Noah horn, 9 Sahar Sh 2a Marg NEW DELM 11002 Tershoncs 203 0131, 323 375,33 08 Pov a1 11 szasee, 9557220909 91192200082 Telayams - Marsan (Cone oa Oe) contra! Laboratory “eeprane Pot No 208, Ste, Sababes ntl Aes, Sahibabad 201010, 77002 Regional Oices: Cemal:Manax Bvan, 8 Bahcur Shah Zar Marg. NEW ELM! 300n@ 9297617 “Eastern V8 CT Sohare VIM ViP Rood Mankola, CALCUTTA 700064 397 46 62 Norte $6055.96, Sete 34A, CHANOXGARH 160072 coma Southern: GT Campus, W Gross Road, CHENNA! 600112 235.2315 ‘Westen Manakalaya £9, Bhind Maro! Telephone Exchange, Aces (as), 63292 95 ‘MUMBAI 400099 Branch Ottces: Pushpa Numan Smoky Mrs 5901948 Pea naustalAes 8 Stage, Bf 839.4055 ANGALORE S008 Gangs Compe, Sh Fao has ssanas Pot Ne 6268, Unt, Gaga Ng 103627 aka Bigs, 670 Anas 210141 Pot No 43, Secor 168 Matra Road : 298801 Save Compl, 116 GT Road, GHAZIABAD 201507 8711996 55 Ward No 29. .G. Goran Roa, Sh By ne, GUWAHATI 781005, sens? 55.56, LN. Gupta Marg, Nampaly Stan Road, HYDERABAD s00001..- 201089 52, Ovarian Mag, C-Scbeme, JAIPUR 302001 ar 2928 1171478 8, Sarvodya Nagar, KANPUR 206005. 216076 ‘em Bhawan, 2c Flo, Bahind Lela nem Naval Kishore Roe, 30023 LUCKNOW 220008 NIT Bulcng, Second Floor, Gobet Markt. NAGPUR 440010 25175 Papua ids Est, PATNA 800013 26 2905 Inston of Engners ni) Bing 1352 Sap Nagar, PUNE 411008 92.4895 TTC. No, 141423, Universty PO. Paya, THIRUVANANTHAPURAM 62503¢ 6 217 "Ses Ofc i at § Chowiaghae Arpreach, PO. Prnep Steet arro8s ‘CALCUTTA 700072 + 8esOfco is at Novy Cambor, Grart Road, MUMBA 400007 300 5 26 + Sales Ofie i a F Block, Unty Bung, Narashimargja Square, 220871 ‘BANGALORE s0002 Poy I Indian Standard CLASSIFICATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF SOILS FOR GENERAL ENGINEERING PURPOSES ( First Revision ) 1S : 1498 - 1970 (Reattiemes 1997) (Eighth Reprint JUNE 2000 ) UDC 62413172 © Copyright 1972 we Nn INRA ATABRAEDS ee oe Sune 1972AMENDMENT NO. i AUGUST 1982 To IS: 1498-1970 CLASSIFICATION AND. IDENTIFICATION OF SOILS FOR GENERAL ENGINEERING PURPOSES ( First Revision ) Addenda ( Page 13, daure 3:8.) — Add the following new clause after 3.8 9 Degree of Expension— Fine grained soils depending upon the sence of clay mineral exhibit low to very high degree of expansion wed upon Aterberg’s limits and free swell of the soils the degree of expansion and degree of severity for soils is shown in Table 8. olPage Het 5 epint StNo, (i)] — Add the following new mater “Coarse: 75 :ieron to 7°5 micron Fine: (Page note # ricron'to 2 micron’ , Table §, Note 4) —Add the following new note after ‘Nor 5—In_mowt of the expansive sot; the CER. valuc alter soaking ate often found’ to be te than 2. "The ‘thickness of the Javenents fr auch fall valu turn oat fo extremely” high and impracticable, "A mimi COR ‘alae of? i cecommended Yor ee detige: purponr in such soil” (Page 23, Table 7) — Add the following new table after Table 7: "TABLE @ SHOWING TI ‘DEGREE OF EXPANSION OF FINE IRADED SOILS. (Glaus 39) Swummaon Fare Swnut Drones or psosex OF Ions (Is) ‘(Paxeut) Exrunsion me 2035 <1 <0 Low Nowcriteat 35:50 1530 50-100 Medium = Marginal 50.70 soso 100200 High Criseal 7000 >o > 200 Very High Severe (aoe)15, 1498-1970 Indian Standard CLASSIFICATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF SOILS FOR GENERAL ENGINEERING PURPOSES ( First Revision ) Soil Engineering Sectional Committee, EDC 23 Chairman Pror 8. R. Manes Manak, Nebru Road, Ranithet, Ular Pradsh Repraeing aot of Jared ind Reclamation, Tgaton & Power Reearch Teateate, Amine ‘Sune KN. Drown gpesoal pec ( 420, Ne Ali, C83) Seat A: G. Daroan Gerentaion Eo Lid Boa SunrJ. Dare Sensei Atectaton offi Bombay “Shar EM. Manon (Aline) Seat RL Dewan Bina Inwiate of Hytalic and Ali Rech, Cental Balding Research Iatrate (CSIR ), Rootkee "Suns D.'Re Nawsnan ( Alama } Dusscron, Crttat Som Mache Central Water & Power Conumision, New Delhi Weg Rewer Sa geron {Daw 1) (Altmate) Por RN Doone Indian tonttute of Tecnolery, New Deh Star BN. Gurre Irrigation Research tetas Raorer Dejacoan ara Uniteny of Rents, Roosten FeigeBintron Rosorcn (FC), Relay Beard {nary fay) ‘Devery Darcron, Reseanet sungd pa RESO (fate an, nis, Sou {Engncern-Chie's Branch, Army Headquarter au 8) Waaoanaga (Alea poe swat: Koxcxsocso ‘Rodi Foundation Engineeag Lid; and Hasarat & Corkenitay” Sine Pop Deve Bonar Swat A. H. Devas (Alara) sunt 0. Pe Manors ‘Seat ©. B. Pree Stax Raves Lat Naot! Buildings Orpaniston, New De H Batewanoans (Allon allie Works Deparment, Goremment of (Contnaed on page 2) BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG New DELHI 1100021: 98-1970 Comin fom age 1) Mensers Reprsting [AU India toatuments Manafcturen & Dealers ane Aveetation, Bory aretsorrari: Indian’ ‘National Serty of Soil Mechanica & "Foundation Bopinecring, New Dell sransenrarven ‘ube Works (Special Rants) Decorate, Governe ‘ment of Wen Bengal smeancn Ormeen ‘Weta Department, Goverment of Punjab Eoginecrng Research Laboratori, Hyder (Cola Boded of Isigation and Power New Delhi oar Sema Reads Wing ( Minott of Tranport & Shipping} "Sat 8 Bron (Alurmcte} onsimitione Ew Sen ten Coneete and Sot Research Laboratory, Public Works ‘Bosom © Desow Cineex) Department, Goverment of Tami Nadu Exanomve Enapree (S01 Twecmantcs te Ketan Divston) {Altra say ©. Swasinatna THLi Urrae sameanca Orrce Tastiaton of Engineers (Tala), Caleata eee Rect Rec fa? (GSI, New Dat ‘arli-G. Verun Pik Works Department, Goverment of Ute ee io Sa. . Cuarunvent (Alena) va Be a ne coe Genel BS (Eee Member) ‘Direcoe (Cv Ent) Deputy Director (ie Eo ). BIS Panel for Classification and Identification of Seils for General Engineering Purposes, BDC 23 : P2 oo 1 1.C, Dor M. Pas Cossou Mentos Daaxcron (Das 11) ( Alana 12 ‘Bei G.\Dor Pais Codon) Ata Snoa Usiversity of Jadhour Jodpur fon Doce onan Sona Bling ReseniehIatate (CSIR ), Roorhee ‘Central Water & Power Common, New Deh ‘micron Teeston Reece Rooice Resuanen Orncex (Aira) ans Sfount Engincr.o Chie’ Branch, Arm Headavaie, See deem CoRUT Road Ieceatch enate | CSI}, New Delhi 15; 1498-1970 Indian Standard CLASSIFICATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF SOILS FOR GENERAL ENGINEERING PURPOSES ( First Revision ) 0. FOREWORD O41 This Tndian Standard (Fist Revision ) was adopted by the Indian Standards Institution on 19 December 1970, after the draft finalized by the Soil Engineering Sectional Committee had been approved by the Civil Engineering Division Council 2 Soil survey and soil clasifcation are at present being done by severat ‘organizations. in this country for different purposes. ‘The engineering departments and research laboratories have done a great deal of work in regard to soil exploration and clasifcatior in fields relating to irrigation buildings, roads, ete. The investigations relating to the field of irrigation have two objectives namely, the suitability of soil for the construction of dams and other kinds of hydraulic structurss and the effect on the fertility of soil when it is irrigated, With regard ‘0 roads and highways, investi. ‘ations have been undertaken to classify them from the point of view of their suitability for construction of embankments, sub-grades, and wearing. surfaces. In the field of buildings, sol izvestigation and clasification # done to evaluate the soil as regards its bearing power to a certain extent Soil survey and soil clasification are also done by agriculture departments fom the point of view of the suitability of tie soil for crops and its fertility, Each of these agencies was adopting differeat systems for soil elasication ‘The adoption of diferent methods by various agencies led to difficulties in interpreting the results of soils investigated by one agency by the other and. quite often results were found to be ot exily comparable. Ths Indian Standard was, therefore, published in 1959 "0 provide a common basi for soi elasification, £43 Sot seldom xt in nature separately a sand, gravel or any other Single component but are usually found. as mixture with varying propor. tions of particles af diferent sats Thisrevion is eweataly bed on the United Soil Classifeation System with the modification thatthe ine: frained sols have been subdivided into three subdivions of low, median find high compresibilty instead of two subivsions ofthe original United Soil Clasifcation Systems, "The system ie based om thon chatacterisce of 38: 1498-1970 ot ates to il hare aa contrcion materia, tem ino miedo «particular use or grographial tration ie Se St confit with ter syemoy in es ee et do extural of local terms is encouraged as’ a supplemnent to at eat se brute for, the definitions, term and phrase established by is systean aid which are easy to associate with actual sole. | Tn the formulation of this rtandard due weightage has been given to ternational co-ordination among the standards and. practices preva f diffrent countries in addition to relating it to the practices in this 1 this country. 1S For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this Linda's cmp wi the ital val otaceed opened ey he result of atest or analysis, shall be rounded if im aceordonee on $:2.1960%. "The number of significant places rained ia the reuned A value should be the same as that ofthe speeified value fe the steadoa = SCOPE A, This standard covers a system for classification and indentifcation of oils for general enginering. purposes, ‘The information given in tha landard should be considered as for guidance only for treating the sll Re gineering purposes. - TERMINOLOGY 0 For the purpose of this standard, the definitions given in IS ; 2609-1972 rd the following shall apply. poure-seee o ” ox ws 8 ouet - Bev! Stuo LU UN : BURT TABLE 2 SOM. CLASSIFICATION (INCLUDING FIELD IDENTIFICATION AND DEAGRIFTION ) {laa 3.3, 33.3 ond 34) 7 aS ores | Marre | Inaonuanon Rent owes soprano [SER | raceme | Meteme oe sm oar 2 3 6 a 7 : . ] a caw |, ae, ne || | ow Wal gre gi paciand | Miesanciogrin sean ake | tid ote 1 | inetd ‘ede [aoe | § 4 = sie or cue Sprott ie renee ue gla ees eee 4 ig | ee ooo. a i ig se | Newpaeforo foc, with tw | arf the ote & 3h on Silty proves, poory graded gravel- | NSCS fcgufeation proce: | sinh tcat ot gen fl eed eee ato | pes ae $2 |G as CAP ermation; ‘and. sym: sid] 22) cass art ge 3] gE) a ayy eet pt Pac Sn (orientation pr. | me of 2| 3 é oc Sinity Ral | bite Se ee ett sity nd, reel 2 = ahout 20 percent hard, SB 2 z _ | | ie ‘eee paris, 23 : | wie se | Sar ne ade ai ow Walenta vey ans | Wine amen gn tarece | A and a g3 8 243 | le sizes fines with lows dey 22 4) 2 4 com sae serge gl iy ¢ | Cts i: __) Se aes, gE] ae) Se | Sasa i i! | ee i ina ° Pty nde mos or wey | Melony ne ane g obi 2 lied = -|——}- oe Cad ‘Nan-patie fnes or fee with low Gl oe [ [TTT] | ve | Stare enmrene | mie foes tenth B27 | sun nu eee a eerie a ‘fines i toa ; —| : ca | 5 | senor | Cupergnpstydet ned: | mas San (te Hemienin pe i |= |Z) aie rea res i I | L at |Dey | | SBD | Diltancy | Tooshnes For undiurbed sais il So : a ttn ot ML ee Ecndsercayey sus wadsoneso | “ow °° | vee | None | uracme, sir, \ | Seepitety ‘eles oe . pommel Se oe | sic and cage wit tom come | Inorganic gay, gravely cae, | | ree | eee J | seamen | os ene am gray ere | astm | NOt, | mest | cae pial name : [erthan 33 | ‘Gg of ow plasticity indicate degree" and 3 3 ee Sct ta | ae || | Serra Sita’ ag Ss 2 Organic sits and. organic silty | Low s ov | Won: odour, iS any, be Sepotion pastel : | ee | cal ie ence a4 | | \ ee oes acacia Be = se ae ‘Blormaton and tye cas oon sp sity eye ie Er paces hid ow | Muameeisencas Satie | uw | oie | wane | 28g piney | exon: fa gia a ~ fags at en: se Gy ae Ea oe ites and clays with mediu.n Inorganic clays, gravelly clays rere ae BES | MGeerentliy mead | fo ety Sayan ess | Median. | sone | ateciam | Hpi tuners, an age oe hy Sore 27 Bi} i 2 3 Omani spdopaniesty cars | Law, to a temen | pematta nd ‘Sritim | sow | Low g § 2 — |__| 7 Tngrpani s of high compris 2 | mee | Mappa teow | ete | seme | Low 0 | fetindycraiysotscasicata | med | “none” | calum Sty and_dlays with igh ‘compresitty ana igus It grote an 90 cuca Inge la of ah pa None | igh Onpic cave otmediom oie | afetam | Xeno te | tow 6 iacty vohigh | Nery tow | team i stander may egancssi | Raby ene by car, ne | Tauartsrsieiggmnacg | poen’ Metin eae Nove — Bowden cleiuatin: Sol pomening chaacternica of two groupe ae deinated by combinations of group symbol, fr example, GW-GC, Wellerided, orsvleand metre with hay binder1: 1498-1970 ‘apm kone = «7 og ep 70260 Sut : ire ERS eet ey | YY HIN oeHY saome onan Asay | os payee ey me ol suis Br otcge Bund newt serwettrnne.y mmianmtinoy | ne tata o fe scare meee | Mees weg)” a eaves : va <5 a or _ SRA? ue. ‘Be suiting Sect ot 98 “aes ‘09 WD Mz] UH aH aS MS UD MS “es Om ST See ourtaapuog 3 ¢ poe pwning 47 Se | oe sor 41 9 aan. mop orem BRN | WD sony v9 yee rpesaaunbetwopepes Bese 22N (ie "gr uae "ve ad D x} ao Sates ae eh = creo pee pot put wang 29 Te jo elloded Sonata remus | Mo owas enue xouvoumg saoevoe] ms (sem) (yneainp NovaLnssy > AMOLYHORY1) $1105 GANIVO"ESUVOO 40 NOLLYOLISSVID € TTEVEyeaa moses 2 Pt Rae oo scons ston me PER teeSEPS Mg ene ts eos ommmronsommmoF a ee a) cova roms MADE SE Ey mem pian an te erate rate use at siamo me Eo, i a) tame uvees orm onct meee smee Hersey te Mme tm ma ones wee memes stew ore EER sere ene Emme cases cet istes sew ee Seg eye ee EE | eves ono cree METRE TEL tn tk eee nts teeny re men fens sere Mae, tape ceney te Ey tey eo ee ute oro aes EET pe mey ow 8 ° o ® ° een © xs = “cee aes ta SES SS i ie i (emo! wares728 ARLE © CunacTAMTIG PERTSGNT TO AOUREDNTS AND FOUDATIONS| ® py ts ine a ‘Eigbtoee ern reine Se dail Se Benes Si gee een st nthe an ts me phe nt emt Se as ke perth so so Pa et He Pate an Ae te ey rt lr hr pe gt ee wry pr et myc at pc enna tent pny, Dail be a Nort The pet ie Cy pds dea is mr fp wen mn nil hc 8 ena Norn yt i nn apa pans te Ine Sd i pc at ete et Pe VE De oma ey ey in nh om o nt tage Cafe “aoa Coto Pinger te, 655 ete Pep tng vey pa tg tee 2 (Pat V9 o061 WISKALEES 7 “ON LNONTAYee6t Ame E161 MPtuldeg @ e*tey'tet“oz9 oan 661 AUVAMEHA MEY TUT (uojsaay puovag ) Aninos wiv 40 NouYNIEIEG HaHa STIOS YOA LSAL AO SGOHLAW propunig uoipuy ( 2961 peunyyeeu ) ‘scot ~ (1g 32¥4) OLE 1ST $2RY pies om span wRtioo 30 1 og 08 pomop 09 me mad Satpe orented oan wap ost ron Kg bd wy so eRe topo BEN USST 10 ADO Dy miedang spe] em) Spend CONS SL, 0 SCMVANVIS NVIGNI JO NVA (uorsjaay puooag ) ANGINOD WaLVM 4O NOWLWNINNaLzG It Luv STIOS AOA LSHL JO SGOHLAN péopunig uoipuy seet~ (rr 9784) ctx 81 .re a9) Irae? 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Tea oes SE ane roe vm NaWInaas TICS walaw dUNISIOW JONVIVE NOISUOR ANW) GAW-VUANE HLUA SNEEOD, wliQin'So NOWWNINWaLZa aleve ¥ ‘NOWLS3S: suet (1 70a) OLE #8{(exnomry 1000) Bred —(anapery 001-0) aIay TANITOWY ZNVIVE MOMMOL | OL* Maa, LOR — (uammerg 01-0) muayy minLAOYY woNVIVG MOMEOL, ZOna 23.2 Set the 100 percent scale division of the calibrated drum to align ‘Tih thc ides teal with the help of Grum drive Enob. y int ‘the i ain 23S Rai the lamp housing and carcflly distribute the 1512720 (Part 11) - 1973. wall et a il iH 2] nay ter" returne to the ‘be {appodinainy 25 fof the material wil be needed la one Sao ‘evenly on. the samplesr om proms con sequen, og sectap spot sage sure poe ot Seo podap Spee pee footiog Apt ay POH OE -qanaq « Bog x weap onsen fp ore Apoq pow dno yep yoaqD “dno ap yo yry “dno ap go duwp-y op Shou of Apuopagne tusumaneay ap jo mace badarep oxp COE ON TAB “yma op om do soueTeg omy Wo Jew ain [TP wed ur ofdures soRyg “sOUNTEG amp da 3g TE munqwowa isi “iz op 9 poo SPE ea © [wae 08 9 241 a ‘pu punod EPR peed tase Eiptind eee OS taps pony rag NayUDaas "108 * -soqourep ur $230 104 vo ple SOUP OME ¢-Z1 mnOqe Jo ATeg [OM SONY — OTE BO easy Peper 880 (p29 amppep ) meqsosqy erp 70 oTHOg omD “{ peqae umgipeo ) yeoquonqe Sumneeur 303 — dowog “Sag vy wmowp 9 dee yPon 205 — eomeyog ponpedaeounen “(Bug me) sen soem aBoasorod my povesges 1 pue ‘dno Sues 205 dzep HK — yoRwa, ommeserz OFTHE Ssaivavady <0 o am Lup vo suzjuco s270 oy porns of sume amp pee sq poe met (Tam) fev 00 sem Jo oBeyusaed oy oBhed Sago. oper pormagy oxy thong jo amp J0 sore 20g om TH SBolenpheo y mopetat amp, ke PodDaop Sheet eel op ON Sowa jp woeunep pide 405 poriom © equip WoRoon aL, ‘Gd008 HOS M4 JO WRLYM Bag 3HL HUM adiauva Wnlotv> 10 NOWOVaM SHI aazo1sAso gunssiva Sv aH WOMd LNALNOD WAiVM 40 NOLWNIWWELSG diavu. 5 NOLLDIS suet Gar sea) oct 8 :1512720 (Pare 11-18732. aya a ue eid i a Lhe as og aide 8, dal aol qEN# far wi nm tal 23300 fla iio e001 x =H mays eh 8 or (44 — "44 ) srmstonr Jo may Bora — Mt) wos p30 mayy srogoory ape pang * :tuydsp wang + pandope 2 Jo porpayy 24a pave, :oydooe pos jo memo ‘NOS 40 INZINOO WALVM 40 NOLLYNOWSSLIG FHL WOR ASGL AO SLINSIN 40 TUOOTA Od VANCE ONE (cL ammoja) Vv XIGNadav s16r~ (1 o6a) once 88[BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS peadguerere Manat Sharan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, NEW OELM 110002 Yetoprones. 923 015-329 3375, 3839608 "Fax « 97 OF" 3294062, 3298909, 5239562 Ecimall sagvacicom. Intemet Mp iwnedel von netinis 9 Contra Laboratory Telephone Pct No, 208, Ste V, Sahbabad Indust Area, Sababad 201010 row Regional rtces: (Conta: Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, NEW DELM' 110002 3237617 Castor: 14 CIT Scheme Vi V.LP. Road, Karkurgacs, CALCUTTA 700054 337 8662 Norther : $00 335.336, Seter 34-4, CHANDIGARH 160022 coe Southern CT. Campus, IV ross Read, CHENNAI 600113 2352015 ‘Westom : Manakalaya, 9, IDC, Babind Mao Telephone Exchange, e222205 "andre (Exe), MOMA! 400083 Branch Otices: Pushpak’, Nurmchamed Shakh Marg, Khanpur, AHMEDABAD 3800015501348, sPeenya industial Area. 1st Stage, Bangalore Tumkur Road, 22949 55 ‘BANGALORE Se005e ‘Commecial-cu-Offcg Complex, Opp. Dushera Maidan, E-5 vera Colony, 72.3452 ‘tan Market BHOPAL 462016 62183, Ganga Nagar, Unit VI, BHUBANESWAR 751001 403627 Kala Kath Biking, 670 Avnashi Road, COMBATORE 641018, arorat Plot No.4, Sector 16 A. Mathura Road, FARIOABAD 121001 2aea0. ‘Saute Complex, 116 GT. Road, GHAZIABAD 201001 711998 59/5 Ward No.23, R.G. Barua Road, Sth Byane, GUWAHATI 781003. $411.37, 5.956C, LN, Gupta Marg, Nampally Staton Road, HYDERABAD 500001 32010 84 £-52, Chranjan Marg, C: Scheme, JAIPUR 302001 373876 1171418, Sarvedaya Nagar, KANPUR 208005, 216876 ‘Seth Bhawan, 2nd Flot, Behind Leela Cihema, Naval Kishore Road, 21.8923 TucKNoW 22600" [NIT Building, Second Foot, Gokulpat Marat, NAGPUR 440010 s25171 Petipa ndusbial Estat, PATNA 800013. 