TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES

938 AURORA BOULEVARD, CUBAO, QUEZON CITY

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE

CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

CE 502
REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN
CE51FB1

“DRAFT OF CHAPTER ONE AND TWO”

SUBMITTED BY:
ARGENTE, JAMES LLAMERA.
BRIONES, ALHEC MIRANDA.
UMALI, DANIEL ISMAEL SALVATUS.

SUBMITTED TO:
ENGR. TADIOSA, JEROME Z.

FIRST SEMESTER, A.Y. 2019 – 2020

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 Acknowledgment
To all the people who guided us, supported and motivated us through the span of this project, here is our
sincerest appreciation for helping us.

First, to our Almighty God, for giving us the graces and endless blessings that helps us to perform well on
the given task assigned to us as a part of our compliance for this design course.

To our professor, Engr. Jerome Z. Tadiosa for being generous in sharing and giving your knowledge to all
of us, your students, and for the techniques and recommendations you shared. As well as your motivation
to enhance our eagerness to learn more. Thank you, Engr. Jerome Z. Tadiosa!

Last, to our beloved parents, our deepest gratitude and appreciation for being with us through the way from
the very beginning up until now, for always showing us your unconditional love and cheer, and for always
reminding us that we can do all of this. Thank you, our beloved parents!

To all of you thanks a lot for all of your undying support financially, emotionally, and spiritually given to all of
us. God Bless!

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 Table of Contents
Acknowledgment ......................................................................................................................................... 2
CHAPTER 1: PROJECT BACKGROUND .................................................................................................... 4
1.1 The Project ................................................................................................................................... 4
1.2 Project Location ................................................................................................................................ 5
1.3 Project Objectives ....................................................................................................................... 5
1.3.1 General Objectives ......................................................................................................................... 5
1.3.2 Specific Objectives ........................................................................................................................ 5
1.4 The Client ..................................................................................................................................... 6
1.5 Project Scope and Limitations ................................................................................................... 6
1.6 Project Development Plan .......................................................................................................... 6
CHAPTER 2: DESIGN INPUTS .................................................................................................................... 8
2.1 Description of the Structure ............................................................................................................. 8
2.2 Classification of the Structure ......................................................................................................... 9
2.3 Architectural Plans .......................................................................................................................... 10
2.3.1 Floor Plans (Architectural) .......................................................................................................... 10
2.3.2 Floor Plans (Structural)................................................................................................................ 19
2.4 Load Analysis .................................................................................................................................. 22
2.4.1 Dead Loads ................................................................................................................................... 23
2.4.2 Wind Loads ................................................................................................................................... 24
2.4.2.1 Steps to Determine MWFRS Wind and Open Buildings of all Heights ................................. 24
2.4.3 Earthquake Loads ........................................................................................................................ 26
2.4.3.1 Specifications for Seismic Analysis of the Structure............................................................. 27
2.4.3.2 Determining the Structural Period (T) using Method A .......................................................... 27
2.4.3.3 Determining the Design Base Shear (V) .................................................................................. 27
2.4.3.4 Determining the Lateral Forces in each Floor......................................................................... 28
2.4.3.5 Computation of the Earthquake Load...................................................................................... 28

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 CHAPTER 1: PROJECT BACKGROUND
1.1 The Project
The project is designed as a four – storey structure with roof deck, which will serve as an apartment residential
building, located along Barrio of Palao, Iligan City, and the Island of Mindanao. Considered as one of the
major and progressive highways in area of Iligan City, the Island of Mindanao is surrounded by commercial
establishments, historic churches and museums, and industrial workplaces. The apartment residential
building is proposed to accommodate those who are working in nearby institutions.

The apartment residential building has a total area of 349.86 sq. m. and a floor dimension of 13.79 m. x 17.76
m. It is rectangular and has four levels with a roof deck. The first floor consists of two rentable units, and the
southern part of the building is the stairs. It is deliberately located at the bottom to maximize the rentable
spaces on the upper levels and to accommodate the expected number of future tenants. The stairs are
designed for public use and for emergency purposes. The succeeding second floor to the fifth of the building
is typical in design in which they have two rentable units. The units on the left and right side have a unit area
of 101.844 sq. m. and have a floor dimension of 6.9 m x 14.76 m. The apartment residential building has a
roof deck with parapet walls one meter in height and is accessible by the stairs.

