1 = Heal sues of te bam Slag of Beam ate ee end = Termin lr det ge ce ier yphay-G)] Maximum potent eneay the weight of the eam i pe ui ength and astming harmonic Zfwore -Ecey clay tay) or 29 Fea ty Se ‘gating the smo eng, the fundamental gue of wation a ft face WE Bat ME 356 emt ution woud ive ayo saint 210 LOGARITHMIC DECREMENT Leguithmie decrement ie + mesure of the decay of sucesse maximum epltde of vacouly damped vivitons ad expres (Fp 290) a6 ee in which 4 and ay te to saceive pak amides IH ny and ay ate cine Ee Sod (yh 28 on E38) and ste Bn eh weaet, ea) co e680) es) ser 8 snl Tt the da i may be convient to arte the die teen in pk empleo suber of ele Sn Tauck cise ss the peas amtude of he mh cyl hen feet 1 se i a Ca 1986Theetore and ew 2.11 DETERMINATION OF VISCOUS DAMPING Danping an be determined fom cers tein or freed-viraon ve Te foot atthe ster iad fom i enuibriom poon snd aceon ol fe ample of acoment rae Then fom as (650) suey, een & 268) Ten Tee In fovea te hese aay be excited witha cantant free of ttn and waving feguenee A reomae euve ir obtne (ig 220) oy 1 i Avr = tom Bg 2400), ee he regueney tao when the ama of motion i 0707 (1/26 by loing Ea (Db) we get ae 5 chante) eae) 8 “ aw | * fone aeiE ” Ws ) se Tele ens(24 cm This meted for deeming viscous damping is known a the Dundwth 2112 TRANSMISSIBILITY \ (the system in Fig 214 ceptesets avery practical system that corresponds 0 a ‘chive foundation wih rostegaabulanes We can tow compute he fret ‘ramet the foundation tough she spring and he Ghyok The matin ors in the meng is AZy sod the maxima force in te Aashpo eeu wo fee are oof pleat 9° (Fig 2 1D) Men, heoye tasted Ft the tsi fe a Leng cu = 26 and sitting Z, om Ea (2450), me at ans TEE case of oceania io Ue fore of exeion \ivaeF ope iaeniy ves een fee a Fig 221 sent Fane iekane a ig 112 Abn leaves pe Re Gy Taree visar ore conerapons thea ano EY Fakes eau tebe bon Bat ie Cee et Ci ue a wing nd ming a mace wie cea at occas Dante bap st he ae Tien eng i 3a } fed 2248 PRINCIPLE OF VIRRATION-MEASURING INSTRUMENTS 272 shows sit precede undergone las are: | vibation- messing inten const of ssegsmassashpo yim asshown mounted on te vbvating ase The lt ton ofthe ask ft {pines wonlored ete abslte motion of the ase be 9 an meeting y= Poin oe Then the anon of motion can be wien 3 Me ly) en Leng — 9 randy i= Ewe gt Met cd hem Moose ew usin (27 sir Bg (24) Hence, he sation fr Zc be writen sein Be O50) me on ener ar “ pout ew am am misaope | az aperguna te ae on he tg a ‘ment must be high.) & | besterereen reer cise or enon L Westra | syrah oem cn L [less ite cess rece eect erences comer ere ser bree stems i a om a Bice oma Snooth ae nea = and oa ais of dain % low tate ae ‘ert i te mt fey of fhe inset 0 TRESS the teslng ie moon Zea My Tato een fonciow Spltcemen’ ken) Fox ag vale of (Reon se i a em igre 24 () Viens FabelLet the ar ctcaar Fesueny of thesystem 1 above He wy 50 at ral circular Frequency of een? “above be wa, 80 that and let ” ane em, tb the nic elton othe as mde oF, Ding Hg (279) by ky and Ey G97) ty fy weet [e-teeckaes @ 100) ea) sod -+[1-(2} ane To determin the natural agai ofthe ten, i fee rations ne to be consdeed Lette ng sige of Eq (204) be eo set, om Ea Glo, Bh we et 2 tasks 27 [ame] pe-(eyf-te] “Ta aoain oft fequencyeguation wt ve te (eT there The riny be coavementy esange. by Ig ‘This panera method fon sling he atl equenis of «wore Tn Fig 226, f stem 1 contutes the min system, thn ten 2 is satan bor ses can rede the amps of rian of ema ‘Seem areca wil be sown ow From (20S), We et ae — ens 1 (w/oa? ‘ stsaig 718 £4 20) we at Tio 1 twa eS Bo Wreck aie Sty, en hing fo 2, 4 ew Fo [1 Cefn] +A Corea — al From Eg (284) se ta 2 =| ex) Dea ex A negative sign inte hat Z, and Fae in phase opposition In fae 2, ecu ee atti equencybectae the fce £2, ented By sping? oF ‘astm equ 1 ad appotie tothe fore of enctaion Fy, The se ofthe “Shove myand ie pemanle deletion 2 depend upon ie uate of te cnn oe y= 2) 218 SPECTRAL RESPONSE cent 9s obi fr sngledere ‘Soro stone for daplaceateats, vets apd sclratone The fovcngoneson wo longer expesed ot tat! ttn aa ect epoom) To cunt eH Sr wh nyo ny ot be eon AS EAN septa frag espe gue When ang he ens © Considering easy opagton ‘Fem wt Hoque), ad ray be expend se or eels) oan ornemytes oan) Then the equtons shat sould be std y the st en te ny the lusctions @ andy are at oetene oa CLO G41) in which Te the prod ofthe propagated wives, ten 42 sateen e ark arHowever, @T and a7 reprseat wave fenats of login and wanevese wave Hens bund are serene of The wave lengths, andi lvass tof Egg 41) may be assumed oo: adem 042) bane he Gan) whi wage te) Pepe Ga) AB, and x at rity const determi! tom: boundary conions. ‘ia he boundary srace 2 = 0 be pjoted to the ion of eral ounal ose dba xe he aie plane thse les indace normal ses ‘rune anu oa 1s asumed thatthe tage! arenes on the Border pane equ 0; toatl ow, Sueses «sod, may be epuesedtvough functions ¢ and yas fllows a wy 2B om) oun) by sting exresions for nd Eg 95 se prs ot bp Gay when oo, meee aiyat s x)= KB =O (ste) exe =a + aaa 8 6) Bene anche 4%) me ‘ ise 498 moe aa awh 1o)= 08 - BF ace om ing Bas (39) 84), and (4, we odin a) Foo @ Gu) In ede o panto the exci fre into on acting sone te ine « = PSD Grip Sl we asame ox co Subuoing ti expeson inthe ight art of Eq (30) and sai win espet bx tom = soa, we an the folowing enpes o e Sspcement ond we pre xlQxt= heme = aate-H fee coe a Sie 0.0) wot peal Be eA we s5 aa x O08) Equaon (350) cremonds to the forced mies ined by an exci fcr, cg slong ene = 0 ‘Yelsity of Wave Propagation Free safice waves oct: where the wate are induced by soe inital exe eat oe the border sure” Asuing fo they ht y=, stants ad ‘Bor 3a and 0, may then be deernined from ha Yllowingexpeos: ~ xed + (x? )8=0 (5) Gee )4 + 288 =0 os) yeaon (350) wl give solutions othr an ceo for A and B ony wien the ferminato his stn equ er. Hens, we ae Haro -aunon (4) maybe sed o dee x Tosead of thi equation, wich coisas inatinal expression, we may ‘omider Ine flowing equation, which docs ot comin fads! nas (ar 198: Fad fba) = xt — YG? IGE = at well ben 88) 6s)1 wish fog = 0x8 - BY + Aco since > hon the oot of a (355 es Between 1 and +6 Team be sot ier obec and hy a ah wal hth at postive rls of and eee hi ot nae conan fy) 2D The las yo soa make « and to a a eters they 40 aot say the equation FQ) =O cst an imaginary Ty one och, xe} wich largest [Re IE SEP ec Rosana oO the seal oto Ea 05) Ae rows rv = 025, al oot Eq (58) ac they ae eq aioe) aw satis the conon the poles its ae RAST IT = vos Sits in Eq (4 me sist see rot onl he swore og he veloty of propio the Raph wave under somigrt ey 095530, Forrn02s, ee = 0800, “Thuis sun that face waves propagate wih somewhat sale ret te ec mnes Thy op es hth Loft £0" HEM oros shawn in Fp 310 (Richart, 1962, Fre reer aac re ae tc pencil waves an ct al space. The are dteen velacis af ropgaton Kacwing ts woe Thee ee rch onder te ves ave a2 en pint © # ‘stubance tater po 1 nama 25 ig en nti | | Particle Motion a he Setace ° ‘cea i ta me tee sudley woe made by Lab (19) of tate motion at ots oe tances "ay Coma point source atthe srface ofan ide! medium. mest emia a aw sents niente ane Sills orl oes mss Sena haracterisic waves shown in Fig. 3 12u wall noha Ha Set nae vine os ene vals of the P wane, wave, and Rayleigh (8) sae fe'hovactl aed “ia cpl a ono hess RE Saad sae eo eerrtrd core 7 ie 12 Wn tm nie pw ie mum Rape by rent CEST tt he fr nn‘Anica he sae fist ndeges a lity ate placement oe SEE abe P nave lollowed y= velaively quit pod ein up ce ses ason atthe ial othe ave This folie by an exelation “Stinuh ger magnitude when ie wave aes re ee eral betwee ware arab becomes reer aa the ale of the conan becomes sal wi cessing ivan rm he sue Tn Sn ep and Snnve ample decays more apy tho that fan weet atcre te nave be most sgnifent ditwbnce along te mecca ce hl spe ad t Ingest om he eure, may be {ie ouly day inguin wa Fras eee sisal wrcalcomngonents ofthe pate moto tating at point Din Fig 3 I2a and ba comtne, eles of uae pate motion cae eee ne drome chown = Fg 312. The pu of te parts fmol dete a enor ele /AVES GENERATED BY A SURFACE FOOTING Gis racic,» mci toundatn may geen waes las Aa ie ae ur fot undergoing eres selon a be surface of an SERSUAPSSRE Wit be consed: The eeray of the cus Coting ‘Sti ey a oombaation fF 5,08 Raves a eas thn mae fda tener tance frm te sour uy shown in ig 313 (ood, 168) The ste rom the sure Ba Ok wave in Fig 2 qs deen in proportion 0 the velocity of the ras eet tum ih 2 = {Yb bch mes (P and 3 wave) epee SEG Sores om te sosts along basis wave front and eR ‘ne pepapae sadly gue log a cdi wee font A of SBP ieocntr an iceingly lage volume of maria] a they, ual Tosa hcetve te egy eon in each nave deste wih ite + eNhe sate Ta dees neg desi on deteae a diplceient ca eA peomercel dompunt Te amptine of the boy wave See unto tthe to fr ware edits ro he (Sine Howton tue of ha ace ain Gee (yo The alte othe Rayleigh wave decreases as VF (Woods 1968) re patemoton anceited withthe omen (wave Pah spose etn oe mve fon, and te paste mtn acd mete ne Sts) uve a pense daplacement hat nocd to the TEAS Brie Coe noat The paicle motion aso wi the K wae deen os lf Space toweve, ea retrograde clipe af shows in Fi sre ed none line tbe sve ents fo he boy wave indicat he aioe copie of pale dplaceeat a6 fonction of the dp ont (te saa eet owrmard from the ace at he cnr of te sure) The R sae me Aeped5y wo somone vebeal and ergontal each of SEEM SEL Sia ten fur scoring separate itbutions) 3. soa i \ ‘ A “ye pate 2 er en en ert a For a verily ailing cele coe soe on he ace of tosegeronn sae ct Sa sace Mier and Pusey (884.199) Korth ha Grito of topo ney noes e te ase tes ma €? prin for he Kwan, 8 pent onthe Suave and pent Ith Pung at a thio etl aut neg eae Sup fom Sos snc some the wane, whch Seay mach moe Sv wi dune tan the hy maven neat ht the wave feo Pray concen lo fonda oo na the sce oe roe) eatoene ‘ dings Soe cosaastteminws Baas unsere sso alae, oh ore al eto el ans sen or gee erence Sibi hm deg ere meaaeieree | aoe ream ae (oat peer re gino nnn np Tag Sane Triple diced ual a Chap 9)spp wanesanaed sh ont scien of S-wave propesin mast Be anita ia Bae icy representa of he mole ac ther She module of 0 J tr yopaption dv 10 ibrtng footing footing as anh ei nd pe te sae ot seni ace. In a tooag more ten ctrl han cat As fein rect aheed to erin depth blow th ost ie seas spied el cae dow oot roe is paca Bes guar othe pci vel m compare ah Se pie sounpone hele ether elning elt dios arto pled umn aly th en ie napa tole ors generating fx dat Cat Sen tac fc colons Im eer ease the doen and at bc nlc weve, hat the so ar mir Romopereas ane nae ea cee expla ofthe aps betwen pedicion and TEnicsor med eferio toate, ee ee cer in iyes Ames sltion fa lc wa ee ube (Zorpia, 119 Ewing. tee, and Pes Nee Ses Lee an Rear, al pe Wont, 191 The Ti ner ane dt cermin th dep of rebuden eres antats tone ennetg projets bot thee al oui te eee of REFERENCES nA NEGIE Nine “ed Cape fr Enger an Clogs” Pe EASES NEE EI cmt tee Te Ne yin Ne Yo ——______oia DYNAMIC STRESS DEFORMATION AND. STRENGTH CHARACTERISTICS OF SOILS 41 INTRODUCTION Seven probes in npn ace ee olde of edna i Ropers Gene yam out’ pobon sted oo ar ‘asi ntoeo ge sus ene or eas ose ‘sf ar waking natn con tea oly vy sl les of ees we acti ner Sw ape te rat be ae lo ‘tuto el an brary meh hve bee eed or eat ‘ag dai 10 prope. The majors roperie eat ned he sae fed in sol uae and pects erbquae egnceng ae Shear stengh erated in teens of asin ste and essa charac Dyranic modal, Young’ modaluy, she mau, lk modules, and 5 Poaceae 4 Dain 5 Ligestction parame: eis tnd pore preset eons ses ae, eye deformation, 1 tis chaps, conventional ste teas ate sammie fst, lowed by «dete disusson of laboratory and fed mets ue for tringthe relevant dynanie so proton. Vales ofthe aoamis si] mod for ‘ppl cis aeprseted a0 se oe and parame ascot with Nqvelaton ae disuse in chap 8 42 CONVENTIONAL SOIL TESTS UNDER STATIC LOADS Bectuse dives rockowesterng proces case isto Be formed in sais 2 Beste ee ah onl ores the pope cscs Ths 3 the main haan gine sean coenoeal bang materia uch as te and ‘Sones, yao popes are lost at-made Ss cea a ay ven sie te ot homogenous ete rely or ae: Seni" inert sbsltly cme at wl tests be ik em hy ceawucion sess erate he sng and ter perce Fropares the ois ry Estar suena tes i of parmoentimprance tat eld oad es be teprosed ag aceatey av poe, This egies tat teaing condone and dinage comaiton be mods Teng prob Fi ree cg ae sin stsease a nya pobles ang sas ve sae toudig condos hus Been sme ee aeeetaod for a ng tie Iti Geile Wo desibe Sey the TE sueST gues andthe peso tess ha can be pefonmed, en ef metas ae vale fr shea-eting of sil he a at the dict shat estan te tial Cmpreion et am et stl texan tei cneetatins Rees) to duces nang conitons hich ave 8 prtantBesing othe se svg of 443 DRAINAGE DURING SHEAR TESTS Mos soit depots hoe shar sents a oe dersinnd wil stated Me er ine deg fe ofthe suutuse Digs conitons blo Ser oes the shes snp of strated ss In sett 2 a ethene tenor oF coming oes which sul le i i eer sear Hehe applied tl fare 06 aed aot sine to mnie te aha sengih os ent hes ‘Bien mtg rena condo ax Javed below 1 tmonahivedundrained eto gc tt: a thse tet no dase + ca ead wvoal sr caf Ina. or diag sa, Ths ‘mite Han tensive oes inc tera este tie cer a rot esse pone peste Ir eanne betes mob Sat ei ea sestnce, Peering ang Gating SAT FEN "Sum changes tat mii terse ake place 2 Cimento“ le or conldsasck ta: I et, ‘ec como (alowed fo dat) en pind normal conn oa sre pmie ung hgh “wee ing etal ating these tent pbc uig ear This Seve ne eh ei Sg et » tf “ss oat see fal col Deane aio (ning) ce cra colin Fe nage ae dlrs shes 0 tat eee arate pes Goo es eS fore ad ls shape nga meee 444 DIRECL SHEAR TEST The diet sear tt the ode sd and snp sl propery test Th parormed ne dct her appara (ri yo =, ie {Rime an iower moveable fame. The ea scope spade Be one saris Sct ah fate ‘pending ow tinge enon, sees ie in tee peo bh pS ee earn eet alk rie sce Beta o bet of te seas th cin fs oer ee of Partie Tae tb ough ate ear bro {Eth opt wi tt a at ee pac aie bth pce Sold ot be Song th te pr sone ace wil nt Attala then apie ade sample ec oh lau tthe pane pater Toe shesbg ene» peal eed bya powng grt led cll There ton ech te spp atome frames (hensing dspacemend) is resucd on ¢ al x (evn difeetal aseduer EYDD) we unl daplacement fb ato meanuted by a dal gauge ot LVDT, djs Ste esonng a he test tat Boh up and down mavens an Beomened ie Sie of shesring i einen OS a 20 ace mt Tre Bee lone fom det shear ts are usally plated as shown in Fig Vik ath snow lt foro dene as well axa loos sand The upper cute Fee Wine sso of sheming to normal tess (7/0 we he shensng eeaeee he ower cure thowrebangs Inthe woume of Sv sme canes Uaplcemest To te vase of dene sands, sear ses care Sear he (ovo)en ease of the pat wroneth of th oa ce Fem ae chen nse the ses estan of the sl reused and & aan ere Goa ale of r/o coerponing 1 pot 8, obtained. Tis Pree utr ee Wein pen te ead fy ens sands and nave andi cays oo Te am ope reve a diferent aormal sees plot of normal set and shesr Seo at are mace (Fg £26) This at peer © TEEDSTUR or unds and wormay lade cays For procompresed day itis EERE Cine bute appocinaed by «stash lie, The bear parameters PEON ST Tea om thi pot wh is ctened to ars Maly rent ecloe *Ydume cane lake pce Gring seat ess on sated sands where fee snags pene ov i dy sands Loon ses ede in volume, wile dense serch expe (lt) daring sen Gee Fig 422) If be init vod EO GiMT tua sch shat thet ware change tom the fal 0 te fi {Sida attatee ire tben thsi ato senld the eclvd ao “The const of thesia ed sai war adranced bs Casspande (1996) and Tsor{8t), However howe at he ei ao not Tipetle sot permet bu depends on the confining prewre w well As seer confining eure meses the od fo forthe recone welune Fee Sal wi ea) decrease Yin he cial Vou rai cau ope oF he ands tbs concep 6 weal io undestading the shee Posing ces 7 ene satesed and att oid rao above the cos wo ati sag etermed, the gate fend lo Become moe compact Fox thi 0 ote, scat tem cat ofthe vos the lading 5 apd that heres tine TSS oss any lond oth ol mast be cried stanarenay By {Belpre mite The pesute betwen the gains tus consderbly dee SEER TSSonespening reduction inthe sear sens Hf the sen SETS" ec ys come tases of te nial integral eres Fo Be owe wer the 20d 8 1 ee “one othr han when start anda void aio below the tes oid tae defor the vid to serene tthe Ting 0 ap hk TRS fine tor nate sep tothe snd ew wate am fogs he fica o ETL op tt a as fr 9 Fe Ph of Sl oe SNe ot) Me wegide At renal th pore wate is pti esion,chesby incening te Tesing pesre betwen sinned casing Fepory SEE In engl Pics isn eadency forthe volume o change in rine es hte 89 endear wate seta eve thes inna testy ote strength (ould beth sane wheter 01 dang our) 45 TRIAXIAL COMPRESSION TEST Tis ster tens, in genera, permit betes conta of tse and vole TAN Site shor tan det ten fee do Figure 43 5 + dapanaai Se owing tow a tas comoreon te sep Stepan bec he pra sn re i Tene suttee a te sonpe severed wit 2 in permetle membrane sere 0 eS pea ws bbe ins (Ost). The Orgs a he ber Seaittae seve toile the vale inthe pos ef te same fom the Siamese ‘nod The ponus stoner prvi tees to the smple for eke Portal ptewurt i aplc witia the camber scaaing tbe rmple Te hanes