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(SgGJDP
 Crecimiento económico 2007 y 2008

para algunos países y proyecciones 2009 y 2010

2007
15 13,0
2008 (e)
2009 (p)
10 9,0
7,5 7,5
2010 (p) 6,5 5,7 5,2
5 4,2
2,7 2,4 2,5 3,2
% 2,0
1,1 0,9 1,3 1,51,6 1,9
0,5 0
0
0
-0,4 -0,6
-1,3
-2,8
-5 -4,2
-6,2
Mundo
Estados Unidos

Colombia

Latinoamérica
Japón

China
Zona Euro

-10

Fuente: FMI - WEO, Abril 2009

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(SgGJDP
 Mercado de hipoteca estodounidense

2003 2004 2005

Alt-A FHA/VA
FHA/VA Alt-A FHA/VA Alt-A
Subprime 2,2% 2,9%
5,6% 6,3% 4,5% 12,2%
7,9 %

Subprime
18,2 %

Subprime
20,0%

Prime
Prime Prime 53,2%
78,8% 58,9%

2006 2007
FHA/VA FHA/VA
Alt-A Alt-A
2,7% 4,2%
13,4% 11,3%

Subprime
7,9%

Subprime
20,1 %
Prime
49,3% Prime
62,1%

Fuente: Inside Mortgage Finance, Last update February 8, 2008

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(SgGJDP
 Ahorro nacional. Crecimiento del ahorro doméstico

en algunos países. 2009 (% PIB)

60

49.4
50

40
% 33.4
29.8
30
22.5 23.2
20

10 8.3

0
China India República Japón Alemania Estados
de Corea Unidos

Fuente: EIU estimados. Julio 2009

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 (SgGJDP
 Contribución global al crecimiento (%)
70

60

50
%

40

30

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008

Países industrializados
Países en desarrollo

Fuente: IMF. WEO - Abril 2009. 2009 y 2010 estimado

(SgGJDP
 Aportes de China al PIB mundial, 2000.

Estimaciones en el 2040 según Fogel. En %

2000 2040 py
Resto
EE.UU.
16%
Resto EE.UU. 14%
28% 22%
EU (15)
5%
Asia
12%
India
12%
Asia Japón
EU (15)
6% 2%
21%
Japón
8% India
China
China 5%
40%
11%

Fuente: Robert Fogel (2007) Capitalism and democracy in 2040: Forescat and speculations.

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 (SgGJDP
 Ventas de DVDs en Estados Unidos y Canadá.
USD$ Miles de millones
2.0

1.5

1.0

0.5

0
1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2009

Fuente: The Economist-Digital Entertainment

(SgGJDP
 Penetración de uso de archivos compartidos

España

Italia

Europa

Gran Bretaña

Estados Unidos
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

Fuente: The Economist-Forrester Research

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(SgGJDP
 Ventas de música en el mundo

USD$ Miles de millones

Unidades vendidas,
miles de millones 2,96 2,87 25
2,97
3,01
3,1 20
Físico
Digital 15
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Fuente: The Economist - IFPI

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(SgGJDP
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350

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200

150

100
1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003

Gastos culturales según el INSEE

Gastos de consumo de los hogares

Fuente: Les dépenses culture-médias des ménages en France

(Deps, Ministère de la culture et de la communicatio, 2006)

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al gasto en cultura y medios

Equipos, accesorios e informática 2,08

Prácticas artísticas y asociativas 1,25
Foto y cine 1,05
Equipos de sonido 1,00
Espectáculo en vivo 0,96
Cine 0,94
Servicios para audiovisual 0,89
Libros 0,89
Consumo de música 0,83
Grabadora y video 0,72
Microcomputadores 0,69
Museos 0,63
Prensa 0,53
Suscripción a televisión 0,50
Equipos de televisión 0,27
Otras salidas 0,13

0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0 2,5 %

Elasticidad promedio de los gastos en cultura-medios: 0,78

Fuente: Les dépenses culture-médias des ménages en France

(Deps, Ministère de la culture et de la communicatio, 2006)

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(SgGJDP
 Gastos en cultura y medios y evolución del presupuesto
de los hogares
%
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4,25

4,00

3,75
Parte del presupuesto
Tendencia de mediano plazo
3,50
1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003
Cálculos de Crédoc* a partir de los datos de la contabilidad nacional y de una serie de datos** sobre el número de
hogares franceses.
*Centre de recherche pour l’étude el l’observation de conditions de vie (Centro de investigación para el estudio y la
observación de las condiciones de vida).
**Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques (Instituto nacional de estadística y estudios económicos)

Fuente: Les dépenses culture-médias des ménages en France.

