EAS SYSTEM

An EAS system or electronic article surveillance system is a method of

preventing shoplifting in department stores, in retail or in whole sale. There are tags
that are fixed on the items whenever it will be sold. These tags are being removed or
deactivated by the clerk upon the payment of the item. At the exits of the stores, an
EAS system detects an active tag and will sound an alarm in order to alert the staff that
the shoplifter attempts to go out of the store with an unpaid item.
The ladder diagram below shows the Activation and deactivation buttons of the
EAS system. Once activated the system remains activated even the activate button
changes its state. The deactivation button must be pressed in order to turn the system
off.
In ON state, the system is capable of detecting an active tag. Once an active tag
is detected, the alarm coil will be pressed which triggers the sound of the alarm.
The alarm sound will remain on making an alert unless the OFF alarm or Stop
alarm sound is on.

PLC PROGRAM
Program: LOGO!Soft Comfort Demo version
List of Inputs and Outputs
I1 – Master Switch
I2 – Deactivate System
I3 – Tag Detector
I4 – Alarm stop
Q1 – Master Coil
Q2 – Alarm Coil
Q3 – Alarm
Ladder diagram

PROGRAM description
The first line of the program shows the latching of the master coil to activate the
entire security system. I1 is a momentary push button (make) that once pressed, the
EAS system is activated. The system must be activated in order for alarm to be turned
on when the sensor detector put an effect to the alarm coil. The EAS system can be
turned of by pressing the I2, the deactivate system button.
When the system is at the state of active and the detector senses an unpaid item,
the alarm coil, Q2 will momentarily go high which will activate the alarm, Q3. The
alarm will be stayed ON unless the Alarm Stop, I4 will be pressed.
 IMPLEMENTING BCD TO EXCESS-3
CODE CONVERSION
This PLC program implements BCD to excess-3 code conversion in PLC using
ladder diagram language. Excess-3 code can be derived from BCD code by adding 3
to each number. The truth table of BCD to Excess-3 is shown below:

Excess-3 binary code is a unweighted self-complementary BCD code. Self-

Complementary property means that the 1’s complement of an excess-3 number is
the excess-3 code of the 9’s complement of the corresponding decimal number. This
property is useful since a decimal number can be nines’ complemented (for
subtraction) as easily as a binary number can be ones’ complemented; just by
inverting all bits.

PLC PROGRAM
Program: LOGO!Soft Comfort Demo version
List of Inputs and Outputs
I1 – 4th bit BCD code
I2 – 3rd bit BCD code
I3 – 2nd bit BCD code
I4 – 1st bit BCD code
Q1 – 4th bit Excess-3 code
Q2 – 3rd bit Excess-3 code
Q3 – 2nd bit Excess-3 code
Q4 – 1st bit Excess-3 code
PROGRAM description
The program was built from the simplified expression of the Excess-3 table. The
expression was simplified by the use of Karnaugh map. The input of the program is
the binary coded decimals which will be processed to be Excess-3 codes by the use
of the series and parallel connections which corresponds to and and or operation of
the logic circuit. The simplified expression was
Q1 = I3 ( I2 + I4 ) + I1
Q2 = I2’ ( I4 + I3 ) + I2 I3’ I4’
Q3 = I3’ I4’ + I3 I4
Q4 = I4
 Car Parking
System
With the increasing levels of vehicles on the roads, consumers are finding it
harder to find parking; this leads to congestion particularly in our urban areas.
Modern technology is required to help reduce the levels of traffic, this will keep
vehicles moving to help reduce fuel consumption, saving consumers money and
helping the environment. It is personally felt that the majority of existing car parks
and street parking spaces have very little technology; this does little to help the
consumer and provides little feedback to the site owners.
The aim of the project was to develop a car parking monitoring system, with a
view to designing a suitable monitoring system and with multiple vehicle detection
sensors; the final product was desired to provide simple installation, operation and
high reliability, whilst ensuring low cost design. The system will be aimed to be a
parking solution ideal for council or private car parks as well as roadside spaces for
maximum.