posure contol Wy ae peste con” ands asd by Seer eee he chumber ps str unico on the sac ote “inn Se pn nig ' nal vera ads apple howg he losing tam, wing x jckng anangenot: and mesure by 2 prov ig ov Hud cel Toe axl loa SRST) eared ya dal page or UVDT stacked woth bosom fe ‘oving sng an sbting apis he tap othe chamber. Volume change & mount of water ht fon into ato 1 said tess he volume change tendencies ofthe si genetate por wal estce I We cage ort is led he poe poe ee ‘Barrel by an done ewe task, masons Ge ee Diterent Type of Tess Te tos mentne in ee 43 ean be pred ia at a inertness Verna dd nl ne Yo esse i applied tthe soi sample, the ene sensi taken op by pone matey since drainage i not permitted (Au, = 33) Se ‘Be Psmlue dng wae of he est thr The pe sure a ae wnat ge a aga eee. tae See eae Srpere ee kn ccie asks ean se a an ae Catan stom stad case sail In te const sadn tn oval, prone wap od nce pe ee srilowdi aig el we it done eee onde Ne ft sample sewed under utaed Cndons gee te ee ‘rain of he wid ratio wih, Fe Hows he InPig 4S oe and teste cis we pt oto sp ht et nay contd by Chamero alm Te Me ‘ent coves of tal an acne Sot ween Svea set epee Tat pr ets temas ope commen Flore 4 ab ediegn 45 ak pt er amd sen rs The nctntion ately lth deitrs 4 se the spoon ane oar ace of tal sues a the Mohr ccs of eflectte sess "5, Tar uomal ono ly, bo art sooeage moc ico an eM Lt mon! psn by Po SE oh eon ends ss (yd wil de jawed vo dpe bette he sess ete ee ucnes me ea he see ns ae Drsae tts doce pre Pi “hua ance the pore 7 tees considealeeece to sbow hat see tm te conus eae ety Soe asa he condo fae ane que fret tthe mo {Byrom and Simons, 80) eon am fee Mc 146 SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS OF APPARATUS FOR DYNA ests In he stave tail test decribed fa {crmations ave eon he ond el ve resin ead on the pores Ino quate man eesemary be ama To tet ete of loning approximately 1250/1 te previo section, the Tod and the al guage expects, whe the vce tn ame os en of {a te conventional axl ete spl is 101018 min or more Honever, beat the dynamic ous maybe ape in ‘tacton a second, he losing dvs tas tobe of. pec deg ‘Several diferent sypsofapptatar or toting sas ender dyna ang de ben Gignd and abriatedfom tne to tine The saul apo ‘uth pel fuding apart, Was snembled at Hard (expands tod Shannon, 19), foowed by an appasts by Seed tad Pead (93m) ‘Sobsegent the osiiton simple sew appurats wee asd (Thies ahd Sexy 16) Ik he folowing sections, afew apart and sie est eal obi ‘ gpial ht willbe dca 447 PENDULUM LOADING APPARATUS he fix pbb ivestiatin ofthe dyna losing of sis concerned the «les o ob explosions onthe say ofthe Para Creal pases Tae (arn reaued Inowielg a the stes-fotmnnn and seeagh choca Sf Mh pertinent soa ocks sje to very rigid aes snd unlosing tans) Thee pikes of equipment wore designed by Caagande and Stasnon {19486198 for this purpose One he pes of equosent he pend Fong spas, showa in Fig 46 This appara ses he omy og Benda which when reesed tom sled hgh ike 4 spl So ected to the piston to of a diane Gomer) ender Tis omer inc, tsa in connects Hydraullly to an uper eid, which s motte wing Dodi ime The tof lng for a pendles lading appar is propertonal to he stare ot ofthe wept ofthe eadlom ad srinrerely reper be sunt oto he sang constant In sdion the manny fore i proportions to theft power ofthe howl soma fequeney of lok i system > nase inet net of he ok, etc, nd mor about ‘he hoz axi passing hough the eee of ay tthe ‘oc and pespendisua tate dcton of wbation gg mse moment of ies of Ue lek eat, and tae abut the horonal axis passing tough he cen of the eontac ate of the block and ol and perpendiclar 10 the decton of ‘boron! sis pang thouph the centr af iy of the ates thd perpendicular othe decom of wasn The cetcient of elastic unlorm sear, aie pen by the lowing egenton ooo Indian Stand ato recommends that fie vibration tsts be pesormed by pula block ad eesing tins longtral econo by Hing ie $Thamer for vera exetabion From the atl eter, he Cy Gy and E fd Gales ca then be detersied aw Danping_ ta foresees wieaon tay, he valve of damping cee € oa een bythe fllwing equation Soh whee aay) {foto eqns on the ample equency plots wich the apie egal 5/2 <= macimum spose {hegre ich ane & mma ote sen) “The lonaithmie decrement ane ence the damping inthe sytem fom the tneation eced ae easly derail a fewbation st oe See 21 cp 2Ji i | tie acpi ott scan ‘oad text Tt is assembled according to details given in IS 1888-1971 and Barkan | be (1962) or in textbooks on foundation engineering. 4 1 : Se ge eee ade : cs ered the tt herent of abe fad apis 0 8 | Meu 49 ot in _ saan mn ce Hn os | EE ts rt 6 ty Nl ie te of steer bene eghle The Sia eng of the da ratte hen ected The env toad removal and he late salowed © Fra non pty feu occu he renings ofthe dil engss ae | 4.44 TYPIC - ana ee oa is then peduly ntessed unt fs ugade ea ICAL VALUES OF SOIL, CONSTANTS, TRE he now higher ropenot stage of Fndig: the ld i maitalnes i ‘Cistunt se tbe ia al vageredings are road The ene lea i her 3 SSSR Sata ial. poge tends are rcorded when the rate of ‘ovund cas nelle ‘he qj af trding, vloadng, and vlan ae cotineed ot te esis ata fds borscht ial values of i aus ening oom eth tne TRESS In of the load increment is such chat the wie lout esc in ve to 5 nee Gu = 1300CR TS = OF ays TS Gans rebound fie pit eaesponing to eck tense of oun Ts an can eee te ete ebaned daring esse plate bod tests ROE in waiey OCR. 7g SS ic Tonaicmiy ves he late ebourd ie plod ssbown R= overonslgnan rato Fig 4390 ‘> eect alban ses, pi Tactate of 6, ean be eset fom the equnton sven Below free tor at nents op the pasty index of clays Go Eisler ce s idm 1978 rocommends in which »~ sonesgonting Sd intensity in lopams per square cetinee| es by aking = e+ SUR'S Sane rebound eovesponing ops concinees Janet, penn Tab at hs cain be eed a 3+ 5)/4 termeenetecte pistes ee slated wo the plasticity inde, PE“able 43 Vacs of yeesue gato (1) can be eps ins mene convent fom a alms OCR Ey nae 7 Game OEE a)" a by intcing atte prameter i dimensionless, whereas 6 ad Gay 8 By eine lye sd the contant 100 Bas the anensins ia" 1 Fe take to cape te form of he vid tat agetion in By) by rein Fey 03-407e «ey 1 84 (61) ThefaetonF() i est compeatl thn the void ati funtion IES At, but iver aout the mame let sein the ange 04 100 s/n? Asn yO- wke/at and G0? Teer, en0em Sonos ftteaive wiih A= B—26"2~08 "12m The Bening ‘Sepel facos from Fi 326 Nees foe hl ake by the fot is compute from Eq (62312) Episcng Dib neat = 12% 2007 og= 612 x fiom 9 39 + (J 1800 12 45) = 2405.00 + 4,500) = 2100058 = 20 oom the fact tony th iat ean apa nt wl ley ung some Al A tee vol ach fotgs bas es “hie metho ster naga A loting sbjected to ome ethos for anny the beng exci a he proposed fy Praha Saran (1971, 1973) ew edo cnc nl ning ie an Semis oan ine amet» sy non one ene Seria oe Seve soar = od fate Su 1 See ita had Ben ceed tm ae ra ee son Th fin fh aco Grn ln on che te ahah al, 9) Ty ute Dn clase a ee ben cn he to fag i SESESUPANY Sik ace na he a pc sen as ped cent of ng. cece eet culty ew 8 te tong eo ia tent rk ncencr weet sen cee ole ven ve aay co Tn thr bag Sas) 1 Neg ee oe spr by Eg. (6.10 eK, wo The basing caps tts My My and, ave been pd 63nd 610 epasiney nn” Nee fs sn pene i Fo afoot ode ea yal ad he loin a 1 being exasiy 3 fetes ote pit nde 3% Tikof he footing - In onder to etna the ttenent end sof eee ‘wodimesinal and thieeneasona edt ts wae condor on ose ‘ei bose, dey ands Ivodinensnal tots were conta at me aed ‘Bemewidefooings Teese es wee conducted en? Sem Ir, sn arn ong a fia og ws £9 3nd # Thee footings Were sted at the suface ts melee tl {the iit fhe ong: Postings wee rete to ery cet Sire dco a te os Sue fn ae et eee t/a ee 01 02,0 and 04 Feats eed epee wie of he nts (0/81) wee soe Toe ‘ee w/a lh ws 98, Za 3 hw ieee mes hte srry a ee aks ondWLEeA F 2 uw Ress of the te-cimensional model est conticed on dene stad were tied to vey the ast soln, and excelent apecment mat obiered ermeen the tm, Far tok pice nal sen nthe Swodimeon et loo sind Equation (610) buds good i the beating cpl Tals ae Statute forthe edad wala of $ pen in Eq (638) Thecoeson maya be pice the ann Eq (632) Shap etre ‘vere evalua! fy comping he stinae esting apie of mod fag derent shapes (Pranash sn Saran, 197, 1975 aad 1977 Seay 1908) Shape latory and, wee obained Tor bang canal factor Wy ad repel pn nthe foonng equation sy=tos(2-oa()-(35-o0)(2) in se ah fe ing nd = Ltr a ape ote om For shape factor 3,10 be applied wo 8, the ftlowng values are proposed based up te anal fet data by Beyrbo(1953 freee ended fone 3,5 1 2tersgeae footings (L/8 = 1) = 10 (or ip ooing (1/8 > 8) ww) To afiain the value of 4, for tetngsat footings inet intepoliion ‘nay Bo made Settlement of cecaly loaded toting i timate onthe bss ofa oud vest (5 18934971)} A dexgn met or dtrnng te setiomen an to ‘exert oid fotng rom standard thas teen pope “An ecenclly lade fotng sles as shown in Fir 611.8, td S. seprsent te stleent sf the pot vader tel al the selene of ce ofthe foving spectively Mma sctenan tain at eee of te eating 17s io ttn then pen by (Pe 81) In te ode tt cepted above, Sand «were measued Sy was then ented wh the belp 27 a. (618) Thesetlent (S,) of soc focng, nds cena Yr! loa were aio determined Pt 8/95 and e/B ado 55/S, and e/ fo pul Jaco of ey neato thatthe veep clasps alt be tepreem ty the flowing snpleexresions sas cory $r10-16§-26(5) +30) (1s) So tosaoig mel) + 54 (9ies 49 cat a ns one ve unique and were feed to bs independent ne above courant a ea tte nd een eae and ae he OES Suan 57 aur od 0 «/B up 10 04 ee de ewe on ets Ms ccc) pace Hower oun we SESE thats entity ge wm aN syn 1) hws SSS vats to he ot a (5 <0 Be tend om Sasi fondu sna tet 63) teem ay va) 8 SHEE Seating ene _ i ents a ts foing je 0 momen a Teen tcl wn, Te fst BNR HEY (Serna by ming beng coms Ae pon 10 he with of he se aac Sand Syn B64) he vas oF aH HS even proce To design econ ode ing te flow 1 yn and moto ween ingen to ei 1 Ye a or ala een 8 ee 2 Cie stems ce nd HO saa wea Fees of ie etme Sa 1 telat come sing the bore data the following roca i seget “depth below ground level * 2 Cle ny tm ein cor 5 and 5/5 te comps ae 6/8 ton B15 a8 618 Oe aah pam abo he tment 5, a So etyeuen coupe be ae a a Se Soa Cm Sc nee et co DRESS OT seen ae caus wing ie Fate et exist leat wig ss st Ce a eLiae comcnons spay Apprerae tien tegire seo by oe ee 8 cmp as thesia vig cps fhe Cooma So Jolanda irene es a hey et eal he Co 9 at hes abeue 2 act ve Soohate 6: ra oe oo Cae Lr esing crcl te of esl tng uy Wena nty Ft enn on nce £4 (65) brine or equal ese unde he ong ad te See sea ooume shoud noe be sujet to rete Ut Se ae Spud om the londerueaetmen exe fo the ste mem § 04a Go) Wn ses Yan the permis ae f the Feo of sles tis Tae Sse we design may’ e eed wih new densons 2 Allo ad re kimate beasng sept 4, of He atl Foot fe eee n/ and we the fate citenon estes(0) Oban he towable besng apa 4 by viding te ate eset See hye fas of ney cetermied so ep 6 co ee. ond by mating bs We fokng aes (Compu oe we Toad with he ven vere! fad. THe footing Saar ary ihe alosble Lad i greater than he dsin SEP ta ees he design wih pl oie dimensions «5 ri lage sce of thet a. 16) an compare it mth he eee ‘The toting sg x sais De computed st ema than he perm Stee tne been ne 0b eve ih as ote Fea ae cectee developed above best tbe seated 4 cca euch » ds 6 emia onesie ls re ee peatiament an rt the beans expats, Teer, be peering ove ete ond end to be ewok 10 <7 # ft omy mere nd rere pea For noneabesine at Lis | | “| "y; ot jf | | to | ample 62 Designs fosng hati subjected to ttl verti oa of 78 nds moment of Bn The sl charactesis ae allows: f= O0Skg/en? $aIS y= ITS elem? ‘A wsittondvernssetent cve (Fig, 612) was obtained by cone acthg 2 sanardplatetond estat the ste) Porminible alee Of Be ‘Silemeat Se and ie # of the fotng se ven as 20 mm and 1, ‘spect 1 Piel imenions of fening_ Lev asime i mensions of he footing medic msquce as depth of 102 bow poodle 2 o/b From he aed data: cB on 03 ony on 2. Campa setdomets (oy Sutaaing th vale of c/s 017 in Bg (18) and (618, we Seven s ood oss (8) As he vale of permis setlement 20 a, Soar pe gigs Tat Co Hom Ea) = om nt = 54m Ses Bes a 5-Blarsme4 Platina tot at (G5 From the patefoad tt ea (Fig 6 1), the Besos ptesue onespending tthe stent 15 mm 824 kam (@) Wen te itoneconaagent method ed the alimate bering apa the pte 290 em Fate of he pe Figure 612 shows tut theft of hes i he 2 gene sbear fale: th the fate of he ata foun @ mx 2m wi) wl ‘become in geal shea! only 6 Factor of sey (2) The ltmate bearing caput goof the footing for e/8 = 0 [By tcadng the values of Np Aan 9 ava fom Fis 6810 aap fore B= Dana 9 = 35, wea Fen Es (61) 19 (619, shape acs y, By ad 3, ome out Br 075, 10)and 12 sepectvey for e/B = 0 and B/L= 1 Theo ‘ing shape factors with (610) ay (07S 5 178 200% 40 + 178% 100% 38 12% 25% 58s 1s a0kg/en? te» BB 575 (0) Toe tat of sty, 575 move a he ie aco of ey 30; theo he dag wil be done forth factor et safety I shoul betta tht since the ao ara gh vale forthe ange of ter] Fito he facto ol salty gant are thr HBS wobe Aone ood (G) The state Geaiog capaci ay of the Looting: By seading he Values of Ny Bey aa A hots tom Fas 68, 69, and 610 ‘pecivey fore) 0 TY and p= 3, we ee iye202 Ma 3tO Nn 390 rosa Eg, (611) to (613, shape fates yg and 3, ome ost a5 10, and 19, eyed for e/B= O17 sod B/E 1 Then, wg ‘ape ltr ith Ee 10 a= (0835 x 2175 200% 20-4175 100 31412 425% 39) da = 9 shefen? (0) 86 Pasir oratay ~ 38” 168 hele © Allsable td Oy = 15% 200 200 = 4 « which may be ses (4) Allowable loa Qi dose to the gven ver loud on he footing 101 Hence the doen le 8 Db "From Eg (ey The 042" ttf the footing i est than te perme vale of Thos, the degn an ste with reps tot cmadntons Therfare, te 35m % 2 em wide toting st tm below pond level has stable besiag capac) wel az undergoing setlcent adit ‘hin priible te losin Load on Fong Avzoding tthe convents metho of ans of fot subjected to an iinet fod (eg 43) ed oe os rel compat {nd hort! component Oye ttn Said fra vert! cel ii jt hgh the hrs hn wer statng Nee aby te ‘Bog apt a han ad aad by eating ol Boson ‘stance an the Bosom ce The ‘ul henaonaltsane ems af fase sl etunce ft Won sane Fath bse oe fing fem ot passive restance f= yl? Total ctve peste Pr avatars te ane Fc aes +9, ee erg Foggvan govt tint tigen mg cu . sew veimetine gm tne tuna cree pane reste © coxement ofthe URI conserabe m at tani (1980 BE se we Speen Ba EHD tended ie aus ob sat Mele 63). Te 463 nen tte ego aa arizona bases subjected to ineined Yaad i eee: eee eee Se a atl 64 Bas orate Sle feat yom Ei weit ofthe sil Conidesing men ofthe fer abet 0, the ene of tan Moment de te ces 6) wm | | | “which 8 the ange ol inten ction The white ad gy hes 3 moment lawn rims 1) SunlerT oe Combining Bas 635 and 638, we get, dane(errs Suse = aed nd Noe CA) could be seen that fou purely cobs si he spi Becomes & senile an Rare Dynamic Equa The contin of dynamic eit i eased by foelating an egeation {hit will dees the motion ofthe Yotgg le hay bean acted pony he raamie pls The ont cis a wrt! oad at cent Th fale of ‘He foo cents tom ¢ yea loeé that sce ool ae gh Hf shove the hse of the footing The diving Yores are the extra appli B= the sn ad coning onthe fosting ‘= the tine -epenea!dyeamic ue ating onthe persue The essing tres te = solleestace dar 9 eoevon B= essing forces enused bythe eceetcy of cent gay ofthe rotting sl mase om the center of tation ‘R= tstance othe dplceent ofthe cent of pave mowing = nein tree ofthe fale wedse Each of hte ores i considered separtelyTheta By dv eal nd Pa falen +m) way uc of eto? as en conse Te ose fh oe ot : 2) wane a supe he dma pe D epee 2 cto ne ats an one tse te tng abu eter ato Moye ll m o) tbe tics! fo Ry pt hod cer fon Con me eh ntl cee foam Teor. Moo ou Ine cates tng fc at lng gh fhe re ice nd samosas conte aon Man eR (45) Tane ond ~ V,/2 [Ea (640) When 9 = 0,5 cou te Senrobe equal o© Trae sce Ay is doe to the escent ofthe weit Wo the st TESTA as ‘astuncefetnmn the coner of amy of she i mass and te Teron Fi 610) [feineweinaon ou “he nptve sign inate that £8 negative and he moment is okie Denote anglerte Sian eI SERS TRIS gente co ty 2 meri quanti, by Nera m0 — om Theva comes it pay de Spacement of een of the sod mas te fare wedge cal postion Was ee Sing ayant ee ‘ie ae ‘ev hay pa Sak st =Reale¥) mig ha a Nhe ett i fe aoe een = WR sna = WTF sina Reering wo Bip 616 a 61 [[}Reoetnanny rs res 4) eT}“te nepvesign nts thatthe center of pay 0 he i of Yk etereay spain i Fg 6 Ioand 6 Me: [{yeoin nao 5-9 gam _fonatenets oo “3 Gunes er ju —ttesgetee 0) Spares yom we [ane le os thus 8 ao bros ex ia whiee pe Pa oT a dimensionis guanity Tee a et an aout he on fan: ral fran og 6s) ra) wos in wien an 1 imentnle quanti eeeelcmetar flare ura = 2/4 ‘Genet Equation of Motion By equtog the womens aboot the centr of stton ofthe diving anc My + My My My, By, By, My (655) tating the fms sod simp, meget 6%) a= feta (5) ‘she satura a easy ofthe yt and Anche om) Ba et os) Solio {he Bquaton of Motion ‘The dlerentit equation of motion develope i ve fr one exe of dynamic pulse The sumed puse cho in Fig 18 yy, tbe moon vale ft Rezo force acing at Sight 1 aoe the Bs he foot dy he tine diving whigh tans ths value The moment of ths pis at the ‘ott offtaon ean abo be represented hy ala hire sce Af egal ‘When <1 the ment sien by ae