Page 1
Designation: D 5201 – 05
Standard Practice for
Calculating Formulation Physical Constants of Paints and
Coatings1t
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5201; the number
immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A
number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last
revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This practice covers procedures commonly used in
the
paint industry to formulate paints and coating materials.
It
describes procedures for calculating formulation values
for
weight solids, volume solids, solvent content, volatile
organic
compound (VOC) content, hazardous air pollutant
(HAP)
content, and density of liquid paints and coatings. These
values
are calculated from basic formulation data. These
calculations
may be related to either as-supplied (unreduced) or as-
applied
(reduced) coating materials, including multicomponent
types.
1.2 These calculated, formulation-based values may or
may
not be acceptable for VOC regulatory purposes,
depending on
the specific wording of the applicable regulation. Some
regu-
lations require analysis of the coating. Some rules allow
the use
of formulation data, however, some adjustments may be
needed to the values calculated in this practice before
they are
used for regulatory purposes (see 4.3).
1.3 For purposes of this practice, it is assumed that
volatile
components evaporate and the materials that remain are
identified as coating solids. For example, solvents are
normally
used to adjust viscosity for application and appearance
of the
coating. Other liquid materials, such as plasticizers,
reactive
diluents, etc., that are expected to be retained in the
dried film
to affect the final physical properties should be
classified as
part of the coating solids. Standards such as Test
Methods
D 2369, D 4758, D 5403 and Guide D 2832 may be
used to
determine volatile or nonvolatile content of specific
compo-
nents. For purposes of this practice it is assumed that
the
blended formulation behaves as an ideal solution with
no
volume change on mixing (see 6.2).
1.4 Volatile by-products of cross-linking reactions (cure
volatiles) are not considered in these calculations since
the
object of this practice is to define paint physical
constants
based on formulation information. Variations in raw
materials,
variations in the production processes, test methods, and
test
method accuracy are not taken into account in these
calcula-
tions.
1.5 The values shown in this method are stated in
English
inch-pound units as commonly used in the United
States.
However, they may be readily converted into SI units, if
required by the user (for example, see Note 4).
1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be
regarded
as the standard for this specific practice. The values
given in
parentheses are for information only.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards: 2
D 153 Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Pigments
D 1475 Test Method For Density of Liquid Coatings,
Inks,
and Related Products
D 2369 Test Method for Volatile Content of Coatings
D2832 Guide for Determining Volatile and Nonvolatile
Content of Paint and Related Coatings
D3960 Practice for Determining Volatile Organic Com-
pound (VOC) Content of Paints and Related Coatings
D 4758 Test Method for Nonvolatile Content of Latexes
D5403 Test Methods for Volatile Content of Radiation
Curable Coatings
E 29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data
to
Determine Conformance with Specifications
2.2 U. S. Environmental Protection Agency Documents:
Code of Federal Regulations Title 40 Part 51.100 (s)
Definition of VOC Clean Air Act, Section 1123,4
Code of Federal Regulations Title 40, Part 63, Subpart
NNNN, Table 3 (Default Organic HAP Mass Fraction
for
Solvents and Solvent Blends) and Subpart RRRR Table
4
(Default Organic HAP Mass Fraction for Petroleum cally or obtained from supplier information. Use Test
Sol- Methods
vent Groups) 3 D 153 where applicable.
EPA Federal Reference Method 24 – Determination of 3.1.2 formula HAP content, n—calculated amount
Vola- based on
tile Matter Content, Water Content, Density Volume formula content (such as pounds of HAP per gallon of
1 This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on coating
Paint and
Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct
solids).
responsibility of 3.1.2.1 Discussion—This is a theoretical value that may
Subcommittee D01.24 on Physical Properties of Liquid Paints and Paint be
Materials. an approximation of the HAP content that would be
Current edition approved May 15, 2005. Published July 2005.
Originally obtained
approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D 5201 – by an analytical determination, for example, EPA
03a. Reference
2 For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website,

www.astm.org, or
Method 311.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual 3.1.3 formula percent volume solids content, n— the
Book of ASTM calcu-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document lated volume of nonvolatile material in a formula
Summary page on
the ASTM website. divided by
3 Available from Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government the total volume of the paint material, times 100 %.