The total floor area of the apartment residential building is 1339.4076 sq. m. from the first floor up to the roof
deck. The structural members of the building will be designed as reinforced concrete. The slab of the
apartment residential building will be deliberated in comparison of one – way reinforcement slabs or two –
way reinforcement slabs.

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1.2 Project Location

Figure 1 – 1: Site Location of the Project

The apartment residential building is located along Barrio of Palao, Iligan City, and the Island of Mindanao.

1.3 Project Objectives

The designers must be certain about the objective of the proposed project based on the client’s needs and
requirements.

1.3.1 General Objectives

The general objective of the proposed project is to design a safe and economically four – storey with roof
deck apartment residential building based on engineering methods and applications, to meet the client’s
demand and to accommodate those who are working in nearby institutions. Focusing on the reinforced
concrete design

1.3.2 Specific Objectives

The specific objectives of the proposed project will be deduct from the general objective as follows:
 To design a four – storey with roof deck reinforced apartment residential building in accordance with
the National Structural Code of the Philippines 2015.

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  To meet client’s satisfaction by ensuring the structural integrity of projects main members, to
withstand specific loadings.
 To demonstrate the ability to use software programs related to Civil Engineering such as Autodesk
AutoCAD, SketchUp, and STAAD.

1.4 The Client

The client of this project is the Local Government of Iligan City under Honorable Celso Gomera Regencia,
Colonel, and PNP (Retired). This project could also be raised to the engineering department of the local
government, under Engr. Leonor T. Actub, the Department Head II – City Engineer of the Iligan City
Government.

1.5 Project Scope and Limitations

The following are the scopes covered by the design project:
 The project will be design in accordance with the National Structural Code of the Philippines 2015.
 The designers will give attention to the longevity and preparedness of the structure.
 Analysis of the specific loadings and moments will be generate using STAAD.
The following are the limitations of the design project:
 The design for mechanical, plumbing, and electrical plans are not considered.
 The cost estimate for mechanical, plumbing, and electrical plans are not considered.
 The detailed flow of construction management is not included.

1.6 Project Development Plan

The structural design of the apartment residential building will be develop through five phases, namely:
Conceptualization, Formulation of Design Constraints, Tradeoffs, Design Standards, Initial Architectural
Layout and Design, Structural Design, and Design Analysis.

The first phase is for the project conceptualization, on how the design project will go through and on how the
project will act through the said specific objectives and conceptualization of the whole structure including the
beams, columns, walls, and other structural elements for the purpose of visualization. This is the basis on
how the designers, will design the structure that meets the client’s specifications. The second phase is the
formulation of the design constraints, tradeoffs, and design standards, in which the designers will now
consider the existing codes and standards to formulate the optimum design of the structure. The third phase
is where the designers will develop the design projects architectural plans. The next phase is the structural
design of the project, in which the designers provides the structural plan and design specifications of the
design project according to the 2015 National Structural Code of the Philippines. Last but not the least is the
design analysis, in which the design project will be analyze manually and through the help of software
programs related to Civil Engineering, to see if it is safe and adequate for usage.
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 Formulation of
Design Initial
Conceptualization Constraints, Architectural
Tradeoffs, and Layout and Design
Design Standards

Design Analysis Structural Design

Figure 1 – 2: Project Development Phases

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 CHAPTER 2: DESIGN INPUTS
2.1 Description of the Structure
The four – storey apartment residential building is designed with roof deck and is to be located along Barrio
of Palao, Iligan City, and the Island of Mindanao. The apartment residential building has a total area of 349.86
sq. m. and a floor dimension of 13.79 m. x 17.76 m. It is rectangular and has four levels with a roof deck. The
first floor consists of two rentable units, and the southern part of the building is the stairs. It is deliberately
located at the bottom to maximize the rentable spaces on the upper levels and to accommodate the expected
number of future tenants. The stairs are designed for public use and for emergency purposes. The
succeeding second floor to the fifth of the building is typical in design in which they have two rentable units.
The units on the left and right side have a unit area of 101.844 sq. m. and have a floor dimension of 6.9 m x
14.76 m. The structure has a total of eight rentable units in which two rooms are located at the ground floor,
and two rentable units on the succeeding floors. The apartment residential building has a roof deck with
parapet walls one meter in height and is accessible by the stairs. It is designed to have a 3.00m for each floor
level with the entire designed structure as a special moment reinforced concrete.