os) Maa 39) ——4 os pe it Dyan itetotes us emote equtions of aon one fore <4 8nd te ste fon >a / tot Ye ego tn fb eg ade 2-8) eH “Y= cyoonkr + Cink saat a (ea al ) tes The cont nd ae rated hl odo: hati 1 tea = 8 y0 bn ine é ay Selon or > 1 The utin of on now bsomes #h ecg 2-8) 6s ‘Te ston li ieretequton sm Gates inte AF) oo econ Cand Cte ele lls Foom fy (8 Hotens = 1) AE Bont oo Fron Fa 60 Hoth) = Gentes Gane alF-4) « caning to vet ¥ ses Gest Gint= A 2B oni Any, # eon from Ea (6, eosin ig = Mas aa) (66) From Be 669 Boren mi) = —Chsinkiyt Geol, — (68) by ening heats ot ~ Ghats Gheoiy= H (ay) 6) Soh he sino (6a (6D, we a = hits a ert oon aon Be eli a hts em Forte js Hay Geant Hoste +A(2-2) om[Numsicl Evaluation of the Sta Te soon was numerically caked oy the let of leet ve ie, suchas ll prop ong sewed rats of es ot ‘Suse fhe okay (ka and Guna, 9) The vas dient ‘Sina lat in Table? he etl ssc ford conse i aly hal the wile vle_ The fooeg sun’ a Hoon nme ad nly Se este eerie SGo'SH onto Gn oyntone motor dead se vad on et ite we ance i cle no ole ne wn ine he vale of taba anpe negate for aes Besson a ae tan sce moment Tl ly ens ‘ang suvace bus ot dwwoped The sma Steet of he dame peat bad br a Fae Phy whee Pe sate ond aot A's te Seat iss reese incared pada and hinchesked whee Sarria ie wlcn mann des pbe ae sete) osteo ct ‘eta otha wake change fou © poste the ie! elo anoh, ‘teat’ undetandig tte pe moto ot eon king ce. thea af unpctoutond vont tne adi ign 6 Bio 6 Nt ‘pie css Discus from ott ¥ sere in 19a 69 it may Be se Mahe in vate oy ec at esa sn fa dae gee He ‘ee hone ep wony he sum of We pues oases beyond fun the strwctuse will collapse omly if Yeu. if greater ‘in Timiting oxi oon oe ond deter with spt inet iain wag andes whe ig 031 e863 Tay ‘il fm the at amas wee nee me od ‘Sse fhe soi mame pes ins ve ue sor ens Swot the due A cnadra pron ef te nic anon se Seay ein oe sre eae eae Th ads tha fotngt on etal sl ate case of vvng yee deaf tia an Done oe eine ol Hoel he site ot compo f sds doe two td euttos Ie ‘ttl anh xed fom ns dictson ouB 2 sows ha wie fons uns smal mim defame sats La wwe et 2 Fetal vO 4in / the ie 2 a Ya te Pakt n 8 Fie 631 Ande tl ton #7 er Pd nt Chr 81) Fig 624 shows tat be draton fof he dam pu bas 2 mat a eon ofthe ale of fy nove tan Goals he VIVE Ye SASS Satin nana the pute is et been hangs a er te uate horizontal Symi ead hat te Foo aa ein ao AP wha Pe the sate fad and Ny te ee a ea the vals 1, ate independent ofthe varies A = = I T | om 628 Wh (he Pak on ch 87)(69 EXPERIMENTAL WORK annie esting stpaity of oon, re eta ace thse investi be dei of Coatings agin tol aes as 81 bee ros of she enerimental work od {der ponies ods th Tose fave bro contd a conection wih th The yeblem of fot behav ‘sey vested ee ucKec (96) teed small foungs ands statis and dysanic ont iymak oad ed es an pave oad obaie! 8 SOP t vee es aksonn Regt The tas were evosmed om Otg6 and, whch Sem om Rae denser 1 55/0 (953h/#?) and 18 e/o Garay “Tse dneasonl tess wee guste tnd 100 cm deep The Tota we ‘tai cng ih eigen of rm 25 0m (ist) 039 Fert Pe ene tous of act ftp te Botioms ofthe Nok (eB tnd The maxi dest ofthe sat ee dene late was ce TS em 123 By) Fo or oxtiments were conducted in x coms with to 2s i rm cnely 7 os tng and 4 em bigh paced about I ee ty ofthe sad in he esate te tenes ST die i tte, and in the fuse state was 138 6/! OS Wert sees un on esa sae ty one ofthe la sie 0 hat (eft) cull be en obecved Th ong wee 5c a Pea nS ioe long tof betwen the ss sts, Figue 625 sow conducted in oe spposimately 120 68 ae of suming They we er £35 le pte eng md a () am as See en (9 De ptm or gar st fg he Set {pos a ature ace i chang nto nba pre a ‘he tet sor a nena herd ee ae ei stown in Fig 6236 The ad daplacren i ot hang aby whe he ‘ti ult td Se eon feng io se ane ie pats cotespending to mei and to one sided fares " the atorton ote sand cena somnunay seed foo boos of a aera a Dynamic Tess [a tue pers in dani ding we of en nel leet 2 heen ih Te yt ee i fina Sera es te he dni pn ota aly of te sod mound (Fe 626) sronn het ater impulse Jing was ren stows ou for ic ta a sb) snd Beng eho Ot enont by spine wei co sf sends nig 7 og me a a en desing th hop Doe THe iho da onal etenet er ed a ee oes devs nthe dra Ce nt ete me ave ned wh hot fame dm cn th lee ee ee oe ah ee ston 8 aici ere - rion was therefore satisfactory. er a i a a eds when a wei of 132 ME 7 ae hom Femes onee 1 T coed om 8 RSE. ur in alan ta es, Hom la one ie, serene creel 39 sen ae Wah pat decyl To coed I a an he ee eo hg amd MK then sty same ce he ds of formation ie conto tyseven see ee peo ci ote subjected 2 ef sve un Shenkman and eke 6) ee eae py wc dame fn aude aed GN stl pa ace tybapnd men cae ee Fa ed forse an dapcenetsne Hers tyo-ennna La on Tong he rest) et pred sae i eS pane wor Tom 08 2 Sem ne St ond Socks ay, THe Hace wa cae ct ool ft | METS soa oe The ane 8 essing wp 1 272 (000 1) Seno te ns ha cod be Seep 2s oF Some feos me ls Svea reece aoa of Toe al mao coll be male GU lag om ow an ed decay vase hom att 30 ena ett pal ot ch mae soa 10 oY Mares Sepa ented or tr dy tos cate ents a tod g/o nfo wen ereponded 9 6 po itn ne dire pf mea ston Fe cay Seb na sou a Ties sonata eee Littman’) Soe eh ck emeponer fo sse SELB SCRA at pes ow enna bee “te ccnt sone of cy ton pcm wet of he oti cute a icons oy war hy move an he rd peasgticmagar began wei) Tae mse es 12 Het magn 2. asc ne deans tes ne yoormed Tew ing cnet atau tas dec Forde tes om nh te poate SLAs 13 ts poco oe cmp ate se SOREN ta tne ner oe ob fe ys te SeuSeane bow nn sn in ma To game dyamic son og in ly anal om 7010 pce compu ste bug ce ‘stat mateo ae rhontn TeeS Pee Cuan nn wan ede fore odes reine tang cp fms name nena ath SEDER IRITR Win ater bas Te coor ay. boner, Title 6 Ress of smallacle sate aa jam ess om san ad y™ Tae tnd —Aie Decl Deny Fst ern mine Madine iy, dos, Sac, tt fae Bree ge gee gee ea ete nk So bee2 i i LT eee |e cas ot a PUTS. Wie seater ena, ut this could be dae to experimental errs Move du 5 sth eae port Vets as and Woodward (1969) performed tee nese ay Peel fokings paced on deme sand in a fake 17 oo ers om deep oth oy and sibeetgrd sand ie wee Pe FRA la onda tthe fogs was vai from abst 25 5 10"* feed Toe cam Contnons tcf ad and eaten wee ee that ihe Rearing eapuclty ofboth dy and esha ohne seine ate of eg nae frm ow to model ad als ee Os rm/s (Fig 628), Howeve, 0 Hang was fees Yaa of ee te rend tenn eben cayucy Hess 6 Wo aces was ot apron Tn he sured sale he eee Cn sce an the a values werent Ses pet an te Tenvenpoating aan in sae i ap tha ie shear cng of aad inseases 3 1oang te ene he ders a beng capacity wp eo acer aan ancy oon dtaon sea sent of soe Howes oa ene cpay with aie rat ol log ot reece rt sn the ano eon Eton ny sands 0 fst san ppc, eter The andl sucag of ur eng tt eo but 13 4 20 percem overs static dines suet a ne berg cpa of subege and dat 0 ReAENE Pt se i acetal seen eoneps pwc in send {611 FINAL COMMENTS tuoi be sen tt stint the pons ave Bee pearl tenets i 1 Sayan ne lasing Anes slsons have Ben Oe! ana id Indingconitons and eae ole Pxseimentl fo hy eral suns ave nt Do secu ep and Se ot easy obtain The Indian Standard species ince in allowaie ean capes natant "aTC nates ere a tas Signed fr e/ but inten sd omen or petance tes CTR tell nga a BW poison onde ong ey se Te te renga ae A ‘Fundamental peaking definon fr Syma bin en Syma betng capacity bs 20 “Sooer important quem is that of origi ntacton Footings we ateqs tonne wih the color aad tw apersncere. Three the (edicted vtdements and ls ae going io be differen than those estimated ret te stated for "Valtoe (907, 1978) Sa bphighed be incon peblem and has ofced an apoach fer song by consering the ouston and supers SES SN ad ce hae ‘See hee ne be se San nlm ny iy we racic fo onan laugh recommended 1 tenga nay cay be tiny he Maser (959) meta enti mre ds a acrne Fine ci stint ad ts may be deemed by met Popo ty sash and Suan (97 197). net neti [itconnecting bee be pocd i te foundations as cently ‘Reonmndel byte Appi Teco Cove (97) REFERENCES Spi i hy Sat St nd St coo i ig pf ‘an of Fag ran Sh Seana he er ene tee nh Wa Re Sh Dat Lng aie a Reif ein Sul rbogeg Tt Seo a rin Bn eet a Ra 9 1-7. a Seon epion ang oti 1 HOE ct Se ea ean tin Motes 6 set ome aa Setar eae sa St a te net ing oe nt A nl nS Post rpc renee ama nk Tenn Fonte Egg” Bo bo uns SASS ese Paden hq Ears” Sort Pashie thsi eon ets eye owas HB Ce a Beng Ey oun Ri on ni et a to Btaty Lb! Fotng J Set Bn ees Tat We Pea spa tarts” in Cn sean Sealing Camu Footings Saba to Moments PhD. Thess Uae CESSES SEs ne nto ate ta Ae Sat tn ttt Fn Senet oe aint A, Mm ase et a ae ne re ah P'9T ten pe Fon fr are tains” Pe fear ae tras ee es wei Anil cy Da Bie Cnty of on” AD EM Regen of Cans Fn pedo Cee Si, Pre Sa Te a a at Fat Manse oe vents AS! Dn ua anon SW 7 “rt nd Sel ans Yaeger a Ee enema ie Fasano Be ee Seen Got VseiA'S/b Rnd? A Wee" ena Sty of Date Bae Si Fe" Po Pi oh a Ba| | _ ee SEVEN PILE FOUNDATIONS 174 GENERAL, “When te sss emednely beneath » sete ob shallow foo eo Wien ie tyuvetr, tr ep ofthe foundation een 80) est suo Spoor Teach as head f te sce ay Be egy ot te sabia Brough ple Foundation, Se wee ae wy Sie ina sve AC a nt ea sion ps ra teed ple tenn OG nating Sv Fe tne se and ered once S005 cece ong oes stn, comreson and DG eae not ei aed A i ee eelbl pies inde vib, Fas, ree, Rae aye Zea ence, mote ang cob Fo Baan Peis caer ised tote sauce cs od a he nlite aay le es wl sci Pn alone yan eatin of talon anon ‘ey ee led rune uaa nd yar aay 7 age pe Sea iene presen "ples im sant and GAY sok nates wean athe i es sree uncon ara Gses of ws ners ita wi ao be deesib 172 PILE HAMMERS ‘pee given by lows natn, wi eee 1 25 86 Bisse dine a pe bamibe ide eter vray of 3 48 Incite eat maybe Ide Basins ail rough 2 ope an imation ten ep mt ane ied by stam pss owed ofl ude Siesta ca are see Si i dorm tne ait sed al othe dovowe me ig am he et 9 td rs al nt ect nd i nde ‘Spe a let me ete mens ent Soe he met rn oe ed esha nie Toston ington pls gem Sen See ‘hig lara eae nh depo upto ORO as ees sinh cet nese hapin Haag ees The puncle of sfvatns as ben excel employe by Soi geese A at ee, ani of cr ares Sree Sc mc mone op fe ple The etn oe imal a ubramy dens Mostated Fig 71a" A ted! 7 [eatinitator consis of sats in pis geieetopther and ven by ¢ moter ECULSSES 2 ech ave mounted on the salty a eqn! eet € FesSthc comer of the sale At tant I he centers of Both ce ee Sac ate sive a he Hosa fore is z0 At ott 2, er REE Mer coins the bozo fres eats bythe two ese SugGaetr each vier and thre 0 component offre i he veal BEGLo tn peng vm pnt to psion 2 te hoon Fores Balance fever ate and th ee fc ae adv ‘Te mun rea fone ie Pag mime a andi vassal wi ie om meine a ie ick yh (She regueny of ion ‘igte 71 shows dts of aviv (Dalat, 1962) Levin (1960) esis he prteas of the vibratory dover ha wee wed ine USSR. ‘Song the 1950 The lornton x mmaaed i Tale 71 Wel operates enya egieney abd has the Folowing sacra ar Fe 7 1 tn body he vibetory machina, coming of sel box with tise fide ells and lope a te ape corms for ang he ieee FEENEY thar seh cose mamas sr tached comseted 10 ody ofthat by rings bhai foranachng te pl tote wyatn S2Sticinoe. ich gaued wie the working shat oh the a0 omer ‘he conc! base satchel to te bottom ofthe wbrstor by bats Thi cone hon atahe! the ead of th pls whch sinks as et of Be ‘iar force The VPA is low-tequeney, eh pin "The comtnon of te sibcrny der permis separate cnt of Clase equeney he magnitude of he ecting free, ad the Jad mares ‘Thus nbutoy ders adapted for syneionous operation and ba bec wa Tevee dehy of sa RCC tel am long aod 16 min dime, with = wot thse of Dem ich tsi weston ies fxr dts re sin Tale 72 st itor that may Be we in ‘Table Parcs of boy ines ne inthe USS.R* yeaa se tn | tng mtn sn ho ame 90the baton uni. working stout 9m aay sank 2 i EP Mee pi eeved ony show 15 em Gu during ths ped. The od Pitts wan versions and wih some ala was of it Ia ye Mie Ce Ihe wovatoy wt insta apd exacted a 25m S40 pe rae eee te tenn hae drove pe only 36 121i i Te bsg of the sn ese the nets ened fo be EB Aegoeny operon a 0 OD He, opposed frequencies rans ftom to He forte Roman and French machines we cra hen of energy the vibratory bummer conic less than dtm ecosentnal ame. because in theater, ch of the ey BPs cupted i comprenang he eosin Becks ding bed i Be a H a ai il: ie Mr. Albert G Bodine. Jt of Calitoenia designed a Bodine sonic bammes,} fy en eG eo an egy ad came! tobe iy [Bee Ta ee ret eye one au onde hae 7 tance ceed . se ee naka ie sie nome te i sector Hil : “Tle 72 Mya aor dive feat?soi in onecoming the ri tte ile sel and in kin ton eat ‘Gy dscloptetwese wily spaced Bows “ee fa inentge of te obratry bummer that aan de ding pee he endcryegcpssty ca pe canot Be inated “Hen Os oe suerte tow png poplaty Coupon the wok 13 ALLOWABLE LOADS ON PILES owable ads on ps may be stiated by he flowing metho: ering Formulas : the asic ce ofl ining for hat ery ofthe Bama tl ing elite vane ts ote ae ee under ne woking nd es & diet featon (0 Be? o,f (ie impact fhe tee hey ae bing ven, Ts he Stan eh omens Sere an np oe aoe rr als penton of ele det ech Now The bt rane a ie tate compen ot th ply he Det he pacing ae en plea tthe ie of the The pas see seis sl dnt appa a met dani frm (Tomlin mip elas ae often cl fretting es ch a srahat oe proportional othe dynamic esstance eelgrass i eaution ve Ben et by Chl 96) an Bowes 97) wae Byation Iiiswell wadestoot Ht pile iin i ot spe ese of pat, whic ay Ue Setyty Newton wn nied ple an cave of ong i ee el Hd tified testo ad ee at De RTE hammer a comprston wave propagate hough wh = whee, e 69 Inich £ = Young mod file mati and ~ is mat deny “Ta daseegustin tapas eit eso Tod estas, te tee i dongle dang ving adie nate ou apy of te pile a he ie of {Geng ver ding otetanee in pl (low em) hs tw oman wave natn a ae Pace sach sot on te divehed ap the ple ts Fe 736, he ane flop snigaton i show with an option ciation ised eoween te drehend pe cap) andthe pile In Fig 734, an ideied [pedir ode istiseg wheres the rts an ple cpa considered © etpesen andthe ses cabo opto ple Cashion ae considered © Reming The ple vised fto seis of luted mates coneced by Smings ach tothe muses ne srtepaste secs a dashpots that Sut the restece of the bal. The time-dupacement belaor of the ‘aloe scm anand by starting when the Name! raw sees he pt (Schen at an mil spctied noc (Dato, 1975) ‘rca am alate estan A forthe pee nse andthe analysis ie peta to determine the net vt fe ple up the ese ste Ghibing tetance, which lly expenad fo ows po inch Co) BY ‘peated appllcnion of he rocem, slice number of bp pits ean be ‘etd a pote cuvette sate ine, peak foc hay ping the ‘Shem canbe obtained and wanted stein ke ple ces section ‘ke etal of he dts otsne rom a wave-euatin ana presented in Fig 7 tnt ese a ig OD ¥ 0575 (4 cm OD X094 em) TS 1 (225m) long ple wa eoneisred embedded 381 (10 m) Teas ase th { perceat of he tana lad spay cocred athe i, andthe remaining 5) perent esd unr ove the embsied orion ofthe pl The ple ‘Tl hien wih» nT Venn hummer fo wich a liceny of 7 pres ‘Shateed propre The hammer cision wor anda slominamesatta “The slid ne in Fig 73 he late esinane Ry atthe tne af ving otal ves bp The dashed line he ten sn the ple had pled ees Ep For example, at IO bp the uit resistance of the pls 150 T and the ‘uses ee ile head apronsely 212008 /a Ee pe ven {ott and st lad te plone to alr, hes cto canbe defied Ie thei cae the mate oa capa) aproumstly 10 T, he pela wi phos the cored sive Im soch ate capacity By yan forma els “ihe teaning to ssn Fig 73 ae fonctons of oil bang tat ake pine afte ving sary sl Conan setup ov Hee owe afer the Sin ping nd ate cy tit ted apacy fa te eazple shown, 4 pnt iv inated at 200 Ty thy Shvoninatey 0 Tof fice or ieee in ple apc eects ae ig THe third cine sorte when the load te capaci fale below the peeled ‘posi ia Fig peat shown 125 Tindsntng at teanaon of 25 Towne ater driving Note tht the cad capacity computed By the wave ‘chnton muses tnd at fltence to define the amount of eee ‘Sinan that ovcus Fox fin pplstin of te wave equation meted fo Tesco ofthe problem of ple eng, eeeace may be made to Davison {79, Homes (977 and Feder] Highway AdmnisratonPabeton No TP Ye 10-134 Tt as een tepid by Chel (196) that resus from He's Terma. ages ly wel mth thowe eben by we eqton exept at te ‘ferme tend to undeestimat the capac lng any ples and mandsge 19 ead psn rs an mr cei Aa BET ale tT a ns me ance ts Pe ‘Seaae er ton Satie Formulas ‘According a tai fxm the tl lon-aryngcapnity pile he sm t codsbearing nd tonal eine along the sat (Tmlnon 1965, Pek {al 1974 Pakash eat 1979) Vales of sin ton for dferat ois have {eee aberved and a bl of reommiendd vls en y Chel (196) The end bering computed by aang forms of what tering capi fer sow locings developed by Teaagh (Eg (60) Bena pes ave dle aay deep Tootgs, an estate bad on Teraphrs appoxmse tering ‘Sosy ome tition it one din by iter 2 sti or 9 dynam fad The ‘ite atlaced othe end ots pipe By airatly Ging the coe athe "end baling aod hcuon value et it ale can be eaiaed (Meio, TS8; Menzeotack. 