252008 Insttuon of Engineers (a) Building, 1382 Shh Nagar, PUNE 411005 5238.35. ‘Sahajanare Hows Foc, Bhakinage Cl, 80 Feet od, 358586 RAUKOT Se0002 “TC. Na. 147421, Unversty P.O. Paleyar, THRUVANANTHAPURAM 6080343221 04 "Sales Ofice sa 5 Chowinghee Approach, P.O. Princep Stet, 271088 ‘CALCUTTA 7o007e ‘Sales Ofcei t Novy Chambers, Grant Road, MUMBAI 400007 309 6528, *Sles Ono Flo, ty ing, Neeser Sau, mason ‘Raproaiaphy Ont BS, New Dang 1S :2720 ( Part tlSec 1) - 1980 (Reafiemed 1987) Indian Standard METHODS OF TEST FOR SOILS PART Ill DETERMINATION OF SPECIFIC GRAVITY Section 1 Fine Grained Solls , ( First Revision ) ‘Second Reprint JULY 2001 . UDC 624.131.431.1 © Copyright 1980 BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS MANAE BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAM ZAPAR MARG NeW DELAY 110002 Gre December 19801812720 ( Pare HISec 1 )- 1980 Indian Standard METHODS OF TEST FOR SOIL: PART Ill DETERMINATION OF SPECIFIC Gi Section 1 Fine Grained Soils ( First Revision ) Soil Engincering and Rock Mechanics Sectional Committee, BDC 23 Cairn Reps Da Jaopian Nanas University of Roorkee, Roorkee Montes ‘Avpreionas Dranoron, IRI___rrigaion Department, Government of Bikar Avorvionan Draxcros Reszancm Ministry of Railways (CEE), RDS Dergty Dutscros Ruszancst (Sore Mom }, RDSO ( Altenas) Paoy Auaw Sion Tniwersity of Jodgpar, Jodhpur Cov Avzun Sion Engiaeer in-Chies Branch, Army Headquarters ipo VK Kawsean ( Alma) Dn Ar Bawename “Gemsindia Co Ltd, Bombay Sans's, Gores (Alienate) BER Ree {tat Buncig Reach Iie Reorke Grins Bxoreees frigation Department, Government of Punj Ghiadigu we Da G, 8, Dhillon ( lente) Sant biG, Darpavars ‘The Conerete Auoiation of India, Bombay ‘SmEINC. Dooovt ( Allmate) ‘Saat A.C. Dasvioas a personal capacie | (5 Hpafd Cary 12 ord Strat, Caleta 700819). Duruzox odian Seotechatesi Society, New Deli Irigation Department, Coverament of Uttar Trades, Roorkee (Continued om pags 2) © Copyright 1960 BUREAU OF INDIAN. STANDARDS ‘Tole publication is protected under the ndion Copright Act (XIV of 1957 ) and ‘whole or ia part by any means except with wtten perminion of the be deemed to be an infringement of copyright under the aid. Act1812720 ( Part I/See 1) = 1980 (Cota fam page) Mente Rpesmtng Suu AH Divanat Aa Foundations & Comtracin (P) Li Sune AN, Jawouse (Alnate) NY aoe Sits Rade Univer of Rooter, Raker Paor Gara Ransaw Institution of Engineers ( India ). Calcate Basen Seta nS eek ty, Re at Dr G, B, Rao ( Alternate) one sant 0. tora Poli Works Depatnens, Chanda Amini Cental Rosa Rereateh it"india Insreent Manctactonsy ‘Anociation, Bombay Derory Sronnrany ( AIIMDA } (lira) Sunt RV. Ravraionat ‘Central Water Commision, New Delhi Deroy Dinperon ( CSMRS ) ( Almas) Restancu Orrica (BERL) Puble Works Department, Goverament of Pusja, ‘Chandigath a Public Works Department, Goverament of Andhra a Suns T. K, Narmasan Paeswbens (MDA) Sunt K. R, Saxena Seonerany "Sanat Sooanrane (Alia ‘SunrN. Srvaovae : : aa Sows Bam ( Aten) cpgemrone Eweinten Pable Yorks Deparment, Govern’ of Tent Execosive Exotwnzn (SMRD ) ( Alama) Sunt Hi © Views Ail toda Seat HK. Gone (Alia sua stb verasne ume) Public Works Department, Goverament of Uitar Da BL. Dawn (dena) eet ne SuarG. Rasa Director General, 181 (Bee Man) (GN Bose) Sera Sani K. M, Maznon, Deputy Dicecir ( Gv Engg ), 1ST ( Ctiand 0 pgs) 1812720 ( Pare I/See 1) +1980 Indian Standard METHODS OF TEST FOR SOILS Section 1 Fine Grained Soils ( First Revision ) 0. FOREWORD O41 This Indian Standard ( Part I1T/Sec 1) ( First Revision ) was adopted by the Indian Standards Institution on 3 October 1980, after the draft Bualised by the Soil and Rock Mechanics Sectional Committee had been approved by the Civil Engineering Division Council, 0.2 With a view to establishing uniform procedures for the determination 02 siforent characteristics of soils and also for facilitating a comparative Study of the results, the Tndian Standards Institution is bringing out a wey Ststandards on methods of tes for soils (IS 2720). ‘This standard (Pan TIT) deals with the method of tet for determination of specific (aay. of soils which finds application in finding out the degree, of eravitiion and unit weight of moist soils, The unit weights are needed. Ritpresture, settlement and stability problems in soil engineering. This in Prtsey was published in the year 1964. In view of the further work done Fanaa eld inthis, as well asin other countries, the revision has been pre~ jared so as fo give the latest method of test which has separate provision Prine grained and coarse soils. The revision is being pr in two tor pi, S Section 1, dealing with the method for fine grained soil which is segtaiy laboratory method and Section 2 for fine, medium and coarse grained soils which is field method, 103 In reporting the result of a test or analysis made in accordance with te Mandards ifthe final value, observed or calculated, is to be rounded Off it shall be done in accordance with IS : 2-1960, ial values (red). Rales for rounding off mum 315 +2720 ( Pact II1/See 1) = 1980 1. SCOPE, LI This standard ( Part I1T/See 1 ) lays do determination of the specific gravity of soit (see Note). ‘Note —The method may also be wed for mediam and coar the coarte particles are grained to pass 475m Io sieve before 2. TERMINOLOGY 21 For the purpose of this standard, the definition of terms given nS 2000-1992 thal apply 3. APPARATUS ALA The following apparats i required: 2) Two density botes (pyknometers) of approximately 80 ml apse with stoppers by Awater bath maintained at 4 contant temperature to within LOE. {ltsandard density bouleare wed ths constant em peratureisarc,) «) A vacuum desiccator (a convenient size is one about 200 mm to 250 mm in diameter ), 4) A desiceatr (a convenient sc is one about 200 mi to 250 mm ih diameter containing anhydrous alia gel. ) A thermostatically controlled drying oven, capable of malntane ing’ temperature of 105 to LIC. £) A balance readable and accurate t 0001 g. @) A tource of vacuum, auch as 8 good fier pump or a vacuum ie la h blade 150 : k 1 spatula (a convenient ie is one having a blade 180 mm lon ) tad'3 mm wide, the blade has 0 be smal enough 0 go chrouga the neck of the densty bow}, or piece of gant rod about 180 mm ong and § mim dames 5) Awash bottle, preferably made of platica, containing sitee diated water (ee Note). 1) A sample divider of the maliple slot type ( width Bt opening. mm) A length of rubber tubing to ft the vacuum pump and the desis. Nows — Obtain the ainfve dail water for at Lea 80 ine a container that ean be waled from the atmoyphere during cooling. Take care to ste that te healer srg enough fo reat tbe reduction in premie nie i derng cooling fE grained soils rained soils iF je box) with 7 mm *Glomary of term 0 symbols relating to sll engineering (et eon). 4 1812720 ( Part II/See 1 )-1980 4, PROCEDURE 4.1 The complete density bottle with stopper, shall be dried at 105 to HOG cole in the desicator and weighed the nearest 001g (m ae Note 1). 42 The 50 g sample obtained as described in the procedure for the pre- aration of disturbed samples for testing (see 1.5} shall if necessary be ground to pass a 2-mm IS test sieve. A 5 to 10 g subsample shall be obtained by rifling, and oven dried at 105 to 110°C. (see Note 2). This, sample shall be transferred to the density bottle direct from the desiccator in which it has been cooled. ‘The bottle and contents together with the stopper shall be weighed to the nearest 0-001 g (m) 4.3 Sulficient air-free distilled water ( se¢ Note 3 } shall be added so that the soil in the bottle is just covered. ‘The bottle containing the soil and liquid, bat without the stopper, shail be placed in the vacuum desiccator, which’ shall then be evacuated gradually. The pressure shall be reduced to about 20 mmHg. When using a water pump, beoiige pfswariation in ‘mains pressure, care shall be taken to ensure thay $4 Nacuum is maintained. Gare shall be taken duting trapped in the soil does not bubble too violent drops of the suspension being lost through the i The bottle shal be alowed to remain inthe desceal unt no farther lus of air is spparent. x 4.4 The vacuum shall be released and the lid of removed, The soil in the bottle shall be stirred carefully Withhe spatula, or the bottle vibrated. Before removing the spatula from the bottle the particles of soil adhering to the blade shall be washed off with a few drops of air-free liquid. The lid of the desiccator shall then be replaced and 1 desiccator evacuated again, 4.5 The procedure outlined in 4.3 and 4.4 shall be repeated until no more air is evolved from the soil (see Note 4). 4.5.1 Alternately, the entrapped air can be removed by getting heat ing the pyknometer placed on a water-bath or tandcbath, 4.6 The bottle and contents shall then be removed from the desiccator and further air-free liquid added until the botde is full. The stopper shal then be inserted. The stoppered bottle shall be immersed up to the neck in the constant-emperature bath for approximately I hour ot until it has attained the constant temperature of the bath (see Note 5 ). If there is an apparent decrease in volume of the liquid the stopper shall be removed and further liquid added to fill the bottle and the stopper replaced. The bottle shall then be returned to the bath and sufl= cient time shall be allowed to elapse after this operation to ensure that the 551.2720 ( Part IIl/See 1) 1980 ote and its contents again attain the constant temperature of the bath, f'the bottle i all noc completely ful this process shal be repeated. <7. ‘The stoppered bottle shall then be taken out of the bath, wiped dry ind the whole weighed to the nearest 0001 g (ms). ‘The botle shall then be cleaned out and filled completely with ai ee liquid, the stopper inserted and then the whole immersed in the ‘stant temperature Bath for 1 ho or unl hay attained the constant temperature ofthe bath. If there isan apparent decrease inthe volume ‘Tuk liquid, the stopper shall be removed aad further liquid added to il'the boule and the stopper replaced. ‘The stoppered botle shall then ve returned to the batch and suffcent time shall be allowed to elapse ‘fer this operation to ensure that the bottle and its contents again attain hhe constant temperature. If the bottle is still not completely full this >rocess shall be repeated.” The bottle shall then be taken out ofthe bath, iped dry and the whole weighed to the nearest 0-001 g (m4) [ate Note 6 )- 1.9 Two determinations of the specific gravity of the same soils sample fhall be made (see Notes 7 and 8). ‘Nore | — Sanerd Deity ater — If a density bo “Torin Ws ot bedred by placing i nam oven. Tt ining wth acetone or aa aicobo-ethee ‘heb ‘heart ‘Nove 2— Oven dyiag ofthe si hs buen specified for convenience. If here onto believe that this wil change the specific grayity dh ia the si St more thas 89°C, "The fact should be ould be dried at Bot for example those containing tluble sats, Kevvene ( parain oil) or white, troy be prefered one af ene and: erode fac an carey bt tp ‘Sipe tg determine the speide graviey ofthe liquid atthe room tempera CFRee ae “The equation for toe spec gravity of the sol particles, ©, give (a8 then becomes amy = mas of density bite ia my = sas of bottle sol an ime = mas of botle when full of Nowe t= Experience bas shown hat the larget sure of era i the tet due ote dial n sourig the complete removal of air from the sample. ‘To Setule flibie rong the wil should be Tet ‘under vacuum for several boury pre- fertiyoveraigst Shang the bole in Sad once or Sie Ivey the ‘acu Gives quicker raul iqid 18 + 2720 ( Pare 11t/Sec 1 )- 1980 ena OTES TEE oman semper oom or eabinet is waiabe then this pro Nore 6— if method given in 48 is wed to find boule then she txt may bee hrolighout the test a we, ola of she deny ‘Nere 7 — Many sis have a2 cles, Such 301 rats Fret care Tnuaber of repented Siadanre Nore 8 — Clean quarts and fiat 265; ow val 2 ide generally have ‘would suggest the presence Of organic matt 5. CALCULATION specie gravity clove to 5.1 The specific gravity of the soil particles G shall be measured at room temperature If water has been used as the air-free liquid, then the following equation shall be used: e where Umm) = (Con my my = mass of density bottle in g; 1m = mass of bottle and dry soil in g; my = mass of bottle, oil and water in g;and mm, = mass of bottle when full of water only in g. If some other air-feee liquid has been used reference should be made to Note 3. 5.2 The specific gravity shall be calculated at 27°C. If the room tempe- ature is different than 27°C, the following correction shall be done: @aKG where G' = Corrected specific gravity at 27°C, and nia Relative density of water at room temy ‘Relate dansy ot water at 6. REPORTING OF RESULTS 6.1 The average of the values obtained shall be taken as the spe ‘gravity of the soil particles and shall be reported to the nearest 0-01. If the two results differ by more than 0°03 the tests shall be repeated.1822720 ( Part Il/See 1) - 1980 | Contin fom pgs 2) Soil Testing Procedures and Equipment Subcommittee, BDC 23:3 a Raprseting Prov Atan Siva University of Jodkpur, Jodhpue Members ‘Sua Aman Sion Gentral Building Research Inetitute, Roorkee tr 'Dmacton Ressance Ministry of Ralwaye FEIT), RDSO. Durey binncron Raseanen (SMI), RDSO { lemate) Donncron (COMBS } Central Water Commision, New Delhi ‘Desvry Dinecron ( GSMRS ) (alirat) Puor Gorst Rava University of Roorkee, Roorkee De. 6, Hawn (Alrate) Da Susan) K. CuLnast Sedan Institute of Technology, Ne Statik, Gone Geclogists Syndicate Pett ‘Shu iN, Buarsacmanata (Alienate) Sma O-P. Mavnores ‘Public Works Department, Chandigarh Adminis: Sunt M.D. Nain ‘Auoelated Insruments Manufacturers (1) Prt Tid, New Delht Paow T. §. Naoanas ( Alirate) WM. Pare elk College of Engineering, Delhi PeJacaeaita Rao Central Rea Resenreh Insitute, New Debi Gon Arita Siete Epgincerin-Chief's Branch, Army Headquarters peor. V" Ks Kawerean (Alurste) Saar 0, Viovanour Public Works Department, Government of Uttar rade, Lucknowpa a rnc or noun sratoanos Hendquertere : [Manat Sharan, 9 Sahadur Shah Zale Marg, NEW DELHI 110002 {elophonen 325 0131-523 3575, 209 a0 Fax 81 O17 3204062, 3239390, 3250382 Email" BaGven.com. Internet: hep Jovwncal an nein og Contra Laboratory Proto. 208, St, Sahibabad Indusval Ava, Sahibabad 201010 ‘Regional Onices: (Corral: Marak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Sha Zatr Marg, NEW DELHI 110002 East: 1/14 CT Sctme Vil, VAP, Road, Karkurgach, CALCUTTA 700056 Nortem CO 335-336, Sector 344, CHANDIGARH 160022 ‘Sourher :€.T. Campus, 1V Cross Rod, CHENNA 600113, ‘PWetem: Mansa, ES, MIOC, Behind Marl Telephone Exchange “Radhe (Est), MUMBA! 400093, ‘Branch oMices: ‘Pushes Nurmohamed Shak Marg, Kanpur, AHMEDABAD 380001 $Peanya lndustial Aro, 1st Stage, Bangalore Tumkur Road. ‘BANGALORE 560088 Commercial cum Offs Complex. Opp. Oushera Maidan, 5 Avera Colony, ‘Sitar Martel BHOPAL 462016 ‘62183, Ganga Nagar, Un I, BHUBANESWAR 751001 Kall Kat Bung, 670 Avinash Road, COMBATORE 641018 Pot No. 43, Sector 16 A, Mathura Road, FARIDABAD 121001, ‘Sever Complex, 116 GT. ead, GHAZIABAD 201001 ‘515 Ward No29, AG. Barua Road 5th By Lane, GUWAHATI 781003, 5.8550, LN. Gupta Mag, Nampa Staton Road, HYDERABAD 500001 52, Chivanjan Marg, C- Scheme, JAIPUR 302001 11714188, Sarvodaya Nagar, KANPUR 208005, ‘Seth Bhawan, 2nd Flot, Behind Leela Cinema, Naval Kishore oad, LucRNOW 226001 [NIT Buking, Second Flor, Gokulpt Maret, NAGPUR 440010 Patipuva louse Estat, PATNA 200013 \asttcion of Engineers (eda) Bulking, 1332 Shiva Nagar, PUNE 411005 ‘Setmjanand Hower Plot, Bhakragar Cree, £0 Feet Road, RANT e000 “TG. Ne, 141421, Urveraty P.O. Paar, THRUVANANTHAPURAM 695094 ‘Sales Ofcn & at § Chowringheo Aoproach, P.O. 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This operation ‘take 10 seconds to complete, g2a243 ay 3. aph iat | i eS a te shall be withdrawn from After each sampling operation the pi the stopenon, walag ‘opprorimately" {0 seconds to" complac the apt 1 aga ul 416: 2720 (Part 4) -1985 (oo Gn (revs mp) Coozey axnasry 10g 40 zatarw otatzusg suv z4y ) oF ae Lar oa £9 oie orl on Oe 10m i on Cie dee See ove It obe mos ome ie Se Gee Gee hee ml See bes Sew ie Cie ¥9¢ Ve Soe Ge ope oes er Oe See AE cee S26 ont Soe woe Seat ss 6 62 vig oy eos soi HZ Le OAT 5 oor SE Eee My op Se Ace Si3 Fost = a GH Eee C2 449 Oo HE Ono tose So She Ore Cop G9 Sat ter t69 GLa * The he TM S40 Bet ost Teo tose 2 2st s8 8 B59 LEI DE 99 LOT 8 Sot Soe Soy Sex Ser Be foe Bhar 2 Oa Ses ey Eop ool ee tee iow 2 Ta ve Gor Gor Sei we oeL Seat » Sa Vee Sor tee en es Use Of #21 08 9M OE 1.62 FOF Bis OH FEI GE WL OLE St Tel toe bot See Gee hip Zee 990 be1 fee foc eRe Hist bee Sot coe Loe Saye am for Hor gra cee See Be eke She Ste CH Uae Soe ote ee 8 wee GE Ot ole coe See ce Ge ous Hee STE HE COR FE oe TH SIG CZ THE Gh LOH ZOE Lon mez gee MUR ShSE Sh Sh fee Gle oe Lop cc 99 day gee for oe tem Sh ont 155 G22 Li Ise Cop sup O06 FEE Sy UG Uhue TOUR GE Tee She Toe Toe G49 928 Wee aes we SouE Ge Os Ge bee cee Tue SIG 190 TSG BhE OFF too yOGE cH he Gh GL foe Gee Toe a oss Oe Os See BEF Glor ODOF i) Yaaanad SnOMIvA BY SETOLUNVS 40 ONTLLLAS 40 SLY 1 wav ry * i i rm = at a = ea % a a u 19ayes dares yor 102 ‘93 Jo meq OM BO ParETMoTED 9q I[e yoionod e2eie panied ‘ep Jo Yor 20 wonepes pomquioy, ‘yuounvaneid 10 Je 182 005 mY sredrogdnonmexen, rennin wo3y aneureyp we song eojonsed jo (4) seen hq, sopsudies any ponedid opdares Jo [22 "4 (Jo par 44 ay areqdsoydeysarexeq ummpos m” foe iM oder speeis es of meso ee |Z | tut ‘sont 40 10 005 mY sregdioqdeiemexag uInIpor Jo eR = (% “sero sade on ag tre so meen 4 a Uw asoq 0s x £4. or Ww Bow ye Tea a load -rroaEs op WOH pores 9q TERE roads wee a9 fons yo tor 008 tT rm OG (1 wy auf Bonaneg (4 s96r-(¥ >7"a) OF * STgBiy wo gg pu seep wis 1 mnoge aed gm Ayseded [ut 999 1 Jo mi — np -ma/saukp ¢¢ 30. pimby © Jo seq oq) uo porenpeid! oq uaurosinbos Suynortoy om SanraTes pee ¢ “Big wy parent adds amp jo— samen FITS smowdiy VTS “anaig. 1 uororni-gy sowved juzoyet oq) Jo vaaazed of weqh evot 51 ‘oiquoydde ou st pomtour su OTS (pomeny Aemppeqns ) Pome seromospin TS sost (9 380g )ozez* ot1812720 (Pare 4) - 1985 210g smllicnetes All dimension ia Fo. 5 HyonowscanJ eetRuc i sated 9 mI OUTES odode TTR “aan pap Sqsrei02 — see YOM LETTS “kandi 1m 001 J0— apm Bauer BETTY “Pauny-oqs O48) Oy — OY so SUT TS -sepoaeyp mo of oq — pon yon EME PETS P= OT MPH aR He af aofecr ep J0 Soe on Berpuadteao ap awsoage Sa “wae pond ot gan eet pense jar om oto one papuoos pax pornerams reas qmg oq Jo erotog omy ov yonu su: moss (y) soutinp ot, (6 ae tap 30 cone og ty Spears epelctio yy moun oe, (P -popasoes pee pasnseonr og (teen sem ‘aopreaqateo searwom om on ging omp Jo Toot ayD wos} eomEIM OM (9 suet ~ (49284) OLE! ST“gs mpm 1 on) a 1 ae seroped on om. oot on area Baez) stent sary soja stem ee Teron cayenne mundo ee oma yarns posto Rig FES “smoenosphq wont? © soj aemimoo. e stem, “ED, ‘wonesioo momuvar omy fe pepsases oq eqs eBarpees oma eyy wsomIeg, sast~(¥ 98a) o2ez "91352720 (Part 4)-1988 don the 75-micron IS Sieve may be over-dried and analyted as specified in 4321 and therps of wend ees 2 romwreanlosd ufone of so mg fo -ammeedaaan 205 paras “eu Suppress Oh poses eee Sh Suoue_ por “ommsedion 4 Sohuodoad echer ogy Baererae> 000 din Super dg ap pourngoo suet (9 96a) OLE! BHpee teconaaas agp jo wis sadn ogi ve Senpeas sorowouphg = Sar ‘enone 205 peroatso> Fexpeos soyowouphy = Sy EC oo or (EeTs me) Wo? AEA, (30=9)005 A, a /V Pag 8 Na nT gy my perores oq neg ssm Soqdines da ood Foon ep so OS 3 — oN omer (8 senerenapes SSS prea TAT rt rewound ep ot Eu atom domes reais anyone aS a ee! seet-(¥ 20a) exce stHuy i PtH He ane suas : i ! ak b i 3 8 - a4 m ‘eapssed toro kses8 ogioads = 'g oy asym. (@- Wty) D001 ce suet (¥azea) oxi 811512720 (Pare 4)- 1985 Pues gs ii Sgrss Hi fg Ie td A ae ce Whe Het ae Ti aly ilhs level irs ~ "Two 1 000 mal capacity with ground "Vem diameter and 39 cm high masked at to coler the range up to SO°C accurate up 10 ‘at specified in 432. The of soil — The material retained on the 75 micron IS Siave is oven dried and enalysed S332 Presreaiment pretreatment ia done as per the procedure as in 5.24. of soil —The procedure is same as in 5242,ORV LaMNTg 40 FIVE 9 “ONE aeve- mars oiayaaay) sonar] ant, GON NOM 7 (oaavus a10aaN vie 2498 inanisneay tone a405 INSMISNTOW wae aves ‘seet- (920g) Ort! stof sil in, be lowered into the plummet fs brought to the A335 Dete—The plummet then thall ‘and hooked oa'to the balance. The anponsion 90 2720 ( Part 4) «1985, 4m time in minutes when pointer readings are taken. Time ‘that aquafe root of time can oor OOK OOOO ett Fro, 9 Cuanr rox Aw im Sotvitio Sroxss Equarion 34$6 mounerenng Tg IVD OMAXODTY HOE LHD OT OL “sensors oy om ert « ow t 00 ‘oe ans Ws as VD oP arr aags sees ‘SBABIS: QBVONVIS NYION suet -(¥ 26a) O2z' sT{ARIS 61 E514 NO GUNTVIIY NOLIOVUA dO SISATVRY HATE _ “ery 0g 40 ware vs soon SISKTVNY 3ZIS NIVED 40 SLINSEE 40 CHOOT HL Yos WOE (19 asm ) Vv XIQNAddv seer (90a) eneHE i! lin ‘FARIS 61 NOWOUNCS. ONIESVE ‘TIOS 40 SISATVRY suon (¥ 97mg )0ciz* oFnara song Pome evar w pre Ate e—evenbg erreqaneney “Ouung Ayn ane ona seezs weisz enaz voizol soezo zeze vi 9c 89 12, ze 86: wre ol enorer woes nu SImeT “CRIZR ON Old 0078 TvdoH L299 "OPN “LL ‘PeoU EprUapRUa ‘10014 Ng “xeIdWoD jHOBUED 6000 AvaWog sezezes —“(we3) uoypuy yo “OI 63 * 90004 sre or prog TA W 9 Eb Lee) $€ 10 466. “omy eZ yeus npeyeG sevoydayey ; (se04j0 18 04 uounwoa, eqroreyeue) Bere Sauvanvis NVIGNI 40 nvaune1S : 2720 ( Part) - 1985 Indian Standard METHOD OF TEST FOR SOILS. PARTS DETERMINATION OF LIQUID AND PLASTIC LIMIT (Second Revision ) First Repriot JULY 1991 UDC 624-131-5323 © Copyright 1985 BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG "NEW DELHI 110002 Gra August 198518 12720 ( Pards ) - 1985. Indian Standard METHOD OF TEST FOR SOILS PART 6 DETERMINATION OF LIQUIO AND PLASTIC LIMIT ( Second Revision ) Soil Engineering Sectional Committee, BDC 23 Charme Paprantig an SuacntaPeasann Contra) uldng” Rte Insite (OSIR), s in (om), Men Poor Aue Sore niet of Jp, fi SEraeanne Eigaseg Reset Abort, Goverment of ‘Omar Esoorem (TERI) Irigndon Departmen Covemment of Pah Cishignt Dapperon (Dos) (lent) sme ebue owe (India) Pvt, New Delhi smth Seam Me seem (5, Pawn Cont, 121 : "ie Sea) : Danzer (D & OFC) ratte Warp Beart, Goverment of hur Prades Lact Devers Dacron (B& SD) (Aton) Dawes tt Ween Deparment, Goremneat of Uaae i owe Danson cone Sa Mates Recah Staion, Now Darang Dnzcron (arte) saat ATH Dat Aa Foundations and Gantrcon (FL Beaty at heat (Ama a Oona very of Reoren, Rove; and late of Bageen Cini}, Cas sims. Gor onli pen Liat emtiy as Desons (atoms) unt rena ner Idi Lined Now Del SEA a Sree ada Nee Bat ‘Set Vice Re Tar (Aire) {Conte ge?18 12720 (Pare 5) 1985 (Cota fom page) Members Repeing Jove Dowovox Reseancn Ministry of Raihwars (G8). RDO Serre’ Dinscron, Reszancn (GE iI, RBSO (alert) Siu AVR: Mons Indian Geotechnical Society, New Debi Nawawant Sent Baling Rematch Tatiate (CSIR), SunrT. K. Nammasast Cenegi esa Rearch teate (CSIR), New Sun, Ranaee Sun Miniery of Defence (R&D), ‘site VB. Gnoneaps ( Atenate) DaG.