Figure 2 – 1: Geometric Framing Plan Generated by STAAD. Pro V8i SS5

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2.2 Classification of the Structure
The designers of the structure classified the occupancy of the structure based on the codes and standards
provided by the 2015 National Structural Code of the Philippines. It is significant for the structure to be
categorize according to its occupancy for the basis of the parameters necessary for wind and seismic
analysis. As for the residential and apartment building, it is categorize as Occupancy Category IV, which is
the Standard Occupancy Structure.

Floor Designation Room Description Function Area

Ground Floor Bedroom One Visitor’s Bedroom 12.7305 sq. m.
Ground Floor Bedroom Two Master’s Bedroom 19.09575 sq. m.
Ground Floor Kitchen For home economics. 12.7305 sq. m.
Ground Floor Dining Area No. One With at least one set of 12.7305 sq. m.
table and chairs.
Ground Floor Dining Area No. Two With at least one set of 6.3825 sq. m.
table and chairs.
Ground Floor Toilet and Bath With at least one 4.52025 sq. m.
shower and toilet
(exclusive only for
master’s bedroom).
Ground Floor Toilet With at least one toilet. 4.52025 sq. m.
Ground Floor Balcony Open area. 25.461 sq. m.
Ground Floor Living Room With at least two sofa 12.7305 sq. m.
set.
Ground Floor Hallway Open area. 41.4 sq. m.
Second Floor to Bedroom One With at least one bed. 12.7305 sq. m.
Fourth Floor
Second Floor to Bedroom Two With at least one bed. 12.7305 sq. m.
Fourth Floor
Second Floor to Kitchen For home economics. 6.1672 sq. m.
Fourth Floor
Second Floor to Dining Area With at least one set of 12.7305 sq. m.
Fourth Floor table and chairs.
Second Floor to Toilet and Bath With at least one 5.3664 sq. m.
Fourth Floor shower and toilet.
Second Floor to Balcony Open area. 25.461 sq. m.
Fourth Floor
Second Floor to Living Room With at least two sofa 25.461 sq. m.
Fourth Floor set.
Second Floor to Hallway Open area. 41.37 sq. m.
Fourth Floor
Roof Deck Open Space Open area. 244.9104 sq. m.
Table 2 – 1: Room Classification with Corresponding Area

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 Function Quantity
Bedroom 16 units
Living Room 8 units
Dining Area 8 units
Kitchen 8 units
Balcony 8 units
Toilet and Bath 10 units
Total 58 units
Table 2 – 2: Room Function and Quantity

2.3 Architectural Plans

In behalf of the client’s, the proceeding architectural plans presented are designed in accordance with the
allotted minimum dimensions of the rooms and hallways. The available lot area is also maximized to take full
advantage of the space.

2.3.1 Floor Plans (Architectural)

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Figure 2 – 2: Ground Floor Plan

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Figure 2 – 3: 2nd – 4th Floor Plan

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Figure 2 – 4: Roof Deck Plan

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Figure 2 – 5: Front Elevation Plan

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Figure 2 – 6: Rear Elevation Plan

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Figure 2 – 7: Left Side Elevation Plan

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Figure 2 – 8: Right Side Elevation Plan

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Figure 2 – 9: Transverse Section Plan

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2.3.2 Floor Plans (Structural)

Figure 2 – 10: Foundation Plan

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Figure 2 – 11: 2nd – 4th Floor Framing Plans

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Figure 2 – 12: Roof Deck Framing Plan

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2.4 Load Analysis
For this design project, a step – by – step procedure must followed in order to ensure the correctness of the
achieved results in the analysis of the structures.