1961: Veen and otra 1957; Shama, Ted). Moyer (ive preset an extent snd ete tpot onthe ec Ft frie dacuson on eof cone penton tx ai or decmina tof allowabe fad ona pil, teetence ma) be mat Tominson (163) tod Paka eal (309) tad Test ‘oad test ona working pie i een or ng job andi te best method ‘ull fo asetaining the allowable esd on pl la toa ekg eis tamed a vote te according tthe Indian Stade Cae of Price ot ‘pponed oan nal eon ne le Ins tute te, the pl ened te ies the etinated safe lud-aryengcaacty of the le The had applied su the cap oul By means of # Syd fek, wed ‘oa stlenent 8 forded Rebound fhe ple hed recede tel ad tt permed Then te net setlement whch iste cferese ot tual setement sa te sound ofthe pl competed The tt load ppd in eal nstalnen about ne ith the esmatd sae toad The ln Het conta tthe tne of movement of the ple top ir not mre tan 2 nh ASTM Desi fon 1134 ger adele dessin ofthe egupment wed a Re rue lich a oad et in ail compeson exer too ple owen te ‘hod of neitetuun aot le The sf oad, sp the Ian Snded (1S 291-196), sed asthe | twothids ofthe fn! oad a which he ol stement atin a valve of 1 ima uses mote wetdeneat i pete fr 3 part suote 2 ovis ofthe taal load af whic te et setlemeat acest 6 mm thls eure setdement it pemisibie175 CONVENTIONAL METHOD OF ANALYSIS OF PILES UNDER TATERAL LOADS. According to convetonn) anaes, te Dendingresstance of ile it ise (ded Two eases may mse Pies Subjected to Moment (Case A) This ani i tad on the foi assumptions 1 Te pile ap it 3 TE Bison cacti de to moments proportinsl ot dance fom he ener guviy ofthe pl rp 3 ‘The setlement oft ple propertonal othe Tod ating om hie gue 752 shows «ile soup subse to a al vet load 3Y at he cer vy of he oup anda moment 6 Rencn ia cach ie eats ‘Fea teal pd moment ae shown n Pig 7 band vespetely In i Pest lade the tu of twe im Fig 7 Sb and The ste bods would ‘epradcedfS were tate sneer e where : on seman ein 3 ne = me ee 7 sec ea en so se " 4 os Sting MP and 2 ems oF om Eq (750) in Eq, os) aso) ose) ur roeoins 20) ere 75 cmp tp isin woe (2) Seon veh eu (6) Land baton ee ose as Taek sa (Rat inn i oni pc tases eae Im Ba ('Sé).n stands forthe number of pilin which ota. ‘elated, anf heres a ment EM fn the othe plane, can ess Pye gy ‘an a, se) in which me the aumber of ite ms Plein theo plas and dy =the distance of‘rope 71 The ple goupshowa in Fig 7S is sujet aout the ns BORA anil! oad ef 500 and moment of $00 +m and 250 = ‘Reevwey Comput the msi ad mma ads othe es Sonos at sdi= 205+ 192 10H! sae 405408 Piguet othe maximum eastins hls 1p, SRLS , 20205 aan a ease ts 52st 168751 is ete othe sales reaction: hres, 975 vulit nis smo tht he es eit ll moments hy tension a comes sion igh sot bese ny beading The aera morse! of the ie pop snes Pies Sabjected to Lateral Leads (Case B) Because the ples eased o wit either tension or compression ot cant the ples mt be west foie vo Tat the trl on is pepe rae eaeijoup Accoing to Calms raph etods ps oe Sar ne eth pes Iti ao ued th th psc oop ses aa yal axilla The allowing ste ae Followed 0 amaat theless 1 Draw a sineasiona skete af he pil foundation (Ft 754) 2 Domicihe eme ne leash soup of paral ils 2 Doo een of ana op on ei non & 4h abe ete et cn he en op an 5 Role Rint Qand V0 ting pet band being at 6: Group 3 subd to ol ax vce * 4 Ree loud 2 ino ail oa along te conten of group 2 and gto4p 1 Qyand Oy actalong te contin St poupe Band heey Ups ae hives oe tan Ee econ, tbe ple eee ae compouna te “he macro wove ioe he cps of salt witstand alan ety op ban brn Hee “arama pie sj i aa nd with ason fr -silpile interaction, is discussed i the following section . fore 16 ACHION OF 4 VERTICAL PILE UNDER LATERAL LOADS Te bo wea pyc othe prob of tery ond pile vse Ht Mai ot site methods (Reve ad Mate, 1950) Te the ht any x ase that maxi sol stance ns aginst ste ple, shows it Fig 76 Tn ths any assumed ht the enh ot {fe So's cmon mh douh aad that le Slee slaty devon tts (ahr ar and Mack SS)236 sa wre ign 790) nd (5 Eitan aed tre | ju estne ls the gh cnieed Sai sent ay be nied i sess be leech ma ead se soo se nari Fe ge delete hy te pi nla sl ns | et Sas sah stay de pew ten be rte | PRSESEINSN on re, 1. For ate csi me. te ae ae tcaan» a pen oe fled by econ td SRL Tule pon oon Aan a are Saisie By We 1 he cha so i pled by 2 eee inant ene eis sg Te sacs st ee Sie) ieee 18 We enn Dam on ae eo sen be wien es ote he es vera hl reo oa Forth eae eNREE SEN oeercarte ls son(d) 08 Inwhich y= valve a atthe ipo he le 2 an length lng the pile 17 acoelient equa, gest than, or sms han 1 erg (959) ements hat be ake approxima ety fo sat tnd ao cst ny. sto hee ae a We fn of 13 may be mace spp fer tn Bene tat 155) For cys they tat sel fm pest tes aoe a, shina vale a Fert se pl ted Ig) tena ee a SS ml Dn at BS) & bore ne 09) ‘nich m,~ constant of mods of tvantl mba eation (Ae Pe nd spn ayThe ines in wih depths roneshesve sian eral eed ys ass dw to fn ttn Ths se een bia eset Seng wi depth av cat of overbsden presen atl depeston {it comeliatin peers pedtocon saree wi ph To ny res lang ant the coepondng eqn ease oda of sol en fenton ecresng dfecon Tash aed Agsval (36) soporte et dts on model piles sbecte 1 tested Sam abv he stad sara The pelea wee 1.2, 3 10,0 and cn he destin of pleat ground lel, bow in Fi Tio tian in athe pl engi ene he ound efecto ple! ensant co ston eeresr ste tor ud This ects i datectine Sum ist at ary apne Subsequent tte decease th beyond + ‘vel ag ofthe pio. the Geto ae nat material lected. Th {ene fs ned sheeting th pr This eng woot vous Ses oto of pi stnew £f and toh bles ke peter the pit See ae anger testa, Be eal The enc nt long pl” canal be dere to Soni one Tig 76 Bocas a each se adsl ely tp defection of {he ple, bviou that, fora pen bad and ple secon, ere 4 ‘Sisto pe leh teyoad wich he deen he pl se epe ie enah corona Te ny fo magne that fore etn of he ily nde eve ad and at any depths compoet he pay move ad a ich ie to cuveure of te pie Toe buet darencr athe pe sis 2 ‘Sets ile te hag ema these I he pe bees is! eu ‘thm ts dfnchons, ufo surat, maybe nel compared wi SoS ovement ie aed wip ne oe apole Analy express cmt: wi be devaoped subsequently in the chapter fo asving pis a nine logon at ‘sts stn, a laedelormation ean in si ae ively notioe car (FT) For loads le than one thd to onsale ae lucy, Se loaddtecton curve can be adequtely expel by ingen modcles For lier oad east modular eve spproprate Toe scent modula kpeadest upon load evel Thesoresppcaton of he teay of tne slsiy tothe wlution of ple problems ot wll) junds Boweve, to ‘sont fr he nomneaty between the load sad ple deletion (orl ‘esicance and pie dellecion ews apmoches may he adap | One may ep septa application of he shat tery. So resisance mad ae adjusted upos completion af enchant tiactoy ‘orpabty i obo between the prot so behav andthe Tend ‘lleton reaps regued by a laste plato and Ree 192) 2 Therein Between he sect dl sn the tnget moda eam be Satine in eros of stain lev a nthe case ihe atoms teteea bear modal a difeent sais in Chap 4 Hevesi fel ss long the length of tbe ple have not bas dena, and a constable {tount of eench i nade 1 sae ths problem Guidlines on mot ‘alert be adap for» preter prolen ate dashed mx risque ‘ection In any ese, the ial computed ales of deflection and beading ‘Sones te not vey Seve to hanger so neve 17 SOLUTION FOR PILES IN NONCOHESIVE SOILS ‘pial foundation pe of enh 1, a ht sles £1 shown in Fig 112" The depth is eased downard rom the grand ine The boca ‘sions a the tp cont of an posed ment My and s shear and fs shows acing in» ponisve sna The soll made raion for Whewt WK T 7 F 7 Z rigue7 Ya shows he (0) cv ofthe pile nee hs tye known it ene 8 Se momen ses ans etton, which a so 2 decency. The acoso wih Ge defen of ple yes pend Ope Mae EL ob pile, hy of sl 1 ‘afintely Fone ple sand fg, he characte Heng fe nti Teed te rete seen tr, tested of Lr Ey wae thf, touph ello 1 pei eit naa pose nest Now x=) may beers at yx) = es Tibi ke El Oy Me) tie beavior is asumed, dt in wich 62 aw the detetions ate small ood i al rin arpecton way be apie There he lc of a pa ciel and imposed torment My ray be conse sept 2 tae Jo Or Sign convention al shown i ii oe 735 epi of he riot mein heey (OFSon eu te Maa ot vee Ue ere th dation cased by the ttl fo ‘detlection caused by M,, the total deflection is eed oy the . on ay thro, 8 the sain y,/Oy andy /M, tat ae portant i the ‘sic stun Thar the solton for Exes Aan bay Be cea BrMetabten ose Beware ren om in hich fund fg tet dere fonctions ofthe si and fe nf the sme tas teach cs, er ae ema oo dines Gove and eg) ieee te ore, fow independent, nondimensooa!poups tat can be fried Thessrangamets chosen ae (Matlock and Rese, 12) Cae 8 ybl x by at (me) Serta 4 at oy Fexmulted above can be sigs the toting anes nd mba a) os (nim iptcitem) OW | te a ti) am 2H, (atsacatonta Cae) (etn cate can)—0 om e ‘Proceeding in a similar mannet, the soluions for other quantities may be consti — Or MT esc se na aM om i Neves My AO,T 4 Bay om i : roe tae Fan dol) OE oe tet . “ cm Ay S48, from te hy «beam on et oun te eatin ob effected beam is ‘ " “ athe, was From Winka's hypothesis p = —hy Sol eatin is alway nu ection ‘oppo to dation; bene the nga ig aid The bane eguaon fo ‘mona dass ot, or at ede play ton bone Bedyno om Beste the applied lal oad Q, and an spied moment M, have Seen serie spate assding wo he pice saponin? Ey 39) Cae 4 +hyro om) cue 8 toro om) Subsituting tory, A; and $i nondimensonl forms em Eae (18, (17 and 15), respecte sn By (7 2 and bh we btn 7h aa 9 (72Ia and), we ob “4, A roeano om +, fhe sermno 0) To oth «parca tof sostinesonsl 4 and B exit, ie sexi to stay o) a tod 7 er tnd nd oh a when a ods may bese ncese Sly with dept (2) may Oe eat ts Tene sshulung for A hom Fg 79), we gat Bain nel" pene om vz osees and Matlock (1986) who defined 92) an 7 ove obi ie ine Mes at 29) by singe Teitenes met fe caren ad A efecto (9) slope (sh mamet (A) sear (Vanda cece soar Gy and My ie shows 0 Tables 73 and 74 eet (atch an Reese 1961) He eee ary conbione Qp and Mand the reing 4 8 co oe an be dered so at pecs ivi ote Bow, etic ae nly some retail tp) may be sed (Gere and Mato, 1986, Mack and Reese, 196) me and Mal ge) shed tat by considering he sil woth a eters pen Ba (1 form = hy Land 2, he eens aed Tron fm a momenta he row sae in he delcton sed the es ee eo aprceble Twas fester shown tat coe al A tl neater mmc emt |e eee OY a ee Etc ie Ptah mt | ihc aaa | |1 - ! i é - [pode | Tt] ot eeaey bo = ot i | ( L | ol Lt mney ore 734 Nstigenin Neig ome’ ei Soi Somttome y sh hse sof curs, the despre pre Tt made of whats been Condon are Hao Sil ‘gems th sesnd an rd Eianiesckaran (197 Abo, mode hrc heen sated Once He mole “ fatal soup sen ad thi cumin these can Be il odes ca be speed to 8 matt papi he ine pod foe “stipe hen, et an 1) ees frdesmng staal wr nba ave a ten plated by open ee me eo ee epee the ce 3 4 For tte computed vale ofthe mui deth fact andthe ie tod Eendiion fad the egueey fete (Fg 723) 5 Bsumate ite dnd at on te pte Thi provides the mae te pile op. 6 Gags a (742) or (3), determine the mts ego, (6) Set mogul sonst wih dep wan Feast are 2) (0) Soll mous proportional ep sy Rat Ys aSant Sat ann pats ad a ee a ececton rac pe se wpm Pr state aft Ch on Dean sro 1 Tn abe Em Sata 7 compte bee pil Ty 24/8 3 For he comguted ime pel, dee st men 8 Suma deg om e754 For ee ten Seen {Spay tne Tie mati doce fl 9 ate th mi Benno ne (a) Sol sda sostant wih cep ne te seta dilcemeat 5, or ening moment = dg KA? Sy ay ‘The maximum value of 4, ave n Table tg see pce en i pd able 76 Maxi asf coticeat4.* (©) So nous increasing tina wit dp Bending momest = By, mg? 8, 4) The maximum ale of By, Siena Table 72 Table 77 Mima ves of coset, ‘he ple section needs tobe checked apis hit moment } For the maniawindiplacement atthe pound computed above, the di {Bssement al along he engi of the ple maybe detcounedsyprouray by asuming the deteuos a per te tolton of Duviuon se OU SE and Rese an Matlock (190) forthe wo cass af al oes a ‘actions ten computed sl slong the pu ests one (@) For si edu ona wh epi naky (7460) (#) For sit modus nest varying wih depth 466)he outlet recon may be nena ht copending oe ane re pee nd Pest, Pah a me ston be obtained for the two cases of OE: seamen at ts nt en te play enn ms in SET REP Ss SSS ie som 6 mt oa lad er see by in ersition The ‘ses a, bendy moment, and vil reactions under static loadin ae ts er crue aig 8 Fiat aes. pl age sh om uample 7A ie care nec lon of 7 61 ad he cs eam aps 3 nls 8 Cat wh = 20" ert Rafe ander dyeamic ulin. deve He 1 maxim dnacement af te pil ead 2 ania bending moment in he Fa eicon figram along the gt oft pe “Aue tat Er ofthe pie = 38 100 kpc? that te diameter eet nals mpoor = sxc se eon tage? 2810" p18 7om atws sen ecsse Zu > 5 iis 2 Toe” pe sap 4 oom Fig 1226 208 6104 Zyn > $908 = 11 Fo 0 65 He ile be Fo. = Lor pike tend etn agi otto Sens oa) =H ortiad/s nace, = 1 A asa ser yatta chasoams Sig oom Fg 72567-0515 pl diene! 5208 in2.0 em). “ To acno cfleson of he pleop 20 Sie 9 Maino eng nomet cna, oy =02is <8 ina 20 198m Sie 10 For sei with modal inceaing nay wth depth Ants ‘heer (Constant it the above eqvaton i 52. v= 0814, 75 ‘The soltign of dllecion and sail eacon along the t pesented in Tale? peek =0801 Thevtoe,26 son pres “Tale 78 Conan of and along tu pil ena Example 73) ‘Table 78 Compuction fy, aa ong is ene a2 atom "som Theat Sapam 9H set ee enclose frie i id ested TESomoe The al rau ae flows: i if it ‘Aoi ention diagram can then be compte astute the ie Oi i fre trou hock on Design Trams ey of tee ee stress na | ERE SEES on tn te ie ag one 2251075 cm Foran ar By of end nea inepation ay be mide 4 Cotpate te manana being momento fo dp ‘Man = 23 emt) erolted cach pis ad # new sgn 4 The sl raeon need 0 Be bed sete en sas nade during Slut ening oes tt oa aad a Bane Tefen ee heSa8 of aatc and dynamic quate, The tol dplacemeats need w be eheched Sosins peril diplacements Steer inthe mater of he le nex be ompeied wit th alloabe suewesAllowsbe sal vention at any depth ed in which y= unit wight of i anc b= wih of ple a» vivke/em an 740 SOU. MODULUS VALUES ‘Terzaghi (195), based upon bis epaizace,ecommendel ale or he ot ler of hanaontal subpaterencnn fea he constant "Aare namber of stall tot have ance bon tepored i the leature‘On the bass of anass Davison (196) recommended values f rnand t for dilient types of soe The mere fred er by Davin {ibe onthe bass hi rte ek (Lab 79) temo che ane Serena brat At Dn (0) Th i gp at ad pa Fora pilininary desi i resarimende that the values of om, De tales om te show table Fora oe ec eximateo the sol ode or {pen problem» ul sel tt oy be organized 11 GROUP ACTION Fler ate mot tn used io groups. Therefore, te vlbe ol aseds to be Coveted. The lowing guidlines may be wd 1 tithe centr tocentrsuciag nthe ction of oun 8 8 dn whic dis thease ofthe pl an he consent suing leat 23.4 the dsston espns fo the lend ere 8 BU ationtease the tetova oF Kar chines te alin at of Tecone ete aKa 5 Telne bad is apbed ns eepented anne, the dl tle has been bse Thaeict, Calagrande 1996, 1979 proposed the eral void slo a6 pose lero fr deciding sands ithe es woud guy or 0% 1 Pees cua vod ras sna than oe eel vd ai, thy wil ot eel ‘HOnever ifthe vld ranger an the een ved ate sai os nd oe sands il gil dng seu if dsiage prevented cece (sh) proposed a mead for demining te ica vid rato Diane tan evs ve pfrmed a iflret ial vi as let Fr be ingen volume Se ate peak pan plo agin che ta ven cee estat eorcponding ota volume change (30 =O) tee wo ase ‘igre 63 shows ypc plots of volume change and th inv ai ey for sattteg Fort Pek eam sine ets ayton, 188). “Te er vod at found to depend upoa the costing resine The fotioving airs mee sbi for Fort Pak ote z gee 49H tava in So a ote 0) u sacercro ot ons 29 Gs, seca oi nto ot «unique popes of se sit “The cones litt pe the sade icaon of ada in. an tute 1 de 93 Som Sat The eal vos rn is deteined in Suid saue tts Sc ondng condone as labaatey ae ently ir ht lom tose in nature daring earthquake oe hom nba eu ‘Shy not be apie ld probleme Tayo (948) uggsted ta sige the Glos of shocks w aot Gteined in te forthe scl vid tat, all Itboratry onsale fest roms and all ata on erica void rae (ined fom mach tts can be acepted a repeventing side Hgutaton ‘oncton in nstie ont 0 iat dele fo which Sach condtons in ate ae feof the dynamic fects that are ot present inte laboratory tts Ths Inducer enous gp io sppvng bear tet sus Bel problems ‘WP Maslov C957) propned the concept of cca axcelaon. According 10 sh cones tnd wl uly he scserton of atendan ota pete the the eal aeleuian Tae alo tal cession depend eon he ‘nara pean The Mb dig ft coniton at (eal 2)and tne stem on pine XX oq 1a) In cnn by veal So real by an umount 220d root re eres ‘an equal amount; the eriting Mole gram i shown in cok 2 Tt may be seen otic normal se on plane XY vat ogl toa, xt sha eel © saa as bended inl in condom ee vera sues edad by {ean hoon se ences by his amount. Ain the revi ‘Rese condon potices tts eal on plane WX but thar 8 Se oss intte oppose aezton Wo th or eanion® “aby tinge sale 0 equviam unde an ambit sex coh son undies sylng the etal snd onion seer between congo 6 nda rig 2 the ex congo on pane 2X wil be theta a asco THowwontl plane is Fg 433 ‘e T T r he #5 Scans oii sine nd ne maar The cyl sues changes ried to induce the dtd sess conditions see tt ol sgn te nen he naj! and mor paca ‘toes shal! be mantned contre Ths coon igh be ned ao Sitatimancitcneric st td fat he meine bocpl sew ae nese, mintennce of ths condvon woul pode he Sire i ondon none eal penton simatic ages both he ee nd ftenenopl sen eoaiion is dl ton cedars Hower i roving ‘ith xr ik ify cn resdly be vee