(Deps, Ministère de la culture et de la communicatio, 2006).

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 (SgGJDP
 Elasticidad-precio de los gastos en diversión y equipos
en los hogares
Volumen
600

Televisores

500

Computadores
1

400

Aparatos DVD
de sonido e magen

300
Videos

Descargas eletrónicas
200
Programas y consolas 3 Espectáculos
de juego de video 4 5
Medios Libros
vírgenes
100 Instrumentos
Radios Revistas Cine
musicales Periódicos
2
Lab. fotog.
Discos Películas
Aparatos de foto/óptico y papel fotográfico
0
20 40 60 80 100 120 140 Precio

(SgGJDP
 Evolución de los gastos por rubros en el largo plazo

%
100
8%
90
11%
80 35% Telecomunicaciones

70
23%
5% Bienes y servicios
60
ligados a materiales
50 23%

40 58% Materiales

30

20 37% Bienes y servicios

culturales no
10 materiales

0
1959 1962 1965 1968 1971 1974 1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007

Fuente: Insee, comptes nationaux

(Deps, Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication, 2009)

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(SgGJDP
 Distribución de las empresas según el sector

15.000
12.107
Número de empresas

9.970
10.000

5.000

1.373

0
Empresas Empresas Agencias
de edición audiovisuales de prensa

Fuente: Culture chiffres (Deps, Ministère de la Culture, 2008)

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(SgGJDP
 Estructura comparada de las industrias culturales y los

servicios: distribución del volumen de negocios según
el número de empleados.

Industrias
culturales 19 81

Conjunto 41 59
de servicios

0 20 40 60 80 100 %
Menos de 20 20 o más
asalariados asalariados
Fuente: Enquête annuelle d’ entreprise dans les services (Insee),
Enquête annuelle d’ entreprise dans l’industrie (Sessi),
Système unifé de statistiques d’ entreprises (Insee)/DEPS

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(SgGJDP
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Ejemplos de contribución al conjunto de servicios

% Telecomunicaciones Informática
10

8
Valor agregado

6
Audiovisual
4
Arquitectura Edición
2
Agencias de prensa
0 %
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Empleo
*Para las actividades de edición, el empleo se calcula sobre el conjunto de las empresas:
el valor agregado hace referencia al campo de las empresas con 20 asalariados o más.

Fuente: Enquête annuelle d’entreprise dans les services (Insse), Enquête annuelle d’entreprise dans
l’industrie (Sessi)/DEPS

(SgGJDP
 Margen de la actividad audiovisual y las agencias

de prensa

Actividades audiovisuales 45
Cine y video 40
Producción de películas institucionales y publicitarias 6
Prestaciones técnicas para cine y televisión 10
Proyección de películas cinematográficas 18
Producción de películas para la televisión 45
Producción de películas para cine 46
Distribución de películas cinematográficas 75
Edición y distribución de video 83
Radio 25
Televisión 54
Edición de canales temáticos 23
Producción de programas de televisión 35
Edición de canales generales 58
Distribución de paquetes de programas de radio y televisión 72
Agencias de prensa 7

0 20 40 60 80 100 %

Fuente: Enauete annuelle d’entreprise dans l’industrie (Sessi)

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(SgGJDP
 Flujos de información material, social y simbólica de

información en las industrias creativas

Arquitectura
Moda
Danza

Deportes Impresos Sonidos

Conciertos
y juegos
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(SgGJDP
 Tamaños relativos de los sectores económicos

en términos de valor agragado, Alemania, 2006.
Fuente: Söndermann 2009
80

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Construcción Industria Industrias Industria Suministro
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(Sg¯DP
. Cálculos de la contribución de las industrias creativas al PIB de cinco

países de la OCDE.

Australia Canadá Francia Gran Bretaña Estados Unidos

Industrias Millones % PIB Millones % PIB Millones % VAB Millones % VAB Millones de % VAB
creativas de $ de $ de € de £ $ EEUU
austr. canad.