We started with computing for the value of the dead loads. The total dead load is the summation of the super
– imposed dead loads, load from self – weight of the slab, and the load from the self – weight of the beams.
Super – imposed dead loads are obtain once you have identified the minimum loads applied by certain
materials like floor fills, finishes, and others that are super – imposed to the structure. Using the minimum
design loads, you multiply their total values to the area that contributes to the distribution of loads on a
beam/girder. After that, you divide it to half span to get the uniformly distributed load value. Dead loads from
the self – weight of the beams are obtain by multiplying the unit weight of concrete to the cross – sectional
area and the length of the beam. After that, we divided it to half of the span of the beam to arrive with a
uniformly distributed load. After obtaining the values of the three, we added them to come up with the value
of the total dead loads.

The next load we computed for are the live loads. Live loads are obtain almost the same way as that of super
– imposed dead loads. The only difference is if two different kinds of loads are present on a certain area or
section, the one with the greater value is to be use for that whole area.

Wind loads is computed by following the process in 2015 National Structural Code of the Philippines. The
process uses parameters that are dependent on the location of where the structure is going to be build, the
type of the structure, its surroundings and others. However, we mainly focus in using the main wind force
resisting system (MWFRS) wind and open buildings of all heights, which is applicable for all types of buildings.
Completing the process, we arrived with the values of wind loads per floor level of the structure.

Earthquake loads are obtain by following the process proposed in 2015 NSCP, considering certain
parameters. These parameters are classify according to the location where the structure is going to be built,
type of structure, soil type, and others that are laid in the codes and standards. Upon completion of the
process for solving the earthquake loads, we arrived with lateral loads per floor level of the structure.

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2.4.1 Dead Loads
Beam Dimensions
Ground Floor
Second Floor – Fourth Floor 200 x 400
Roof Deck
Table 2 – 3: Beam Dimensions

Column Dimensions
Ground Floor 200 x 500
Second Floor – Fourth Floor 200 x 400
Roof Deck 200 x 300
Table 2 – 4: Column Dimensions

Total Volume (𝐦𝟑 )

Level Beam Slab Column Total
Ground Floor 13.728 36.76 10.8 61.288
Second Floor to Fourth Floor 13.728 36.76 8.64 59.128
Roof Deck 13.728 36.76 1.02 51.508
Table 2 – 5: Total Volume
𝐾𝑁
ɣ𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑒 = 23.6
𝑚3
𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝐷𝑢𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑀𝑒𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑠
𝑊𝑚𝑒𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 = ɣ𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑒 × Σ𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒
𝐾𝑛
𝑊𝑚𝑒𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟1 = 23.6 × 61.288𝑚3
𝑚3
𝑾𝒎𝒆𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓𝟏 = 𝟏𝟒𝟒𝟔. 𝟑𝟗𝟔𝟖𝑲𝑵
𝐾𝑁
𝑊𝑚𝑒𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟2 − 4 = (23.6 × 59.128𝑚3 )(3)
𝑚3
𝑾𝒎𝒆𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓𝟐 − 𝟒 = 𝟒𝟏𝟖𝟔. 𝟐𝟔𝟐𝟒𝑲𝑵
𝐾𝑁
𝑊𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑓𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑘 = 23.6 3
× 51.508𝑚3
𝑚
𝑾𝒓𝒐𝒐𝒇𝒅𝒆𝒄𝒌 = 𝟏𝟐𝟏𝟓. 𝟓𝟖𝟖𝟖𝑲𝑵