¥. Ryo Taian Teutte of Technology, New Delhi Beek Gores (Alurte) Restahcs Orneee (BEIRL) Pali Wats Dearest, Covent of Pai, ager Sronreany (Central Botrd of Frigation and Power, New Delhi ‘Dynworon (C) (Alienate) Suu W Seeaaene nua U, Javaxonr (Alera) ‘5, Stenaeat National Buildings Orgpnization, New Delhi “guia Sows Beam ( Altra) ee 7 Dan Sou Jadarpue Univesity, Ceuta Smet N. Soenaseurrase aragata "Eagliveriag - Roearch Staton, ‘Keainarsampst Cot R.R, Seonmone Minkury of Detonts(Eoginseria-Ohe's Branch ) ‘Suan 8.8. Jon ( Alurae) Sormprmrpite Ex esse Public Works Department, Goverament of Tari Teebe) ‘Nadu, Madras Eeacorive Exoneres CSMRD) (Altre) Sur. Vans [Al Tadia,Sostrument Manufacturers and Dealers ‘Suociation, Bombay Suna HK, Goma ( Alene) Sami G. Rae Direcor General, ISI ( fie Monr) ‘Director (Cv Engg ) Seton Semi KM, Maranon Seaiae Deputy Director (Civ Bagg ), 1ST ( Cotte o age 16 1S 1 2720 ( Phet 5 )- 1985 Indian Standard METHOD OF TEST FOR SOILS PART 6 DETERMINATION OF LIQUID AND PLASTIC UM! ( Second Revision ) 0 FOREWORD 0.1 This Indian Standard ( Part 5) ( Second Revision ) was adopted by the Indian Standards Institution ‘on 25 January 1983, after the draft finalized by the Soil Engineering Sectional Commitee had been approved by the Civil Engineering Division Couneil. 02 With a view to establish uniform procedures for the determination of different characteristics of soils and to facilitate comparative study of ‘the results, the Indian Standards Sastitution is bringing out the ‘Indian Standard methods of test for soils’ ( 1S : 2720 ) which is being published in parts covering various properties of soils. ‘This Part 5, which deals with the methods of test for the determination of liquid and plastic limits sndober related indices of ils was fist published in 1965 and revied 1 In this second revision, cone penetration method has been revised base onthe reve coe ich now vniverally aed ter countries. The ‘conventional Casagrande apparatus has certain short= comings, such asthe dificulty of cutting groove in sols of low plasticity fad the tendency of toils to dip rather than flow. Core penetrometer forms an alternative method to overcome the inherent shortComings.” 0.5 The liquid and plastic limits of soils are both dependent on the snout and «ype of ay In sl end frm che bet che it ee cation system for cohesive toi ‘on the plasticity tests. Besides ‘their use for identification, the plasticity tests give information concerning the cohesion properties of tol and the amount of capillary water which itcan hold. "They are also used directly in specifications for controlling ‘soil for use in fil. These index properties of soil have also been related Yo various other properties of the soil182720 ( Pare 5)- 1985 0.4 In reporting the result of a txt or analysis made in accordance with this standard, if the Goal value, observed of caleulated sto be rounded MF ieabal be done in accordaice with 18; 21960". SCOPE 1x This standard ( Part 5} lays down methods of tet forthe determin: tion ofthe liquid hie and plate limit of sik. ‘Three methods, namely, ‘mechanical method, one point method and the cone method are given for the determination of liquid limit. 11.4 Liquid limits over about 120 percent shall be obtained by the procedure ipecifed in $ or." The one point method shall not be used Poe highly orgenic soils (see Note) “Nore —The one point method may be applicable to the region for which the ener arg vont) bas ue rio anon ie om targa” or a ‘SSTERIT.AE teins epove the reat otaned by the med abo ay he Frere 1L2 The methods for calculating the following indices which are related to the liquid and plastic limits are also given: . a) Flow index (s 3.52), b) Plastic index (se 8 ), ) Toughness index (209), €&) Liquidity index (or water plasticity ratio) (se 10), and ¢) Consistency index (see 1). 2, TERMINOLOGY 2A For the purpose of this standard, definitions of terms given, in 15 : 2809-1972} shall apply. 3, TEST_FOR THE DETERMINATION OF LIQUID LIMIT (MECHANICAL METHOD ) 3.1 Apparaces . SAL Muha! Lid init Dee — He shall conform to 18: 9259 1979}. ‘4A.2 Grooving Tool — It shall conform ta IS ; 9259-19793. Reale for rounding off numeral valuer (rsd) Stoney of terme kad symbole relating toll ei |Speeitcation for liquid Tile apparatus for sil 2720 ( Paee'g) - 190s SALS Porctain Enaperating Dish — about 12 0 15 cn in diameter. $.14 Flat Glee Pate — 10 mm thick and about 45 em square or larger (Alternative to poreslain evaporating dith for mixing sou with water sis (for mintog SLE Palette Knices — two, with the blade about 20 em long and 3 cm wide (or mixing soil and water on the fat glass plate ). SLT. Balen ~ versive 001g! ‘$1.8 Oven — thermostatically controlled with interior of non-corrodi ‘material to maintain the temperature between 105 acd 110°C. 2 S19 Wash Bote or Beaker — containing distilled watet, MO Containers — air-tig roistre content, 32 Sell Sample the ay mixed portion of matectal passing. 425-mic Mee IS fe0"( Pare LSB) obuained te Sesondaes tah 1S: FD Pare 1 }-1963f (se Note and 6.2). Nore — When no stones are prevent i the si and practically allf the sll pastes ‘25micron IS Sieve, there sometimes a practice of testing samples without previc- iy htm," When sollaare tested inthe satural Condition, The en wil Seal dit romhowe cinined pk sided pee. The tthecord hal ‘hn ol inthe sarural condition wd acd Ifthis is done and stones are present, only’ the material passing 425-micron IS Sieve shall be used for the test; this can be obtained by ‘rubbing the wet soil through the sieve until a sufficient quantity of the size passing 425-micton IS Sieve is obtained. 3.3 Adjustment of the Mechanical Device 3.3.1 The liquid limit device shall be inspected to determine that it is clean, dry and in good working order, that the cup falls freely and it does not have too much side play at its hinge. The grooving tool shall alto be inspected to determine that itis clean and dry. ‘3.3.2 Using the gauge on the handle of the grooving toot or « separate ‘and by means of the adjustment plate ‘of the mechanical liquid limit device, the height through which the cup is lifted and dropped shall be adjusted so that the point on the cup which comes in comact ‘Specification for vat alevec Part 1 Wie cloth tet seven sod rats). fof tet forall Part | Preparotion of ry sod rang cada parton of Gry mo mele Tor rail1812720 ( Pare 5) - 1985 with the base falls through exactly one centimetre for one revolution of the handle. "The adjnsiment plate shal then be secured by tightening Norm — If evennew of the bese snot maintained in couse of time, the bake of the liquid limit dovic should be changes. 3.4 Procedure 3A.1 About 120 g ofthe soi sample passing 425-micron IS Sieve shall ‘be mixed thoroughly with distilled water in te evaporating dish or on the flat glass plate to form a uniform paste. ‘The paste shall have a consistency that will require 30 to..85 drops of the cup to cause the required closure of the standard groove. In the case of clayey soil, the toil paste shall be left co stand for a suficient time (2¢ hours ) 40 a8 to fnture Uniform distribution of moisture throughout the soil mas (se Note I under 343 )- 34.2 The oil should then be remixed thoroughly before the tes. tion of the paste a laced in the cup above the spot where the Eup rests on the base, squeezed down and spread into poston. shown in Fig. 1, with as few srokes of the spatula as possible and at the same time sed to a depth of one centimetre at the poin: of maximum thickness, Feturning the exces soil to the dish. ‘The soil inthe cup shall be decided by firm stokes of the grooving tool along he. diameter through the ‘entre line of the cam follower So that a clean, sharp groove of the proper ‘dimensions is formed (see Note 2 under 3.4.3). In case where grooving tool, Type A does not give a clear groove as in sandy sols, grooving, (ol ‘Type Bor Type C (se Note $ under 3.4.3} should be used DIVIDED SOIL CAKE BEFORE TEST SOIL CAKE AFTER TEST Fro. 1 Draonaw Itxusreatina Ligor Laure Tasr 6 18 12:20 (2are3 )* 198F “The cup shal be ted and dropped by traing the crank at she rte of two relations per second unt the two halves ofthe sol cake come {contact wth batom ofthe groove along a distance of about" 12mm CoeNote 4), Ths length shal be meats withthe end ofthe grea eoloraruit “The humber of drops required so cause the groove clots forthe length of 12 mm shall be recorded 3.43 A little extra of the soil mixture shall be added to the cup and mixed with the soil in the cup. The pat shall be made in the cup and the test repeated as in $4.2. In no case shall dried soil be added to the thoroughly mized soil that is being tested. The procedure given in 3.4.2 and in this clause shall be repeated until two consecutive runs give the same under of drops for closure of the groove ( see Notes 4 and 5). Nore | — Ligh textured wile (of low clay content) may be ted immediaily after horoogh ising of wate. Nore 2 — To avoid tearing of the sides ofthe groove or alipping of the wil eake on tne cup up tse sok ots ont fo back o ftom bask to oak contig none ‘Soke hal be permed. "Each sve penewate te despr ni the ns fom back to font verapes the bottom ofthe cop lao. Wt afew sche spe Nor — With soll having. low platiciy indies i wmetimes dict spc a mothe ithe wil with roavng on, ype Grooving tol, ‘Rope or Type may be ud in ach cant” Grooving toa ype Burn wedge 121 te at of ol easag the two baleen of the pt tovlide nthe cope incre uring te tthe tendency then forte ol to aide eka tame face ited of Bowing sie should do" Iesbocd, therefore, be wat wih cation None 4—Some wilt tend to slide. on the wuface ofthe cup intesd of thew Ang. thi occry, the realty shoud be dsarded and the ten repsted tt fering does oar. Hf asin il accor thet not appealed noe sould temade thn the liquid Hit could not be obtained [Nowe 5 — Gare sal be taken tose thet the sl paste dot not dry out too rapidly betwen gepeat tau asthe muni of blows for late wil arene radusly Seth ‘Simple der ot 344 A representative slice of soil approximately the width of the spatula, extending from about edge to edge of the soil cake a right angle {0 the groove aud including that portion of the groove in which. the sol flowed: together, shall be: taken in a suitable container and its moisture content expresied as a percentage of the oven dry. weight otherwise determined. as described in 18 ;2720( Part 2 )-1973*. "The remaining foil ia the cup shall be wansferred to the evaporating dish and the cup land the grooving tool cleaned thoroughly. 3.45 The operations specified in 3.4.2 to 3.4.4 shall be repeated for at least three more additional trails ( minimum of four in all), which the soil collected in the’ evaporating dish or flat glass plate, to with sufficient water has been added to bring the soil to a more fluid "Methods of tet for sike Par 2 Determination of moisture content (stot reso 7w a £9 eT eO (Ferd!) Mi oe rt line dra Faints. The moisture content eos tbe curve thal be rounded off orm 48 the liquid limit of the sae 352 Flow indes(h) — The goy fertclogacithic graph asin Sse ths hse 8S dinates corespondits 10 ite c*Pressed asthe aif 100 drops shall be reported are, Nowa — ‘The flow index may be calcu 3.6.2 The liguial ti The history of ‘the reported. should be repor il sainple, that er of espe known, the meihad at repieakine allowed ‘aie’ miciese4 "5 shall be recorded and the specimens shal be arate Ho close the geagct Sieh Sines on the fo coreg tal should. proceed Yoonditign of te seu cnt 450i and’ no py main 2b endlucted ow Index hall be plotted on a semic 8 the arithmetical scale ‘ale. The flow curve iss the four or more plotiea Stops as read from le number and reported ‘ed to the nearest whole nuniber, hatural state, air-dried, oven, he test reported and the parted ‘Mer 10 the soil shall aber oe sine is observe-dephe of po serena ee ne 202% Angle withthe poi eat wrth rice, "The standasdlnon pe i wate content for a specied depth of pean © 42 Apparates £23 Containers — non-corrodible ‘and air-tight for moisture determina tion. fir thermontacally controled with interior non-correding materiale maine temperature between as ait imple weighing about 150 g from throy gg em Steve obtained apparatus, dint souces the eras of tion. ‘The inital reading Show on the aaa i allowing the cone to penctrte ine al : Emm. | The exact moisture content oft ‘Sceordance with IS : 2720 (Part 2 }-1973%,3S:2720( Pare 5) - 1985 4.5 Determination of Liquid Limit — A content on. the ya prepared. The best fitting straight line is then raven, Content corresponciing to cone penetration of 20 mar shall be taken as the Noid lit of she stand thal beefed the nearest Gs decimal 46 Report 46.1 The results of observations of the tet shall be recorded suitably. 4.6.2 The liquid limit should be feported to the nearest first decimal place. The history of the sample, that is, natural state, air-dried, o ‘unknown, the pretreatment, if any to the soil shall be reported. 5. TEST FOR DETERMINATION OF LIQUID LIMIT BY ONE POINT METHOD USING (CASAGRANDE APPARATUS) ‘5.1, Principle — Ic has been established by basic characteristics of soils land associated physico-chemical factors that critical shear strengths at liquid limit water contents arise out of force fil equilitrium and are independent of soil type. ‘This has lead co the formation of « scientific ‘base for liquid limit determination by one point method. + 52 Apparat specified in 51. 5.3 Soil Sample — The requirements for the soil sample are the same a8 specified in 3.2. 54 Adjastment of the Mechanical Device — The requirements for ‘mechanical device are che same as specified in 3.3. 5.5 Procedure —A sample of sol weighing at least 50 g from dhe sample passing 425 micron 18 Sieve shall be mixed thoroughly with istiled water inthe evaporating dish or on the fat ats plate to form a tmniform ‘paste with a moutare conten as near as posible to that corres- Bonding the 25 drop value “The rit accion of water fo give about tops may be checked with the mechanical device until experience with the soll under test venders this stop unnecesary. ‘The procedure n iy 341 10 B44 should otherwise be followed, except that a Iolsture content sample shall be taken only forthe accepted tral. For Scils with liquid limits above 80 to 120 percent the accepted range shall Fequire between 20 and 30 drops to close the groove (ate LL.) for sll, Tiquid limit less than $0 percent a range of 19 to 39 drops is accept- able, Atleast rwo consistent consecutive closures shall be observed before faking the moisture content sample. for calculation ofthe fguid Timi She's shall always proceed rom he weiter tthe rer condition ofthe —The requirements for apparatus are the same as 10 3S 12720 (Pang 5) - 1985 eee te Sf cemperetens 4 Tg wa catego tal of sh seed weet eters a ares paren a THUS — OB log ¥ SST Report — Sw 46. 6 TEST FOR DETERMINATION OF LIQUD UM POINT METHOD USING CONE PENETROMETER bd neo ‘APPARATUS 7 6.1 Principle — Since the depth of penetration is in’ an indirect ralecton of shear nength a iret water content Eka ben oud, ‘within the framework of «scientific base that wie agaant log Dor D nique and is independent of oll types ‘The resulting near slaion tenable to determine liguid limie water content correponding to 0 tm penetration of the cone, $2 Apparatus —The requirements for apparatus are the same ax 63 Soil Sam as in 4.4. = 6.4 Procedure — Same as in 4.5. The accepted trials such that the ‘depth of cone penetration is between 16 and 26 mm. —The requiremenis for the soil sample are the same 65 Computations — ‘The war content is determined for the accepted trial. ‘The liquid limit water gontent is computed from ‘one of the following relationships: ‘04, = 9/077 log D oy = wyf( 065 + 00175 D) 66 Report — Se 46. 7, TEST FOR THE DETERMINATI( ¥ OF PLASTIC 74 Apparatus ‘TAA Porelin Boaporating Dish — about 12 cm in diameter. o Flat Glass Plate —10 mm thick and ab om or arger thick and about 45 em square n1S 12720( Part 5)-1985 7.1.2 Spotule ~- Gexible, with the blade about 8 em long and 2 cm Palate Knives — two, with the blade about 20 em long and $ cm ‘wide ( for use with flat glass plate for mixing soil and water }= A.B Surface for Rolling — ground-glass plate about 20 x 15 em, ight to determine moisture content. TAA Condainers — ai TAS Balance — sensitive 100-01 g 1. Oven ~ thermnouaticaly controlled with interior of nos-corod aateral to maintain the temperature between TOS and L1G. 7A.7 Red — 3 mm in diameter and about 10 cm long. 72 Soil Sample — A sample weighing about 20 g from the thoroughly mixed portion of the material passing 425-micron IS Sieve, obtained in accordance with IS : 2720 ( Part | )-1983* shall be taken, 7.2.1 When both the liquid limit and the plastic limit of a soil ace 10 ‘be determined, a quantity of soil sufficient for both the tests shall be taken for preparation of the toil. At a stage in the procets of. mixing of il and water at which the mass become" "~ augh to be easily ‘shaped into a ball, a portion of the soil samp! ‘sti stare should bbe taken for the plastic limit test. 7.3 Procedure — The soil sample shall 1 thoroughly’ with distilled water in an evaporating dish or ¢ lass plate tll the ‘soil mass becomes plastic enough to be easily vith fingers. In the ‘case of clayey soils the plastic sil mass shall be left to stand for a sufficient time (24 hours ) to ensure uniform distribution of moisture throughout the soil (seé 7.2.1). A ball shall be formed with about 8 ‘of this plastic soil mass and rolled berween the fingers and the glass plate ith just sufficient pressure. to roll the mass into a thread of uniform diameter throughout its length. The rate of rolling shall be between 80 land 90 strokes/min counting a stroke as one complete motion of the hand forward and back to the starting Position again. ‘The rolling shall be done till the threads are of 3 mm diameter. ‘The soil shall then be kneaded together to a uniform mass and rolled again, ‘This process of alternate rolling and kneading shall be continued until the thread ferurmbles under the pressure required for rolling and the soil can no Tonger be rolled into a thread. “The crumbling may oceur when the thread has a diameter greater than 3 mm. ‘This shall be considered a “Mee of tet for soln: Part Preparation of dry soileaumple for varius teats (send resi 2 15: 2720 ( bare 5) 1985 ‘atinfactory end point, provided the soil has been rolled into a. thread ‘Simm in diameter immediately before. At no time shall an attempt be made o produce failure at exactly 3mm diameter by allowing the thread 10 reach 3mm, then reducing the rate of rolling or prestare or Doth, and continuing the rolling without further ‘deformation uatil the thread falls apart. ‘The pieces of crumbled soil thread thal be collected in. am airtight container and. the moisture content determined. as described in 1S : 2720 ( Part 2 )-1975%, 74 Report 7A1 The observations of the test should be recorded suitably. A recommenced proforma for the record of results is given in Appendix A. 74.2 The moisture content determined as in 7.3 is the plastic limit of the soil. The plastic limit shall be determined for at least ‘three portions of the soil passing 425-micron IS Sieve. The average of the results Galeulated to. the nearest whole number shall be reported asthe plastic limit ofthe 20 2.44 The hinory of he i sample hat nara stat, sid, oven-dried or unknown ) and the period of weking allowed after mis ‘of water tothe aol shall ano be reported. sad 8. PLASTICITY INDEX 8.1 Calealation — The plasticity index is calculated as the difference ‘between its liquid limit and plastic limit: ‘Plasticity index (Jp) = liquid limit (en) ~ plastie limit ( ap). 