For ‘Sipe fe desea sess onton shown endon (ig #30 ea be incon stew iment silasony sping the tee ee {Sodions sewn incl dcedy ang te wo ss conto fel 3 bodes te sume sbewer ar indeatel'm ca thus he ded sre fendi can be ines by iceasing te! pecan yak ty epg the tel sem cons abd sinlnwouy doig Aiton conte pes on he spam by ana y/ Hower tbe reducon in alkround coining esr Would py eect te pore ‘ae presure nthe started spe by 2 aout og any hae ‘Htc sweses inthe suple Beste dln ofa se ony creed by change in eine sere the deformation woul be the tae wht he ange in confining peste mas made ov nt Tn tack ft edocion tt Soatnng presure merece rom he te pote the elective seas tole sea he simple woud e jute sine wee iced, ‘rept tat potent prnties neal eto hi by ay /2- The ees Se ded see comston bel I canbe Serie by sping he Stes conon shown incl a sil cresting te meted preaae Ero inl sin Suna testes mol ete Mo Sime died sre onto shows by condion e 100 sun % 100 au ee oa 2 Fane? tine abbr membrane wes paced over the stad © prevent RISES "ipa inci acon nas (oth el tae to pone ifr Se eso! bu igi nel rnrtance was lated onto he en ‘WarEaccon wate consol fen opengl ih the orpatments ie wi PSE Yael shot Henzontal moveeats of te Bae thos produced eee Se Sidon esd the denon wet ele o prove elt eee ofc cenal secon oe sample By coping he same cae igi bw apres col be spilt the and OIE SEMEN teetenve of ifrent dep in the ound Per ued was Montry oo Onda unorm sand with # ean gin aman of tour Oat (OL) ado wifrmity coecent of 15 Meee 252 thw oman plo c/s vas Nh which tn ete posure incense ater N, ste ef a= te ni eve Sebati a Ny te umber of les reed 0 cs nll OEE br eat fora lola deny oF 5t pce as 68 percent i jcc ber sues athe bse of fe sul i ren rom the roe ship i «om ln wich = the tou pecs exer om the Be by the specimen sn tbe ere Mae tn peak ascerae of the unilorm cycie mot, and ae cron at avon the ae ff termined Ia Eq (E10) wore EMSS act of sal yolue bans tat ae place in he testing ‘Sen ermal compliance ex) Te eon beeen 42nd te umber of exo ried oct tna gutcion shown nF 833, Thi it conare w b good eee ron of te seus dat woul Se ebsined ina Hell noncompliant ‘Sag yste or satng none riot dseton Teer diann Eg 32) wee craze ity simple seas resale of Sead aad Petoch (971 for a reitivedesiy 0 percent Whee ts it Sed a mine a th elie dna, hey we comet 0 i ond cane obcran tase rate eed cvseHaelacion a Te et cme ely propo te eatv dent, ap 0 eave ‘tes f shou 8 pect Karl set thatthe is very good agreement teen the ts of ult Thh neat tnt tenors to ess onecntaens smalls eM be tue sen stn Bon dane (Cast, 178), they ae Sunletadaced by sre ote Fete the est ey teen how a Fg 12 ta eeiotonlng inl tet end ae es aioe tt nut inal Equation than do ee Spl 1 ice ee eentson was cua By comparing the tex ress Om. ‘Bole ess ad he tints of Sd ao Le (1360) CM TUte fl, tons maldesinat helt of must 2 eed ty conguing Se vlore cage rein 89 Se lanl waeton shang enone Ge Pe ar sp gach ssc ate eon Saeed Sema ting oat ecb ebut 1 pret et sal Tear Sakng como coda so ee) sl be ed nh une ropa Sioa sw ne ope el condo {810 LIQUEFACTION BEHAVIOR OF DENSE SANDS Fue £4 shows that ene son incense in ind tt Thelore Fins SSI edn unaned they, he pre-water pee nes {TASS Scat een san ota we hea ength Tho ia TRESSSEA ie emeapt ofthe cea oil ao of Caapnde (190) Fee sed Lee inn and Lee an Sed (967) spear 1 Bae Sonate at ae he ie " guises cc ody a «Sol of ise snd ha re Sct aoa pent etn Fg 8. tn ths ee cea seria consaneted und config prestre of 2 Seem ad ROPES ia jt dtr se, oye DT Hen? The canes 9 the ne pce presureth eae sown mip 80,88 SEE SE La espe niatnd umber f ses lw 8 Fe ateceaent icine : fe . iT Bo Aa sao Ae Se or #34) ina nae (0) Sate sientcatdfoatons However aboot 12 sess ccs the pore was ‘sed vue aul he Conlin rose corn sn ing ach Stes le sod te erin tmp laensed markedly However, crt {Sino end he sain empleo elatey sly 5 te uber of stem eye eres The change im atl tin ample, and te porepesre change contced @ consesine-etrenepespastes.condionh a hewn fDabialyn fig 835. Afr shot 1) rs eyes te poerar presi a ‘ie had crv fo «vate equal tothe confning pee a ose fagein tects ahen editor wy eo However, the pe peste “Stpped a tc deve stem spa crese 0 (at abough he sale img be comiderd 10 hve bau sane ngewe 10 bande ape tenes waoutspaian sats evoping Th fae, {though the spe might be conte to hve Sule ater 1 le in tbe fest ht some spel he nthe lace soning prem wt 20, the {nampa tint ex 10 pee af an additonal 20 eee Ta tere wns no sodden far of he mp athe ce lore ab. ie elect of sass apt 0 sale of elavely dese and atte eye roby shows n ip 840. The dene tnd pin te and {bres drmaion st apptesio of uch snus sala out 3 Perea) ‘The enaor odes san at intl fetcon gute ila om at ‘Deal Sed, od Chan (197 septa when dese tad wa tte sn oti eomolidted. ce itil compres tt, scart ta Se ane hat depos ital ufacten was tenched wee iia to ‘ian doef setting te et apse The ages sung ae es prod aon the tir of ese an8 sve Bh set a8 and ahr sin slr ol I ove 3 rgFrom the nesued diplaenents of the insta mate daring stating average sagt cyte ssa valet coud be obliod ws oni 2 a fm whice A the peakiogeak amplinde of the relaive diplacement and Bate pecines bet The ejle duplicemerts Sacre rpily when iil lquesctin was seached However, ey di ot Dl up inden, at mee obteved teach ng value that dapended on the lendeacy ofthe ipecinen to sea: ‘hear sain nrased Thi sm, wa proprtion to heated af tte specimen Ege #36 shows the cltionsbips beeen clic sex ratio and te umber of sess yes rote to produce sveage het sai of Specs, 1 pecnt I percent. and 20 pee eluted fom the dspace resale skig ble et The data Fig £6 ae soloed at values of elie iss rio 6 cxsing nia! getachon or deen sf shat tin 10 eee es tne dente (Fig Bs) The data imtad thal each of the cues ‘Som to ctan rentve deny vale, and that cove of lining he ft vss rela deity igh tsar be etal as showa fs Fp igus #36 x 837 sow tht or sind tay gen rete deny, the was ed amount shear sn that cul Be Gevaaped sgn dest of be ‘hpied cn vaio oe mumbo of ie gle ane the fll nae I i ° ome N | oot des il SU RQAN nen pestis te seers Od sng of tes wat exceed (Send 1976, For save dense of ethan [Shou 8 pce the aplion oeyeae rear ao ht were igh noua {tse inal hueacton also cased extemely high and probaly uined Stain the sou This corcsponds to mulation Howe, for rear lesen greter than about 2 percent he application of Sess 1a and Snoush clr fo sat filigeacion woud rel io Hie shar ‘Sn The lining sain potential decreas with ncensng renee cess “Gupte (579) reports feat data dene sand ta tomve deny of 70 geen a 0 pvt on sms ge 63 ao eo 18fre 8 Poe pe ‘Situ eran 0) of ethan shout 36 pase And the sand wae not dred when vibrate tpt acseration Hower when th sty of asclertins tested epithe pote presse ceriopee ani ston of the same was seed {Unde tte oitns, it abvoae fh igsfaton wil ot cer Hemevet "ae pouty of sme redaction obeur stents for viens 36 ee (out becane of te redecton fn ner fctan eagle i stch asus dat ‘ns No poreqree nsene nat oerved beyond the 65 perce iat ‘ate densa epi ore mae presse with ation ss seed thesane bad ernie denny of more tan percent dense sand and unde undeane sear, nen Fore press Sey serng in eens shear roensth while andr ej ese the inital ase {ie contning presses bomen, at foe and tha vente in ole. {Cssiane (1976) advocstes tat Jesus srt Beene observed by Seed td Lee (196) be vowed wih eauton eae send, scoring to hits old ot show tha bebo nthe fl, an eae, nde ove ata alco ‘lume dency woul not igucy inte fal Sed (97) dies ho aso {oi at “ital lpafacion ith led om porta” (9 210) Caasande {0915 19) and Caso (199) hace teat sate a "ce maby” The ‘ot sl vrs ht dene san do nt hety se hd ‘811 FIELD TESTS cin and Ivanov (196) proposed 4 ed Basing te o pred Hqutacin Gerd Fed bet tne wee permed at Ob sd Temaghat Day ter ude the superion of the autor (Krsna and Pash, 196, Prakash and opt ota, 700) The purposes of hse ests wae 1 Toacerain if the sands wou guy ude simaated earthquake lang 2 Tocompac th eldest with those obtnne nthe laberstry 21 Tosonean ite saat thet ses cold be economy compacted ys essay pons “Ryere 829 Record of woes — ‘Ss an apt a SEES Test at bo of the sts wire peromed in the bes of he riven Predetermined ches, raging tom 1K 0 slog wih cece detains ete stalled pede dep, wall 8m to 8m ced hore er ‘ehh we efi wih sl aed hang wate en is From the detentors wee concen wits the et 50 that the ange mi be ‘dat any ested moment Accelero recnds wee inken ot eer of 10 ‘3 to 50m fom the bls point The smpieaton and seoning was doe by rah Universal Ample and Brak Fee Recorder The peop were ere bela aboot 20 cm ino the grouné in stck s manne: tat oot of these "eorded hoon seein ste oes we section ‘tpi record of pound wiratons fs shows fa Fig 839 Figure 840 ‘hows aeration vera stance ft a4 asthe Obra Daa site To an arti bls of ts kid Tngainal waver (duet, sues, fice orice longi! waves) comte the pound wins Tt sucha ease the shee prose! in tes Fp secs A nt Dt A ro Patases naam nasi ppt gant | ie —_— > ~ Pid | St. . Beg Seg Se oo yy / y be Be sy HSH Enron. si doviats cy sigh tom vet, he were sto anes oe an i re han the orzot acelracn At sectecaon of soem rence bens zontal aad vera aces (padualy ini uly Eni a sedemont observant be tne of ating wee eae te he change in ace este a8 « peceiae of CF ‘Real eegranlar ass om hg al tran ered ove peace ata depth of 5 mand at a ase oe oe pits 3 poron of the ial neal stat Te 125m a ohn pee oe Ma int Figs 841 host gore remit nese ate abot pace of the Stl trance the Inns in Fs coos the sess in pore pose shoud ea he a aig Obra Dain sand i ox wader ital Hot i oma aeebratin inthis cst was abost 336 5 a Tene cern war 2 (abs a Paks 1968) wrap Ob ae nde ot ety uncer sch BE ca oe tbe remeber tat ee was only on imps of scetratnn Be ocean) cmosan reptding te bean of ta eek ig ng eae bend seen effet number fet Pao scented for 5 Be See oie Sit sits Sastng was 20 eed in he neraton ov te atest sumer af et on ietacon sn and frm boats igre 882 hows Be wfcnent wih datace duc to's ta The ston tw 32a and 2 Cea e's te bt pant as 173 Gm assuming that tbe Geph of so Souiaig teense 2a 8 " ecenag of etenent ors st pig «ia ple) O52 100 og Roe eee a a ree or et ch et eelTable $6 Vatu of eerason and maker eyes to fo 22 pron Stent” om tt figs, 4 seement of 22 pct ofr wih the at of acclaton ind Sus of woton in Table 86 “Fs les re led ig #4 ang with ek wl of $965 an Lode Not of and oat ising he i eran or the Obra Du ste fa te dam an O05 ‘stort cores Toe mast pound aceleation tach» st ie sie pete may ach O30 nan rene case Hower tre nl Sr San Tew els ot higher sconton “Abo, ce early «te “a gr Ata ety fo 23 pone tet Oe (ed Lvawaenow oF sae 385 Tle #7 Nabe fle which Obs Da se snk bestjected in seine” Naas rd ‘roto, ade 244384 99 = 1m soose mga > dion fae susan esi of te ne ome om Hg 866 Forte at angi dunt) Rei aor a woe Ton > paw stosnen (hx s}rin tole 08 sone of ef scatin tata smi tan he ig ean SSO Stipe i'l amonce at he i fhe Sam al be ‘Send ote mm ot ps genn Tet The seme oo wi an leat deny of aout 29 een fo 0 gs of O05 abo ¥ peer hat 20 pg 2 erro, hoarse tOba dye hn iTable The acts ot sei at ey bs he be wish Ph 1 Maxum setement of depit with 30 perennial elsive demi {bout presto he sium tenes ae 20 percent al rei st ep fsa t Obra Dam se Ratdgmetotudee 20226 0 sens 2 Maximum setdement of # dept wih 0 percent inal lative ns aaa rl ths mani wmen wh 20 erent elas Semi 1 Sm setement ofa depos ni 70 pcan elatve density i aaa ent othe anim meet wth 29 pect ial ete ‘ens ‘he total setlement of dept of 20 pent inka ety wih S acca a 30 eels 8 pret er dcent ef depot 30 pect nl vel densy wih 5 pecan acelin snd 300 oes 4 PEA ‘Te alate ef epost 0 percent nro dest wih nse uclerton ad 00 eels 533 test Tr Gaels of dep 70 yest inkl wate density wih S picetaseerntion snd SO ejele62 pa Heese sexed, 2533 , $422 soul seeent = 25264 5 EI 4 BS = 0230 +060 +0 168 This selennt aot excessie Andis ot ely to cur ding on ceniquate "A 44s shows aceleraton vera euiber of ese or 24 ptent of cc I eth snd Tis igre ar obedient sane Ferra aofig bt and ma Consanios were desvd (Prakash an ‘Gap 1970) fe ae ee ‘may he apprptiate to mention te tht Held blasting est re a popula inthe Uni Sas rset However, is belived ha wh eg (Sigs nay become popular fe Ue fate AO, ei fnepetation ny Se linemen he snr penevation tos dats an tee carelton with sil behaion wet ligtacon had ose and wih es whee Squtacton Bd nt meScime sho engaged the ston of ever! eseachers Following Be ‘igus earthquake, Rr (196, Kazu (1965, and Obes (1968 staid {ecient Migs whee lncacton Sad and had not oecuned and deeeped ‘Shas for deeming stress igutiable snd soaluetaleconitons Gee ine primary on te standard peneuaton estan of the and SRLS gah ae om The rear of tare nes for Nig are hava Bese These revuste not kely to be apple to other see wae Iiingnensies my be stooge of wba wt tables aye mt lferent ‘Eien then he Nit ste ‘Siteoyeny tov orpicsie clin of it contions a wasn locaton ere te wes soe eines of ee! the presence oF absaee o testetton as pened by Seed ané Peacock (I) To detemine the TEENS clteda at alee of pte sweet a these Hosen, ty eersryee cn eh p= the serge Bont sear are induced by an SEMIN SOu'2 witsetentne overburden preston thes yerSSE / smd and eee deny fe sd 8 demi om he anda Seat nd sotto with en em) TE alesen setae sngcny en plemented y +f ao Str) Smet aon re see eeemn prunes ana peuaonveunce Tw te ee el Monee Values of ts ie own CA hase sce gion oo Teaco nel we aera tte conesed seas pneson es 8 of Sete iis fom of remem, Nis te mented pean fa eee oan aie bare prose of 11/5 Tien be ‘Biemined weg aca on sn wich Gy, 9 comectie factor, may be determined. by the etinsip rpm 9; Pek Hasson and Tembar (197) C47 07M opm an Set The maxims vle of i820, The ye sts rt easing igeaction ay depth foo ground can be Uermined wth asepiale asa ort ee. “hae, for any given ste snd a given value of maximum round surface ssclatin, tbe poibity of Sgadacdon can tendy be ebisined om a ‘pia bas, wh the sid ofthis che Thi done By determing the ‘Spyroprte vals of or he und ayers inated, alg ofa owet bowed ‘te of foe whete ome evidence of eam i cnn 1 Sve “ccied chante line town In Fig 8M, a comparing i alae ith ‘hat ince he dg eabaue forthe ue nde Investig feompmed from Ba (87) “Tht poor fa from th following Linton (ee, 1979): lev ova peste ia /1? athe elevation of the ene 1 The ower Boundary of conditions causing eee moby of iuacton at Tigh alas yf nee heme sel dened wits ref data 12 Expl car ofthe bpe co not eke int esout al of te sian faces aller lusacon, sich as uation of shin thd ugaude of 53. Peseuatonresstance may ot be an approrine index ofthe eye moby 4 The sandad peneteton sxidance of 2 sil amnotalmye be shy serine it the ead Js vale fy ary Suen depend 08 Ibe rng and mmping conditions wie i he deermnaton See (197 ep that ie over boundary ne is rong supported by at om Nigun Japan, whee banacon war probably ote exer th nye een ctu, andy rest dats Oban om nero in Chita whee eersve stiles of entyuakes and el elects ave ees ‘ee found to have been unde ay for many ens Sate Cpt Contre. {oe Commision, 910) For erthgiakes ih mer magnies and invohing shores duane of stating. ner ton from Fig B47 wold be que conserve, and atest os for eagles of magni 6 might be egeced tobe at Hast 25, pce! igh then tone nla by te ower Boundary tein Pg 847 (See Areog, and Cun, 915) 1s of erste note that for extquakes of magni 75, te lower ounday vate of the tes rato feged to ease coke maby beac: tom based on hs lta apron, apprsimany exes (ey ‘3,90 for vals of upto abot 38 Bp or eye ses aos Upto abo esl paneer thd hts ligula ton nota probe fhe blow coun om stadt penetaton et xed tee the depth ofthe sce ea{812 LIQUEFACTION ANALYSIS FROM STANDARD PENETRATION DAA, Thece asus f slab tld data on he Equation peal of sande Mts hig dontes or high pentationrrtne tales and sujet oh ‘eb sta aor by eathake ground mations. Sach daa an be collected ‘hy dung lage cttguaon wich cnaot be made eo ode (eck 17) DeAlba eta (1996) posed Iaigescle simple setts and the data felesed (ig #29) nar suily mofo! fo aceon! for seat facts Sow to effet the veut unde ld codons, rick ae meludvectond ‘alg ov aig Als corned a Fg #36 with sein Fig 87 ‘eationchip heen fltie density and snd pesetaton values mast be KEnowe seed (0979) wed sucht atnsip stablahed by Bipaoouy a Marcon (197) fom tn atthe Watervays Experiment Staton (WES), an tar apg ibe various conaton for to te data ia Fig 6.36, tained ihe sels for susan of arent nagstudos ivan egualent nun ‘eof uo stereo 15a (able). Thee sus mee eapeapoard othe ls ta om Fig 847 as shown in tig Bt fr ethcules of maple 15. The dearer of seement between Thess date snd the fl dta i exceen ncatng tat the vale of the ‘hell sores fn selected ae of he covet ort of mage cr tat Te elaine ole apronnatly couet (Sud, 1979) Move importa i ‘agen tat compatsble eons mpi be obtained by flowing he sane rede for eachques ofthe mois Trowsedicg inthe ene mane, Fig 449 i obxned; combining lela fom dais andthe ta prevented in Table 89 Tends othe date ‘Sow in the gute Tae yes lower Bound clash to he drawn fer ‘fecgaaks wih magnate of abst 679, and 825 Theses ae Fi Fight ees ae thse equred to cate pe oe poe pres aoe of 100 perth and sce sin 25 pteent for sands wih dle peoeation ‘Rosance lacs, The deepen