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𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐷𝑒𝑎𝑑 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝐹𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑟
𝐷𝑒𝑎𝑑 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 = 𝑊𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 + 𝑊𝑚𝑒𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟
𝐺𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑 𝐹𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑟 𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 = 88.16771𝐾𝑁 + 1446.3968𝐾𝑁
𝑮𝒓𝒐𝒖𝒏𝒅 𝑭𝒍𝒐𝒐𝒓 𝑾𝒆𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕 = 𝟏𝟓𝟑𝟒. 𝟓𝟔𝟒𝟓𝟏𝑲𝑵
𝑆𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑 𝐹𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑟 𝑡𝑜 𝐹𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑡ℎ 𝐹𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑟 𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 = 278.29184𝐾𝑁 + 4186.2624𝐾𝑁
𝑺𝒆𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒅 𝑭𝒍𝒐𝒐𝒓 𝒕𝒐 𝑭𝒐𝒖𝒓𝒕𝒉 𝑭𝒍𝒐𝒐𝒓 𝑾𝒆𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕 = 𝟒𝟒𝟔𝟒. 𝟓𝟓𝟒𝟐𝟒𝑲𝑵
𝑅𝑜𝑜𝑓 𝐷𝑒𝑐𝑘 𝐹𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑟 𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 = 48. 77913 + 1215.5888𝐾𝑁
𝑹𝒐𝒐𝒇 𝑫𝒆𝒄𝒌 𝑭𝒍𝒐𝒐𝒓 𝑾𝒆𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕 = 𝟏𝟐𝟔𝟒. 𝟑𝟔𝟕𝟗𝟑𝑲𝑵
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 = Σ𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐷𝑒𝑎𝑑 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝐹𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑟
𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝑾𝒆𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝑺𝒕𝒓𝒖𝒄𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒆 = 𝟕𝟐𝟔𝟑. 𝟒𝟖𝟔𝟔𝟕𝟓𝑲𝑵

2.4.2 Wind Loads

2.4.2.1 Steps to Determine MWFRS Wind and Open Buildings of all Heights
 Step One – Determine risk category of building or other structure, see Table 103 – 1.
 Step Two – Determine the basic wind speed (V), for the applicable risk category, see Figure 207A.5
– 1A B or C.
 Step Three – Determine wind load parameters.
o Wind directionality factor, (Kd), see Section 207A.6 and Table 207A.6 – 1.
o Exposure category, see Section 207A.7.
o Topographic factor, (Kzt), see Section 207A.8 and Table 207A.8 – 1.
o Gust effect factor, (G), see Section 207A.9.
o Enclosure classification, see Section 207A.10.
o Internal pressure coefficient, (GCPi), see Section 207A.11 and Table 207B.3 – 1.
 Step Four – Determine velocity pressure exposure coefficient, (Kz) or (Kh), see Table 207B.3 – 1.
 Step Five – Determine velocity pressure (qz) or (qh) Equation 207B.3 – 1.
 Step Six – Determine external pressure coefficient, (Cp) or (Cn).
o Figure 207B.4 – 1 for walls and flat gable, hip, monoslope or mansard roofs.
o Figure 207B.4 – 2 for domed roofs.
o Figure 207B.4 – 3 for arched roofs.
o Figure 207B.4 – 4 for monoslope roof, open building.
o Figure 207B.4 – 5 for pitched roof, open building.
o Figure 207B.4 – 6 for troughed roof, open building.
o Figure 207B.4 – 7 for along – ridge/valley wind load case for monoslope, pitched, or troughed
roof, open building.
 Step Seven – Calculate wind pressure, (p), on each building surface.

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 o Equation 207B.4 – 1 for rigid buildings.
o Equation 207B.4 – 2 for flexible buildings.
o Equation 207B.4 – 3 for open buildings.
Solution:
Step One:
Risk Category – Standard Occupancy Structures (Occupancy Category IV).
Step Two:
Basic Wind Speed (V) = 260kph = 72.2222m/s
Step Three:
Wind Directionality Factor (Kd) = 0.85 (Main Wind Force Resisting System Components & Cladding).
Exposure Category C – Applies to all buildings in which exposures B or D do not apply.
Height above ground level, (z) in m. = 15.5m ≈ 15m.
Topographic Factor (Kzt) = 1.0 (Flat Terrain).
Gust Effect Factor (G) = 0.85 (For Rigid Structures).
Enclosure Classification (GCPi) = ±0.18 (For Enclosed Buildings).
Step Four:
Velocity Pressure Exposure Coefficient (Kz) = 1.09
Step Five:
Velocity Pressure (qz) or (qh).
𝑞𝑧 = 0.613(𝐾𝑧)(𝐾𝑧𝑡)(𝐾𝑑)(𝑉 2 )
𝑞𝑧 = 0.613(1.09)(1.0)(0.85)(72.2222)2
𝒒𝒛 = 𝟐𝟗𝟔𝟐. 𝟒𝟐𝟒𝟕𝟒𝑷𝒂 = 𝟐. 𝟗𝟔𝟐𝟒𝟐𝑲𝑷𝒂
Step 6:
External Pressure Coefficient, Cp or Cn.
Windward Wall – Cp = 0.8
Leeward Wall – Cp = -0.3
Side Wall – Cp = -0.7
Step 7:
Wind Pressure (p) on each building surface.