8.2 Report — The difference calculated as indicated in 8.1 shall be reported as the plasticity index, except under the following conditions: 1) Inthe case of sandy soils plastic limit should be determined frst. ‘When plastic limit cannot be determined, the plasticity index should be reported a1 Np ( nomplastic 1) When the plastic limit is equal toor greater than the liquid mit, the plastics index shal be reported ar sero. {Motos of te Gr sot: Pact 2 Determination of moitue content (sem 131S :2720( Pare 5 )- 1985 9., TOUGHNESS INDEX 9.1 Calculation ‘The toughness index shalt be calculated as follows: Toughness index (Ir) = 2. where J = plasticity index (see 81), and I = flow index ( 2e 3.5.2). 10. Liquiprry INDEX ||” 10.1 Calculation — The liquidity index shall be calculated as follows: Liquidity index ( 4) = = #0 % where We = natural moisture content of the soil, ‘Wp = plastic limit of the soil, and Jp ~ plasticity index of the soil 11. CONSISTENCY INDEX HL1 Galealation —The consistency index shall be calculated as Consistency index (Ie) = 270 where ‘0, = liquid limit of the soil, ‘Wo = natural moisture content of the soil, and. Ip = plasticity index of the soil. 12. GENERAL REPORT RA The result ofall the tests and calculations may be reported in the roforma.given'in Appendix A- a 18 +2720(‘Pare 5) - 1985 APPENDIX A ( Clauses 3.6.1, 7.4.1 and 12.1) PROFORMA FOR TESTS AND CALCULATIONS IS No with yea on Details of 0M eaipio Naroral water content History of voll sample Period of toaking of soll samp LIQUID LIMIT TIC LIMIT Number of drops soil,g___| ‘Weight of con tainer + oven dry soil, ‘Weight of water, g ‘Weight of con talner, g ‘Weight of oven ‘dry sil, & [ | Se Cty Cte | Moisture percent RESULT SUMMARY iquid’ Flow Plaio ‘Toughness Liquidity Consinen- HSK" Eide Ein ‘imix fogex” ‘Gy index ~ oe a ie ae Oo @ @ oo REMARKS1S +2720 ( Part 5 )- 1985 ( Cantina from poe 2) Soil Testing Procedures Subcommittee, BDC 23 : 3 Conner Repsesig Dr Aus Soro Usivenity of Jodhpur, Jodbper Mantes Smt V.N. Soe Centgal Building Research Tastiete (CSIR), ding (osIR Assurroer Renasnen Orricen, Ivigation” Deperzment, Gaverament of Utar et ‘pind Roorkee Asmeraxt Rusanos Orricex Icrigation ‘Departren Government of Punjat (IRRT) ‘Chandigart “ SHHLAK. Guaronrns Mitr of Bence (Bagineein- Chis Branch) oenty ‘ARE ( GE) ( Aluraie) Dunsoron (CSM RS) Central Soil & Materials Rewarch ‘Staton, ‘New Delhi Dmurr | Dinzcros (OSM & RS) (alate) Ba SuusmK. Goninast Indian owiate of Technology, New Debi Sant M.D. Nave ‘Aboeated ourumens Mantacture (1) Prt Lid, ‘New Delhi aor. §, Nasamas( Altnatt) Paar Gapaz Rasa ‘Uaiversty of Roorkee, Roorkee De $C. Fanos ( Altnate) SnntP. Jnonsata Rao Centgal Road Research Teninte (CSIR), "New De 16REAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS ‘Bhavan, 9 Banadr Shah Ztar Marg, NEW! DELHI 110002 tones 331 O13 Telegrams : Mansksanathe 3011375 (Common toa Ores) ral Ottces Tetephone 1 Mana Bhavan, 9, Banagur Shah Zar Moa, gio New DELHI 340002 S375 AIAG Senome Vil M, 37 8802 VLPs ood, Monikols, CALCUTTA 700054 Wontom —: 360-448-446, Sector 36-6, CHANDIGARH 180036 21843 Souther CAT. Campus, WV Cross Road, MADRAS 600113 aie Wester” Manatataya, £9 MIDG; Marl Anchen (eas), 6828295, BOMBAY #00083 Branch Offices Pushpak, Nurmohamad Shaikh Maig, Khanput, AHMADABAD 380001 2.63.49, £ Pena indus area, 12 Stage, Bangalore Tamiur Road 28985 BANGALORE 580088, Gangotn Gompiex St Flor, Bhadbhada Rosd, TT. Naga. 95.4021 ‘BRoPAL ve2s03 Pot No. 82/83, Lewis Road, BHUBANESHWAR 751002 5.3627 Kole Ksthir Building, 0-8 Avangs: Rood. COIMBATORE 681037 267 08 ‘Quality Marking Carve, NM. IV, NLT FARIDABAD 121001 7 Sovin Comics. 10 6-1. Rosd, GHAZIABAD 201001 2711996 55/8 Word No. 29. R.G. Botua Road, Sth By one, 33177 ‘GUWAHATI 731009. 5-8-560 L. N. Gupta Marg, ( Nampally Stator Road ) 21083 HYDERABAD so000! Rt Yodhister Marg, © Scheme, JAIPUR 302008 oun 117/818 B Sowvodaya Nagar, KANPUR 208008 216876 Plot No, A-9, House No. 861/63. Sindhu Nags. Kenout Rosa 55507 uciOw 226008 Patipuva Industrial Estate, PATNA 800013 62308 Digi Industies Cenwe Complex, Bagh-e-Ali Malden = ‘SRINAGAR t900TT 7.6, No, 14/1421, Univesity #0. Patayam. e208 THAIRUVANANTHAPURAM osshds Inspection Ottices (With Sale Point) Pushpanal. Fest Foor, 205:A West High Cout Road 52517) Shuma Nayar Saar NAGPUR Bo. Intintlon of Engines (Ina) Bulging, 1332 Shiva Noge. a PUNE 419008) : ee “Sales Office Caicuta is at 5 Chowringhee Aporoech, 2768.00 P.O, Prncop Sueet. CALCUTTA’ 1 Sales Office is at Novelty Chambers, Grant Road. BOMBAY 09.65 28 4 Sales Office Is at Unity Building, Narasnhwra Square 223971 BANGALORE ‘Frntad a Baa Kay Prnars Wow Dali Toe1512120 (Pare V1)-1972 Indian Standard METHODS OF TEST FOR SOILS PART VI DETERMINATION OF SHRINKAGE FACTORS (First Revision) Soil Engineering Sectional Committee, BDC 23 Chaimen Rpreeing Paor Divess Moxa Duiidng Research Toatiut en Mentors seepage tien (aan re caste Jo meee aoa ta S. Dana pacity (F420, Non Aire, Calta $3) Darran Hindustan Comtrttion Co Led, Boma Suni Rc Dawa Bing Tostrate of Hydeaullc & Aled Resaren, hago, Patan DxG.s, Dmnzos Indian Geotcchnia Society, New Delt Prog toons ThdianIneueate of Technology, New Deki “Gnas. Re Couman (Alemte) Jone Diascton ftaneanc (FE), RDSO" Drrory Druscron Reszancr "(Sort Mesuastes RDSO wy Board ( Minis of Railways) suns diin r o nes. Joume| oginee-n-Chief' Branch, Army Headquarter ‘Swan 8, Vanapamaza (Altona) i Sunt Panes ‘Cental Boned of rigation & Power, New Delhi lie Fests Engncevtng Lids end Harr & Public Works Department, Goverament of Panjab Concrete Atvociatian of fain, Bombay Sha MA. ewe ‘Sear TB Meow ( Alert) Continued on fe 2) INDIAN STANDARDS INSTITUTION MARAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG [NEW DESH 1100015 :2720 (Part VI)-1972 (Contd from page) Montes Repnting Sunt R. S. Manor (Central Water &e Power Comnminion, New Delhi ‘Debors Dinecron ( Caveat sonore st bos, De Sunt §.H. Batacuawpant (Aluruit) ne ee irda men AE Roch rh thy, ee : Res Reazanon Orricen Da Susnenee Pracasn Univesity 6f Roorkee, Roorkee ons Kodi Wng { Minary of Supping © 7 aS. 8, Sinnn oe iyo ras ‘Stat A, 8 Bonor (Aliate) at NEC bidet oes Surguivemipive "Ew ait m Concrete & Soll Retarch Laboratory, Public Works \Peamwina ano Deaiow Crncts) Department, Government of Tail Nada Ecce Exotwnr® sory Sou Suni GG. Swascieathaie | Tratitution of Engineers (Toda), Calcutta Shas HG. Vem Ail India Tnstregents' Manufaceurers & Dealers ‘Auocition, Bombay Sums S.R. Taurape ( Alurtte) Saati G. Vane Public Works Department, Goverament of Utar Pradesh Sent D.C. Craronvenr (Alternate) sane Baza Sana Birctr Gener It (Eegfio Ment ‘Director ( Civ Engg ) : Seratary Sma G. Rava Depaty Director (Civ Egg), 1ST Soil Testing Procedures and Equipment Subcommittee, BDC 23:3 = te Mein Moora pe , are rar A. 8, Bisuxor ( Alteraate ) oe : : Sa naan, OR Nn oe mat ( Continued om pope 12) 15: 2720( Part VI)-1972 Indian Standard METHODS OF TEST FOR SOILS PART Vi DETERMINATION OF SHRINKAGE FACTORS ( First Revision) 0 FOREWORD 0.1 This Indian Standard (Part VE) (First Revision) was adopted by the Indian Standards Tnsttution on 25 February 1972, afer the draft finalized by the Soil Engineering Sectional Committee had been approved bby the Civil Engineering Division Council. 0.2 With a view to establish uniform procedures for the determination of different characterises of soils and ‘also Tor facilitating a comparative + study. of the results, the Indian Standards Institution i Bringing out this “Indian. Standard "methods of test for soils" (182720) whic is being published io part. Thirty-three parts of this series have been published s0 far. 0.3 This part, frst published in 1964, deals with the methods of test for {he determination Of shrinkage factors fr soi, Factory auch athe shrinkage limit, shrinkage ratio, shrinkage index and volumetric shrinkage tnaybelietermined from the elt of the te deseibed. The meted {or determining the valle of linear shrinkage on the bass of resultsof test conducted for obtaining the shrinkage limit has been found unsatisfactory ‘and a direct method for determining this property has been covered in 1812720 ( Part XX)-1966%, "Hence reference to linear” shrinkage has ‘been deleted from this revision. "As weight measurements can be made sore accurately than volume measurements, the former method has been {Specified in this revision forthe determination of the volume of the soil at. The inside edge ofthe shrinkage dish has been rounded so that sir Entrapped during the measurement ofthe volume ofthe pat is minimized. Recently it has been recognized that shrinkage upon drying is also indicative of the structure of the soil. The greater the shrinkage the more dispersed. the strcture. Tt is possible, therefore, to. stuay the hrinkage behaviour of undisturbed soi of natural or man-made depesits fand get an idea of its structure. In this revision the erm shrinkage limit Cndisturbed soll ) has been introduced to define this property and Inethod included forits determination. Consequently, the term originally Known at shrinkage limit has been re-designated as shrinkage limit (Cremoulded soil). “Methods of tert for oil: Part XX Determination of linear 315:2720( Part V1)-1972 (04 In the formulation of this standard due weightage has been given to. \ernational co-ordination among the standards and practices prevailing different countries in addition to relating it to the practices in the feld this country. 055 To reporting the result ofa test or analysis made in accordance with this standard, ifthe final value, observed or calculated, is to be rounded off, it shall be done in accordance with IS :2-1960*, 1. SCOPE, 1LA This standard (Part VI) lays down the method of test for obtaining data from which’ the shrinkage factors, namely shrinkage limit (remoulded soil), shrinkage limit (andistirbed soil), shrinkage ratio, shrinkage index and volumetric shrinkage of soils may be calculated. 2. TERMINOLOGY 2:1 For the purpose of this standard, the following definitions shall apply. For definiions: of terms not given below, reference may be made to 1S: 2809-1972. 2AM Shrinkage Inder (1,)—The numerical diference between the plastic limit and shrinkage limit (remoulded soil). ‘24.2 Shrinkage Limit ( Undsturbed Soil) (1m )— ‘The maximum water content expresed as percentage of oven-dry weight at which any further reduction in water content will not cause a decrease in volume of the soll mass, the soil mass being initially of soil in its undisturbed state. 2AS Shrinkage Limit (Remoulded Soil) (w,)—The maxioum water ‘content expressed as percentage of oven-dry weight at which any further reduction in water content will not cause a decrease in volume of the soil ‘mass, the soil mass being prepared initially from remoulded soil. 241A Shrinkage Ratio (2) —The ratio of a given volume change, expresied asa percentage of the dry volume, to the corresponding change Infwater content above the appropriate shrinkage limit, expreted as'a percentage of the weight ofthe oven-dried soi. 21.5 Volumetric Shrinkage ( Volumetric Change) ( V,)—The decrease i volume, expressed as a percentage of the soil mass when dried, of a soil mass when the water content is reduced from a given percentage to the appropriate shrinkage limit. “Rules for rounding off numerical values (aid) {Glomary of terms ad aybols acing to ol engineering (fs rin). ‘ 15 +2720 Pare V1)-197 3. APPARATUS 3.1 Evaporating Dish —1wo, porcelain, about 12 em in diameter with ‘8 pour out and flat bottom, the diameter of flat bottom, being wot less than 55 mm or an enamel fon trav with pour out, 3.2 Spatala—flesible, the blade about 8 em long and 2.¢m wide. 3.3 Shrinkage Dish — circular, porcelain or non-corroding metal dish inert to mercure having a flat bottom and 43 mmin diameter and 15 mm Iheight internally. ‘The internal corner between the bottom and the vertical sides shall be rounded inte a sniooth concave curve. 34 Seraight Edge — steel, about 15 em in length. 3.5 Glass Cup — 50 t0 op rim ‘mm i diameter and 25 mm in height, the f whieh is ground smooth and Tevel 3.6 Glass Plates --two, each 73 x 73 mm, 3mm thick. One plate shall be of plain glass and tie other shall have three metal prongs ineit to mercury (se Fig. 1) verore AFTER i SHRISRAGE SHRINKAGE | SERIE encom egogane PETAL OF LASS ME 1H00 OF oBTaN PURTE ait PRONES, ePLRceD MERC” A cimension in milimetre, Fro. 1 Arpanarus rox Dererwoano Vouumeric CHanon 518 :2720 ( Part VI)-1972 3.7 Oven— thermostatically controlled to maintain the temperature between 105 and 110°C, with interior of non-corrading material. 3.8 Sieve — 425-micron IS Sieves. 3.9 Balances — sensitive to 0'l g and 0-01 g (see IS : 1433-1965 ). 3.10 Mercury — clean, sulficient to fill the glass cup t0 overflowing. 3.1L Desiceator —with any desiccating agent other than sulphuric acid, 4. SOIL SAMPLE FOR TEST 4.1 For Shrinkage Limit (Remoulded Soil) Test (and Determi- nation of Other Allied Properties )—Take a sample weighing about 100 g from the thoroughly mixed portion of the material passing the 425 microa IS Sieve which has ‘been obtained in accordance with 1552720 (Part T -1972, 42 Shrinkage Index ( Undisturbed Soil) Test 42.1 Preserve the undisturbed soil sample received from the field in its undisturbed state. 4.2.2 Trim from the undisturbed soil sample soil pats approximately. 45 mm in diameter and 15 mm in height, Round off their edges to pre Vent the entrapment of air during mercury displacement. 5, PROCEDURE FOR DETERMINATION OF SHRINKAGE LIMIT. (REMOULDED SOIL) AND OTHER ALLIED PROPERTIES 5.1 Preparation of Soil Paste—Place about 30 ¢ of the soil sample Cbiained in 4.1 in the evaporating dish and thoroughly mix with distilled veater in an amount sufficient to All the soil voids compietely and to make the soil pasty enough to be readily worked into the shrinkage dish without esteapping sir bubbles. “In the case of friable soils the amount of water required t0 obtain the desired consistency is equal to o¢ slightly ester than the audit in the eas of panic soils may exceed the iquid limit by as much as 10 percent 52 Weight and Volame of the Shrinkage Dish—Deiermine the ‘eight of the clean empey shrinkage dish and record, Determine the Capacity of the shrinkage dish in eabic centimetres, whieh ale) the ‘Volume ofthe wet sel pat, by Sling the shrinkage dith to overigwang ‘with mereury, removing the excess by presing the plain glass plate Rem ‘ver the top of the shrinkage dish in such a way that the plate fash ‘vith the top of the dish and no airs entrapped, weighing the mercury held inthe shrinkage dish to an accuracy of 01g and dividing chs weight by the unit weight of mereury to obtain the wim. Record this volume 0 the volun ofthe wet soil pat, P= “Specification for beam scales (raj). Methods often for voile Patt Preparation of dry soil samples for various tests, (site) 6 15:2720 (Rare V1)-1972 53 Filling the Shrinkage Dish—Cost the inside of the shrinkage digh with this aver of icone grease or vaseline Or some other hay grease to" prevent the adhesion of soil to the dh. Place inthe Efntre ofthe shrinkage dish an amovnt of the soll paste equal to about Gnesthird the volume of the shrinkage dish, and allow the paste to flow to the edges by tapping the shrinkage dish’ on. firm surface. cosbioned by several lero of bloting paper, rubber sheet or similar material ‘Nidan amount of the sil pute approximately equal tothe frst portion, nd tap the shrinkage di os before until the paste is thoroughly. com: acted: and all included air has been brovghe 10 the surface. Add Tnore soil paste and continue the tapping until the shrinkage dish is Completely filed and excess soll paste stands out about its edge. Then Strike of che exces soil paste with ast adhering tothe ouside of the shrinkage ight edge, and wipe off all soil ish. 54 Weigh immediately the shrinkage dish as filled in 5.3 and record the ‘weight as the weight of the shrinkage dish and wet soil pat. Allow the Soil pat to dry in air until the colour of the pat turns from dark to light. Then oven-dry the pat in the shrinkage dish to constant weight at 105 to 110°C, cool in a desiccator and weigh immediately after removal from the desiceator. Record the weight as the weight of shrinkage dish and dry soil. 55 Volume of the Dry Soil Pat — Determine the volume of the dry soil pat by removing the pat from the shrinkage dish and immersing it in the glass cup full of'mercury in the manner given ia 5.5. 5.541 Fill the glass cup to overflowing with mercury and remove the excess mercury by pressing the glass plate with the three prongs (see Fig. 1) firmly over the top of the cup, collecting the excess mercury in a suitable container. Carefully wipe off any mercury which may be adhering to the outside of the cup. Place the cup, filled shus with mereury, in the evaporating dish taking care not to spill any mercury from the sglass cup, and place the oven-dried soil pat on the surface of the mercury in the cp. Then earefully force the pat under the mereury by means of the glass plate with the same prongs (see Fig. 1) and press the plate firmly over the top of the cup, the displaced mercury being collected in the evaporating dish without spilling out of it. Care shall be taken 10 ‘ensure that no air is trapped Under the soil pat. Weigh the mercury 40 displaced by the dry soil pat to an accuracy of 01 g and determine its Volume by dividing this weight by the unit weight of mercury. Record this volume as the volume of the oven-dry soil pat, Fo. 6. PROCEDURE FOR DETERMINING SHRINKAGE LIMIT (UNDISTURBED SOIL) G.1 Keep the specimen as prepared in 4.2 in a suitable small dish and 715:2720(Part VI)-1972 ‘Then dry the specimen nthe dish oconstantweightin an oven 81109 t0 LIC.” Remove the specimen im the oven andermeotioe oe fclges by sail papering. Brush off the sil dust from the apesiown bys Soft paint bitsh, Place the specimen again in the cleaned dekand dey it jn an ‘oven to constant weight. Coal the ovensity species desiccator aid weigh it withthe sh, Determine the overedry weight of the specimens I 62 Determ: ino. the volume V.,of the oven-dry specimen of 61 as described €3 Determine the specific gravity of the soil in accordance with AS22720 ( Part II )-196¢. oo 7. CALCULATIONS 7.1 Moisture Content ( jalculate the moisture content of wet roll pat (see 5 | as a percentage of the dry weight of the soil as follows: ww x 100 where w = moisture content of the pat (see 5), W = weight of wet soil pat obtained by subtracting the weight of the shrinkage dish from the weight of the dish and wet pat, and I, = weight of dry soil pat obtained by subtracting the weight of the shrinkage dish from the weight of the dish and dry at. 7.2 Shrinkage Limit (Remoulded Soil) (w,)—Calculate the shrinkage limic using the following formula -~( 1c, = shrinkage limit in percent, w = moisture content of wet soil pat (see Tel V = volume of wer soil pat in ml, Ps = volume of dry soil pat in ml, and Ws = weight of ovensdry soil pat [Nore — When th specie gravity ofthe sit where in percent, *Methods of fet for soils: Part HI Determination of specific gravity 8 15:2726 (Rare V1)-1972 bee calealaed by the following formula. (in this cas, reguired w= (11) 100 lane 12, = shrinkage Timi in percent, ‘hrinkage ato (se 7 A Je and ity forthe ration vied inthe test determined in acconde 8.12730 (Pace 18 1.3 Shrinkage Index (1) —Caleulate the shrinkage index using the following formula: tp indicated in $4 i 20t hah—w where Ip= plasticity index (determined §s!2720 (Pare V -1970 }- 74 Shrinkage Ratio (R)—Calcslate the shrinkage ray“@OMSRR following formula: Ty accordance with Re Ve weight of oven-dry pat in g, and volume of oven-dry soil pat in ml. 7.5 Volumetric Shrinkage ( Volumetric Change) ( V, the volumetric shrinkage using the following formula: y maw) R iven moisture content in percent, wy = shrinkage limit (see 7.2), and R = shrinkage ratio (see 74). 