ol uc conion for the Sve! sands wil “ae 9 Da from ge sce snl sear tts om sly posted wd Seca’ i Tat 07a Che (7 ihm CTO seummmrtr tte Rett Sot oS ley be secomoanied by only ited shear sti, be mapiade of tee SSI depensing othe tne dens, the coring restr, and poss ‘te teins Avconngy the ltd sus obaeve othe tee By Deb 11976, and te estimated rege beloved fo be apollo field ents At Stalnigpresues onthe der of 14/4 ar sho sbowa oe Fig 829 (See, 1913) Method of Anais Bust upon tee caxelton, te folowing procdize may be adored fo ‘eueacton alas of sate Wi Teel round sue ‘Design ta The following dats of ste mst he knows: 1 standard peneation sud wth dept, coed for overburden 2 at web 5 ees of wats bie 4 magia of earhuae expected at ite Anais The fling steps may be adopted 1 Deering he shat set, caused by eaingske wi te elp of By an8 I i jlopmeear a 105 6g, J, Hts a /y ol ye om, BE | ZR soto tase LSJ lisse tecine 2 tom Fig $48 and compute 2 Deverine 2 A compan of te Ap ows iqutationoeeus oF not I > fhcncion seas ot lettin der no ces ‘ample 82 A lform depot of snd occas wp to peat depth The Coed N vue iv 20 The ater ble ceca the ound sce ‘Roming vit weit of sataated silo 125 h/t estate Egetcion Soot at se for an erga of ugnitade 75 sorouon 1" Conecton of 8 with depth end compauton of shear ss % ‘amingilacion The sorption ate Gone 3 tabul orm Dom wy me Sy ene Beem vee met beaxete, 2 Compottion of shear suet developed dusig erthguake 1, The sunny compte with Eq 8) tan Osh SO an De st " 5 ‘compart of shea es developed and sea ste cating igs thn shows that nae than at dept Hence iufaction does IS FINAL COMMENTS The question of lgeacton of sands hs teen extensively vetted in then pats the wri inthe presto decaer The dodetaning of Se phenomenon has vanced to «dere at anal prceares hve Sen emus predilection would our ste Tes vay chat recopsized tat there ae many actos tht contol the Bevetcton of sands, decid in See These grins diatom of and 2 deny of depos ial native density) 5 seatonshatsctetse4, locaton of dings and diners a deposit 5 agate sod nate of sopenmped lads 6: neti of formation (ol sete) 4 pee ode sustaies fs 4 pvr aa tery 9 tapped at The effect thee fasts onthe gufction ptetl oa lacs hi bape Sf ihe sises dincued 0 ft the wbrtion of sand was in ne izvon oly Eathgaker may ease vations In al] ee ectons, fr ‘mpl, longitudinal, anvrse Novzotaly. sad yerucaly Seed, Pyke and Marte {1979 dete fronts on = sasing tbe with we dectinal froton thatthe car sets casing gslacton under uldletona sak {ie ws two equal conponet te 10 snd 20 percent ss (an she sess ‘ating ita grist der One-ewena alang Sins nace, hike) than ccond componsnt of snton would be equal tothe singe omponce utd or Sign purpose, is suggested that aveducon of 10 (cen in he she esc ii igueacton maybe wed “Ton the vale fi eon by 10 peat in E409) ‘The aus ropwel oy Sed an as (1971) Bae wpon he assump sioe tint an pote prewar disjte datiag the sang of the dept Se “Saas tps (1916 eaten these file consideration ot Dovewate pus sedition tat may fake place doing the Pode fntguate taking tr well ne pve folowing be exthauake "According io syne accoutsdsing the Nata eaibgale of 1964 the sand bos ov te setenetr oe bingy pa to ke place rome tine ‘ler the ound staking had sepped Yoshi 197, In the ase of & reso, ssnforced conte being atthe Noga port, wie seed Sout Tin te tine isu between eft major shook and he semen Ss exaid fo be abou 4s by Teenage scene of evacaton fom “Th tne ig pobubly indntes that the wl af some depth was Hit gute ning he cana, and tat he exes prvrnates prsse ine Turing tone cansod an spwand seepage though the suse sol ard Sbrequet lose inthe fetag eapusy Tis Uaasentsespape poem at Ealyad ty apbjng the Trtghconolidion Deon) by Ambiseys tad ‘arse C90) td Yori aad Rubra (13). Yosh ag Obs (1979, ‘Sng va property Seemine fro peal compl et of vei ‘ind showed thatthe mama pore pte ite layer verge Tuc ner pay overeat of the cote perme i atthe to ers “Gopi (179 proposed «method or comping the step bystep props ot Tigcadies i soot of oad “Srucaucs sells when tee se de wish they re cousuused undergo tigcucon Even elon ital Sacacton takes place there ay be soe etd of suc Neo natin prcedaes ae ot yet avaible in rei wal oe Te usion of he setdement of ctr alte ini ligation depends pon the tne thatthe ni romain inact Lowe sed tds 10 ‘Ghecgo ge deformation ser mia hueacion “Ligufacion of does and erankments a anspor pecblen Seed (096 semessrat at he sie ting he Aska exrthgealo14were Istnee by bquctacton of seams oleae of sttted say sls the rowan te clghteed the profesion by dsuating he Inpstance of ses ‘Esloge det in doting the ocaznnce and caactesics of hier ‘Bring eaimqutes due sl lqvtacton ‘Somping of cmbenkrents gute common dung exthuakes because vee donte soso soe ay be affected. Youd (197) eid ti pe ‘ae ss teralapeaing Indie cased by eyehe Iusacon, and ‘eogtzed te posi) thal mization pore wat into a zne of slat nd stad dmg esl sear cos exten eng theo vabeabe fo mbeguent sess aplication ‘Caugande {199 tpn Oat the plopinive merase of ee pore meses and soften tetepesmens in vaows peso cee es ad ‘ete ijelcion i tia ty cused by adel sedation of De Str content whic generated by mechani ht erry nate in {Hea sly fa abet te cam be dvd tht wl produce i {et pennant te ye of uniform sve datbatn hat eas uring ejelie Wading i's typical lament in tut det to lose the grat gap Bsten Iba sadn sy respons, compecbeive feb lvesigaone of aay faves wets tat te may pf. bighly were pon Wl be [tuted Soc invengatne wil vet be cai out wih ie bsp {vestigation too aed wath metas atenton to deal Te hey ete mitescng‘loretion (Casarnde. 1979) Tr sinia one Pek (1979) indoor ht the aban tess all to ae tet aroun several favor att ht are ily tobe pent the al “sDatubance”of ope eave such factor fas bolt ude senple = nih Tioeld thar apres tat covelaon of sind penton reo wi ste bev of sans ag #49) my ete sleonWo ueacon pots of Term be ppp to mena that excbent eviews on the sajct be tea preset Gy Sen (976, 1914}, Camsande (1970), Yous (197, Sed (1979) and Gupan (197) PRACTICE PROBLEMS Line te a tnt ui ns end Osatmade beachat _— Ene tins Dayo ape dpe a REFERENCES sang tt re tay tt tt EEE me meee Ei are ae a ee ee Gi’ eit chee ein eat Soe ra Ee reste CEST IEE eesmvatenrts ne acer get ometmate meet Afuceran sa eb Deere of Seals Cit Reson” Hana Si cont dF Raa fsa Men” Spr sient cs Nac Come, Papa Se 2 Bie Fp int) tm wn iin APE Ro. Ge ‘mh Baan, sd 8 AUN Che Te Ba Rp Eg eM Ge Tilted Rd eich a ne nem Eat eee yop Regt ne Se Pre ite A aa ae a cn pin Seen SE Sins cts Penne Gataton nd Dison” Sy in to ASC Nal Come Psi We Fos Aad Pao tain of Ste Sa SP A Ci Sal ‘om BK: "nut Sn Degg FD Th eyo Rat 2am te, vate ati gun tn noe ‘ear aa Yasue: “Sd Ligutcton Under Reno aru Conta” ‘oe ih Wer Conte oe Harts Expr, Rone, 3 solu sited eet St magna filing naee ea sobhTianrs megueetarag 2 ois Sindim nea ere Raita wom nanaroan coe nef, compen mmo atte sith oun tes ne ya a nr ar Pte ST iar A Eo woe wes tae toe Soe ES Ease crete coe SA VENiny demerits atts ce ise ere Anta Menara ae ge Tek Otte antes Honma, Maye eee SORT me oe Ge Se uit 7 se a an ah pe ne ies a ame sade abr tye era = Ss ee re es ar one gang Ea TC eng, Sie te tnt ho “oatn Egg” els ae Wy Prd WR gr Tn Rap Tt a eu De Se” Eu "Foy Ste Haar Vly et Dae oe Roo Lent Sis Caer Tat ‘Ban Gite rrr Ses Revs Urvrty on Ome ae iy Comin on Una Hn ed ewe Wess Ba ne Ae Pt ni Sel apy, anh op BA ice ad tot ne @ Heap Be Sade‘yeh Antl Rese Sin al Hat fn nF Bane ea ae tn ales lc Ua a ithaca fener, So yma a 3 Benge Ee En ie Selma ot Farabn al Gain ogra Snes Ree Um tan. eee eee Be, gat ee psa s8 ee el et Cents of UD Sa a noe Scapa th cy wl so pac era Chin ant lS ie she” ag ie Adchem GT py I AOS st AE Pc ea tr ng tg Eich) "Ait, Nec of Soot Latson Unies Cyc Ladin. Conf om Bar of “ip scr ergs aa al, Nn, ane ee win ea a agen Se ee sli, Si as yee Medi Eatin er Lent Great acing Ege! en Ne Sate Cp Ss ran " STATE ac dil er ASE Pte susan of Pony Tus Sud Dress Un Ge Sent tet seo raat Cee co ere er in Nig Ee | eh a Se ied Pci ot Erdington Pi 7. Sa Mac Foon eT ari it 7 et GPSS, Act hs py sae Ag Saletan econ TM ESS it hon eat ton Sng Peni Cpa Sa "ibe pace erg _Tash Cee Oot Mazen Shalng o ey Prne Do Feds Conk ge we achat he OF nyo mau nan, See tle rg Erna Sc Fond ‘sue Capit Cnon Canin: Exageit n Ca natia ant Sr ee it fap Rt as Cm Beg is Has Pe, seas Sta aS Net, 8 YORE emma ota a a A tn te mo Ser Und Cis, Sie ef Fi Sag eed Pad Ep vl gs BEN th tl tata Caution oe gh ue So Sak Td itt hae Sap a oe eee eee ae Yond Etec, Fa Ave Cound Fue” Golgi Save CeNINE MACHINE FOUNDATIONS ‘94 INTRODUCTION Machine foundations ee the ei tention of foundation epigr e Meio to sae aa due to he wet of tbe mihine abd the founestion tends scg on och foundations ate dna axe Tn gore fom tn weosoe nce os uch ns acne Ala yao od eons rah eovng pat machin pecaly sol as compared to te Ton ts cine Tounaaton donnie ape epctvey ove ey tig vod ine ba is magne al ant hte neemay at tte eben be eo de detain wel mith cach je ot Tenia ntl the son heconer pracy uaszepaie, The ample of Sono os macine ti pcaing equ) he et important pret {Doe deme in desing «mucin fod aio to deter theta eqvency of mtchie Fondation sat yt “hee we ney Lind of mucins fn genre ete! psa foes The es mot import eto are 1 Rexgtocting machine: Mastines tha produce pesoe unbalanced fee (coc a gapauny and ecproesting egies) feo in tha cxegoy The Ccnng apes of rach machines se sual Tes than 600 1/is Fer hun her foundations the unbalanced fre: ean Be coniered 0 sary sind 2 met machines; Toledo this cateeey are mucioes that pode Imgut nd or insace,fogns msmes The feeds of operon ae uly trom to 150 blows pe mate. The dye load ats « ine very shot intra and thea pel de owe me 4, Ray ees Miphspeod machines le teSngeeratns of ray com proses may hve Spends of mere thas S000 1/sn an po 0.880 ¢/min A stable fondaton sett, depending upon he typeof machine being inlled Fr compeesois and teorosting machines, 4 blsk foundation posted (Fig 91e) Sicha foundason ons oft petal vesting on 8 fooling I two or more machin of snl character veo be ited a ‘op tee can prota te mounted on ome connote mt "block foundation Bat 2 lrge us ad hetelote x salar natal Iegueaey Howeve, ia elt iphe foundation to be Provided aboot 2ealson (pe may be pve (Fin 918) The mast of the foundation i ‘educed td ts natural equncy se inreated. Hate ty aon be mowed Bock foundaony, bu thes deal wou be gute leet tha toe ot respecting machines ream tries have comple foundations tat sy consi of tem of wa ates ad bey ibe (Fp 9 e) Eek let cha founatont ‘lately este as oppred 10 2 gid mass of locks and a box et & ‘ape fonstion Te ami of «Block loundaon rite dileen fom thao «complex foundation. Thee ae several mebods of anass for both te Bock snd the Zi Sor 9 ye mine ns) ni (2) Bx i emi (Sante aacomple foundations The ete for Ssiging machine foundaons sal be ‘Ercan fi flowed byt maths of aan 92 CRITERIA FOR A SATISFACTORY MACHINE FOUNDATION ‘A machine foundation shuld meet te following contin: in cre # be For sat has 1 fatou bese ais ses are 2 Ieee noe setde cessive or dynes 1 There old no rsennce thal the sn quency of the machine fountatons ster shold ot coe wih te epeaig Fegueny of the mucin In face no of sonaesis gael Seine ad he ara Frew of te ri mot boat th sone ne See 911) 2 The amples of maton st operating Ieqnenis should not exesd he lining pace, which geo spetad by machine maniacs the computed anpltale wis table hi but is ato cove © ‘scons important he haan be avai 4 Thevakeaios most aot be annoying 1 the pees working nthe factory ot ie dumaging to oer pression mackie The gate of wats that ue ‘celle anoying x hurl depends upon the regueney of the wee Mos ad the nmptade of motion Rihae (D2) developed «plo for ‘vations (ig 93) hat ve sius hats of fequscy and amp fr [Mteent parse. The fp two nr of damage and ex to ous Spy 10 Basing fe om stuctrs (Cand 198). Alo, iis for ma (Rhee sod machine foundation sndeate the sft is and net is ‘Scary machine operation 193 METHODS OF ANALYSIS ‘hee ae to pin stags of sna fs machine foundation: 1. Amd do nase weightless 2A method bed oo liso hear of lati (@ast hall spe) te the fist wed sl rpc by scng Damping may be inode in he outon a pudenda, loopy damping doe ol apes gee 9 Lining wt Vc fs pee ee A dr 185) iy lfc he resonant reguency ofthe system Damping dos have scons [Rcefect on he coon anpltnder Sie the zone of exons vee “tang chin founda, the fleet of camping on ampiates computed ‘Cops equncy as smal tSompazed to thal at sonanes Ta sm lon even apg may ol i vabe conervaie eaten “ie onro-etiaty approach apparently move aca but lately ore complied In singe tac sltiontecaiqus have been preted 02 wonmblrdepee‘f simply i ug, as wl be chown itt Ta re ‘Sipened ioc, he souions ate sil (00 avtted Tor gine wie In atten te queioes of coph of enbedment, dstubance of ols dung ‘henna beckiling sol mat parbating in whrations and woninea™ irate comple the slo cten more Toth iotovingsosons the alas of Bckctype foundations wl nctne the ston techno afro seman on arom he gap between two approucer However afar te guton of determining fl constants SF peconcern the methods presented in Chap ‘oped fe machine foundation sel ot affected by the etd 94 DEGREES OF FREEDOM OF A BLOCK FOUNDATION [A boc spd gid when compared with he lover which te ‘Therefore, sal be sumed tha i andagoe onl ipods dipnenens Under the acon of ustuanced foes, the nip block may thos ender 6) lear nn the slat f th fo ting mater equneet Srcad eh ted the ler natal equncy sana ger en oy dn Nowe a5) vi ge two vos a allows [acne yerdy—mie 016) on va os Hsing detemined the natal egueni ofthe yen, we wll next compute ‘Empl f maton for several arcu oer ‘Asn ony sting gins (9360) ad © 36) may hen be revsiten at e+ GA GAL$= Pesnet 50) Mad + GAL + G1 WL) ~ CAL a0 os) Levu atane tthe slatons thee equations ste whee end 4, athe maxim sling an ooking amplader Subang ‘ese vlatos inthe sbove equatas, we otal AAGA~ mi!) —CAL,=P, (9528) = GALA, + ACAD +61 WL My2)=0 (0525) GAL Gt WL Mat oa Subettuing fr 4, tom above in Bg 522) we et 1 atte re t= MGA me!) | Saittng from Eg (947) and (48), we gt olde Boe inal . Gat. a= NAD Let ol ~ oF) = a: we obtain Gl ae Subang fr in Ba (952) me ge a nb + GAs = Gaby =O 3+ GAL + Gl ~ WE) ~ GALE = Msn cat a e arr PTCA ICEL eau h Stare) +o on9 Ay~ GALA 2, oxy esp es (05%) oss)can be shown tht te Awumingslatons a8 for Eas. 950) and (95D, ‘lomingexpesons hol ose osm) hen both be ubilnced fos P and moment Mf ae ating, the amplitudes win rea lows GAB GI- ML MIEN CALM, gag rr , ae | a ! (GAIL 4 (GA ~ ma a os) xe) | 1 omni aceon cig moment M, em Eas 5 | sv bia he ta te pe pete ote ey ose | Ro Gaon a | ccc | be eueny of erintion sel in comparing Ae thew af rutin tes slong tbe cet tat of the base aren THE Foundation ung ony rocking td hing i aber | "hs ince te inom cen tdi, The ete of | lon sf bow the beef te ing ad the founaon sae etapa tckng and sng vasns (Fi 9 la) The two motons es | Bue mmect ome i cot ge 911 Ring td i pe ith hoe (2) Hinged ne | 1 i= a, ps oe: the foundation will undergo only sing and rocking || sans ib abot “ae beset ester Ch Sys chess sign and bing and rocking vibadons ecu ss pase opposition, ain Fig 9116 If incense wey much, JO and te ato oan isthe Cetra of he machine 298 founenon| /oa1 INDIAN STANDARD FOR DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION (OF FOUNDATIONS FOR RECIPROCATING MACHINES. No standards on th bet have been aed ter by the US Buen of ‘Sundae othe ASIM The fan Stance Taston bs sed several Stands on te eee These sands are bused on the races Bangs illowed in nda and seve Enopean costes, Tian Sada lvaon need 16294 (Par on hs oie in 196; 3 ‘ms revie in 969 The sent provisions of his standard ise! Necessary data 1 The following information sal! be obsned fom the manufacture of he machin for astnc in desi (2) dtafd ludng dam comprising a plan elevation, nd section fhowing Gt of sommunistion andthe pont of appicaion fall Toad on he foundation (6) he dntcs betes thea f the msi halt ofthe chine and he lipo he founanion ned oupat ofthe acne joes ofthe macine and sorte moment of the motor, if ‘he foing sbsstece sol soul ako be know: (G) sal oe ad dat Gling characte) woe Yo aw (Set eho hd stats (0) Sliven to th eet ncesar in accordance wih 8 192-1962} {id forthe derermination af dynamic proper of oi aecoedance wikis suo.i07 (o Teele poof th weer ble Below ground a teen mes rie yer ‘he mini dstasce t any important foundaon inthe vit of ie machin oundaton shuld be ascevalned hie ven ond Sogg Sl tnd Roe EaperagPap™Dimensional itera Area of Bok The seo fovedsion ok Gi sa) sul be eget ide ted pale of the machine it supports wth 8 nme ood ‘Serace of 150 mcr eptiia al aes, the oundation shuld be dep enough te 2a on 20d ng asta and to easre seltyagint toons te tert Contr of Giesy—The combi cnter of paviy ofthe meine nd the "oc should te afar below te top o toundation a8 pout, bun no aes be above he tp of founatone eciclp The eccntcty should not eter Spent of te least with a ‘ny bovonaldrecion Vibaton Citeia ‘Wherever pose, the operating tequeey shold be male than he nat fheqonay ef the foundations stem, and the equeay sa seal be os {an 03 For unimportant mactnes, it may havea maninui value of OS When the oper rguuny i ihe tha the oper ata eens the {lundtossod atmo ne acho te esr ae shold be ve ms 2 for