Printing 3.1.4 formula percent weight solids content, n— the
Office, Washington, DC 20402. They are also available at the EPA
website:
calcu-
http://www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/coat/coatingscalc.html. lated weight of nonvolatile material in a formula
4 A list of hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) may be found at the divided by the
following total weight of the coating material, times 100 %.
website: http://www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/188polls.html. Modifications to
this original 3.1.5 formula solvent content, n—the calculated weight
list may be found at the following website: of
http://www.epa.gov/ttnatw01/ the solvents in a specific volume of paint (such as
atwsmod.html or at the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 40, Part 63,
Subpart C.
pounds of
1 solvent per gallon of paint), which is determined by
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this totaling all
standard. solvents present.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,
United States. 3.1.5.1 Discussion—Volatile by-products of cross-
linking
reactions (cure volatiles) are not included in the formula
Page 2 solvent content.
Solids, and Weight Solids, of Surface Coatings3 3.1.6 formula volatile density, n—the calculated density
EPA Federal Reference Method 311 – Analysis of of
Hazard- the combined volatile composition (includes VOC,
ous Air Pollutant Compound in Paints and Coatings by exempt
Direct Injection into a Gas Chromatograph3 solvents, water, ammonia, etc.).
EPA 450/3-88-018, U.S. Environmental Protection 3.1.7 formula VOC content, n—calculated amount
Agency based
Protocol for Determining the Daily Volatile Organic upon total formula solvent content, (such as pounds of
Compound Emission Rate of Automobile and Light solvent
Duty per gallon of paint) exclusive of water or solvents that
Truck Topcoat Operations5 are not
3. Terminology VOC. This is a theoretical value that may be an
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: approximation
3.1.1 formula density, n—(see Test Method D 1475), of the VOC content that would be obtained by an
the analytical
calculated mass of a unit volume of material at the determination, for example, EPA Reference Method 24.
specified 3.1.7.1 Discussion—Solvent and VOC are not
temperature. equivalent
3.1.1.1 Discussion—In this practice, density is terms. See 40 CFR 51·100 (Par·S) for the current EPA
expressed in definition of volatile organic compound (VOC) and
pounds per U.S. gallon (lb/gal) since this is commonly description
used in of compounds that are exempt. Ammonia and water are
the coatings industry. Where dry materials are not
concerned, VOC, as they are not organic compounds.
actual density (not bulk density) should be determined 4. Significance and Use
analyti-
4.1 Physical constants of paints and coatings are = density of ingredient.
required in 5.2.1.1 An example would be as follows where the
all aspects of their formulation, manufacture and use. weight
This (W) and density (D) of each ingredient are known:
practice demonstrates standard methods agreed upon for Ingredient
Weight
cal- W, (lb)
culating formulation values for some of these physical Density
D, (lb/gal)
con- Volume
stants. The calculations are the same for either metric or V, (gal)
1
inch/pound units. 81.50
4.2 These formula values may not be used to replace 7.74
10.530
measured values required by government regulations 2
unless 6.10
7.90
specifically stated in the governing documents. 0.772
4.3 Some regulations allow compliance determination 3
0.40
using 8.72
formulation data instead of analytical data. This 0.046
4
formulation 12.00
data may not yield the same results as the required 7.65
1.569
analytical Formula
method, which could be performed on a sample from 100.00
Df
any 12.917
production batch of the coating. In these cases, the user Df 5 100/12.917 5 7.74 lb/gal.
may 5.2.2 If the density of any one of the ingredients in a
wish to compare formulation data to analytical data and product
develop a factor that adjusts for variability of raw is unknown, it can be calculated as long as the density
materials, of the
variability of production batches, cure volatiles, and paint and the other ingredients in that formulation are
variability known.
of the analytical methods. This situation may occur with a resin solution where the
5. Calculations density and volume of the polymer solids are unknown,
5.1 Calculated values should be rounded to the as in
appropriate the following example:
number of significant digits in accordance with 5Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of
Documents,
Practice E 29, 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401. Refer
Guidelines for Retaining Significant Figures in to EPA
Calculation and 450/3-88-018 dated December 1988. This protocol makes reference to
Reporting of Test Results. the paint
formulation physical constants for VOC and volume solids content.