76 Shrinkage Limit (Undisturbed Soil) (Wa)— Calculate the shrinkage limt (undisturbed soil) using the following formula (ofsamgle referred in 6): where tow = shrinkage limit ( undisturbed soil) in percent, “Methods of test for ois: Part I. Determinntion of specific gravity. : Methods of tet for toiut Part V Determination of qos! and plastic Kia ‘patra 91822720 (Pare VI)-1972 Vo, = volume of oven-dry specimen in ml (se 6.2 ), Wu. = weight of oven-dry specimen in g (ste 6.1), ard Gx specific gravity of soil determined in accordance with 182720 Part IIH )-1963*. REPORT BAL The observations and results of the test shall be reported suitably. recommended. proforma for the record of results is given in ‘Appendix A. 8.2. The tests shall be repeated at least three times for each soil sample hd the average of the results thus obtained reported. Ifany individual Value varies from the average by more than # 2 percent, it shall be Giscarded and the test repeated, APPENDIX A ( Clause 8.1) PRO FORMA FOR RECORD OF TEST RESULTS 1b) Shrinkage Limi ( Remoal ded Sei) Project: Laboratory numberof sample [Name of work: Datcripton of wil sample Soll fraction taken forthe tet Boce/Trial it Now Depth Te No. Cat fn 8. Map st cigs ih + dey sitpating 6. Wash ot bvendey ties 2. Welt sarin E Mole cmcae 8) ot oi 9. Essporating dish No. (ih foto ih eer fing singe UOe breed weten ia 6 to, Weigh shaecar ig esease EQOA St apmating dak Taterhods of ten for ois: Part IK Determination of specie gravity 10 3. Volume of wer soll pat (7) in 4. Evaporsting du Non? 5. Welght of thercury displaced by the dey tllpar weg ol tapering Sh 16, Wea of ‘ol ey soll pai 18, Volume of dy so at (i 2 2. Ey 24, Volimetsie shrinkage Y= (IVimine) R 1) Shrinage Limit ( Uaistarbed Sel) Projet: Name of work: Location Bore/ Teal Pit No. Determination No. Dah No. Weight of dih + ovendry sai pecs in Ras cians By the ovensdryspecime e teighe of eraporat Wenn of evaporating Weight ofrmercury dplaced by the gyenry soll specimen in 10, Volume ofthe ovendey sl specimen Voi n, 12, Spatic gravity of the sil of, as, epecimen 14, Shrinkage limit (undisturbed soil) Laboratory number of tp rion of si same Cinta eto canpacton Sein the eld amp mohetwed eee Depth Tew No.48 :2720( Pare VI)-1972 Comet fom page) Members Reet Suni §.K.Ge Iain Tntiute of Technolog. New Delhi Star 5 Jeou Engin Chet’ Branch Hensguactene Soni OF aintmorns oligngt Reads Reeth Laboratory, Publ ‘Warke Department, Goverament ot Pat (Cental Water & Power Gominion, New Delhi ‘Degen Bint (Cenrase Scans) {aiwnte) Sen DR Sotsvan Cenual_ Building Research Insituwe (CSIR), ‘Roorkee 51m G. 8. Juss (Alernte) pa VS United Technical Contutanta Pvt Lid, New Del nt, Rs eres ( aie) Rernuneerance Public Works Department, Government of Uiar rage Sent H.C. Veron Anocinied lonvument Manutactrers (India) Pet eds New Del Suu MN. Bat (lacte)861 s2quaorg 49 zooott ETE AEN, OMAN MVaVZ HVHS UNGVHVE 6 “NVAVHE AYNYRY SQUVGNVIS NVYIGNI 40 nvaang R61 H4aldoy & se-tereee Dan 4661. LSNONW wHdoY ULL (uojssay puosag ) NOWOVdWOD AHOM ONISN NOILV13Y ALISNIO AMG"LNZLNOD HJLVM 40 NOLLYNIWH3130 IIA LuVd STIOS 404 LSAL 40 SGOHLAN (106 pouywey) — PAUPUDIS: UDIPUT (eres pomanseeu) Oeet-(i1A te) ozez * st8¢.Daa ‘seuTEEID ruoRDes EIEMIPAIN TooY PEE FuLONHTER TOS { uopstaay puozag ) NOLLOVAWOD LHOIT ONISN NOLLWTaU ALISNE AUG-LNILNOD NALVM JO NOLLVNINUZI3G A Lave STIOS YOS LSAL JO SAOHLIW pévpuvig, upipuy oeer-( EA 8g) OneZ ST(oot oe perm) et" fog AB ) emma Lando ar KS Fi ney “romper. sp sonopeny ops ‘mon mpay ) emesis yo wonnarest she eon Gear, feqeog (peL (a) wopemneneg reopened ey dapat (1d mf pee) cost (1A 8a ) once est€ “ntor jonaoo pjay Aq poypeyo oq we> 2raup pure ampzoasd sor amp Suen Aq unouy are pourelgo 29 quaquos aanynow wmumdo ayy 2meD>q 91qH a Foo PUT Tos amt Aq pORTRU rpurig ape] oqh 4 auOomauod 0 (uopstaay puovag ) NOILOVANOD LHOI ONISN NOILLY734 ALISNAG AMC-LNSLNOD UBLVM 40 NOLLVNIWUZLIG MA Luvd STIOS YO LSHL AO SGAOHLEW propunig uvipuy Ogst~( IA 78a ) O7Lz * STJe some pur Bf or oapmrass 2x 0} spade porsedano> Suypasnea Jo 2 sume on9] pel ¥ JO mE aT — (TeEEpAS ) Adds rem “608g +81 WI Wonsd ruonmuysp oq *PrEpuEIE smyD Jo atods popunos oq 01 # ‘paiejotes 20 ponsstge im souepiooye ty peur syecjeue 20 1:21 jo swonpedaios Surnp {Hot wom soreo pms 22N09 01 FE OF 2H (ct St my peace swopsedeaos daway wo ogst- (11a 28a) oct * St24 EGE swotG UL “oF joxp sourarex 84-9. ax woyy 2 Ayareurpxoadde Jo 12948] 29m ovny patoedaica oq eye ‘88 pes ‘areq prot © 0 p: rn 3 | worwou 2yy Oy paysem 2q preys 'paqpene se[doreq YM ‘pinou OUL TIS “+ 5 mow vor) ads por ay wo Buipuadsp soiem Jo aunowe sIquine e tuum ArqSnoxorp poxtr oq qreqs atdases oy. “(7 9) aaaye Men ST ME OZ ayy Sap “smoyjoy £8 st 22np2003d 94, — ( | 270N am) wopoedmon Seymq Zerysnsp oy o[qndsosng 30m [Og T'S aunago0wa ‘5 24 eqs wopsod sry faua0p Bory in yeu rs = mos 205 ) a2 ST UIaI-0Z * ‘yBnows oBre] pus perayew pos poup sre so uopod saneyusrasdaz Y [°F NaWIDads TOs “46261-8616 ¢ SI 07 waojuos [TENE 1] — sourINY THO EE 4 or Jo ajdures om Bopeyar kyysnosoup 405 904424 meds pure [anon ‘cod ‘ued 20 deny sv one OL SPT ee Jo nasa cormbox arg oy Surimsosuoo sonaye gy wnai-gg pure a Song 2 ger ( TEA eed) O72z' STs( wnnans me ) yo0y009 sven yo woryestenze}9q IT Uva ! 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OU}0 SORES, 210004 vViLLNOWO sen zz ‘eens deouug ‘o'd “Woody eoufumend § Te 5 82110 BeBe 28129900559 MYUNEVHLNYNVANEIEL “Weheqed (Og KERIOANT “12H UPL ON OL SCOCZE SOL LY ANN ‘OWN Hes zect Bupyng (wpu) seeusbu jo vopraRsUy soezoz 810008 VNLva ‘msg Rtasnpu Bande wisze 100r» UNdDYN eHeHI TedIRIOD ‘10OL3 PUEDES "BUIPROG LIN 300922 MONON S2EREZ "POU sOWRD ARN ‘wUOLIO wie PUNE “OOK PUE ‘VEMENG Wes 09 ‘500807 UNENVH “MOEN whepowes 'g BIW seezse 100208 UNIT ‘eweURS -o ‘SEW UEhIEZIUD "25-3 BBOb0Z 1000S GVEVECAH ‘Pact UMN Afedumn “Brew mds N71 ‘996-4 aus (800182 LYM ‘ouRr Aa tac ‘peou weg ON BEM Sie: 96.61 1-8 to0102 avaVIZYHD ‘PRON ‘rordwoo wines voesere 100121 GVEVOIUY ‘pee EINAREYY "Y 91 1018S ‘EF “ON 1k 220199 UOLYEWIOD 'PRow NeFeUy 079 sBupENG AIOE, zocor HOo1S2 UVMHSANVENHG "BEN BBueD A WN 'C9-29°ON Id $20” SS £0029" TWdOHE HORN ‘1:1 ‘PROM wprUEEHUG OOLS AS KaIdwWoD HOBIE ‘950095 3UOTVONVS ‘s96r ece ‘prow myuny-sroetueg ‘ems 181 "Sery TIASNPU wlaPOt er eh ose 10008 GVEVABNHY indueny Brey IpReUS poURRYOUUNN ‘edhe, :eeoWUO YouEA nario ez cee 1009 IYNNSHO ‘Peay 88010 Al ‘sndueD “L1'9 : weANOS ey 8c00 ‘22081 HUVIONVHO "Y-¥E 2985 ‘9ee-SCE OOS : WeELEN 79.98 LSE ¥O00OL VLLNOTV "FOORUEY PRO gil silts, eh sa pent foe or plot and i c compacted. into thou, with the exceason = lava ital is ech, yer bn Haake PB%p mimmptlatped Foss ncit of iio. arabose So Tha Boch taal Redbank over the sccace of layer. The operator aball ensure thatthe tobe of the cnn clon of soil 0 thatthe rammer always falls freely. ‘The asnout of TSpecication for compaction rarer fr soll tating15: 2720 (Pare 8) - 1983, used shall be sufficient to fill the mould, leaving not more than about 6mm to be struck off when the extension is removed (see Note $), ‘The extension shall be removed and the compacted soil shall be levelled off carefully to the top of the mould by means of the straightedge. The ‘mould and soil shall then be weighed nearest to 1 g (1). 5.1.3 The compacted soil specimen shall be removed from the mould and placed on the mixing tray. ‘The water content of a representative ‘Sample of the specimen shall be determined as ia 1S :2720( Part 2)- 1973. 5.14 The remainder of the soil specimen shall be broken up, rubbed through the 19-mm IS test sieve, and then mixed with the remainder fof the original sample, Suitable increments of water (see Note 5 )shall be Added successively and mixed into the sample, and the above procedure from operations 5.1.2 (0 5.1.4 shall be repeated for each increment of water added, ‘The total number of determinations made shall be at least five, and the moisture contents should be such that the optimum moisture content, at which the maximum dry density occurs, i within that range. 52 Soll Susceptible to, Crushing During Compaction (1t¢ Note under 4.1)— ‘The procedure is as follows 521 Five oF more 25 ky samples of air-dried soil pasing the 1®-mm IS sieve, shall be taken (‘ee Note |). The samples shall each be mixed thoroughly with different amounts of water to give a suitable range of moisture contents (see Notes 2 and 5). The range of moisture content, ‘At which the maximum dry density occurs, is within that range (see Note 5). 5.2.2 Each sample shall be treated as in 5.1.2. 5.2.3 Each specimen shall be treated as in 5.1.3. * 5.24 The remainder of each sol specimen shall be discarded 5.3 Compaction in Large Size Mould —For compacting soil ‘containing coarse material up to 37°5 mm. size, the 2250 cm* mould should be ued. A sample weighing about 30 kg and passing the 37°5 mm TS sieve is used for the vest. Soil is compacted in five layers, each layer being given 55 blows of the 4-9-kg rammer. ‘The test of the procedure the same as in Sor 5.2. Nore 1 —The removal of nal! amouns of stone (upto 5 percent) retained on ‘4 hmm 15 seve will tect the deny obtainable Oaly by amounts comparable Tifetiods often for wi: Part 2 Determination of water conten (stad rina). 6 swith the experimental cert involved in measuring the ovanimum ‘Eelaion ofa. large propration of sone cour than mae ‘ect om the density sbitned compared with that obtaoable with toll as awe, Sn a"the optimus mouure content” ‘There eat prevent mo generally accepted fethod vol test of calculation for dealing’ with thir diffeaty in Corparing Itboratory compaction tex result wih, dette obtained inthe Bld. Fe ae Nore 2—The amount of water to be mixed with siratied soil at the commencement of wil vagy with the typeof roil under tert im genet, - i's molnure content ef 3 0'5percent would be Sable! ile with cohesive soll a mote content about 12 to 18 percent below the Plastic tis imporane tha the water thoroughly and adequately act inadequate mixing gies rive to vacable text rely as Pariculary important wit cobeaive soll when adding = subrtantal quantity of Slee of heh panel, cree had mang ripe the water unifrnly though the adele {iby mixiog alone, and may be necemary to store the mized maple i's seled Coutnet fork miiiaam period of bost 1 hours before continuing with the te. ag NOZE A I scary coir he oa alms of i compacted sinc i fom found. thar the oun ofl arc of alice removing fs extension {oo great, che tes rele wl be inncourate id The water added for each sage of the test should be such that a tang of cit conta Sbioed whined the opdmam tate Th (ener increments of 140.2 percent are sieable for sandy and gravelly ole SEv'e'd percent for conc sos To sear the wcoety of evar ko ken Sdviable fo reduce the Increments of water n the fegiow of the optisnum moisture 6. CALCULATIONS 6.1 Bulk Density — Bulk, density, tin, in_gjem* of each compacted specimen shal be calculated from the equation: - ss Yn = ‘mass in g of mould and base; mass in g of mould, base and soil; and Vin = volume in em? of mould. 62 Dry Density —The dry density, 7, in glem, shall be calculated from the equation 100 im z 100 + w where w = moisture content of sil in percent. 71812720 (Part 8) - 1983 6.3 The dry densities, 4 obtained in a series of determinations shall be plotted against the corresponding moisture contents t&. A smooth cures shall be drawn through the resulting points and the positon of the ‘maximum on this curve shall be determined. 7. REPORTING OF RESULTS 7.1 ‘The experimental points and the smooth curve drawn through them showing the relationship between moisture content and dey dentty shall be reported. 7.2 The dry density in gicm? corresponding to the maximum point an the moisture content/dry density curve shall be reported as the mraimurn dry density to the nearest 0-01. 13 The percentage moisture content corresponding to the maximum ay density om the moisture conten dey deqhiy cute shal be seta 25 the optim moisture content and quote to tne nears OS fr vol below 8 percent tothe nearest 0 for values fom to perce ae ne the nearest whole number for value exceeding’ 10° pardons (ass Wore under 7.5 ). = : 74 ‘The amount of sone retained on the 19-mm IS sieve shall be reported to the nearest 1 percent, 25 The method of obtaining the result shall be stated, (49+bg rammer method )."“The procedure used shail ako be sated thst { saghe teenie oreparie sample and the se of the mould wed aa Et pvp hn rh nny seuded and cours cleen sands the Tesuls of he laboratory cotton faimmer “method ‘may proviie only a poor guite he greta Goad ampaction The laboratry tent often indicates Bgher wlucah neatons 230K fenttt than would be desirable fore compactian andthe nengenean a ‘a iten much lower than the wate of compacto, that Can rads be bese ane ( Crtined fom page 2) Mente Aware Rematcs Orncen it Raniae Raasanen Orricen GRD) (erat) Dmosy Daseron Reseance Tein), ROO Soon Dinecron Resnanon (GET), RDSO ( Alurnate} Dunnoton Darory Diascyon (Alternate) Smet HK Gom Sia NN. Buarracuanaya oui Da Gorat Reawsax DrS.G. Manoa (Alternate) sans Ke Guumatt aicarin Rao Lx-Gon, V-K, Kansrxas Saar MD. Naum Paor T.S, Naoamas (dltenate) 1 12720 ( Pare 8)-1983 Reprseting Ierigation Department, Government of Puna, Irrigation ‘Department, Government of uae radeth, Luchnone Ministry of (Centzat Soil and Materials Research Station, New ‘Detht Geologist Syndicate Private Limited, Caleuta Universiy of Roorkee, Roorkee se cr tet Sts eee seater, iar= INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM OF UNITS (SI UNITS} ” eee tate easier" ara oan oveIS : 2720 Part 13 )- 1986 Indian Standard METHODS OF TEST FOR SOILS PART 13 DIRECT SHEAR TEST ( Second Revision ) Soil Engineering Sectional Committee, BDC 23 Chairman Repreting 22 sues H.C. Vena All India tostcument Reser, ‘Associaton, Ba Members Swat HK Guus ( Alernate to ‘Suit © Verma) Anomronst Dinkcron CGE), Minty of Ratways “ret Gutcron (OE) ( Alermae) < De atin sven niverity of toshpur,Jodhp Bishi avin agoaring Reserel Laborsore, Goverment RKB ceatai pling Research tnt mR De RK. Buanoane tel Bui tte ca auld (sR, Sama 8K Koss ¢ Alternate) cuter Exons CPR) Ieignton Deparment, Government of Pai, Drngcroe (Das) (Altera ) pen Cue Public Works Department, Goverment of Uta ‘Paget Daruzy Drscron (R )( Altente) Suit fc Venotias CHODOK "RS. Engines Private Limited, Madras Stat € 8: Dam Howe (lode) Private Liste, Rew D&thi "Sn. Vi Morr (Alternate) sunt A’: Dasmoan 16 personal capacity (8 Hungerford Court 1211 “Hungerford Sire, Caeata) (Continued on pate 2) Chairman for the {in which thie standard was recommended for nant meeting in which this standard ie (© Copyright 1987 BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS This, publication, protected under the Indion Coporight Act (XIV of 1957, and {eproducton in whole or in pat by any means except with weten permisign tbe publisher shall be deemed tobe a inagement of Copyright under the said ACL1S: 2720( Part 13) - 1986 (Continued rom page 1) Members Representing ‘Sm N. V. DeSouse CCemindia Company Limited. Bombay Drnrcon (Central Soi and” Materials Reventeh Staton, ‘New Delhi Derory Danecron (Alternate ) Duteeron (IRI) Ivieation Department, Government of Uttar Pradesh, Roorkee Sia A. H. Dvanut ‘Asia "Foundations “and Construction (Private) ‘Limited; Bombay Si A, N.Jascus ( Alienate) Da Gorat Ravaas Univenity of Rootkee, Roorkee; and Tastiut of ‘Engiecrs (India), Ceuta Sams M. tvewonn Engineers Inds Limited, New Delhi Sit Assoe K Jane GUS" ta and Associates, New Debi ‘Sunt Vuay K- dun (Alernare) Sunt A.V. SR Murry India Geotechnical Society, New Delhi Shin To: Navataan Coa ead Recarch NTaire (SIR , Suns Rast Sinost Ministy of Defence (R&D ) ‘SHAE V. B. Gnoarane (Alierate ) DG. V. Rao ‘odian Institue of Techaology, New Delhi Dx K. K. Gurr ( Alterare) Resecnesi Omncn (BARREL) Publis Works Department, Gosernmeat of Pusja Coandigat SucReraRy Cental Boatd of Irrigation and Power, New Delhi Digecron (C) (Alienate) Suit NeSwacone Roads Wine, Ministry of Shipping and Transport ‘Sins U. Savant (Alternate) Danson Jadavpur University, Caleta Sana KS Stvasan National Budings Organon, New Delhi ‘Sum Suwo. Benny (Alternate sith Sinmaaaras > Kamataka Enpineting Research Station, Govern tment of Karastaha, Krsarajmag (Cou R. R-SuoKDsona Minky of Defence (Eogiectin Chios Branch ) Si Jone (Aernae subnmnnsne Emme (FAD) Public Works Department, Government of "Fant Reda acurve Escinaes (SMRD) (Alene Sit ea eNO sr nea, BS (Eafe Member) Biron (Ch Ene) Secrets sine KM, Manion Ioit Diresos (Cv Eas), BIS ( Contimed on page 12) 1S: 2720 (Part 13) - 1986 Indian Standard METHODS OF TEST FOR SOILS PART 13 DIRECT SHEAR TEST ( Second Revision } 0 FOREWORD 0.41 This Indian Standard ( Part 13 ) (Second Revision ) was adopted by the Indian Standards Institution on 28 August 1986, after the draft finalized by the Soil Engineering Sectional Committee had been approved by the Civil Engineering Division Council. (02 With a view to establishing uniform procedures for the determination (of various characteristics of soils and also to facilitate comparative study of the results, this standard is being published, in various parts. This standard ( Part 13 ) deals with the method for direct shear test of soils. 03 Depending upon the, application of shear loud the diet shear test, is of two types, controlled. stress and contiolled strain. The controlled strain fest is simpler and provides accurate results and is, therefore, recommended. (04 This standard was fist published in 1965. end subsequently revised in 1972. Ia this revision, proveions regarding te roqiremeats for equipment hve been deleted as these have now been covered in detal ins: 11299- 1935s. Opportunity has also besa taken to make the requiements Up-o- date in Feapest of prosedute forthe ts, based on the experience gained ia the use of this teat by various laboratories in the past years, 5 For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with, th final value, observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test or analysis, shall be ‘rounded off in. accordance with IS :2-1960%. The number of significant places retained in the rounded off value should be the same as that of the specified value in this standard. pecction To shear bor for eating of soils ‘Rls for rounding off aumerical value (reve 3IS: 2720 ( Part 13) - 1986 1. SCOPE 4 This standard ( Part 13 ) covers the methods for determination of shear strength of soil with a maximum particle size of 475 mm in undrained, ‘consolidated undrained and consolidated drained conditions. Nort— The undeained test can be perormed only for highly impermeable clays When sity clays and sits are fovolved,partl drainage sieviable Ths fact ‘Should be recoglaed ‘wile interpreting the reals 2, TERMINOLOGY 2.1 For the purpose of this standard, definition of terms given in IS :2809- 1972* shall apply. 3. APPARATUS 3. The shear box grid plates, porous stones, base plates, and loading pad. ‘and water jacket shall conform to 1S : 11229-1985. 3.2 Loading Frame — It shall satisty the following requirements: 1a) The vertical stress on the sample shall remain vertical and constant during the test and there shall be arrangement to measure compres- 'b) The shear stress or strain can be applied in the dividing plane of the two parts of the shear box. ‘) It shall be possible to maintain a constant rate of increase in stress during the test (irrespective of the strain rate ) with arrangement to ‘et diferent rates of stress increase. 4) In case of @ strain-controlled apparatus, the strain rate should remain constant itespective of the stress. Suitable arrangement shall be provided to obtain different strain rates. ©) No vibrations should be transmitted to the sample during the test and there should not be any loss of shear force due to friction between the loading frame and the shear box-container assembly. 33 Weights — for providing the required normal loads, if necessary. ‘Glossary of terms and symbols relating to engineering (frst revision ). 5 Specitcdion for shear Box for testing 8 sls 4 1S: 2720 (Part 13) - 1986 34 Proving Ring — force measuring of suitable capacity, fitted with iat gauge accurate to 0-002 mm te measure the shear forse * Nove — For normal testing. proving-tngs of 100 t0 250 kg capacity, depending ‘on the typeof ti tad the ttl lad the splurge anay WS oad = 35 Micrometer Dial-Gauges — accurate to 0°01 mm; one suitably mounted io. measure horizontal movement and. the other suitably ‘mounted. to measure the vertical compression cf the specimen. 36 Sample Trimmer or Core Cutter 327 Stop Clock 38 Balance — of | kg capacity, sensitive 0.04 3.9 Spatula and a Straight Edge 4. PREPARATION OF SPECIMEN Y 4.1 Undisturbed Specimens — Specimens of required size (22 BE prepared inscbrdance with I" 2100 (Part 983 422 Remoulded Specimens 8) Cohesive soils may be compacted to the required density and moisture content, the sample extracted and then trimmed to the required size, Alternatively, the soil may be compacted to the Fequired density and moisture content directly into. the shear box afer fing the thas ofthe shear box togsher by means of the ining screws. 'b) Cohesionless soils may be tamped_ in the shear box itse with the base plate and grid plate or porous stone as required in place at the Dottom of the box. 43 The cut specimen shall be weighed and trimmings obtained during Cctting shall be used to obtain the moisture content. Using this information, the bulk dry density of the specimen in the shear box shall be determined. 