Publicidad 2.464* 0,50 2.856* 0,30 11.858* 0,80 5.000 0,70 20.835* 0,20

Arquitectura 788* 0,10 1.084* 0,10 2.524* 0,20 4.000 0,50 19.111* 0,20

Video, cine y 2.397* 0,40 3.909* 0,40 5.155* 0,40 2.200 0,30 39.076* 0,40
fotografía

Música, artes 952* 0,20 2.576* 0,20 3.425* 0,20 3.700 0,50 30.294* 0,30
visuales y
escénicas

Edición/medios 6.590* 1,20 19.427* 1,80 11.283* 0,80 14.950* 2,10 116.451* 1,10
escritos /

impresión 5.640* 1,00 n/d n/d 4.851* 0,30 6.350 0,90 45.662* 0,40

Emisiones Radio 3.474* 0,60 5.305* 0,50 4.878* 0,30 6.200 0,90 101.713* 1,00
y televisión

Negocio de arte 74* 0,00 1.082* 0,10 413* 0,00 500 0,10 195* 0,00
y antigüedades

Diseño (incluy- 313* 0,10 1.226* 0,10 363* 0,00 5.630 0,70 13.463* 0,10
endo diseño de
modas)

Artesanías n/d* n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d n/d

Total 17.053* 3,10 37.465* 3,50 39.899* 2,80 42.180* 5.80 341.139* 3,30

Total economía 542.831 100,00 1.069.703 100,00 1.434.812 100,00 732.395 100.00 10.469.601 100,00
(PIB o VAB)

Bibliotecas 792.2# … 1.236* 0,10 n/d n/d n/d n/d 1.112* 0,00
(incluyendo
archivos)

Museos 716.4# … 550* 0,10 148* 0,00 n/d n/d 3.294* 0,00

Sitios de patri- n/d n/d 672* 0,10 n/d n/d n/d n/d 508* 0,00
monio

Juegos elec- n/d n/d n/d n/d 8.169* 0,60 20.700 2,80 129.636* 1,20
trónicos

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 La espiral del valor en las industrias creativas

Variaciones de las Usuario

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copias
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Guiones
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Productor Presentación Distribuidor

original

Fuente: Hutter (2006)

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. Generación de empleo durante los últimos 3 años con respecto

a los programas culturales

Proyectos generados de empleo Cantidad de Cantidad de Total

personas con- personas con-
tratadas. 2008 tratadas. 2009

Tiempo
100 76 176
completo
SINEM

Medio tiempo 26 31 57

Proartes 334 566 (proyectado) 910

Festival Internacional de las

Artes (FIA). Festival Nacional de 300 (FIA) 250 (FNA) 550
las Artes (FNA)

Mejoramiento de infraestructura
384 548 (proyectado) 932
de los edificios emblemáticos

Programa Becas Taller 27 30 57

Tiempo com-
2.215 2.912 5.127
pleto
TOTAL
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(SgGJDP
 Objetivos de la política cultural

CIUDADANÍA Garantizar las libertades individuales

de expresión, y comunicación artística

Democratizar el acceso Reforzar la sensación de

a la cultura pertenencia e identidad

Mejorar la calidad de vida Democratizar la participación

en la construcción simbólica

TERRITORIO
Satisfacer demandas que no posibilita de una cominidad
el mercado
Generar cohesión social
y otros fines sociales
SOCIEDAD
Posibilitar la existencia de
empleos de calidad como los del
sector de la cultura
SECTORES Educar, formar
y transmitir valores
Generar ocupación y PIB
Promover la diversidad

Actividad complementaria para

otros sectores productivos
Generar impacto económico
ECONOMÍA
Mejorar la actividad
del territorio
Promover la innovación
sociopolítica
Generar desarrollo
Posibilitar un cambio
de modelo productivo

Fuente: elaboración propia

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5BCMB
. Aportación de las actividades culturales al PIB.