5.2 Formula Density (weight per unit volume):
5.2.1 The formula density (Df) can be calculated from D 5201 – 05
2
the
total weight (Wf) and total volume (Vf) of the
formulation. The
formulation volume can be calculated from the weight
Page 3
Ingredient
and Weight
density of each ingredient as given by the following W, (lb)
Density
equation: D, (lb/gal)
Df 5 Wf /Vf Volume
5 @W1 1 W2 1 ... Wn #/@W1/D1 1 W2/D2 1 ... Wn /Dfn# V, (gal)
Polymer solids
5 [sum] Wi /[sum] Wi /Di 50.00
(1) Dps
where: Vps
Solvent A
n 25.00
= number of items in the formulation, 6.95
3.60
Df Solvent B
= formula density, lb/gal (g/L), 25.00
7.18
Wf 3.48
= total weight of formula, lb (g), Formula
100.00
Vf 7.50
= total volume of formula, gal (L), Vf
Wi where:
= weight of ingredient, lb (g), and Vf
Di = volume of total formula, gal = 100.00/7.50 = 13.3
gal, each solvent. Calculate percent of solids by volume
Vps using one
= volume of polymer solids, gal = 13.33 − (3.60 + of the following equations, depending on available
3.48) = 6.25 gal, and informa-
Dps tion.
= density of polymer solids, lb/gal = 50.00/6.25 = 8.00 5.5.1 Calculate volume percent solids by subtracting the
lb/gal. volume of solvents from the total volume of paint, as
5.3 Formula Solvent (Volatile) Density: follows:
5.3.1 The density of the solvent (volatile) portion can be Sv 5 ~~total vol of paint–vol of solvents!/~total vol of paint!! 3 100
calculated using the following equation: (5)
Ds 5 @V1D1 1 V2D2 1 V3D3 1 ...VnDn#/@V1 1 V2 1 V3 1 ...Vn# where:
5 [sum] ViDi/[sum] Vi Sv
(2) = volume percent of solids (nonvolatile)
where: or
Ds 5.5.2 Calculate volume percent solids directly if the
= density of solvent portion, lb/gal (g/L), volume
Vi of solids and volume of paint are known:
= volume of individual solvent, gal (L), SV 5 ~volume of solids!/~total volume of paint! 3 100
Di (6)
= density of individual solvent, lb/gal (g/L), and where:
n Sv
= number of items in the formulation. = volume percent of solids (nonvolatile)
NOTE 1—The above formula pertains to all solvents incorporated in or,
the 5.5.3 When the volume solids of each ingredient in a
formulation. formulation is known, the volume solids of the
NOTE 2—If the weight (W) of the solvents in the formulation is
known formulation can
rather than the volume, the overall solvent density can be be calculated by totaling the volumes and volume solids
determined of
using the alternative equation, as follows: each ingredient as follows:
DS 5 Sum Wi/Sum~Wi/Di! 5.5.3.1 Calculate the volume (Vi) of each ingredient
(3)
from
5.4 Formula Weight Percent Solids (Nonvolatile):
the formula weight (Wi) of each ingredient, divided by
If the weight percent solids content of each ingredient is
its
known, the total formulation weight percent solids can
density (Di):
be Vi 5 Wi/Di
determined by summing up the weight of solids in each (7)
ingredient divided by the total weight of the paint. 5.5.3.2 Determine the total volume (Vf) of the formula
5.4.1 Calculate percent of solids by weight as follows: from
SW 5 ~Sum~wt of solids!/~total wt of coating!! 3 100 the sum of the volumes of the individual ingredients:
5 ~S~WiSi!!/Wf Vf 5 SVi
(4) (8)
where: 5.5.3.3 Formula volume solids content (Svf) is calculated
SW in
= formula weight percent of solids (nonvolatile), %, the following manner. The volume of each ingredient
Wf (Vi) is
= total weight of formula, lb. (g), multiplied by the volume percent solids of that
Wi ingredient (Svi)
= weight of ingredient, lb. (g), and and the sum of these volume solids is divided by the
Si total
= weight percent solids of ingredient, %. volume of the formula to give formula volume solids.