important chines and mare han 13 for tes Peumisibe Anpliade 1h 90 cate shold the peice ampitude eset the Hinting ampitade llcte fr he mech y the alate Ts fang the perme umpltude,contdraons soul ao be given to rachis so setre in the nghterood aad the pony of ronan ‘Getubance”Fiom te dat avalale wo far, appons that oibraon in ‘pouiboing sects wil be sepgble the baton amphade of be foundation thin 020 mm For nachins generating taaton aod tse, the combined amples shosld bea etna ‘Several Maines oo & Common Mat ‘Aranbe of sins machines exec om inva pdeil may be moe ‘ns common rat They sald te placed synmeticly log the takes thee go vuln nthe fe nae dynam ores, “The tnyis for thee racine oud be made a thought fond ions mee indepen of each ole by beak Ihe alt io seco ore sponding wo separate foundations ‘The savign value forthe permisible smplitage of wbatins may be Ines by 3 pacent Perms Stresses Te alone tse for cone and ste specified In IS 4561968 shou be ede to 40 pete fr concrete and 35 peren fst te dead deans {or the fouaaton and fs components are lta to the tte land ef he foundation nthe macibe Consering tripe oy tha a a tee loading ste tec animed sess may be exeede by 3955 percent cs On te ae nd ef sof stesso He aad re at sect in 18:456 9642) muy be alawed if to dynam adhe osu anette etl ee. by apne sale Yt a age “he mi es below the foundation boul not exceed 80 pace of the ‘alowabie se under sats louding that Seenaned i sodence wih 1S iocisies ‘When sce rres are conse, the lobe sts onthe si may Dense a specie in IS: 19319959 Construction CConette sents shoud te spect onthe bass of 28 dye stength The oste wed sould be grade MIS0.20 Tae about of rnfrcmet i the foundation shold ait be es hae 25 ‘a/a? For acne tat eqe spec deg Ista foundation, ath st ‘oe that pun explosive gates, he retour! may be ease “Around allopeniog apd fo so seancm inthe fom ge ‘and equal 10 050 to. 075 prea o's ees seston ofthe oping sould Le The minimum diseeter of the Kas shuld be 12 mm and the satin psig should be 200m in dev ke eve fay sviakage in he cone ‘minimum coves of 75 ran a te Stim and 30 manok sles and op ould be poids. Foundation bls shout he propery anchored Inereeahemenrtet rent nett ent Sliema Seana. Sma912 DESIGN PROCEDURE FOR A BLOCK FOUNDATION Having stad the as of ck and povsions of «cove onthe den fu constcion of foundation, a step psep lng oF design proses Design Dat {Cock to emae tt ll ein dated in See 91 have Dee supe Many ‘iw manufac ay aot ply al fhe iefrmaton stall. Theslor, tho nforrton meat be bind even sepestad ruta have tobe nce Selecting Soll Constants Fora preliminary dein, she oi contigs may Be adopted rom the ves ‘brent chapter ae well asf Chap. 4 For all important jobs FReomeeaded tat dams sl popes be determined ihe aban and in toe fed fv at lt tres font sai eves A ptr vale may be Pe forannlciated ssn let gen dngn problem A even or ‘olin resus mut be appl before proseeing Wh a deg ‘Often maybe desl och range sl conn seo work oat lig vale ofthe utr! exes a moon apace forthe ange of scout er selsted Design Diagram of + Faadaion ‘rom dimensional eit Ht jn Sex. 9 1, st al dimensions for the Toandston To snp compotion avinble tsetse Dupe fan ay soc, pots, snd wpm abs Be hoe wf 3 posible CCenetng the Foundation Area a Cantaet With Soil nd Determining Sit Preset ‘tems the omnes cnt of gaits ae he machine ad he foundations inary. and plane and checks so dat he oven long ry aii a ter poet This he upper iit for ta ype of ana escent (owes pect headin coking de to veil excel oadng Ws ecole ine analy aan, BE) The ste reur shode corked; tou be estan 80 percent of tect sel presse onde site conditions Tir onden i ota es Pract! outs Tole 92 Determination of (6 athe seem a ‘Siectect unefcones ‘ands and Possible Forms of Foundation Design Valies for Exct Vibrations "he inn vaes of foro a eating somes may now be edeemine ith | osc te combined cone o gray of theta Ie veel enka anced oe at at same scenic, it wold gv fo «amen Say te horizontal unbalanced force acts al a eetain ditiace above the top of & ‘Mock foundation The maga of the moment defo hszont ce eat the product of the houona! force snd the sum ofthe dstnce betes tearing ee of he machine andthe tp of he lock, ps ie ates beeen ‘he tp of be boc ad the centr af git ofthe Combined sje docket ge voted fees ad moment ald lp lrsne te Hatin of eat int Hock funn Determining Momens of Inertia and Mass Moments of Inertia | The following momerts of inca and mast monies of inert ned be | | detemined 1 Monent nei of bees shot a psig oh etl of Ge tse cnt ea ao pees fe Sle ef Stanton, eqs 2718 wena te eson ot nee ‘etn te pane of wba at te nese pepe opine Man mont ta of he wok pen ao ahr it ment ncn thet ss pasig rou Be contin cmt of gay and Pape be ane some Mg Mg al? | which £~ height othe combine centro uvity shove the bseThea Mos Wa moment in he pla of te top ofthe lok sao ating. hea he owing {ome of seth ted was nome ora so sre een 4 Polar moment of foundation ba aes about the verted at of ‘otaton passing thcuph CG of he conte ar (Mac Mise moment ef ita he Hk ad foundation aboot hea ‘Computation of Natural Frequences and Ampliudes of Maton eceped moder Veil colin tational ibaton an es inde ‘pen cfany ote sation, Ths te aul ioenis and coespond- ‘g ampinas cn be een wath th po he alow easton an Vt (38) e10 an (250) 925, Yon mds Sting and rostng ae coupled modes of vibrations The folowing nual feqense are strmine ons 9) Now ampliades of fred wbaions can Ye computed withthe Help of the fotiowingequatos AGAR GIH WL Ma GALI, 6 3) ose) {GALIR,* (GA ~ ma) My 0586) * ae in which A, = linear orion mptde of the combined cent of gaviy and 11S ottnal amps naan soot te combined ene of ga) ‘Now he pte of he lok stl te detrined ate beating eel of tie foundation tit tie azpatue sat ees To be competed Wid te FPominable amp of motion S13 VERTICAL VIBRATIONS ACCORDING TO THE ELASTIC. HALF-SPACE THEORY ‘The wi aso to be homogeneous, ovale ud tie, ad crac ty tear nodule Gand Peron ro ‘Resear (135, 193) wablsed the thcrtca bass for staying th espns of foing sponte ty so das hal space The pres Sstbue tion blow the bu tthe sur footae was condeed to be union fot Were! wbatons The elects triaton the cotet pes bee Footing clang vescaly were stated by Sang (953) and Qulalan (1959) yee 196 ge outs fora fh cerca inal of the fous mes Tae me of elastichaltapace esi or anys and dein ot ieaingTotngs hus ten ese by Rca (1962), Rich al Whit (sen, Wisma and Richart (967, sad Richart Ma, and Woods (170 [A thi derrpon af he aa wil be presi y Vert Vitations i Te footing is seer aed oe cel wi srs fy and mass m Rehme(1936198)csablabe two Unesonlee parses to define he ‘Boon of ths eoiag These ae iment egueney factor os)in wich w= cecal egene of vibraont eo the fost 13S aes ase density a the est boy 62 Ee moasl 1 = fequeney of wbcaions = Vaz vloiy of popegton of shar wave late bay Masato Band (sm and Rar, 1960) oe ee (960) eas) ys yan ein no ei a i acre FOUNDATIONS 368 Fe 128 Rope of ge cre ig 1 ra ae el by it fe io ie mar ah I) Figue 9 124 shows pial response caves for tees per of premte tnuiouos orb = Sand p= fo legeney dependent excaton The ef ‘of oarone rao onthe eon ia sown n ip 9 The shapes ofthe cure in Fig 912 we sir 1 thwe fa Fig 2188 Theteealy ding to hho eat Rody. Hloweve, tbe eect of omping avoduced roast the semntine body hy the foes fees fated fom the footing. Carvin Fig 912 how tie te pa et ‘amped eve Rchare and Whiten, 1967) The shape cl the fesporse curves ae min selaed to prameter An incete inh ede to shrpe pela vith reer anima wtone Figs idea show the lalla of bangin Premise nition om ee | eotetca pons cutter A cbage fom a posure ction orepong. | ng to'a rgd ba (where most of the eacton x once tat the | pte to datbation whee te ad crn mart cetereeses | She amplind of oxcilaon and reds the fequenty winch mex ‘plitude oceus Ths foes ea fotngse syste, te shape an posion | the reponse areca he caged ithe pee atom om fhe Date ot he Footing i fncion of equa and ampttude of motion gure 912 shows the sles of changeit Pion’ ato'on the response of the fon Tn the tery of ese ping. he presue sntiuton not alte Throughout th pt several decades there hve een meow tempts © | hore carver fo tt ata for sibesing fone tes by apeopiaechoices of hie praneiere(Rahar and Whitman, 1967), Herwig. ri and eS Gass emote taste ft was posible or sedan es, ba. raed acs ef the psd parameters were regu or ferent st rere pe mane so Reasnr (1936) compared is teowetal renal Fan Stops tnce) with howe om te fmped-mas sem and found Feet pants shoud be dependet on fequency for god gre ses Nemec toe to thos Hac (182) dscbed thi fegueny depen BeaLERIGS ange parameters in move deal Lyset and Richart (160) See ait fapet-yse analogs cn be developed for veal whraion wer SS tr teouag which provides close apeemeet betwen tbe epost cae ee atehrspace nen te equency 1aNue Des SOME Seve ae ampltade we dew The moven equation for (hi TESS Aire epceninion of he vera ton o the rs ies Footing ea nich isthe vet diplcemens, the lst, tthe acto, ad ei ie dupennt ecing fee Paue 126 shows x comparion Fe ee cially viveing footing by the exact sun and te ogee Pevtion 9 raat to Huan 237 with co have oa) ass oa Now be is bia eon oo) a os) Vice VE 1 should be ote that ding sutomaily exes into the slnion by Ueto ty le duping nad been seed te Une sng HEME SE oer heeft mepcing sal apg 1 make BeWidlon cosgnovy conserve in any eae eae esa ns conadere fora ul eon 1 fing i evil in an, wit denns of 4, tbe eialnt rads may Be ‘Sasa tom the folowing reasons wary ow ‘cua (1969) experimental dats, homer, sowed th use ofthe equa rainy enable for deeming reso! een. bet hatte amp {Sie of wbeaton banal han at foram equaent cela foundation Thus the ve of £4 (8) ay lead 1 Somewa conservative eal “4 SLIDING VIBRATIONS ACCORDING TO THE ELASTIC-HALE-SPACE THEORY yt (956) gas a slim forthe motion of «gid eel pl 08 the Pikes stan dane ha sce or sdng meton, te sloon ade SHES" Puimons tao © Hal (96) denoped sn analogue betwen te oe tions he Se eon ce Ena gies one The no SD ; oo c : os) ‘he coretponding mane (B,) a0 he dinensoness queny free se eine lows 1a om : z va Figue 913 stows compton ofthe magaieston factor] vests the rondersonl frequent factor bythe ect sfetion and the analog oa- oe Fora pactn purposes, het olutons te eats 1 Dein fem nigra9 Reyne og nh pe nA i H te footing i not eeu, the equivalent rains can Be determin’ son Bo aye ow ©6% noc vuseaTIONS acconDING To THE Sezccens aS 4 tars Bysot (195 ve stone fr pare renga ces inte suae fam eae bal efor 0. Mall (1957 die sing ‘Soest ead damping forthe analogue to era he eas ain 3 ot om ommVeR Xt BY The soueponig nei ti onde eae acters tte defined as fotiows; " * surf en | | * os and en VTE os (itl easing sen by «Nii or) snd Or ons 07) a+ avi Figure 914 sons a compatton cf be magiction for ven the ‘onde een) leery the tt fon dhe tales Son Fell sacl pons he to lowe sae he ng i ot cd, he guna ao y may be tein from Ea 7" ome om 1 Aaa mnieFAS JORSIONAL VIBRATIONS ACCORDING TO THE ELASTICHALF-SPACE THEORY Reiser (1997) and Renner and Sagzl (164) preseted snl slain {or the ssi sellin of chcua oodng rexing be suce ft ‘lise hl space Apu the slutons depend ov the ciessones Hsien ctr oy [8 (259) so ms sao By, dein 8 4% ake om ole muss moment of inet fh foting onthe vata ni of Richart, Helland Woods (190) defined the sing constant Ky and ampiag favor ft tna virion 8 alow ow om gr 94 Rept gig ne ei pu cng A al 8) footing is recungular (2% 4) the equate vy may be os) {9.17 FOUNDATIONS FOR IMPACT MACHINES ‘Aste mame wgges thie machines produce an ington the foundation ‘Thette he golem of energy Saspation and sleepin Wonld "eguse ‘Maiooal onaeration in hte igure 15 shore 2 ial ovndaon for hana with i femme foundstion “An ail a masive sel Mock on wich mati i oged st desied ‘shapes by repetd blows of fallg tp. The ame supporting te sp ay be ‘mounted on te env ton the foundaon An este pad is tod tween thease and the foundation to asc teeny ofthe mp! a he ental) a eeDynan Amaysis The avi pd foordatian and sn eonetioe a twee freedom system shomain ig 916 Toe sol ad th bck foundation are soured be ed {te p od so o beeguvlet at sping hoo ase TE mmj= mat of foundation and fame te ae ood oo the fod Mig mo anil with ae fh te muted on th ani asin Fi 918) {R= G A ~ celia of gt eilent sig constant) fs nde sonnei “Gi'= Ner= modi cient fea wifoemcampteion. mui ing taco that gover the tionship betwen Cand Cully 12 Tor ipact depends upon te 08 ype To=(E/0)% ta cotcen iid (quent sce comand fhe pod ine tbe eo (P= Young modeler of he pu tea ‘Soko of ed As ea fhe Pd 222 Gnscenet of foundation ton be gia potion 212 Gliceneat of sl fom he ens sion ET CERI tual feguegy of te Yontnt ef he anion the ped fi ea) so ting natural faqs of he foundation and ani on so an Ve es) sem Sa i omen ning he Te equation of motion in fee baton may ths Be witen a floms mit hit lem 8) (Me) bat Kies 2) 20 (38) The tequeny uation cane determined hy patclar soon of the Te aye Ainge and os) be the ston of Bas (9840) and (840), respecte then abuts fee ‘lion inthe tion eatin ies gohthoad 8%) ot 5 A - oo ~ On ae (ky + keV = madly = (ky Rye + myo gicl eR Rima maa EOF Wed abd Cepeda 0 anil +e +et)] (+e, + a) aed x (o,) 087) The eo otal requis of he bane owndtion ay be teri bysaling hs Hequeacyeanatien To slve the motion split of the anvil and Barer, provsed Subsaig sy and e in By (9860) ge (2)=stn- if ape oy and (J)-sr- ee HayneThe see sain of deren (Ea 984 Bead sna #5 Ay cotagh + 5B, Hts + Hy Bycanat (RE) hte yy Be A016 abieazy cana th depend pon the iia Cnaions of motion (Be clined for ame foundation), abd ne ‘owiehe motion ofthe anand the fait Letting Ain (male Am (eee Bim (ohe= wale Bye (W.— ee saree aBm hg ade aR Subetsting tee vals i Eq (88 and) shes 590 (= When! + (2, Wie ens + (hn oh)inagl (oe ahdeenant — 0) Bernal + oePony + ees! + abe eosiat 0%) The inl conta of moton ae are aeacd 6 ee Sustating his condien in yp 089) an 050 eve =a 0%) one ot, os) meee) + PHoleh— a) 310 com ade Paths a1) Euston (910) ses Sicini for in Ey 990) est eh ah) 0 Sine 00 oe 0 te eno om sand (991d) by (eb) a ~ wh, + hala, — ob), Munipy Be @3te) by om ea Hobe ah) = Cagaube =) + ae 6B) riya) = Mech lids eh) Seu Satie foro Ba 914: elem), BaklG= 2) Han at suptuif <«anc Fo 09) on 090 Bee FO their) : oe) (Eretinaae (Bem edna!) ggg) oe oo oon SSE 099 Fic obevaton of the amplitudes ofthe ait and te foundation Barkan, [Bey stewed int the viatone ose te lowe frauen oly Thee {ote teal rate purposes ay be snared thatthe apie of NOREto sn at (hte >) el 00. The apron exe (= Na i) 7 Ele den ~” sd Lobe th, elon (be sac ales of and our whe in t= 1) 099) Detention of, The nial vei of he anv compute om onside tons of te inp of be tup andthe coterie eto pity Van Vii (orm) Hower, tthe tpi gpeited by parma peste p Hg /en? and te wea af he ede i.e and go ap ben go OE, Act fl menstemens onthe tp of double cing ames by Bashan shown tht ranged etween O45 and Oa. These he average ny be iakenas 065 The hogs tthe kop of ¢ rsd the ste sie premrevay wie conpsratey sao anger Thala, the design velo vale dot ar) much n gy caves For doubleatingdesumping Hames, these ul om (10 63.n/s late ample enon pagel, th eile 713 2/2 The principio moat beeen te ups the a a the moment of he aliing Hoy fre an afer pact cont The momentum of op and anv before impst = (/)¥,_Snce We sie tatnay ble mpl the moment ftp anal er impact om) acme romoarons 261 shee je week of ami Gcadng ramet mounted onthe ani) = wot fan ate impact arm eo ftp alte iat Ml MiP WN, 09) hae ae two enknown (Fry and Y) that cant be solved wit one cquaton To oben anoie velasSnhp betwen tlc, me teenie fea eit dein’ elite vel fier impact sn ‘elatve velociy before impact Ome) 0980) 010) The cst of sti retain betes tm Hodis depen ely onthe lof the bss underasing imp ‘nce ¥, depends one nd oton spades ofthe foundation «ends eyed on Fy del elect eon and, iste Fo el bade, Oe drop ofthe tp 17 eitony of dp, sua 065 90)Compute the vlc ofthe svi after pct by Fa ( 100 noe, 1m i which «= coin of ese ettuon Be ale may be adopt as Motion Amplitudes ofthe Foundation and Anil (Compute te maximum foundation an anvil amples with Eos. 998) und (990) sexpecivey as yn (a= Heo 1 Ble ian i) an gig o =a) xa on te emt al tegen yan Stas in Pad ‘oni yi ee pal by Ea 90 a 2220 eo CCompate values of nut fequcis shoud sty the extra fr the fuer than permis valuey andthe stent In e eat pad shoal be ell an premise values ote pl materi 920 EXAMPLES sample 91 (@) At the proposed se of Zdee vee! compress, he following fens mre peered spe 18528 G ptcpittand tat on = omsquare pate The pt was Se Siu 75 m dup Cylpliteload sot dst ate plated in Fig #17 Gi Verecl loccesenne tet Reonses carer se loa ie Sieasdois ’ oe 997 cent En eae etn tr ns Sesame Sonhiotamranip vets (8) The trend veil compres: weigh 10 T andi ven wih an (© Tew notn wonhing 38 T The opr se ofthe compet er acng ces genet by he moving paste Bedside 10) tn ton inthe dvction ot ton The Yo eins mow otf phase TESS "ine dotnceteteon he inden 12m. Prepace «Seis. Pe amplate uf 025 mas spened byte manticsovvnot (2) (9) Ortcpiae toad se) The ele ptt of te seen 6 ‘ermine at xe ses vel andthe following value Se blaine Sov iepenaincan tie Fos} — to oe 1 ee | 4 . Ey | 1 orate See ee Ee Apototrand sows nin 921 Ihesahe eee A060? G, connected for area (A = 10) = 76 fxs 16 kg/m Forp= 18 