(En miles de euros)

Año 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Patrimonio 472.025 € 475.558 € 478.228 € 570.682 € 614.299 € 839.515 €
Archivos y
304.661 € 392.740 € 350.855 € 386.177 € 371.377 € 395.288 €
Bibliotecas
Libros y Prensa 8.624.793 € 9.092.155 € 9.462.487 € 9.861.043 € 10.274.905 € 11.117.664 €
Artes Plásticas 904.690 € 897.562 € 964.009 € 1.041.620 € 1.069.517 € 1.103.264 €
Artes Escénicas 656.602 € 714.005 € 808.076 € 842.949 € 885.677 € 987.999 €
Audivisual y Cine y Vídeo 2.376.424 € 2.446.432 € 2.539.068 € 2.508.357 € 2.806.805 € 2.680.597 €
Multimedia
Música Grabada 392.524 € 445.435 € 513.047 € 533.156 € 522.576 € 521.224 €
Radio y Tv. 3.375.076 € 3.809.604 € 4.431.106 € 4.517.535 € 4.757.027 € 4.712.258 €
Interdisciplinar 1.810.487 € 2.089.622 € 2.125.740 € 2.293.334 € 2.727.777 € 3.165.710 €
Total 18.917.282 € 20.363.113 € 21.672.616 € 22.554.854 € 24.029.960 € 25.523.520 €
Fuente: estimaciones propias.

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5BCMB
. Aportación de las actividades culturales al empleo.
Puestos de trabajo equivalentes a tiempo completo (en miles)

Año 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Patrimonio 16,2 17,7 20,2 24,3 31,6 37,4

Archivos y Bibliotecas 10,7 14,7 13,3 13,7 14,4 15,5

Libros y Prensa 242,1 245,8 245,9 241,8 250,1 252,2

Artes Plásticas 29,4 37,1 38,3 40,1 41,4 45,1

Artes Escénicas 29,0 32,0 32,6 29,7 31,0 31,6

Cine y Vídeo 36,6 41,9 46,7 50,6 51,2 55,7

Audiovisual y Multimedia Música Grabada 11,8 15,7 13,7 14,6 12,6 12,8

Radio y Tv 73,4 76,8 86,9 85,8 80,9 82,9

Interdisciplinar 80,9 87,4 95,4 92,7 104,0 110,8

Total 530,0 569,0 593,0 593,2 617,4 644,0

Fuente: estimaciones propias.

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5BCMB
. Productividad de los sectores culturales

y del sector servicios (2000-2005)

Tasa de Varia-
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
ción Interanual
Total agrupaciones sector
30.120 € 30.475 € 31.896 € 32.691 € 33.815 € 34.949 € 3,02
servicios

Actividades culturales 35.693 € 35.786 € 36.548 € 38.025 € 38.922 € 39.632 € 2,12

Actividades vinculadas a los

39.241 € 40.456 € 41.747 € 43.367 € 44.769 € 46.272 € 3,35
derechos de autor *

Actividades vinculadas a los

40.553 € 41.617 € 42.787 € 44.334 € 45.768 € 47.249 € 3,10
derechos de autor OMPI

Fuente: Instituto Nacional de Estadística. Encuesta anual de servicios para el sector servicios. Estimación propia el resto.

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(SgGJDP
 Comparación de la productividad de los sectores
culturales con la productividad del sector servicios

50.000 €
Actividades vinculadas a los
48.000 € derechos de autor OMPI
46.000 €
44.000 €
Actividades vinculadas
42.000 € a los derechos de autor

40.000 €
38.000 € Actividades culturales
36 .000 €

34 .000 €
Total agrupaciones
32 .000 € sector servicios
30 .000 €
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

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(SgGJDP
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64.000 €
59.000 € Radio y televisión

54.000 €
49.000 €
Libros y prensa
44.000 €
Música grabada
39.000 €
Total
34.000 €
29.000 €

24.000 €
19.000 €
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Total 35.693 35.786 36.548 38.025 38.922 39.632
Libros y prensa 35.626 36.990 38.478 40.782 41.075 44.082
Música grabada 33.405 28.313 37.352 36.561 41.505 40.689
Rádio y Tv. 45.993 49.627 50.997 52.664 58.774 56.812

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 (SgGJDP
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44.000 €

39.000 €
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34.000 €

29.000 € Archivos
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24.000 € Artes plásticas

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19.000 €
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Total 35.693 35.786 36.548 38.025 38.922 39.632
Artes plásticas 30.724 24.217 25.189 25.946 25.834 24.473
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