5.5 Formula Volume Percent Solids (Nonvolatile): This is
Generally the volume solids content is calculated by shown symbolically as follows:
sub- Svf 5 ~S ~Svi Vi!!/Vf
tracting the volume of all solvent from the total volume, (9)
since 5.5.3.4 An example would be as follows:
the volume of the solvent portion is usually more Ingredient
Weight
readily W, (lb.)
available than the volume of solid materials. The Density D,
(lb./gal)
volume of the Total
solvent portion may be obtained directly from the Volume
Volume
formula data Solids, %
or determined by dividing the weight (W) by the density Volume
of Solids
(D) of 1
7.35
8.00
0.92 (11)
31.0
0.29 where:
2 volume % water
22.41
7.96 = wt% water (for-
2.82 mula
21.5
0.61 density/
3 water density)
52.85
8.24 volume % exempt volatile compound = wt %
6.41 exempt
23.8
1.53 volatile
4 com-
5.98
7.16 pound (formula
0.84 density/density
0.0
... exempt volatile
5 compound)
6.13
NOTE 3—See Practice D 3960, Appendix X2, Two or More Exempt
9.27
0.66 Solvents, when there is more than one exempt volatile compound.
100.00 5.6.1.2 If all of the volatile in the formulation is
0.66
6 considered
0.28 to be VOC for regulatory purposes, then the general
7.17
0.04 expression
0.0 in 5.6.1.1 simplifies to:
...
VOC ~mass of VOC per unit volume of coating less water and less
7
5.00 exempt volatile compounds!
8.14 5 ~~100 wt % solids! 3 density of coating!3 density of coating!/100
0.61 (12)
33.6 NOTE 4—Solvent content and VOC content values may be
0.20
100.00 converted
12.30 from pounds per (U.S.) gallon (lb/gal) to grams per litre (g/L) by
3.29 multiplying by 119.84.
Sv 5 ~total vol of solids, gal!/~total vol of paint, gal! 3 100 5.6.2 VOC Content Expressed as the Mass of VOC per
(10)
Unit
where:
Volume of Coating Solids (Nonvolatiles):
Sv
5.6.2.1 General Expression:
= volume percent of solids (nonvolatile). VOC 5 ~~100 – wt % solids – wt % water – wt % exempt volatile
5.6 Formula Total Solvent Content and VOC Content compound! 3 formula density!/volume % solids
(see (13)
3.1.7): 5.6.2.2 If all of the volatile in the formulation is
In this practice VOC content is expressed in four ways: considered
(1) to be VOC for regulatory purposes, then the general
Mass of VOC per unit volume of coating less water and expression
less in 5.6.2.1 simplifies to:
exempt volatile compounds, (2) Mass of VOC per unit VOC ~mass of VOC per unit volume of coating solids!
volume 5 ~100 – wt % solids!/volume % solids
(14)
of coating solids, (3) Mass of VOC per unit mass of
5.6.3 VOC Content Expressed as the Mass of VOC per
solids, and
Mass
(4) Mass of VOC per unit volume of coating including
of Solids:
water
5.6.3.1 General Expression:
and exempt volatile compounds. The following VOC 5 ~~100 – wt % solids – wt % water – wt % exempt volatile
equations may compound! 3 formula density!/weight % solids
be used to calculate VOC content. (15)
5.6.1 VOC Content Expressed as the Mass of VOC per 5.6.3.2 If all of the volatile in the formulation is
Unit considered
Volume of Coating Less Water and Exempt Volatile to be VOC for regulatory purposes, the general
Com- expression in
pounds: 5.6.3.1 simplifies to:
D 5201 – 05 VOC ~mass of VOC per mass of solids! 5
~100 – wt % solids!/weight % solids
3
(16)
5.6.4 VOC Content Expressed as the Mass of VOC per
Unit
Page 4 Volume of Coating Including Water and Exempt
5.6.1.1 General Expression: Volatile
VOC 5 ~~100 – wt % solids – wt % water – wt % exempt volatile Compounds:
compound!~density of coating! ~100 % 2 ~volume % water
– volume % exempt volatile compounds!!