1/8, 020m, From Fig 922 r-017 ec (18034 MOTT 1S) = 16 T/a? mest tor weal peer 101 /,Palate lll msec [Lo gee 9205 pte ne ctr Vera sin ude he plate = Zs = 39 10- (8) Peal Becerra tat Taio, 2, rom Fig 9231 = 099 y= (8X 0518) + (4X 0199 % 168) = 21/07 Te computation ae done in bul form Soe AE BT 4mm co ‘Therefore, G= ou ane oof xontonsi he lective depth ofthe Wane has Been eniialy rete to oneal hy (Woods 17)PS te ct eh Tr AE Redon et Aya 12 m (ay) Theos, cooling peste at depth equal to { sewigh = Tae 3-841) ‘ y Bx2G(1+5) Ltew03 2 18081 13 = 47058 1/8 waa = aro 1/m? These was hav bon pote in Fig 923 Section of val for te probe: ‘Assume allowable ol premare = 6 1/8 Water abe ground lvl y= bg /om? = 1 Tf? Taex be soma ert alas 10196 42(D13) + 4x0 6x6) , 62 t/aer 922 Gwin fee (@) Design of Compress Foundation Design Spt ‘tp doin dia Ashown x Bg 824 ‘Weigt of compres = 10" (te) Waist of motor = 3 (685) Dyn lad empltae of thermo elinde = 30" cach Feequengy = 20ea8/s i Pe diflrgce between two ends = 5 Dinaoee (fe) betwee he to ends = 12m. Dinas (o/e) betwee matrend compres = 22. ‘rkng ladle of bah tra ompesor = O75 (hom be ‘op mace of te foundation) “Step 2eleto of si consons Th following valor of sil eomste's i be aptd fot Sin Ga 40x 10 1/a? G 220% 10 T/m? Ga 80x w/a PR ane as soi 2 wtad date (c/) bemee inde 1and 2 the compresor The Mende Samar nt +H nfaee 2) =3009 - ooh +3.909-4 06a) = 9aner + 43un(er +) oni 926 3,2 400si(ot-+ 9) where om uns nee ‘oe 23 npn of sin eet me tesi ign 9 Coe ae 91) (Maes moment of eta about ain’ From Fig 930 and wing Table 93 mn Beith) 6 mg0397 + m.00? ~ones( 2422s oasea) 27068 te? rom Fig 930, gen rarer 2262 5 9251) From Fig 9306 on saree EAE 9 y= aayia( LEE 5 or8) = 88590 Ta From Fig 900, F408 502428) = 158815 tm? rom Fig 925 cape, gg = 1 OBHE(OS* +229) ~ $982586 Tat ME 0677838 + 2258) = 2401488 Tra Trectae Mag Mey A MSs Mg Ge = ape , ‘Fgsne 9.36 Muse nament ot inet (Ex Ye san Mog 27 68 ms? = ma some ol net f he stem aout they ans pasog HOW ‘aeCG otttessten Thro, My Maa mE =m es ~ 6984 0898 or M,= 22084 Tost 2086 B08 « onmy‘9 7—compution of meal rene a ana of mation 1 Unbslned oc lon drson = P= 0 2 Unbalanced fre along» teston = f= 0 5 orsnal moment sepieble 4 Damping = Fer decoupled meds taaeant Ga tox waa? Ga sox urs Ga 20x10 fad gerd mn SETS pean easoT (oven ou YE - PRE - asamenays 4,2 ARS | __82806 _____ ons le 0) "aoa Ge?) ns A,= 005600 <025mm (OK) eck Ba Gtigrowma00 ex) (i Hoon on VE = EE oer nas (9 Reto ny [ETRE _ 00 x 95192 — 8.22 x 045 ee ae as sua = 1 OOM rs Gray Hea) | ea eco = 305,019 Teste, sina 127,947 6 (a) Sat) = mat, (u8)~ wads — a) = 6954 zaosasren 5 ~ 297 0471019 ~ 38738) = Len 10 1 GA yy _ 200 x 264 x 0848 SBCA) 66698 10 nse 0° Zoom Amma 00x 4 — cou x HT a) ees 1 = 72095 x 10-4 (©) Combined tinal empitades of whan om Fig. 9.3 orzo mya, x 4590 () A= ato ia 931 Gn sea Fa Dion |42 wo omnes Aah My = ae +7295 10° 135655 10) Sooz me 2035 mm Veen Ae Apt Ad 68 930) = (0054 723959 1-45 33109) ample 92 Forgas Piste Limited, Farida propssto inal 55-1 forging hana forte manor of et pings Sol st te sonal of Sy ely of wedi pst muse wth Kaaba ag intent myers Tin, sity sad of media rete ensy The wate able at 2 90 foe! 545 m below ground lel The cafigen of eas Ue ‘Storenion of sal equal to 112531 T/a for an sue ol 108 ‘Snes ty tess ste (aka and Gupa, 1963) “The hae hte folowing epson: tap weight without de: 150g smssinam tp ke : 90 a ‘ppl sam presse 7 1D = 70 1/a? ‘Sel book veght 2237 {otal weigh of mer: 343 1 ‘eigen ofa 313013 = 273m swig ha ie 400 Ke Seto pon = 0129 =? ‘Data assem For dvs purposes the ollning dasa were trae mateo pad Blow anil—tak eat wood ‘odale of asi of pad —$ 10" Tmt {isknes of pa ow avi = ‘dimenios of fhe foundation Block 650 m x $70 m x 175 ‘dimension ol REC wa“ 313m all sound an se sbown in ls suit weigt of RCC = 24 1/m? wep of ack = 176 7/2? ‘Soiled colcent of ast nsfocn compeesion for impest lain c= 20, ceficieat of en rerun = 08 left takes int aeomtcovotpretar and isdonal free = Des ew 52 Stifter on 92) i oe 4 pe 938i si of ne anon gl 93)Requasnona For pion The folowing are the tin roc for Sstsactoy dein ofthe founda: 1 Theale of wration of he oundaon and aml shoul be wihin 2 The dynamic seer on the wil and pad should be sin perisile According to Batken (982) and Inia Sanda Cote of Prats 1S 2974966, the flonng are the perme or ates of hese 2,= Aims = 10a fo bare an According to Indian Standard Cade 1 #3196, the wade ini for ses am tea heat wood lade pepeniclr fo yu as fallen © beable = 200 T/ i smpresion Conerations 1 So cone ara and weight of foundation Figuts 932 and 93 sow te Samed dierson of the funds, Foumantion ave in contact with a= 650.570 — 3765? ‘eit of foundation td baci Yolene of te bock= 65030570 175 = 668095 p? Wall = 33702050» 1362 4088 we 231905050 1365 256 0F Pd ‘Wei of concese 12415 240 = 173627 Nolome tthe fl 3 509 (0 1 24 = 240 25390% 140% 1342 10a Taw ash Weight of bain = 3529 « 1.76 Tow of fauna ot Toul ome = Ban ae0 Tee! Manel femme 9 amateur ge, Terman of cya he poe P= 0° ‘hits ep 3 96h Content fio hepa 2 = SAU A = eg 1/m Masco te sonia tame m, = F357 | amiga gun of ei on pa gpa tee BAI gg geyt m 3s Wore Nom, G= 11325 x 10" I/m? fran ase of 1.0? G2 Geo 2 11S X17 2268 1 T/e? Cette othe sit y= 6% Ay 2265 17 8 BAO The Heine atl quency ofthe whole syste agit ‘Thee maura equncies of he combine sem are sven by Eq (987) f= (0305 + 691.458 x 19+ LSE 9305 x 6.4 1"= 0 $794 10884 226 leo iar axa | x 0" = 3 [7 60 = VO=TIE } x 10" 21002 110} x0" seafpo Wang? ae af 149 108 7398 «108 4 ans 2) Vly of coping ports a the Bin of npc 059% 10'= 0295 10's? et Ap Theos, 4,2 0602S TOAD ayy,4 lai of on mtn ‘Tee, 1e0s 5 Arte rato andtion pn dpm (a ot (=e) NE i 2 x7 9048/5 and tat fai These ae with pele ine Dy es a Bada 4) 2A 104.44 + 1498)10°9 7 82 fmt is caso win pombe its 921 VIBRATION ISOLATION AND SCREENING OF WAVES ‘A machine foundation vbatingexenivly may aes act i pro luaasmin of eseyasecited wid propagating waver Rofucon of va on ampitde snd prevention of damage to ajing sictne may theore be neosnty in many ease" The problem may te eamteed i ine pes vation laion and stestog of waver ‘Vibration olton Vibration ication” inplssedscon of amp of wbation ofthe mi highs ay be aecoay if ot eae to des a founda fe sin le sens eon et ‘oles of the machina See 218 the pple a von sbacbet as ben expsined A bation aor, rates, wil cout of sce members designs 1 functon st tx Dattan (DG) far ao dove ‘eas for sch a win abearber Jor +t undegsing Toon cad sling wane Bxcesive vivo io machine foundations nay nomena, ‘eredaced by autablewennent ofthese bow (Bashan 9) The tfieny sf sch seme measure sft be aertnad hcg san Howe, its move convene to moat the mache ou mntvibatom meting nade ‘of wel sags subi, ocak Such mountagy wwe comnetcily wee Sader ferent ace nants and cana be abated o sul open ees ute dites tooth min! snd aja stuctues gh ° ‘Screening of Waes secamt cer vn > me ein yee, a SMT S ee Sk Tl rs cn rae ite mates erg koe eprops Ses re teensy ie ninco eo ter oe eo Masta Saganeeg pene iis mammary Sone tte nm wna oa enacted as gonna soe daar ita eee eas ceed ete tie ps vee Sere nae ub asi ere ee Sean seas, ware Se Sid aeaea eget tans eee Soca tae ec te le ee ee a ose race hse ces a ote os ene reat sretects hae ecwalree ie caters cet ae SSSI Yar nyere 935 Shc ot tio fom si a penn Hn The sl ais site was unformed (SM) upto 41 dep wih Utom Of ie Sa ing ee a, S=,780 1s uppa ound) The wer tale was flow 1 cop ‘Wave length of the Raysigh wares (hy) wr tre dies ‘equa asilted ie The9 ‘ite! deans of the tench nd i les wre normale on forthe appropiate frequency when used to eompar eels Of Wo or te les diteee trquences . Ti acive ts the dept of wencis wat waa fom 05 ff 21 The sapien 64 este dn 901 30° nad sete of exsaton naive tess. The ads Re (Pig 938 of he wench ved fom08 Froth ete 80 Oe tea ‘nthe basi of his study of active ion was ou at for fle nemis (0 = 307) 1 be efit (at it eee an apd reduce {er of 25 orien or Rheem O28 ODIO 1A mininum depth of 11/45 = 06 wa equtes 2 The zone serene by fullest uench (9 = 36") extend oa stance of leat 10 waslegts (10h,) fom te Sure ofertas Tale 9.4 Wavelet and wiv oky fr he -eylgh wie a thei te Ae Wot (0 For ptatsicetanches at dtance Ry fom 0222 910, he roe severed by apace tench wan dein sth re ouside the ech, ‘Stcning wo aes 10 wevelnge (1h) om the source, and tounded on the sds by tad ls rom the cater of the sure through points 48° om Then ofthe tench Tas Found hat 1A minenuy depth of H/hq= 06 war red fora tenth 10 provide ‘Erne sone wth an ante eden factor of 025 1 es 2 Pantie wenches of angle lg les thn 80 id ot provide a Mc rene sone 2 Aampiiaon of bratry emey oseued ia the dieston of the “open Se fhe tench For pve laon in somieatar an with indus of nel te teach egih(L/2) an one the center of teen, Hwa found tht fo {Ee ample tducton lator to be 025 oF les the wench must be Dated ean Thy an Tg om the wae andthe dept ofthe nench Hest Gay fsb eoprized that te seeing of was elated 0 he wavelength ‘of te Rayngh wiv, wich depends apo the egueny of exeittion Thee fous 0 suas nerds of tench would wok salts Ayn this ty, the watt uble way at pest pth I te ater abe coe c the rnd ee {he imcmtna oes desea shove may seed modesto. Also i may be pombe step veal open arses ia sable condo o longtem bans take uepch filed with tucy ors ned wit sel set plo a Imaeiak te eftcney reduced ie pa toes ie both acne ag pteive bao he ample of motion intend on he oppose a he etch This ampiaton sat [otonseed in voting he ont pevormance of he te 922 OVERVIEW ‘ne pucblons of nai and sg of foundations for recprocting machines nt impact machines nave teen cual bid wo sunt approche: the Into of near lnc weighs sping, and De clsietalpece theory ‘Vivato he nat ol wl te efae of ete soley of oi and pesupported foundnons have sot bea inode “Te ana tet oe Une cane uses sing dos not conser danping Tete scrtlspace eos raison png fects te a dee panel resonance “hen plat of uierm bikes ata 4 =a 0(Fig 936 bec toa pees nes ben compeeson of he late aedxr omyn sere Ee Young nul ofthe plate mater fhe pies aw repre 1 Speeg of nen and ir ube to a load Pp then by tion Zo om) Thos we hae esblshed an “analgy” between the plate andthe sing I the snore compiles protien af the ete haltapacey tt na wonder hat te ‘alogues hae been eb sspengcostany ad the damping has beet "eatin tes of esc constants ofthe materia peomeny the pebem, the ode of iran of he oan fosaatly enush forthe acing engine, the analogs pv stacy staves Fo four nip modes of vats the as a, dain ator, and cst ping sorta ve mnie a Tate 93 ‘Ao simultaneous sig aod orkng Save mo ben conisod sed ce snaloges atom the theory of se hall Space However, the maxima ‘Sling an ockng pone Fequenie ileby acre nee moe fe ‘wo mations san be araleedindependenly aod the ampltader cf motion ‘Superpesed(MeNal, 1969, Tale 9 Mas ra 5, mpg face 6a ping const tr long onthe tte case ae 7 nets ye hgh Mpg. 0th Cae ‘mma forty mus of he sol sping bas not been conser inte ana pesntd in hs chapter The massing stem in Fig 218 cane’ to ve wea w pruning Consering he eng ofthe song Chap. 2 ‘Sho hatte maura equeney i pen by the esto P33) Y thats ones ofthe mas ofthe spring ean be atu be conentated tthe center o'he esting mate "seh (96) onl bu the tee vail aes (or mate memant of neti of ei (Table 96) ‘However, Richart etal (1970) seeommended ht even ifthe Snphase ‘pun could Se determined satnfectoy ts snlormation woud ao fad {ott an eration of he iron alte Ao, ng the ante: fof anloz the inuse sll mus (or mass mre! of et) Ms ot been sidered Theor, phase el mast may ot be eons at heap 8 ‘he anal However tre ec analyst may eons quesion Ttsamate of greta ebevrtion tat bot the avleat sing coast de apres mas peticptig i vats acete when Ge founds ‘ion embeded Te renting ntl reqaeney ofthe tem inset a the mation ampling, oth at rsomoe and at opting Keeney, 8 “Arandtan and Krshnareamy (197) consieed an incest in ec: tive dmping fore, usin istonmobaze bermen he ete ae ot the footig aod the sousdag Sol, 8 a Coulomb dame and obtained {olaonfor atl egieny For a ified, Lye td Kubler (036 propose ine dyna mote ence 3) 4 Bound veel ooton which ares hat all energy sing a he bounds huebed be 96 tate mas nd mes moment fet fers iw tng tng ose abo ere‘An apprimateanaltat approach was fouled by Bara (1957 ih and thatthe so ver he fot tae a ese pace {tat he eting sl san dependent cle ner composed os ees ‘linia hi ndependest ease hyevs Compatbiy conitons be nets ine este hal poe ad te oveying cle ayer mee ony staid st the Body and vey fr fiom it Novello, te uta seems to Fé ‘Resonate el Sod fos, a ery seni ae ean pene to {ny obrason moe (Berga st Novak, 1973, Novak and Deeds 17) Novak and Beebo (192) extended Baran (1967 sco fo vet ‘ations compa ith the fnitesement ston, and competed exper met oven appa Ti wav abetned hat nthe cae of embedeat na hl sac, the esonan mle war rats independent of he mat rao whereas eins ‘egursey geal depend ns sistem, ferensng embadmeat races dependcace on tum thik st consid in hny ca fh tot of embednest is neglected, the design wil be convervatve However, es epeted day it anaer dade oy, imped ‘shone fr enbedmen flr wil be vale i's machine founton i topped pl, the wcll be heeveer oul YE for bing snd ition ples. epety, inwhich E+ Young modo the pile mates Az son af cn seton othe ple, Hower, ate ees Cap 7 “ie ble of anyeng and desaning machin foundatos bas aac the atenton of seve! pope ivetiators Books by Maj (196) aaa nian (19) rose de mon of tot Hine The Bok By Richa Hal {hd Wed (97) fn» sass work ae suse deeton Svea views fave been freer on the sujet (Pakas and Dats, 1964 Paksh and {Gaye 18h Meni, 100) Thwaove no oeder tt more soda {eves wl some saben the fate rile lf needs toe worked out fom pines REFERENCES De So ae eee Foro Ro Cnn en cn Ese Fig, Siac fet ry wrhck t n WEE ae pa ty oi ter eae te nat ge fa at Sta we tn ee SESS reat TS, vot Rae eT ta iy Cn moma See eee TEP potatoe Stee onan ti Tee SE a a crs eer rs 1 “Aan and Deg of Wing Pvt Sot Means Ren Deepen. AE RR i, era gate Fa mene ete teases eramen mae SE SI se ae i RS ‘un Pte te Fy of Sab rain, Sn Yi ete NOas Stn a Sicha ie Sb Mae ‘ig toe Edamame asta hn ee mts Ba a Seep Ps, TT _n assOO ‘AUTHOR INDEX Seaeeeeeeeeneneeeeweeene Ae ‘Aranda. M411 ieee ae Sool YK 08 98 97 om Db oes Bycrce GIN i aT TE Ccmunde 4.74 7-84 86296 79 coi, 2 5 7) Ge 9s“ Chan. 7.4 $5.91 207316 3S Sia Be (Gs Rebs 4 223.380 Ghee 1 F328 38 ‘Shomer Vive 26 Come 3 3 ait, Bt 222 Davinanaat D572 297 282253 pe 8 Bost FO. 02 Em B.. Fine W DL 8, 30.306ecb} A285 27 By ee ba 1 (buna, M, $21. 230,269 Seater GN Gens b Cin Gina bP Hosen We ok Hips 6.358 Hew: A ait Het Rail ig a 2 328 26 20626, Tears 21 297 ait i US nb 8 to Joi oe gpa 1 Be Kee e2 Koma, tina. onset Sci " Kitlenyer RL 254401 TESTE, 8 200 2204 62 1 Gir bs g1s 7 3 reefs com a vitor x ane MNCL aimane 9 oon Neti hea a dex, Sie Mitac Hi is ibe a8, Meo au Nitra P94, 36,97 46,1 hata 38 Ohare 8 32, ‘Pena W495 280288258 weigh Be eanen Je Pooes.i 2 Py 28 Da) et 36 dex en 20-1 2737 Rn C's no 5038 Pree Som se 3 inn #3 et fied 8 ees Ficus Rea . he a 9 90 8 A 2 28 Seer ays 3.7.8 2 sak Ppt sele B Hea es Sue We D8 ‘Soom HD ioe 2 28 28 Seen SOR Re nuais Sen & Cae Sita 4. Sn, 1010. 18 Sia Wet 2 2 328 Tne DW 2 29.2019. Tl PW itemon } 3.3 Testo 839 Teta 6198 8 het Ge Vibe a aT SE ETS estou 27 Mie 2M 26Si Sn Soa a aang ee ‘SUBJECT INDEX Eee og etn radi meted 35 Sing entos of 38 ‘conan ‘ae mes 38 (auc of ean ees a est OS sion se at eave ake 279an Vet api Dageesotfvedon 11 ini atin enon pect an tang wa Sees ie die pneonece 1219 neolcteted l, 9 debe ats ‘mui elit, 201 Foren an elem 13 2 Bee ereaen 0 EE mma Bavtheuakes: “ ieee Suecaaney Atte meses, 11 Foti (om) ag Sow Ger Sow fon {Sos decent, ieee op selon 39 weet eae a ie Iocan Sdn 1) 0 elec ci nate Co! aie fon pe 338 216.261 Tie age sine vests seorng sng tan coreg 0353 Lieto He aan 02 saan 3 “aoeabe ses ot 28232 ie cum 26‘Sitios acon 32 Sno Ge nda Stand ise eBook unde) Dvr of il tae econ 2 _— ples oS 6 ton of 198 205 pate 1 anal egucey 116 336-6 ‘spies 80 28 onde eve toe dtecion 2340 a8 252 for moment 264 28 282 283 fer spe 244283 sendin iy te 267 inden agency flo, 25. eae ‘neil sos 9,97 ‘ulgntacion ses 289 na Carl 79 Pesemereth 7 » Rem 107 Pose ange 2 Flehing mae 2 Pe are 290 tae Doodhiving formula 236 Sti me 99 Pe fea test 229 Pies "owt lan om ie Lou on teeing 9238 fret Sofie oe Cotes ner tr ds 22. 236.28 ian 388 Fneconeae st. 29 inven 259 pecan 12. rine apt uh presare Fate 20 36 Prsipt tes twain 12 Ragga 6102 Raykighs ethos 30 284 Revigncting machine oontasions Gee Fates Sania on eebnocng eke fundins set sien factor 2 Resonance 1? Resonant cain apo 99 Retniog wale 13 on ton ga wal (a 18 nang wale 1 30 Reid opine 185 ‘Shatemble ua 308 . sain ters 18 Shear feng foe ating 98 ‘stitey simp 93 “aril ste 96. 97 rng SSmtanoot rocking sing ‘alan ‘Soi rami. detion 1 Sei song sii, 35 Sone iver 334 Spec ssn Spiga yn evans of suena ssuevestn chastise 276,277 Senet in ple 7 Suroee tong. Ste wavepropnption meth Itunes. 38 fenca tan ‘matted il 8 Tapes sow. Raye wave 6 Lied wae a ‘Horst wane 4 Viator 98 Vivato mesg insoumens 37 teleraon pup k Spscement pickup 38 oman tes 318 on ple eco. 230 Pipa modes a Shoe colons $1 Tressel hestee 3 ge ne 53Vivatns tC Tong tora! Vian dsr 21 ‘Viscous damping: ‘leriaton 34 toe 1 Wave pvogaon Cont) lacy 68 Flog 2 65 2 serene of 6 7