PLC PROGRAM
Program: LOGO!Soft Comfort Demo version
List of Inputs and Outputs
I1 – ON/Activate system button
I2 – OFF/Deactivate system button
I3 – Manual increment/decrement of car
I4 – Direction switch (up or down count)
Q1 – System State (Activated or deactivated)
Q2 – Red Bulb (Indicator – Car parking Full)
Q3 – Green Bulb (Indicator – free car park space/s)
C001 – Counter of car parked
SF002 – An LED monitor
PROGRAM description
The first line of the program of the master coil that activates the car park system
monitor, indicated by Q1. Once the system was activated, the system will be capable
of counting the number of cars in the parking lot by counting number of entering and
reducing the number of cars leaving. The direction of counting is governed by the
switch I4. When I4 was switched on, the counting starts to decrement and when it is
off, the counting starts to increment. The counting is input manually by I3, a
momentary push button. A green bulb Q3 was on, it means that the capacity of the car
park is still not reached and when the number of cars reached the parking lot limit,
the Red bulb will be on and the green bulb will be off. A message text LOGO! Display
will appear once the system was activated. It acts as the LCD Monitor display of the
system that indicates the date, time, the number of total slots and the numberof
parking slot occupied.
 Traffic Light
System
The normal function of traffic lights requires more than slight control and
coordination to ensure that traffic and pedestrians move as smoothly, and safely as
possible. A variety of different control systems are used to accomplish this, ranging
from simple clockwork mechanisms to sophisticated computerized control and
coordination systems that self-adjust to minimize delay to people using the junction.
A single traffic light was constructed in the program. The program aims to
simulate the use of timer or delays in the traffic light system.

PLC PROGRAM
Program: LOGO!Soft Comfort Demo version
List of Inputs and Outputs

I1 – ON/System Activate switch

I2 – OFF/System Deactivate switch
Q1 – Traffic light system state (Activated or deactivated)
Q2 – Green light (Go)
Q3 – Amber light (Slow down)
Q4 – Red light (Stop)
T001 – Timer for Green light
T002 – Timer for Amber light
T003 – Timer for Red light
T004 – Timer for the next sequence
PROGRAM description
The program begins with the latching of the master coil to turn the traffic light
system on by pressing I1 and the indicator Q1 will be ON. Pressing I2, turns the system
off. When the system is activated, the green bulb, Q2 will be turned on for 10 seconds.
After 10 seconds, the green bulb will be off and the amber bulb will be on for 3
seconds. The red bulb will be on for 5 seconds once the amber bulb is off. The on and
off the traffic lights/bulbs is governed by the timers. The sequence repeats and stops
once the I2 was pressed.
 Elevator System
Elevator, also called lift, car that moves in a vertical shaft to carry passengers
or freight between the levels of a multistory building. Most modern elevators are
propelled by electric motors, with the aid of a counterweight, through a system of
cables and sheaves (pulleys). By opening the way to higher buildings, the elevator
played a decisive role in creating the characteristic urban geography of many modern
cities, especially in the United States, and promises to fill an indispensable role in
future city development.
An elevator system is an easy concept to understand. In its simplest form there
is a single elevator, moving vertically, for serving users on all floor levels. When a
user desires to ride the elevator, they press a button located in the elevator lobby.
The lobby is defined as the area of the building, adjacent to the elevator, on a given
floor. The user presses the either of two buttons, up or down, correlating to the
direction they want to move. The elevator responds to the pressing of this button via
the path of predetermined travel routes or cycles. An elevator that is initially idle will
dispatch immediately to the floor of the user request. The elevator will stop only for
other requests for moving in its current direction of travel. Once all requests have
been serviced in one direction of a cycle, the elevator will reverse and begin
responding to requests in the same manner as before.

PLC PROGRAM
Program: LOGO!Soft Comfort Demo version
List of Inputs and Outputs
I1 – ON/OFF Switch
I2 – Emergency stop switch
I3 – Manual Counter input
I4 – Direction switch (Increment of Decrement number of passenger)
I5 – Ground floor button
I6 – Second floor button
I7 – Third floor button
Q1 – Elevator State indicator
Q2 – Alarm
Q3 – Elevator Door State
C001 – Capacity counter
T002 – Delay from Ground to third floor
T003 – Delay from second to third floor
T004 – Delay from ground to second floor
PROGRAM description
The Elevator system is consisting of power switch, I1 which turns the elevator
on or off, an emergency stop switch, I2 and three floor buttons. It has additional
switches, I3 for manual loading and unloading of passenger to be able to simulate the
system. A counter was used to maintain the capacity of the elevator below its
maximum weight limit. An alarm, Q2 was also attached to the elevator as the indicator
that the maximum weight limit was reached. When the alarm was turned on, the
passengers will not be able to move the elevator. The number of passengers must be
reduced in order to be able to move the elevator car.
The elevator system has three outputs. One is for the state of the elevator
system, Q1, which indicates whether it is on or off. Another one is for the indication of
the alarm signal, Q2. And lastly, one for the door state,Q3, which indicates whether
the door is opened or closed.
The movement of the elevator system is indicated by a time delay or timer for
the closing and opening of the door.