5.6.4.1 General Expression:
VOC ~lbs/gal! 5 ~~100 – wt % solids – wt % water = weight of ingredient, lb (g),
– wt % exempt volatile compound! Hi
3 formula density!/100
(17) = ingredient weight fraction of HAP,
5.6.4.2 If all of the volatile in the formulation is Wf
considered = total weight of formula, lb (g),and
to be VOC for regulatory purposes, then the general Sf
expression = weight fraction solids of formula.
in 5.6.4.1simplifies to: 5.7.3 HAP Content Expressed as Mass of HAP per Unit
VOC ~mass of VOC per unit volume of coating Volume of Paint Solids:
including water and exempt volatile compounds! 5.7.3.1 General Expression:
5 ~~100 – wt % solids! 3 formula density!/100 HAP 5 ~S~HAP content!/~total volume of coating solids!!
(18) 5 S~WiHi!/~WfSvf/Df!
5.7 Formula HAP Content — In this practice, HAP (21)
content where:
is expressed in three ways: (1) Mass of HAP per unit HAPs = formula HAP content, lb/gal solids (g/L solids),
volume Wi
of coating, (2) Mass of HAP per unit mass of coating = weight of ingredient, lb (g),
solids, Hi
and (3) Mass of HAP per unit volume of coating solids. = ingredient weight % of HAP, %,
The Wf
following equations may be used to calculate HAP = total weight of formula, lb (g),
content. Svf
NOTE 5—Very few materials used in paint formulations are pure = volume percent solids of formula, %, and
substances. To accurately assess the HAP content of a paint Df
formulation = density of formula, lb/gal (g/L).
the HAP content of each ingredient must be determined. Sources
for this D 5201 – 05
information include supplier Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS), 4
tech-
nical data sheets, material specification sheets and supplier
contacts.
Solvent Blends are often listed on MSDS or other product data
Page 5
sheets only 5.8 Paints Reduced for Application:
by their name or Chemical Abstract Services (CAS) number with 5.8.1 The calculations and examples shown in 5.2-
no 5.7 are
information about their HAP components. If this information is not
available, see Code of Federal Regulations Title 40, Part 63, for as-supplied materials intended for use without
Subparts further
NNNN and RRRR, Tables 3 and 4 for default values established by reduction. Similar calculations can be used for
the determining the
EPA. Note that the HAP content of materials from different formula density, percent weight solids content, percent
suppliers may
not be the same. volume
5.7.1 HAP Content Expressed as Mass of HAP per Unit solids content, and solvent (VOC) content of materials
Volume of Paint: that
5.7.1.1 General Expression: have been reduced for application. It is only necessary
HAPw 5 S~HAP content!/total vol of coating 5 S~WiHi!/Vf to know
(19) the amount of reduction (volume or weight) and the
where: density of
HAPw the reducing solvent. The reducing solvent then
= formula HAP content, lb/gal, becomes an
Wi additional ingredient in the paint formulation.
= weight of ingredient, lb (g), 5.8.2 Each of the following examples is based on the
Hi equation:
= ingredient weight fraction of HAP, and D 5 W/V
Vf (22)
= total volume of formula, gal (L). where:
5.7.2 HAPs Content Expressed as Mass of HAPs per D
Unit = density,
Mass of Paint Solids: W
5.7.2.1 General Expression: = weight, and
HAPs 5 S~HAP content!/~total weight of coating solids! V
5 S~WiHi!/~WfSf! = volume.
(20) 5.8.2.1 Density of Reduced Material Knowing Percent
where: Re-
HAPS = formula HAPs content, lb/lb (g/g), duction by Volume:
Wi
(a) The paint material described in the example and the reducing thinner is considered to be VOC. The
in 5.2.1.1 is VOC
reduced 20% by volume with reducing thinner having a content is based on the equation:
density of 7.20 lb/gal as follows: VOC~Mass of VOC per Unit Volume of Coating!