5. PROCEDURE 5.1 Undrained Test — The shear box with the specimen, plain grid plate fover the base plate at the bottom of the specimen, and plain grid plate at Coa ofS sot: Pat Pepraon of drys samp for various tet cond revisionIS : 2720( Part 13 )- 1986 the top of the specimen should be fitted into position in the load frame. ‘The serrations. of the grid plates should be at right angles to the dicection of shear ( se2 Note ), The loading pad should be placed on the top gtid plate. The water jacket should be provided so that the sample does not get dried during the test. The requiced normal steess should be applied and the rate of longitudinal displacement shear stress application so adjusted that no drainage cin occur in the sample during the test. The upper part of the shear box should be raised such that a gap of about 1 mm is eft between the two parts of the box. The test_may now be conducted by applying horizontal shear load to failure or to 20 percent longitudinal displacement, whichever occurs first. The shear load readings indicated by the proving ring assembly and the corresponding longitudinal displacements should be noted at regular intervals. If necessary, the vertical compression, if any, of the soil specimen may ‘be measured to serve as a check to ensure that drainage has not taken place from the soil specimen. At the end of the test, the specimen should be removed from the box and the final moisture content measured. A minimum. of three ( preferably four ) tests shall be ‘made on separate specimens of the same density ute ooe snes se moe for the wie a, pln ps of {a the sample a the middle of is ticknes. pane 52 Consolidated Undrained Test — The apparatus should be assembled in away similar to that given in 4 except that instead of the plain grid plates, perforated grid. plates and saturated porous stones should be used {tthe top aad bottom ofthe specimen. The procedure is same. asin 4 ‘except that after the application of normal sttess, the vertical compression fof the soil with time should be recorded { see I$: 2720 ( Part 15-1986" |. ‘The shear test should be conducted only after complete consolidation has occurred under the particular normal stress. ‘The rate of shear should be Such that water does aot drain from the specimen atthe time of applica: tion of the shear load. At the end of the test, the specimen should be removed feom the box and the fal moisture. content’ measured. A minis mum of three ( preferably four ) tests should be made on separated Specimens ofthe same density at different mormal stresses 5.3 Consolidated Drained Test —- The shear box with sample and perforated gid plates and porous stones should be fitted into the Joad frame as in 42, After application of normal stress which is done in increments [ see 1S: 2720 (Part. 15)-1986* J, the sample should be allowed to consoli- date, When the consolidation has completely occurced, the shear test should be done at such a slow rate that at least 95 percent pore pressure ~*Mfathods of st Tor Soils: Patt 1S Determination of consolidation properties (first revision) 2720 (Part 13) - 1986 dissipation occurs during. the test in this calculated time factor (see AAppendin A). At the end. of the test the specimen should be removed from the box and’ he Gaal moist covtent messed. A\ minimum ot three (preferably four tests should be made on separate specimens of ‘the same density at different normal stresses. pest 54 The normal sreses to be selected for the test should correspond to the field conditions and design requirements 6. CALCULATIONS AND REPORT 64 Aes GL Rests of tet shall be score stably, A recommended rest or ect tans he Arent 6:12 From sal nation chart ofthe roving the load cone pence OTe Eg od ig a tad, SARA oH als SObutatedti ded te contd conettnl stud tc eines gate leans he tle ne cone SLUT SRTEN lad om he hone cae 2 coneced atea = 4o( 1-3) wes 4 = il tn of he specimen nc, and 2S dope ino 6.1.2.1 The longitudinal displacement at a_ particular either noted directly from the strain dial readings or calculi [product of the corresponding time reading and the strain rate, allowing for the compression of the proving-ring, where applicable. The stress- Tongitudinal displacement readings should be plotted and the maximum stress and corresponcing longitudinal displacement together with the normal Toad applied during the test recorded ( see Note. Nore — In. general fallure in direct shear may_be considered 1 ake place citheya¢ mantt seat of atthe manu Qbliquity of te Mor failure ‘envelope. it'the fore is amumed to take pace st manimom shear and not at maximus biguity the angle 9 heating festance thos obtained will be smaller, giving 40 frrot i'any, onthe safe side. t shoul however, be noted that diflernecs inthe Salus ‘of he ‘angle of shearing resistance. obtaibed by tsing the two. cetera ‘mentioned above afe ore important fr sands chan for clays. 6.1.2.2 The maximum shear stress and the corresponding longitudinal displacement and. applied normal stress should be recorded for each test land the results should. be presented in the form of a graph in which the applied normal stress is plotted as abcissa and the maximum shearing stress 71S: 2720 ( Part 13) - 1986 is plotted as ordinate to the same scale. The angle which the resulting straight line makes with the'horizontal axis and. the intercept which the straight line makes with the vertical axis shall be reported as the angle of shearing resistance and cohesion intercept respectively ( see Note ). Novis Te pommel asemtinan shear ros ilaoip may ot to straight Tipe tn all ‘eases. Ta such eases, ranctrs may be obtaie “drawing a tangent fo the normal ates expected inthe eld. 6.13 In the case of the consolidated undrained and consolidated drained tests, the load at which the specimen is consolidated and the consolid characteristics as determined during the consolidation part of the test should also be reported, APPENDIX A ( Clause 53 ) RATE OF SHEAR FOR CONSOLIDATED DRAINED TEST ‘Ac. RATE OF STRAIN forciney sols’ rate of stain of OO! mimi of Howey may be wed Dut actual rate of strain suitable for the soil under test may be ascertained asin ALLL, 1 From the consolidation data collected, the compression dial should be plotied against the logarithm of time and from this curve; the, value of ‘ceficient of consolidation, Cy, should be computed from the formula «= a1 where ° 2h = intial thickaess of the specimen, and ‘= time corresponding to 80 pereent consolidation. Ack? The requisite tine to failure when theoretically 95 percent dissipation is ensured, may be obtained from the following equation: ra 2e "= TOU = Oey “Fey TS : 2720 ( Part 13 )- 1986 where 2h = initial thickness of the specimen, n = a constant for drainage from both ends = 3, and Uc = degree of pore pressure dissipation, Lime to failure, From a knowledge of approximate strain expected at failure, the rate of strain for the test may be calculated. In. the case of cohesive soils, the failure may be assumed as taking place at 5 percent deformation, APPENDIX B xe cons. (Clause 6.1.1) PROFORMA FOR RECORDING TESKESULTS Ne Project___ Location of samy Bore hole No._ _ Proving-ring/load cell No. Calibration curve Load-hanger lever ratio *Rate of stra Soll Specimen Measurements Dimensions__ ‘Atea of specimen__ Thickness ‘Volume of specimen, Initial wet weight of specimen_ Moisture content__ Bulk density, Final wet weight of the specimen, Moisture content at shear zone__ Consolidation Hanger load ___ Applied tond_ ‘Normal stress (Average of, WShould be decided after analyzing consoidation-ime data in the case of dined teats1S : 2720 ( Part 13)- 1986 1S : 2720( Part 13 )- 1986 vein amraw | wang onaa ensleong os [wen | ow aueiwoa syreuy | sare yeutd | J2req4 (entuy synsoy jo Azewmng ‘uawiooejdsip aways Buypuodsa1s0 (4 ue ‘ssons se94s WAUIXEYY (© ‘puy pur axino uswod¥|dsip s2aqs-ssans SEOYS 101d ‘so poutap Jo sets au ut ep sup-voupyosuos SuRKTEHeJ9YY PEPE 2a PINTS | sous ] sar uowpeds | ayia | Supeou -pooy| vay | aon | ¢ ypvoy | mL, yo | wa | rq | ssens| cova] iia | pe _|-s0u09) ‘ew aout pus souyoraz | amm2a| yet, | a¥ous | avoys | sans |-weueg) waxy |-omdia | sea] oma ues ‘Butseaqs Jo or aBeig Suuoqs, uaumpods, souareyt Supe. om, Jossouyoms | reid yeoman | yea eom9A, paw ie1S: 2720 ( Part 13) - 1986 (Continued from page 2) Soil Testing Procedures Subcommittee, BDC 23 : 3 Comener Representing Da Aus Siicit Univesity of Jodhpur, Jodhpur Members Assistayr Restancu Orvicen _Irigation Department, Government of Punjab CHPRE) ‘Chandigars AssstaNt RESEARCH Ovricee, IRI Irrigation ‘Department, Government of Utta Pradesh Sing A. K, Cuaruaveot Ministry of Defence ( Engincer-in-Chie's Branch Vanbanasas (Alternate ) Dery Dineerox (GEA). Ministry of Railways ‘ARO (GE) ( Alternate} Dateeron Central Soil and Materials. Research. Station Derury Daeecron ( Alternate ) Dx Gora Rawan ‘De SC: Hans ( Alernate) Sung HG Geologists’ Syndicate Private Limited, Cleuta ‘Suri N. N: Brearracuanva (Alternate) Dr Slash Ky Guusart “nda Institute of Technology, New Delhi ‘Stat M.D. Nam ‘Associated Instruments. Masuacturers (India "rivate Limited, New Del Por T.S. Naoasas (Alternate ) Sit P. aOANATHA Ra Cental Road Research Institute (CSIR ) ‘New Delt Sim U.N. Sue. Cental” Riding, Research towne (CSIR) Root Da N, Sox Jadavpur University, Caleutta ‘Di 8.C, Das (Aliernate ) 2OBE a6 saan18 12720 (Pale 14) - 1583 _ Indian Standard METHODS OF TEST FOR SOILS PART 14_DETERMINATION OF DENSITY INDEX (RELATIVE DENSITY) OF COHESIONLESS SOILS a First Revision ) Soil Engineering and Rock Mechanics Sectional Committee, BDC 23 Cheiman Represeting Dr Jaooten Nahant Amociation of Indian Universities, New Delhi Mendes Smut PD. Aeanveat Sunt B. Le Duan (Alurnate) Paor Atan Sivan ‘Sum Be Arstas Sua EM, Bewza ‘Sunt N.C, Drogas ( Altrate) Carer Exorwean (TPRLS Dunzomon (Dan) (Alten) see ERO 1 onl Gat "adn PaG.S.Dmsee sen et Ct new De Bast Seneca oe eee Bere Dasros (Amat) : ae ig peat, Goverment of Uta 'eiradeah, Roorkee fem AH. Drone sant facte tnd Conron(P) th stay Sen AM Jeroen oa Srna niyo Rw Bae Iie of : wpe ny, eat Sms. Cores com Spy ae Somky ‘Sunt N.V. DeSoven ( Alirnet) ( Contnied on page?) (© Gopright 1906 INDIAN STANDARDS INSTITUTION ‘Thin publication ia protected under the Indien Copyright det (XIV of 1957) and eproduction ia whole or in part by any ineansexFept with writen permision of the to be an infringement of copyright under the sad Act35 + 2720 ( Part 14) - 1983 (Cantina from pote 1) Members Repseing See Mo Ermone ocers India Limived, New. Delhi Sent Annor Ke Janne jain tnd Anwocines, Rocekee Spe Vis Jane (Aa) Jonge inikanen (GE), Ministry of Railways J Jowre Diasoros Ragmanox (Ge).I RDSO (Alurate} La.cot VK Kamrnrae Eagineeri-Ohiet's Beanch, Army Headquarters Saar 0.P. Matuorua Public Woria Department, Chantigars Adenia ‘ration, Chagas ‘Sua D.R, Nanamaat al Balding Rewarch tyne (CSIR), foorkee Sau V.$. Aoanwas.( Altea) Sunt TK. Navnasan ‘Comat Road Research Insite (CSIR), New ei Saat Ravate Sixou, Minitey ofDetenee (R&D) ‘Sir PD, Desnravne (Alternate) Dr Gri. Rao adian Tawieut of Technology, New Delhi Dn KK Gores (Alurate) Raseancn Orvicin (S& RRL) Pubic Works Departmen, Government of Puniab, ‘Chandignra Srongrany amas Huta Per, New Db SnaiN Srrgone Roads Wing ( Ministry of Shipping nd Transport eebnas Re Rea ( Arte) me nd i ni K. 5, Sainivasi National Buildings Organization, New Del ‘rae Sonn Bene (erste) a mK Sea Ipdapur University, Caleta Smut Somnacanraae Karmsiaka " Engiocering "Research Station, ‘rihnaranga Surzareroa Ewotn enn Pablc Work bepsriment, Governsient of Tamil Crepe, dor Mara ‘Bexoovies Exoneese (SMRD) Caen) sua Cera ‘A dia Tasroment Maoufacturrs and Deslee ‘Association, Bombay ctor General ISI ( Exafiio Monkr ) Sor Suna KM Maron Senioe Deputy Diecior (Civ Engg) ISL ‘Sust HK. Guna ( Alternate) Smut 6. Rawain, ‘Director (Cie Eogg ) Soil Testing Procedures Subcommittee, BDC 28 : 3 Comer Dx Auax Sivom University of Jodnpur, Jodhpur Mantes Sums Asean Seo Central Building Revearch Insticwe (CSIR), "Roorkee Sumt M.R.Sommza ( Alernte) (Catia on page 14) 1S +2720 ( Pare 14) - 1983 Indian Standard [ATIVE DENSITY ) OF COHESIONLESS SOILS ( First Revision ) 0 FOREWORD 0.1 This Indian Standard (First Revision) was adopted by the Indian Standards Institution on 28 November 1983, afier the draft finalized by the Soil Engineering and Rock Mechanics Sectional Commitee had , ‘been approved by the Civil Engineering Division Council. 02 This pare deals with the method for the determination of density Index (relative density of cohesoniest ane: For cobesiontees sels nthe ‘natural or artiflally compacted siatebeithcr the actual density (or void Tatio) nor the actual demsity express 2 a percentage of the maximum Gensity give an exact idea of the compactness ofthe soi, ‘The concept ‘of densify index {relative density) gives practically waeful-‘measure o ‘Soreenme-te TENTED properties of such wily are dependent on factors ies of such toils are dependent on factors Tike gesin siz ditribuon and shape of indicidual particles, Deny index (relative density is ako affected by thee factors and serves a8 Daramater to correlate properties of rolls, Various soll properten, such Er" penetration resistance, compresibily, compaction frction’ angle, permeability and California beating ratio’ are’ found to have. simple Felationships with density index (relative density ). 0.3 This standard was first published in year 1968. ‘This revision has been prepared s0 as to give more details of vibratory table, deletions of specifications of moulds and its assembly, which are being published separately in detail, and adding an alternative method using vibratory 04 For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with, final value, observed or calculated, expressing result of a testy shall be rounded off in accordance with 18: 2-1960* ‘The number of significant places retained in rounded off value should bbe the same as that of the specified value in this standard. "Vite for rounding off america vals (eid) 315 12720 ( Pare 14) - 1983, 1. SCOPE L.A This part ( Part 14) covers the principal and alternative laboratory. methods for the determination of the density index (relative density ) of Cohesionless free draining soil. 2. TERMINOLOGY 2.0 For the purpose of this standard, the following definition shall apply. 21 Density Index, I, (or Relative Density D,)/—The ratio of the difference beween the void ratio of a cohesioniess soil in the loosest state fand “any given void ratio to the difference between its void ratios in the Tooses: and in the densest states, 3. PRINCIPAL METHOD USING VIBRATORY TABLE 3.1 Apparatas ibratory Tabe—a steel table with a cushioned steel vibrating ‘75cm. ‘The vibrator should have a net mass of over ‘The vibrator shall have a frequency of 3600 vibrations per minute, a vibrator amplitude variable between 0°05 and 0°65 mm in steps of 005 10 0°23 mm, 0°25 to 0-45. mm and 0°45 to 0°65 mm under a kg load and shall be tuitable for use with a 415-V three phase supply. BAR Mould ~ With Guide Sleeve —c moulds of $000 em? and 15.000 em! ‘equirements a8 given in IS: 10837-1984" indrical metal unit mass ‘capacity conforming to the 3.1.3 Surcharge Bate Plates with Handle ~ one surcharge base plate 10 mm in thickness for eich size mould conforming to requirements given in 1S: 10837-1984", B.A Surcharge Masses —one surcharge mass for each size mould conforming to requirements given in IS 10837-1984. 3.1.5 Dial Gauge Holder — conforming to requirements given in IS : 10837-1984*.. 3.1.6 Dial Gauge —50 mm travel with 0025 mm graduations (see 15: 2092-1962 ). 3.1.7 Calibration Bar — of metal and 75 x 300 x 3 mm in size peciicaion for moulds and accemories for determiaation of density index (relative deasiy| of cohesion 0 ‘Specification for dial guage, 1S : 2720 (Part 14)-1983 3.1.8 Pouring Devices — consisting of funnels 12 mm'and 25 mm in diameter and. 15 em long, with eylindrical spouts and lipped brims for ‘attaching (0 15 em diameter and 30 em high etal cans 3.1.9 Mixing Pans — suitable size are 60 » £0 cm and 10 em deep and 40 40 em and 5 em deep. 3110 Weighing Scale — portable platform scale, 100 kg cap: sitivity of 20 g in accordance with IS: 1435-1960 ty with SAL Hoist ~ suitable hoist of at least 135 kg eapzeity BAZ Metal Hand Scoop BAB Bristle Brush 314 Tining Device — indicating in minutes and seconds. SALAS Motel Straight Edge — about 40 em long, BAAG Micrometer — 0 to 25 mm, accurate to 0025 mm. 2 Calibration — The volume of the mould should be determined by rect measurement (3.2.1) and checked by filling with water (3.2.2). he initial dial reading for computing the volume of the specimen ‘ould be determined as provided in 3.2.3. B21 Determination of Volume by Direct Meosurement — The average inside ameter and height of the mould should be mneasured (o 0-025 mu, lume of the 3.000 em? mould should be calculated to the neavest 3 n.? 1 that of 13 000 cm* mould to the nearest 30 em’. The average inside ‘oss-sectional area of the mould should also be calculated in square aimetres. 3.2.2 Determination of Volume by Filling with Water — "The mould should e filled with water and a glass plate should be slid carefully over the tp surface of the mould in such a manner as to endure that the mould ‘completely filled with water. ‘The temperature of the water should be reasured and the mass in grams of the water filling the mould should edetermined. ‘The volume of the mould should be calculated in bic centimetres by multiplying the mass of water by the volume of ‘ater per gram at the measured temperature. 323 Determination of Initial Dial Reading for Computing the Volumes of the ecimen — ‘The thickness of the surcharge base plate and the calibration far should be measured to 0025 mm using a micrometer. 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PONE JO Tt 90} Uy sven soa 439 Ba gos onjomyg “aueored 6.0 momes soem OI ETS FUT (est = ARK 3) ORLT* ST-syen potnp Jo sn 300 ws =pHOK ineg Jo 8 46.08 oHomG “HIN H " Se — a $2.39 fom — 10 — syroyy Buunsooyy HE 1 wonnjos unnseq syqhyorur Yodn spuedap poqou: (aonzay xuyraisans) co} Joy usqe2 uopngos ou. ur pourerU0D pure ‘orendpoaad 1A cog = ser fg amd “(Yo fae) eng (4 Bh sray em fa send Pos somos ee eon 19 seonerorg 9't L061 ~ (HAXX 38a) 0702 Stann prs) 9m fs 205 so10m 29) voneaytndst “oroadne Sopendioand 205 pom Aenioe wnueq HN =~ = ‘Tom ang. yoren TE 05 3909 Pomnett om Aq pouege mouse om tos op om wroraayp err Ke “Stor st mr) ote PoE Pow ee oy Boymoyuco) 1B ds poy se ied ave) 2 Jap oe oy aN “(888-0 Le61~ (AXX 37a) 0717" STa8 Jo 8a 09.0 — exer, 1)? 3a 90-9 208 21 oman mung wma ToS “Te ose — rng pormED ETE suemddy 1p (qonzaw xuvrarsans) COHLAN OFMLEMIGIEUAL UO ONILEWTOTOD “+ L161 * (AX ¥¥A) 0207 SIpapery oommegey gare wey FoI Rapes (2080 wp 261 -(IAKX 98a) O22! 