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Windward Wall – Cp = 0.8
𝑝 = 𝑞𝑧(𝐺)(𝐶𝑝) − (𝑞𝑧)(𝐺𝐶𝑃𝑖)
𝑝 = 2.962424736(0.85)(0.8) − 2.962424736(±0.18)
𝒑 = 𝟏. 𝟒𝟖𝟏𝟐𝟏𝟐𝟑𝟔𝟖𝑲𝑷𝒂 = 𝟐. 𝟓𝟒𝟕𝟔𝟖𝟓𝟐𝟕𝟑𝑲𝑷𝒂
Leeward Wall – Cp = -0.3
𝑝 = 𝑞𝑧(𝐺)(𝐶𝑝) − (𝑞𝑧)(𝐺𝐶𝑃𝑖)
𝑝 = 2.962424736(0.85)(−0.3) − 2.962424736(±0.18)
𝒑 = −𝟏. 𝟐𝟖𝟖𝟔𝟓𝟒𝟕𝟔𝑲𝑷𝒂 = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟏𝟖𝟏𝟖𝟓𝟓𝟐𝑲𝑷𝒂
Side Wall – Cp = -0.7
𝑝 = 2.962424736(0.85)(−0.7) − 2.962424736(±0.18)
𝒑 = −𝟐. 𝟐𝟗𝟓𝟖𝟕𝟗𝟏𝟕𝑲𝑷𝒂 = −𝟏. 𝟐𝟐𝟗𝟒𝟎𝟔𝟐𝟔𝟓𝑲𝑷𝒂

2.4.3 Earthquake Loads

The procedures and the limitations for the design of structures shall be determined considering seismic
zoning, site characteristics, occupancy factor, configuration, structural system and height in accordance with
this section. Structures must be designed with adequate strength to withstand the lateral displacements
induced by design ground basis motion, considering the inelastic response of the structure and the inherent
redundancy, over strength and ductility of the lateral force – resisting system. The minimum design strength
shall be based on the design seismic forces determined in accordance with the static lateral force procedure
of Section 208.5, except as modified by Section 208.6.5.4. Where strength design is used, the load
combinations of Section 203.3 shall apply. Where allowable stress design is used, the load combinations of
Section 203.4 shall apply. Allowable stress design may be used to evaluate sliding or overturning at the soil
structure interface regardless of the design approach used in the design approach used in the design of the
structure, provided load combinations of Section 204.4 are utilized.

 I. Design Specifications
 II. Determine the Structural Period (T): 𝑇 = 𝐶𝑡(ℎ𝑛)3/4
o Where:
 T – time (in seconds).
 Ct – 0.0731 for reinforced concrete moment resisting frames.
 hn – height above the base to level n (in meters).

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2.4.3.1 Specifications for Seismic Analysis of the Structure
 Occupancy Category : Standard Occupancy Structure (Occupancy Category IV).
 Importance Factor : Iw = 1.00 (Essential Facilities)
 Zone Location : Zone 4
 Seismic Zone Factor : Z = 0.40
 Soil Profile Type : Sd (Stiff Soil Profile)
 Seismic Source Type : Type B
 Near Source Factor : Nv = 1.00
 Seismic Coefficient : Ca = 0.28
 Seismic Coefficient : Cv = 0.40
 Resisting Frame Type : R = 8.5 (Special Reinforced Concrete Moment Frames)
 Height of the Structure : z = 15.5m
 Weight of the Structure : Wt = 7263.486675KN

