Ping: Packet internet grouper When you send data from one device to

another remote device, the IPv4 Datagram often travels through one or
more routers. There can be errors at routers while they try to forward the IPv4
Datagram to its final destination. The Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)
protocol is used to report problems with delivery of IPv4 Datagrams within
an IPv4 network. ICMP is also used for other diagnosis and troubleshooting
functions.

An Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) packet header is 8 Bytes

long. The first four bytes always have the same meaning, and the contents of the
remaining four depend on the ICMP packet type. An ICMP header follows the IP
header in an IP datagram packet and Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) is
considered to be an integral part of IPv4.

The most common ICMP messages

Echo Request and Echo Reply: Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)
is often used during test the connectivity between devices. We can use the ping
(Packet InterNet Grouper, a command-line utility used to check the
connectivity between two devices) command to check connectivity from one
device with another device and the ping command is using Internet Control
Message Protocol (ICMP). Ping command sends an IP datagram packet to
the IPv4 address of the device we are trying to check the connectivity and requests
the destination device to return the data sent in a response datagram. Ping
command uses Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) Echo Request and Echo
Reply.

Source Quench: If a device is sending large amounts of data to another remote

device, the volume can flood the router with data. The router can use Internet
Control Message Protocol (ICMP) to send a Source Quench message to the
source IPv4 address to ask it to slow down the rate at which it is sending data.
Destination Unreachable: If a router receives a datagram that cannot be delivered,
Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) returns a Destination Unreachable
message to the source IPv4 address.
Time Exceeded: Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) sends this message
to the source IP if a datagram is discarded because Time-to-Live (TTL)
value reaches zero. One reason is the destination device is too many router hops
away to reach with the current Time-to-Live (TTL) value or a routing loop (An
undesirable condition when the IP Datagrams loop infinitely between the routers,
without reaching the destination).