81awowonva bocce ‘enn wemunicory 1 99 606 200000 IvaRINH 'PROL WeID “requ eb seo ze ises aie soz se ove peers hoczee unaivr "swoH2s-o s00008 avaVUSAAH ‘POR LoHS AedweN ‘Bieyy SOOIRL UVHYMND ‘euTAG Was PEOY ENED {01¥9 BYOIVEWIOD ‘ECU He 00182 BYMHSSNVENHG 'RBEN Bue nous 010102 avAVEIH¥S "Pory PrRErpUI PEqDGRIES 'I US “OZ ON Old xcero, Aaoqesogey peau (ooo 1 04 voursoo) gewmeRUNH | WLeL zeeseze 11 16 "ssceEze 1 16 ‘2o0reze 14 18 ‘2or8 fae 'S4EE eC "LC10 Eze ‘suse, 200014 TIO MN ‘OW AFEZ YRUS INpEUER & UerOUG MOH ‘saenbpeee ‘SCUVONVIS N¥ION! 40 nvauNE.1S : 2720 ( Part XXvIll ) - 1974 (Reatfemed 1995 ) Indian Standard METHODS OF TEST FOR SOILS PART XXVIll DETERMINATION OF ORY DENSITY OF SOILS IN-PLACE, BY THE SAND REPLACEMENT METHOD ( First Revision ) Sixth Reprint AUGUST 1998. UDC 624.131.4315 © Copyright 1974 BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDAR MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR M/ [NEW DELHI 110002 ore1S: 2720 (Hart XXVUL) = 1974 Indian Standard METHODS OF TEST FOR SOILS PART XXVIII DETERMINATION OF DRY DENSITY © OF SOILS IN-PLACE, BY THE SAND REPLACEMENT METHOD Me ( First Revision ) Soil Engineering Sectional Committee, BDC 23 Charman Repecaing ror Dawes Mons Cestal Baildiog Revatch Tostiate (CSIR), ‘Roorkee Set G. RS. Jove (Alera to ‘rot Dine Mohan) Pop Ata Sot airy of fot, fadpar Dr A'Bawentee Gineataton Go hed Bombay Siar’ Gorn (Alma) swat 8: Daore. In personal capacity ( P-820 Naw Alor, Caleta 53) ‘Sins A'G: Daron HiuSonan Conseracson Co, Bombay ‘Shin RL: Dew Teigation Research Teottte, Koga, Patna Dros. Dion Indian Geotechnical Soctety New Dah Doscron Tacan Fstiate of Tecnology, New Deb "Pror S.K. Gransrt (Alumate) Daseror Ircigation & Power Reseach Toate, Amita "Sint BL Raaewson (Alri Doizeron (8 Mi ‘Cetral Water & Power Commision, New Delhi ‘Bivecs Dnecron (CS & MRS). (Alte) suns A Deon ‘Rotig Foundation Engincring Lid; and Haraat & o, Bombay py AN Janene (Alirste) sunt Vs Ge Beane [Natona! Buildings Organization, New Deth ‘San Pr Seana (Alente) x Iona Att Engineering Research Laboratory, Hyderabad Sat eR Sexcx (Alirnate) Jour Draratow Rocanett (FE), RalWay Board (Minisey of Railways) Koso. Devore Dinscrox Resanem, ‘So Mectaics, DSO (Alene ) (Contin on page?) © Conyrighr 1974 BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS is protected under the Indion Copyright det (XIV of 1957) and role or im par by sy means except with writen ermisnow of ne ‘uliser shal be deemed to be an ileingemeat af copyright under the said Act1812720 ( Pare XXVIM) - 1974 (Contin from pe 1) Moone Government of Punjab Se ee oe maneramien Samrat pees sung A Binere AE) acre Amocation of Idi, Bosbay sunt FC Ravana Central Road Reearch Leste (CSIR), New Dei Riticcn Ome Balding Rents Recareh:(sboretiny Publ ie ‘Works st, Goverment of Puiab Hines Branch, Army Headquarter Sromeray ‘Central Board of Irgation & Power, New Delhi ‘Darory Secarrans (Alerts) Dx Stuesten Pract Usivenity of Rooslee, Rootkee Sau HD, Sanaa Irrigation Research Intute, Roorkee Soreancewomo Bones (Pax. Gontrete & Sol Rexearch Laboratory, Public Works ‘po & Dastow Circus) eat, Goverment of Tamil Nad Inaitiou of Engineers (India), Caleta fan ‘Ai fsdi Toston (Manedesares& Dear Cee ‘Asociatcn, Bombay Sima V_K. Vasumevat (Alrnat) rena ‘Pale Works ny Goverament of Uttar ‘Sia HG. Vi Department bm cmv (Alia st Aga Mb cor Genera BI Eafe Mone Bicctr (Gv Bos) Senay Sims G. Raa Deputy Direc (Gv Boge) BS Soil Testing Procedures and Equipment Subcommittee, BDC 23:3 Cremer Pror Aue Sion Univety of Jodkpur, Jodhpur Montes, Sunt N. K Besar ‘Beas Das Project, Taare Towaip Dak Barone") coirat Road Reece Inte (CSIR), New Debi Roads Wing ( Mitr of Shipping & Transport) Public Works Department, Government of Utar "Frade Sitar, Ne Beenaaven ‘Sas A. 8 Boot (Alert) Da ATK Gurnee Da BL. Duawan (Altemte) RL ben Tegan Reach Inte, Khagsl, Poa Bimdon (Se as) ‘ TW Borer Soc Rew Bas ‘Bava Omeoon (C5 & MRS) len (Contd pte 21) AS: 2720 (Part XVII) - 1974 Indian Standard METHODS OF TEST FOR SOILS PART XXVIII DETERMINATION OF ORY DENSI OF SOILS IN-PLACE, BY THE SAND, REPLACEMENT METHOD ( First Revision ) 0. FOREWORD 0-1 This Indian Standard ( Part XXVIII) (First Revision ) was adopted by the Indian Standards Institution on 21 February 1974. after the dealt finalized by the Soil Engineering Sectional Committee had been approved by the Civil Engineering Division Council. 0.2 With a view to establish uniform procedures for the determination of different characteristics of soils and also for facilitating comparative stadiees of the results, the Indian Standards Institution is bringing out this Indiee Standard methods of test for soils (18:2720) which will be published in arts. This part{ 1S: 2720 (Part XXVIII) | deals with the determination Of dry density of soil, in-place, by the sand replacement method. “The inplace density of natural sol is needed for the determination of bear capacity of soils, for the purpose of stability analysis of natural slopes {ee the determination of pressures on underlying strata for calculation of settle, ‘ment, etc, In compacted soils the in-place density is needed to check the amount of compaction that the soil hat undergone for compatison with design data. ‘The correct estimation of the in-place density of both natural and compacted soils is therefore of imprtance. 0.2.4 This standard was originally published in 1966. In this revision the sieve size for defining fine-grained soils has been changed to.2 mm An appendix has been added for the determination of water content and dry density of medium- and coarse-grained soils containing appreciable gravel fraction 03 The aan eo eso Seion 1 prin ste il en Sn | recite Hy iy Pamela og ead Meta ndsse wlio fe eng 2 DR ak a ae ga Bo 31720 ( Part XXVHI)- 1974 0.3.1 Vor the purpose of teste described in thir standard soils shall be grouped av shown below Fine-grained soils Soils containing not less than 90 percent passing a 2-0-mm TS Bieve (ste 15! 460-1962" ) Medium-grained soils Soils containing not less than 90 percent passing a 20-mm IS Siewe (see IS = 460-1962" ) Soils containing not less than 90 percent pasing a 40-mm IS. Breve (ser IS 400-1962) Coarse-grained soils (0.4 ‘The other standards s0 far published relating to the determination of density of soi insplace are as follows: 15: 2790 (Part XXIX)-1966 Methods of test for soils: Pare XXIX Determination of dry density of soils in-place by the core cutter method 15:2720 (Part NXXI1)-1971 Methods of test for soils: Part ‘XXXII Determination of density in-place by the ring and ‘water replacement method 18:2720 ( Part XXXIV)-1972 Methods of test for soils: Part XXXIV Determination of density of soil in-place by the rubber- Baloon method 5 Inthe formulation ofthis standard doe weightage has boon given to 1 ne ra dn among the standards an pacts prevling Foe aon felaing i the practice i the Sed aifeent cout pon me! by ating te standard on the flow a BS 1377: 1961 Methods of testing soils for civil engineering purposes British Standards Institution nota, Misistay of Insioarion Axo Power. CBIP Publication No. ‘4p. Standards for testing toil, 1963. Central Board of Irrigation ‘and Power, New Delhi reporting the rule of test or analyis made in accordance with 98 Ta rportg ral value, observed oF calculated to be Founded {hs amc ne in accordance wilh 18: 2-1900h, ‘= Speication for tt eves (rsd). {Roles for rounding of mumerieal values (reed), 4 1S: 2720( Part XXVIII )- 1974 SECTION | METHOD SUITABLE FOR FINE. AND MEDIUM. GRAINED SOILS ; SMALL POURING CYLINDER METHOD 1. SCOPE, 1.1 This method covers the determination, in-place, of the dry densi in glem* or kg/m*) of natural or compacted fine” and medium-grain soils for which a small sand-pouring cylinder is used. ‘The method is applicable to layers not exceeding 150 mm in thickness (see Note )- Nore — With granular materia having lite or no cobeson, particularly when ‘are wer tere if danger of errors the feasarenent af dry dcity by hit ms ‘Theat ervom are caused by the sumping of thesides of the excavated. density bee and Maye resi in an overcamation of the deny 2. APPARATUS 2:1 Small Sand-Pouring Cylinder — similar in exential details to that shown in Fig. 1. 2.2 Tools for Excavating Holes — suitable tools, such at a scraper tool similar fo that shown in Fig. 2to make a level surfice; bent spoon, dibber shown in Fig. 2.3 Cylindrical Calibrating Container — with an intemal diameter of mn anda iicma depth of 150 min (ar Note ner 4.22) of the type illustrated in Fig. 4 fited with a fange approximately 50 mm wide Std about 5 min thick surrounding the open end. The volume of the ontainer should be given to an accuracy of 025 percent, 2.4 Balance — accurate to 1 g. 2.5 Plane Surface: Glas ‘about 450 or Perspex Plate or Other Plane Surface — square and 9 mm thick or larger. 2.6 Metal Containers —to collect excavated soil. A convenient size is one about 150 mm diameter and 200 mm deep with a removable 2.7 Cylindrical Steel Core-Gatter —of stecl, 12744 0-1 mm long fd (00 mane 0 tnmintereal dametr with s wall thins of 9 mud Beveled at one end. One mutable type fs iltatrated tn Fig. The cuter Thal be Lept adequately greased Z igs 2.8 Metal Tray with Hole — 300 mm square and 40 ne 100 mm hole in the centre.15:2720( Part XXVIII) - 1974 afelelele > tar wef we) aw Le pa aft |) | aio | 5] 0 | 0] 25 35 25 | 168 is dsign Bae been fue sficory, wot lective Giga ma cexployed, provided tat the quent requirements te failed di "lore f_2"Fnental dnensonr re soderined Rive 3 Tabeanec on cmcntal mcsecr Ll om, ‘All dines naire, Fro. 1 Saxo-Pourmo Crunoen ror sex Deremumamon or Demy BS: 2720 (Part XXVIIT)- 1974 Nora — This design has been found satisfactory, but alteraatve designe may be ‘All dimensions in mlimetres Fio, 3. Dinan ror Dioomo Dawarry Hous 71B; 2720 ( Part XXVIII) - 1974 1S: 2720 ( Part XXVIII) - 1974 ‘All dimension in milimetre Nort 1 —Thi drign has been found aisfictry, bt aleratve dig may be wlca and tery, fore 1 —"This design tatfactory, but alternative found saisactory, But ‘employed, provided hat re cuenta requirement ae ule Be ternative denigas may "be ‘Nore 2—Enental dimensions are undertine!. curter employed, provided that the Nota $ — Tolerance on ewential dimensions = 0-1 mm, = ‘All diessions in eilinetres, Fig. 4 Canmaarino Conrarnen ror Use wir Sua Pounma ‘Crnoes ‘Note $—Tolerance on er 5 seal dimensions 201 ma Fio, 5 Cons-Curren Apparatus ror Son. Densrry Dztensavarion 93512720 (Part XXVIMN) 1974 eos 3. MATERIAL (SAND) x 3.1 Clean, uniformly graded natural sand passing the 1-00-mm IS Sieve land retained on the 600-micron IS Sieve shall be used. It shall be free from organic matter, and shall have been oven dried and stored for a suitable period co alloy its water content to reach equilibrium with atmos pheric humidity (see Note) [Nove ~ Generally a storage period, after oven drying, of about 7 day is elit for the water conten ofthe rand "ofeach cquirium th dhe atmospheric uray ‘The'tand should not be nocd in air comainers and should be thoroughly mie UBlore ure sand is ulvaged from hale in compacted sls after earring out thet, “Taciable tasueve, dey nd store tha sand agin Before 1 ia tsed in further sand placement tee, 4. PROCEDURE, 4:1 Calibration of Apparatus 4.1 The method given in 4411.1 to 4.11.4 shall be fllowed forthe determination of the weight of sand in the eon of the pouring cylinder. 4.1.1. The pouring cylinder shall be filled so that the level of the sand in the cylinder i within about 10 mm of the top. ts taal inital ‘weight (17,) shall be found and shall be maintained constant throughout Thefts fo which the ealoration is used." A volume of sand equivalent to that of the excavated hole in th sll (or equal to that ofthe calibrate lng container) (se Note under 42.2) shall be allowed to run out of A Gpinder under gravity. ‘The shuiter om the pouting cylinder shall then be closed and the eytaer Paced on a plane srface, such ax 8 las plate 4411.2 The shutter onthe pouring cylinder shall be opened and sand allowed trun out. When no fther movement of sand takes place inthe Spinder the shutter hall be csed and the cylinder removed carey. 4.1.1.3 The sand that has filled the cone of the pouring cylinder (that 'sy the sand that islet onthe plane surface) shall be eoleted nd weighed tthe nearest gram 4.1.14 These measurements shal be repeated at least thee times and the mean weight (W) taken 4.1.2 The method deseribed in 4.1.2 to 4.1.2.3 shall be followed for the determination of the bulk density of the sand (y,)- 41.2.1 The internal volume (V7) in ml of the calibrating container shall be determined from the weight of water contained in the container ‘when filled to the brim (see Note | under 4.2.2). ‘The volume may also tbe calculated from the measured internal demensions of the container. 10 18: 2720( srt XXVIN) «1974 41.2.2 The pouring cylinder shall be placed concentrically on the to of the calibrating comtainer after being led to the constant weight (17) Sm 41.1 The shutter on the pouring cylinder shall be closed duribg this operation, ‘The shutter shall be opened and sand allowed to run out When no further movement of sand takes place in the eslinder the shutter shall be closed. ‘The pouring cylinder shall be removed and weighed to the nearest gram. 4.1.2.3 These measurements shall be repeated at least three times and the mean weight ( H,) taken (see Note) [Nove ~ Since vaiatios in atmospheric humidity allet the water content ofthe sac, and heace a ball deny, the calibration sult he msde | atleast checked) ding Gach day's works Tooveicome the c's slight saraions in grating. and Pan Shape Between Eatches af and, exch batch shoul be tapied and ealrated, 4.2 Measurement of Soil Density — The following method shall be followed for the measurement of soil density 4.2.1 A flat area, approximately 450 mm square, ofthe sol to be tested shall be exposed and trimmed down to a level surface preferably with the aid of the scraper tool. 4.2.2 The metal tray with a central hole shall be laid on the prepared surface of the soil ith the hole over the portion ofthe sil to be tested ‘The hole in the sil shall then be excavated tring the hole n the tray asa pattern, to the depth ofthe layer to be tested up to maximum of 150 mm UreeNote 1}. The excavated sil shall be carefully collected, leaving” no Iie materia in the hole and weighed othe nearest ram (Wa) The metal tray shall be removed before the pouting cylinder placed in position over the excavated hole. bad oo _he following alternative method shall be we for Sne-rained eohe- ‘The steel core cutter shall be pressed evenly and carefully into the soil until is top edge is flush with the levelled surface. Soil toa depth of TCO mm (ie Note 1) within the €ore cutter shall then be excavated by ‘means of suitable tools. The excavated soil shall be carefully collected and weighed to the nearest gram (Wy). ‘The core cutter shall remain jn position during the remainder of the testing procedure Nore 1 — I or any reason tis necessary to excavate the eles to depth other shan 130'mm, de ealrating container shouldbe replaced by oney the depo which the tame ale excavated or eine dep shuld be reduced t hat of te ole Nore 2 —Care shall be taken in excavating the hole 0 see that the hele is not ites oy levesing the ier agin the ie of he hoe Sth wl ea1S: 2720 ( Pare XXVIII) - 1974 4.2.3 The water content ( W’) of the excavated soil shall be determined by thesmethod specified in 1S! 2720 (Parc I1)-1973*. Alternatively the whole of the excavated soil may be dried and weighed ( Ws). 4.24 The pouring cylinder filled to the constant weight (Wi) as in 4.1.1 shall be so placed that the base of the cylinder covers the hole concentrically. The shutter on the pouring cylinder shall be closed during this ‘operation. ‘The shutter shall then be opened and sand allowed to run out into the hole. ‘The pouring cylinder and the surrounding area shall not be vibrated during thie period. When no further movement of sand takes place the shutter shall be closed. The eylinder shall be removed and weighed to the nearest gram (I,) (see Note } [Nove — is necenary tomate a numberof repeated determination (atleast three) and to average the fel snce the dry density of the msl varies appreciably fem port {elpoiat Tas number of determination shout be saeh thar an 4tiioal one would snake no sigaiican ference to he average 5. CALCULATIONS 5A The weight of snd ( W,) ing. required ofl the calibrating container Mall be calculated fom the flowing fmt We=W,— Wy Wy where W, = weight of pouring cylinder and sand before pouring into Calibrating contac in, W = mean weight of yiader with residual sand after pou Into calibrating container and cone ing, and ‘mean weight of sand in cone in g. 5.2 The bulk density of the sand (y,) in kg/m* shall be calculated from the formula: Ww, wa Fx 1000 where V = volume of calibrating container in ml. 5.3 The weight of sand ( , ) ing, required to fill the excavated hole shall bbe calculated from the following formula: Wye Wy We My Mchods of vat for sie: Part 11 Determination of water caatent (snd rio). 2 151 2720( srt XVI) - 1974 where WW, = weight of cylinder and sand before pouring into hole ing, W, = weight of cylinder and sand after pouring into bole and cone in g, and W, = mean weight of sand in cone in g. S.A ‘The bulk density ys, that is, the weight of the wet soil per cubic metre shall be calculated ffom the following formula: We . w= ye X kel where Wm weight of oil excavated in g, Wy = weight of sand required to fil he hole in g, and ye bull density of sand in kg/m. 5.5 The dry density ys that is, the weight of the dry soil shall be calculat- ced from the following formula: where w = water content of the soil in percent, W, = weight of dry soil from the hole in g, and W, = weight of sand required to fill the hole in g. 6. REPORTING OF RESULTS 6.1 The following values shall be reported: a) Dry density of eee Nel eae a ‘The diy density may falculated a ia glom® correct fe'the second place ofdecimal. 1b) Water content of the sil in percent reported to two significant figures. 6.2 The method used for obtaining the test results shall be stated as the sual pouring cylinder method.” The use of steel core cutter, ifmade, shall ako be mentioned G3 The resus of the ttt shall be recorded suitably. A recommended pro forma for the record ofthe txt results is given in Appendix A. 131S: 2720 ( Pare XXVIM)- 1974 SECTION 2. METHOD SUITABLE FOR FINE., MEDIUM. AND COARSE.GRAINED SOILS: LARGE POURING CYLINDER METHOD 7. SCOPE, 7.1 This method covers the determination, in-place, of the dry density (in glem? or kg/m?) of natural or compacted sil containing stones which ‘make the test of Section | difficult to. perform, ‘This is an alterqative method of test to Section I for fine- and medium-grained solle and should be used instead of that test for layers exceeding 190 mim but not exceeding 250 mm in thickness (er Note under 11). 8. APPARATUS 48.1 Large Sand-Pouring Cylinder that shown in Fig. similar in the essential details to 8.2 Tools for Excavating Holes — suitable tools, such as bent spoon, ibber (‘ee Fig. 3), large screw driver, pointed steel rod about 300 mm long and 5 to 10 mm dia with a wooden handle, 8.3 Cylindrical Calibrating Container — with internal diameter of 200 mm and an internal depth of 250 mm (vw Note | under 422) of the type illustrated in Fig. 6 uted with a flange 75 mm wide and about 5mm thick surrounding the open end. The volume of the ‘container should be given to an accuracy of O'15 percent 34 Bal: 8.5 Plane Surface —a glass plate or other plane surface about 600 mm. square and 10 mm thick or larger. yee — accurate to Ig. 8.6 Metal Containers —to collect the excavated soil and to take the supply of sand to fill the pouring cylinder. This may be provided with 2 Suitable cover. 8.7 Metal Tray with Central Hole — a metal tray 450 mm. square ‘and 50 mm deep with a 200 mm dia hole in the centre. 9. MATERIAL (SAND) 9.1 Clean, uniformly graded natoral sand pasting the -00-mm IS Sieve and retained on the 6Od-micron IS Sieve shall'be used." Ie shall be fee Tan ‘organic matter, and shall have been oven dried and stored for a cuiann ied to allow its water content to teach equilibrium wilh stncutees romidity (se Note under 31). 4 182720 (Part XXVMI)- 1974 0 @ 200.2 race | s FLAT SURFACE fore | —This deign as been found eastactory, but alternative deigns may be cxployed povided dt the eoenal regsements Se alled ‘Nore 2 Eaeatal dimensions are undestined. [Nore 3—Tolerance on ewentia dimensions :k0'T mun. ‘All dimensions in millimetres, Fro. 6 Canmranine Coxtamn ron Use wer Lano Pounno ‘Gruwper ax 1 Tit Hanp Scoor MarioD 10, PROCEDURE, Arey eee ee a2 Sis meeps oe 1 tal tle ee wed ELLIE Oe, nhs ae Ed i+ i. at spent, Pi eh tal bc mandi dea, cee sh oe cimetin ed (oe Nae) A ee 15+ 2720 ( Part XXVIM) - 1974 ‘the calibrating container) shall be allowed to run out of the pouring. linder under gravity. The shutter on the pouring cylinder shall then be osed and the eylinder placed on the plane surface Nore — The total weight ofthe pouting cylinder and sand is large, s0 that he method offing and weighing isto weigh the sand into or thre’ contines and tip into "he pouring eyinder before wing. Care tall be taken to ae that te See ‘tant ial weight as used ip calibtating the apparatus used for each dena rea Soffciegt sand shouldbe ied to leave shut 405 bg ofsand fe pouring cylinder ater th ett completed. 10.1.1.2 The shutter on the pouring cylinder shall be opened and rd allowed to run out. When no further movement of sand takes place in cylinder the shutter shall be closed and the eylinder removed carefully, 10.1.1.3 The sand that has filled the cone of the pouring cylinder I be collected and weighed to the nearest O'l percent ofits total weight, 10.1.1.4 These measurements shall be repeated at least three times dd mean weight (W ) taken, 10.1.2 The method described in 101.21 to 10.1.2 shall be followed + the determination of the bulk density of the sand (,)- 10.1.2.1 The internal volume ( 7) in ml of the calibrating container all be determined by the weight of water contained in the container ren filled to the brim (see Note under 10.2.2). 