2.4.3.2 Determining the Structural Period (T) using Method A

𝑇 = 𝐶𝑡(ℎ𝑛)3/4
Where:
 T – time (in seconds).
 Ct – 0.0731 for reinforced concrete moment resisting frames.
 hn – height above the base to level n (in meters).
o hn = z = 15.5m
𝑇 = 0.0731(15.5)3/4
𝑻 = 𝟎. 𝟓𝟕𝟏𝟎𝟑𝟗𝟓𝟎𝟎𝟑𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒅𝒔

2.4.3.3 Determining the Design Base Shear (V)

𝐶𝑣𝐼
𝑉= (𝑊)
𝑅𝑇
Where:
 V – base shear
 Cv – seismic coefficient
o Cv = 0.40
 Iw – essential facilities
o Iw = 1.00
 R – resisting frame type
o R = 8.5 (Special Reinforced Concrete Moment Frames)

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  T – time (in seconds)
o T = 0.5710395003seconds
 Wt – weight of the structure
o Wt = 7263.486675KN
0.40(1.00)
𝑉= (7263.486675)
8.5(0.5710395003)
𝑽 = 𝟓𝟗𝟖. 𝟓𝟕𝟕𝟎𝟒𝟔𝟕𝑲𝑵

2.4.3.4 Determining the Lateral Forces in each Floor

(𝑉 − 𝑓𝑡)(𝑤𝑥 ℎ𝑥 )
𝐹𝑥 =
𝛴𝑖𝑛 = 1𝑤 𝑖 ℎ𝑖
Since T < 0.75, therefore ft = 0.
Vertical Distribution of Seismic Forces
Level H (m) Hx (m) Wx (KN) WxHx (KN- 𝑊𝑥 𝐻𝑥 Fx (KN)
m) 𝛴𝑊𝑖 𝐻𝑖
1 3.00 3.00 1534.56451 4603.69353 0.1027961651 61.53142493
2 3.00 6.00 1488.184745 8929.10847 0.1993786299 119.3434715
3 3.00 9.00 1488.184745 13393.66271 0.299067945 179.0152073
4 3.00 12.00 1488.184745 17858.21694 0.3987572599 238.686943
Σ 12.00 30.00 5999.118745 44784.68165 1 598.5770467
Table 2 – 6: Vertical Distribution of Seismic Forces

2.4.3.5 Computation of the Earthquake Load

6.1
𝑝=2−
𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑥 √𝐴𝐵
Where:
 p – reliability/redundancy factor as given by the above equation.
 𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑥 – the maximum element – storey ratio.
o 𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 17858.21694𝐾𝑁
o 𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.3987572599
 ΣFx = 598.5770467KN
 𝐴𝐵 – loaded area of concrete (𝑚𝑚2 ).
o 𝐴𝐵 = 400𝑚2
6.1
𝑝=2−
0.3987572599√400
𝒑 = 𝟏. 𝟐𝟑𝟓𝟏𝟐𝟑𝟔𝟒𝟒

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𝐸𝑉 = 0.5𝐶𝑎 𝐼𝐷
Where:

 𝐸𝑉 – the load effect resulting from the vertical component of the earthquake ground motion.
 𝐶𝑎 – seismic coefficient.
 𝐼𝑤 – importance factor.
 D – dead load effect.
𝐸𝑉 = 0.5(0.28)(1.00)(8.506)
𝑬𝒗 = 𝟏. 𝟏𝟗𝟎𝟖𝟒
𝑉𝑝
Earthquake Load = ℎ
𝑛 𝐸𝑣

Where:
 V – base shear.
o V = 598.5770467KN
 p - reliability/redundancy factor as given by the above equation.
o p = 1.235123644
 hn – height above the base to level n (in meters).
o hn = z = 15.5m
 𝐸𝑉 – the load effect resulting from the vertical component of the earthquake ground motion.
o 𝐸𝑉 = 1.19084
598.5770467(1.235123644)
𝐸𝑎𝑟𝑡ℎ𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑘𝑒 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 =
15.5(1.19084)
𝑬𝒂𝒓𝒕𝒉𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒌𝒆 𝑳𝒐𝒂𝒅 = 𝟒𝟎. 𝟎𝟓𝟑𝟗𝟓𝟐𝟖𝟕𝑲𝑷𝒂

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