Volume, 5 ~~100 – wt. % solids!/100!3~density!
gal (24)
Density,
lb/gal (b) Using the reduced density from the example
Weight, in 5.8.2.1
lb
Unreduced material and assuming an unreduced weight solids of 60% and a
1.00 volume reduction of 20 % thinner, the reduced formula
7.74
7.74 weight
Reducing thinner solids content (Swr) the VOC content is calculated as
0.20
7.20 follows:
W Volume,
1.20 gal
9.18 Density,
lb/gal
where (reducing thinner), weight = volume 3 density, Wt. Solids,
or %,
Unreduced material
W 5 0.20 3 7.20 5 1.44 lb.
1.00
(23) 7.74
(b) The density of the reduced material is obtained by 60.00
Reducing thinner
adding 0.20
the volume and weight of each component, and dividing 7.20
0.00
the Calculated
total weight by the total volume: 1.20
Volume, gal 7.65
Weight, lb Wt. Solids of reduced formulation
Unreduced material 5 ~~60 3 1.0 3 7.74!
1.00
1 ~0 30.2 3 7.2!!/~1.2 3 7.65!
7.74
Reducing thinner 5 50.59 % VOC~Mass of VOC per
0.20 Unit Volume of Coating!
1.44 5 ~~100 – 50.59!/100!3~7.65!
Sum 5 3.78 lb/gal
1.20
9.18 (25)
where: 5.8.2.4 Formula HAP Content of Reduced Paint,
density of reduced paint = 9.18/1.20 = 7.65 lb/gal. Expressed
5.8.2.2 Formula Volume Solids of Reduced Paint as the Mass of HAP per Unit Mass of Coating:
Knowing (a) Using the information from the previous examples
Percent Reduction and Unreduced Volume Solids: and
(a) Using the information from the previous example assuming a HAP content of 15 % for the formulation
and and 25 %
assuming an unreduced volume solids of 50 % and a for the reducing thinner, the HAP content of the
volume reduced paint
reduction of 20 % thinner, the reduced formula volume is calculated as follows:
Volume,
solids gal
content (S vr) is calculated as follows: Density,
Volume, gal lb/gal
Solids, gal HAP con-
Unreduced material tent,
1.00 %,
0.50 Unreduced material
Reducing thinner 1.00
0.20 7.74
0.00 15.00
1.20 Reducing thinner
0.50 0.20
7.20
formula volume solids, reduced = (0.50)/(1/20) = 0.42 25.00
gal, Calculated
1.20
or Svr= 42.0 %. 7.65
5.8.2.3 Formula VOC Content of Reduced Paint, HAP content of reduced formulation 5 ~~15 3 1.0 3 7.74!
Expressed 1 ~25 3 0.2 3 7.2!!/~1.23 7.65!
as the Mass of VOC per Unit Volume of Coating Less 5 16.6 %
(26)
Water
6. Precision and Bias
and Exempt Volatile Compounds, Knowing Percent
6.1 No statement is made about either the precision or
Reduction
bias
and Unreduced Weight Solids:
of this practice for calculating formulation physical
(a) In this example all of the volatile in both the
constants
formulation
since the results are obtained strictly by mathematical
calcula-
tions and will be related to the accuracy of the data used
and
conformance to the prescribed calculations.
6.2 A bias toward slightly smaller volumes and higher
densities may result from non-ideal solution behavior
(see 1.3,
(2)).
7. Keywords
7.1 density; formulation; HAP; hazardous air pollutant;
physical constants; solids content; VOC; volatile
organic
compound
D 5201 – 05
5

Page 6
SUMMARY OF CHANGES
Committee D01 has identified the location of selected
changes to this standard since the last issue
(D 5201 – 03a) that may impact the use of this standard.
(1) Added reference to HAP in 1.1.
(2) Added reference to Test Methods D
5403 in 1.3 and 2.1.
(3) Added reference to various documents that refer to
HAP in
2.2.
(4) Added definition of formula HAP content in 3.1.2.
(5) Added additional information to footnote 3.
(6) Added footnote 4.
(7) Added the word solvent to 5.5.
(8) Added 5.7 on calculating Formula HAP Content.
(9) Added 5.8.2.3 on calculating VOC Content of
reduced
paints.
(10) Added 5.8.2.4 on calculating HAP Content of
reduced
paints.
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