10.1.2.2 The calibrating container should stand on a large tray ring the procedure to collect the sand overflowing from the cone when the linder is removed. “The pouring cylinder shall be placed concentrically the top of the calibrating container and filled with the constant weight sand (W,) as iq 10.111. ‘The shutter on the pouring cylinder shall be sed during this operation. The shutter shall be opened and the sand owed to run out. When no further movement of the sand takes place ‘the cylinder the shutter shall be closed. - The pouring cylinder shall be ‘noved and the sand remaining in it weighed to'the nearest O'| percent its initial weight 10.1.2.3 These measurements shall be repeated at least three ti dd the mean weight (W7,) taken (see Note under 4.1.2.3). me 2.The method given in 1024 to 10.24 shall be followed for the tasurement of soil density, 10.2.1 A flat area, approximately 60 emt, at the place at which the soil to be tested shall be exposed and trimmed down to a level surface. 10.2.2 The metal tray with a central hole shall be laid on the prepared face ofthe soil with the hole over the portion of the soil to Be tated xe hole in the soil shall then be excavated using the hole in the tray sea ttern, to the depth ofthe layer to be tested up to.a maximum of 250 sat 16 18: 2720 (Part XXVII) -1974 sara ncaa ee JES wae Lure icra trek te Seats 8 a ra SS acto i teren rah Ba no eon re Mion: The shutter shall then be opened and sand ‘Ged to rea out” When no forther movement of the sand takes pls ree cass 11, CALCULATIONS 11 The calculations shall be done as laid down in 5. tar ay iiable gravel or metivine and conrse-qraind sil containing appre 112 For medi fa 18 Sieve) the water content and ry density hall Te Gebned ws even in AppendieB 12, REPORTING OF RESULTS results shal be reported a specified in 6 except that the metbod 2A The seul aye te Feu sall be sated arg pouring cylinder reed, ended results of the test shall be recorded suitably. A recom 123. Te Fee acd of tet sete gen m Append A=,1S: 2720 (Part XXVINT)- 1974 APPENDIX A ( Clauses 6.3 and 12.2) DETERMINATION OF DRY PLAC DENSITY OF Som, ‘BY SAND REPLACEMENT = (Small Pouring Gylinder/Large Poaring Cylinder) cL. The test results forthe two meth a forthe two methods, namely, small pouring a Targe pouring. ylindsr may be tabulated given below sag the ‘appropriate symbols and words in each case: : ce Project: Tested by: Location: Date: State whether stel core cutter was used. Calibration 1. Mean weight of sand in cone cylinder) (1%), ing 5 2, Volume of calibrating container (7), in ml 8. Weight of sand (+ eylinder pee _ |... pouring (M,),ing (* user) 8 5. Weight of sand to fill calibrating. cor Woh of sand to it ealbating container 6. Bulk density of sand yy =" X 1000 kg/m 18 Is, 2720 ( Part XXVIIT) - 19% a “E Wie fend (+ einer) afer pouring 7. Water 6 a. Weight of wil for water content determi- nation, in g “Fr Weg of oven ded shin iD, Wace conten (#), pen 1, Dry density a = Toa" APPENDIX B (Clause 11.2) DETERMINATION OF WATER CONTENT AND DRY DENSITY Cee er ats AND COARSE-GRAINED SOILS CONTAINING dee EE DLE GRAVEL FRACTION ( PLUS 4-75-mm IS SIEVE ) BA. IN-PLAGE BULK DENSITY BALA The in-place butk density (4) of the soil shall be determined as Eescribed in Section 2- B2, PROCEDURE FOR DETERMINATION OF VOLUME AND WATER CONTENT Bat Afer obtaining the wet weight (Hy) of he total material removed Be Ane oT shall be separated into plus 4-75-mm fraction 918: 2720 ( Part XXVEII) - 1974 (gravel) and minus 4:75 mm fraction by the 475-mm IS Sieve. This should be done rapidly to avoid loss of water a [Nort — If theft ifr construction canal, the faction pasing the 475mm 1S Sieve should be paced in an sigh container for further tex B22 The fraction retained on the 4-75-mm IS Sieve (gravel shall be washed on the sieve using a minimum of water, blotted dry with a towel to a wet urfacedry condition and weighed (1, B.2.3 The volume of the gravel ( V, ) ina wet surface-dry condition, shall then be determined by displacement of water from a siphonscontainer From, which the over-flow can be measured, or by weighing in air and in water. ‘The specific gravity (G, of the geavel particles should then be computed. {Nore — For consrution contrl, the volume of gravel need not be mestured every time est aden "Ater several ee have shone thatthe apeaiic geaity of the [furl fom a parcultr source trully conway the specie gravity ea) be anuaed End the wolumte computed B24 The wet gravel ( IV's) shall be placed in an oven and the oven-dry ‘weight aud water content (w, ) shall be determined. BL2.5 The water content (1,) in percent of the soil fraction passing the 4 75emm IS Sieve shall also be determined by oven-drying a representative sample, 3. CALCULATIONS B3.1 Further calculations should be carried out as follows: W, 8) Incplace bulk density yy = ae b) Wet weight of minus 475-mm soil = Wy —W, 6) Voluine of minus 475-mm soil folume 6f hole —~ i (a 4) Wet density of minus4-75-mm soil = ) y i ©) Dry weight of minus 475mm soil = £) Dry density of minus 4-75-mm soil = Treo Dry, weit of total material (a's pave) =" +0 ny Water content (er) of tt ” Sava pecan © = MEO 100 i) Percentage of gravel in the 2 Navel Sn a dey weight bse 4) Dry density ofthe total material 20 15: 2720 ( Pare XXVIII) - 1974 Paice esi Syne ve ed Caen es ahig Race NCT COR), cote ‘uliigs & Roads Reach Laboratory, Chandigarh ‘nied Teenie Conant Pv tid, New Dei aioe Chie’ Banh, Army Meadguaren ‘Anointed latrumentMaaulscaree ad neue Cindia) PeeBUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS Heacquartre: Manas Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zatar Marg, NEW DELM! 110002 {loshones. 323 043% 2 aa76, a23 9402 Far 9181 24052 51183298099, 979 3299382 Telegrams: Manaksansta {Common to al Otto) Central Laboratory: Taephone Plot No. 208, Sie IV, Sahbabad India Aras, SAMIGABAD 201010 8.77.00 92 Regional offices: Cantal Marak Bhavan, 9 Baradur Shah Zata Marg. NEW DELHI 110002 329 76 17 Eastern «114 CIT Schame VIM, VIP, Road. Manklola CALCUTTA7OO054 307 86 62 Norern : SCO 395-936, Sector 24-4, CHANDIGARH 160022 60.38 43 Southarn C1 Campus, V Cross Road, CHENNAL 600113, 235 2315 ‘Western Manakalaya, E9 Gahind Mat Telaphone Exchance Anchor (Eash, 632 92 95 ‘MUMBAI 400008 Branch OMtces: ‘Pushpak’, Nurmohamod Shak Marg. Kharpur, AHMEDABAD 380001 580 19 48 ‘Peony Indust Area, 18 Stage, Bangalore: Tumkur Road, 939 49 55 BANGALORE 560088 LGangot Complor, 50 Floor, Bhacbhads Road, .T Naga BHOPAL 462008 §5 40.21 Plot No, 62-69, Unt Vi, Ganga Nagar, BHUBANESHWAR 751001 403627 Kalakabir Buitngs, 670 Avnashi Road, COMBATORE 641037 atorat Plot No. 43, Sector 16 A, Maura Road, FARIDABAD 121001 2-28 68 01 ‘Savi Complx, 116 6. T load, GHAZIABAD 201001 2-71 19 96 ‘5318 Ward No. 29, RG, Barua Road, Sth By-lane, GUWAHATI 761003 senor ‘5858, LN. Gupla Marg, Nampaty Staton Road, HYDERABAD #0000120 10.89, E52, Chtarajan Marg. C’Scheme, JAIPUR 302001 977925 1971418 B. Sarvodaya Naga, KANPUR 208008 21 68 76 ‘Seth Bhawan, 2nd Foc, Behind Leela Cinema, Naval Kishore Rose, 23.8923 {LUCKNOW 22600" Patipura Inustial Estat, PATNA 200013, 26 23 05 T.C.No. 14/421, University P.O, Palayam, 6217 THIRUVANANTHAPURAM 655094 NIT Bulking, Second Fler, Gohuipat Manet, NAGPUR 440010, s2si71 Inston of Engingers (India) Bung, 1352 Shivql Naga, PUNE 411005 32 96 35 “Sales Oitce is at 5 Chowringhee Approach, PO. Princep Street, ‘CALCUTTA 700072 2710 85 {Sales Ofc ie at Novely Chambers, Grant Road, MUMBA 400007 300 65 28 {Sales Ofc is at F Block, Unty Buena, Narashimaraa Square m9 BANGALORE s600c2 ‘ted aN a Pog Pra Rar, blsS164 youn £29 00011 DUVAL WVaV2Z HVHS UNGVHTVE 6 ‘NVAVHE AYN, SQHVONVLS NVIGNI 30 nvaung MBE HSGieg @ sigrictees oan, 9667 HOUVIN 1d>y PHN, ( uorssaayy 1811.7 ) QOHAIW YILLND-BYOD FHL AG 39VINI STIOS dO ALISN3G AVG 4O NONLYNIWWRL3G XIXx Luvd STIOS AOS ISHL 40 SGOHLAW ADPUD]G UDIpU, (S001 pounyeoy) PAPPUPIS UPIPUT SL6T~ CXIXX Hea) o2LZ* STcg vy Cawgoyg Wate ood or zpeway YAR SAO TS aque oe *Cm1s9) ompA REE FouING THI sevnoy mc HOU Panoenstry ung €% Daa ‘HRMOD JeuONseg SuUseUHFUg [0S (uoysiaayy stig ) QOHLIW WILLNT3VOD IHL AW FOWIENI STIOS 40 ALISNAG AUG dO NOLLWNIWWAL3Q XIXX Luvd STIOS Od LSAL AO SGOHLAW péppunjg upipuy SU6T~ ( XIKX Hd) OFZ? 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D. Main Public Works Department, Government of Ustae Pradesh Lucknow sen. REP guano (Ane a ira crete Auociaton of India, Bombay ‘Sunt'T Me Mason (Alrat) Sanu TK: Nanaia Cou Road Rewach Inne (SIR), New Raraenrare Hinde Consvcon Co 118, Bombay Researen Ome Dulldings & Roads Research Laboratory, Public Were Departs, Govern of Pay ‘usa KR. Saxena Engineering Resarch Laboratory, Hyderabad, Seoutrany (Central Bobed of ation &Pocer New Beh ‘Drury Secnstany (Anal) Da Stasaten Praceoe Univenity of Roorkee as HD, Satan Irpigaton Research feats, Roorkee aaowtesone Ewcixeee Concrete & Soil Rexarch’ Laberstory, Public “Paxwme & Devon Crmcis) ‘Werks Department, Government of Tami repose teomeen Nuduy Madras ree Enns (Ineaancr, ‘Su "e Romane Deva) ai) Suns C26, Swaaonarian Trion of Eanes di), Cale Sri Sea ‘india, inant ta sD Arete Sor Me Gener ISI (Keefe Memb) Sorte Sum G. Rana Deputy Director (Gv Ege), 1S Soil Testing Procedures and Equipment Subcommittee, BDC.23: 3 Cone Paor Att Sct Univer of dpe Mees Sans Aus Som Cong Baling, Reeach Tne (CSIR), Got Avra Son Enginearn Che's Branch, Amy Headquarter SERIE, Somos (dena) on mak, Besa ‘bss CH i Bet camen Dams Projet, Tabwara Township pa R Bama! “cra Read Reach Inte (CSIR), Now Swat. N, Banca Road Wing (Ministry of Shipping & Tranport ‘Sign A SBennc (Alert) ee 7 Dea'R Gurresne Public Wor Government of Una DaB.L Dawwax (aman) (Cot pgs 15) 2 IS + 2720 (Part XXXVM) - 1976 Indian Standard “METHODS OF TEST FOR SOILS PART XXXVII_ DETERMINATION OF SAND EQUIVALENT VALUE OF SOILS AND FINE AGGREGATES 0. FOREWORD O.1 This Indian Standard (Part XXNVIF) was adopted by the Taian Standards Institution on 16 February 1976, alter the draft tinalized. by the Soil Engineering Sectional Committee had been approved by. the Givil Engineering Division Council, 0.2 ‘The term ‘sand equivalent’ expresses the concept that most. geanular soils and line aggregates are mixtures of desirable coarse particles, sand and generally undesirable clay or plastic fines and dust. This test is not intended to replace the test covered by IS : 2720 (Part 1V)-1975*, 0.3 This test assigns an empirical value to the relative amount, fineness and character of claylike material present inthe tst specimen. A mainiawuan Sand equivalent value may be specified to limit the permissible quantity of claylike fines in an aggregate. test provides a rapid field method for determining changes im the quality of aggregates during production ‘or placement, 0.4 In the formulation of this standard due weightage has been given {0 international co-ordination among the standards and practices prevailing in different countries in addition to relating it to the practices in the fila in this country. This has been met by deriving assistance from the following publications ‘A89.22A-1973 Methods of testing soils for engineering purposes ‘Test 22A — Sand equivalent of aggregate and soil using a power- operated shaker. Standards Association of Australia, ASTM D 2419-74 Standard method of test for sand equivalent value of soils and fine aggregate, American Society for Testing and. Materials, 0.5 In reporting the results of a test or analysis made in accordance with this standard, if the final value, observed or calculated, is to be rounded off, it shall be done in accordance with IS: 2-1960, Teds of wet for eile: Pare 1V Grain size analysis (ft ein). {Roles for rounding off numerical valves (red) 31S : 2720 (Part XXXVI) - 1976 1. SCOPE, AA This standard ‘Part XXXVI) covers the method for the determi- nation of sand equivalent value of soils. "This indicates, under seandard conditions, the relative proportions of laylike or plastic fines and dusts in granular soils and fine aggregates that pass 475-mm IS Sieve. ‘This method is intended t serve av a rapid field-correlation test. 2. GENERAL PRECAUTIONS 2.4 Maintain the temperature of the working solution at 27 <:3°C: during the performance of this test. * — * 2.1.1 I field conditions preclude the maintenance of the temperature range, quent referee samples should be submitted to a laboratery here ropes thpeatre contol pow Ie Wao posible te etbih temperature correction curves foreach material ing’ tested where proper temperature ‘contol i not_ posible. However, np gentral correcton curve should be utilized for several materials even win a naow range of sand equivalent values.” Samples that meet the minioun sal og valent requirement at @ working solution temperature below de reed Inended range need mot be subjected to referee testing 2.2 Perform the test at a location fie from vibration. Excessive vibration ‘may cause the suspended material to settle at a greater rate than normal. 2.3 Do not expose the plastic cylinders to direct sunlight any more than is necessary. 24 Occasionally it may be neoesiaey to remove a fungus growth from ‘he working calcium chloride solution container and from the inside of te fei abing and iguior tube. ‘This ong can cy be cen 8 a slimy substance in the solution wi Bars Sherer ace 24.2 Fill the solution contsiner with the prepared cleaning solvent, alloy about I tre ofthe cleaning solvent to dow Grrough the siphow assembly and ivgntor tube, then place the pinch camp onthe end af the ang tp cat off the fw of soltent and to hold the went in the tbe Rea the container and alow to stand overnght, 24.3 Afer soaking, allow the leaning solvent to flow out through the siphon asembly and tnigator tbe, 7 244 Remove the siphon asembly from the solution container and rinse, both with clear water, The imigator tube and siphon asemlly can be rinsed easy by attaching a hue between the tp. the irgator tube and water faucet and backwashing fh water through the tube 4 “other method, use a 1S + 2720 (Pare XXXVI) «1976 jionally the holes in the tip of the irrigator tube may become id by a particle of sand. If the obstruction cannot be freed by any in of other sharp object to force it out using extreme care not to enlarge the size of the opening. 3. APPARATUS 3.1 Geadaated Cylinder —of transparent acrylic plastic as shown in Fig. T having an inide diameter of 32 mm, a height of 430 mm, gradua- tions up to 380 mm at 2mm intervals, beginning at the bottom, and a rubber stopper to fit in mouth of the cylinder. 3.2 Irrigator Tube —as shown in Fig. 1, made of 6-4 mm outside dia- eter stainless steel tubing with one end closed to form a. wedge-shaped point. Two holes of 1 mm diameter are drilled laterally through the fat Side of the wedge near the point. 38 Siphon Assembly — as shown in Fig. 1, consisting of a 4litre bottle, ‘2 Semm outside diameter copper bent tube 410mm long, 1 220 mm of 3-mm ingide diameter rubber tubing (pure gum or equal) with pinch clamp, a blow tube consisting of 50-mm of 5-mm diameter copper tube and 50 mm of 3.mm inside diameter rubber tube (blow hose), and a 2hole rubber stopper to fit the graduated cylinder specified in 3.1. 3.4 Weighted Foot Assembly — as shown in Fig. 1, consisting of a G-mm diameter brass rod 445 mm long, threaded on both ends, a brass hexag nal foot of 17°5 mm side by 14 mm diameter, a cylindrical weight of 50 mm diameter and 53 mm height of cold-rolled steel and a nylon sand reading indicator of 28 mm diameter and 15 mm height. ‘The weight is attached 10 the top end of the rod to give the assembly of the weight, rod aud foot total mass of 1 000 5g, The fot attached to the lower end ‘the rod. 3.5 Measuring Can — 90 + 5 ml capacity. 36 Sieve — 4:75-mm IS Sieve, conforming to IS : 460 - 1962 3:7 Funnel —wide mouth, for transferring soil into the cylinder. 38 4-Litre Bottles — two, to store stock solution and working solution. 3(9 Flat Pan — for mixing. 3,10 Timing Device —reading in minutes and seconds. 3\11 Sand Equivalent Shaker — mechanical or manually operated 3.ALA Mechonical—having a throw of 200 ++ 1 mm and operating, at 14542 cycles per minute. eSpecifeaton Tar tt sien (red)1S + 2720 (Pare XXXVH) - 1976 FLARE appnox ora ana EER aohis SY iwia Aino Ons TWaNNY © weicator tuse ASSEMBLY 8 ASSEMBLY A Fio, 1 Sax Rguvatesr Test Appanates—Contd 1S + 2720 (Part XXXVI) - 1976 poe mn La te | } Se DmLs & TAP FoR «2 M6x05 -6H.20 mm DEEP | 802 @weicnt Size 640-02 & J 2582 site i ‘| eee ge eoee FE 2o2 ha ‘DRILL 6 GUIDE 30% OLE FOR ROLL PIN (OME S10) @ SAND READING INDICATOR ASSEMBLY C Fro. 1 Sano Equivatanr Tasr Appararut—Contd1S : 2720 (Part XXXVI) - 1976 << Soe BALE Manually Operated — capable of producing an oscillating motion ava rate of 100 complete cycle in 43 4: 5 seconds, with a hand.-ashted half stroke length of 125 sk 5 mm. 4. MATERIALS 4.1 Stock Calciam Chloride Solution — The materials listed below will be required: a) 480-4 g of technical grade anhydrous calcium chloride conforming. toIS: 1314-1967". 1b) 2179 g of glycerine (technical grade) conforming to TS : 1796-1961. ©) 49-7 g of formaldehyde (40 percent by volume solution) conforming, to IS: 3321-19731, 4.1.1. Dissolve the 480-4 g of calcium chloride in 2 litres of distilled water. Cool and filter through ready pleated rapid filtering filter paper. Add 2179 g of glycerine and the 49-7 g of formaldehyde to the filtered solution, smi well and dilute to 4 lites 4.2 Working Calcium Chloride Solution — Prepare the working calcium chloride solution by diluting 90 ral of the stock calcium chloride solution to 4 litres with water. Use distilled or demineralized water for the normal preparation of the working solution. However, ifit is determined that the local tap water is of such purity that it docs not affect the test results, iti permissible to use it instead of distilled or demineralized water. Nort — The effect ofoal tp water on sand equivalent tet resulta may be determined by comparing the woul of thes sand equivalent ts sing dled water with the ‘ius of thee sand equlenent tes sing the local tap water. ‘The air tt species Fequired fr ths comparison shall be prepared from the sume sample of material and ‘vended as preseribed in this method 5. SAMPLE PREPARATION 5.1 Obtain at least 1 500g of material passing 475-mm IS Sieve in the following manner. : aed 5.1.1 Separate the sample on the 4-75-mm TS Sieve by means of a lateral and vertical motion of the sieve, accompanied by a jarring action so as t0 keep the sample moving continuously over the surface ofthe sieve. Continue the sieving until not more than one percent by mass of the residue passes the sieve during one minute. The sieving operation may be performed cither by hand or by 2 mechanical apparatus, When thoroughnos of ‘mechanical sieving is being determined, test by the hand method described above using a single layer of material ‘on the sieve. pede fOr elcium chloride. {fSpectieation for rude and refined glycerine. specication for solution. Marentat tated) Copper tube (onay be plate Rebbe e Rubber Cooper Reber Sinise steel tube Nylon Blas (way be 458 thou be numerically designated. tes, $10 length Ta ‘Stock Size, mim i e # 40D wall, 200 length ‘Avsstabie pinchoock 8 LIST OF MATERIALS Saxo Equivacevr Test Apparatus Foo.) Nore 2— Graduations on graduate to be in mm, Centimeire matt 2 Norm 3— Accuracy of sale + 002 mm. Nore 1—Asembly ©— Weighted foot avembly should weigh 1 0 Aumauy Past No. 4 2 c 8 91S 1 2720 (Part XXXVI - 1976 4.2 Breakdown any lumps of materi in te oars faction t pass he Semin tS Sse” Amora and ibber-covered paseo any oe meas that wil not case appreciable degradation ofthe aggrgate may be wed. 5.13 Remove any coatings of fines adhering 1p the coarse aggregate. ‘These fines may be removed by surface-drying the coarse aggregate, then rubbing between the hands over a flat pan. S14 Aad ihe matrial pusing the seve as obtained in $.1.2 and 5.1.3 to the separated fine portion of the sample. 2 Pepe trey fam mr og hae 1 Se SETAC Lol cae TET 2 Sr na eal a ieroentnoea eget sy earn en eg me et occa, ss pera tat treme cre Be ceebed when preparing Det ery sures to the ape er ee ZL Sha as sheers ce some hie Weopereey ge eel pen oc aaron, es ee ate Slding water to the sample to setin' feedtowing. condition of the ot i: 2. Cin te momeing nip to er, ec on the sple, Each time a meas fall oF the material ipped from the eg it ci de nt SPE Sefer at ast fur umes and jog ie slighty to produce 8 measure of cone ‘Sdced maa ls ten Some a 23 Der nr pn of gil i anf marmite ec a S24 Ren oma pl pce or git ee i fe oe ap sedi ta une agate Set ee i aati er pois tye tical make bar ae S245 Dra oping mente 8 Cando Sas Norn —Sand equivalent rents ob tot, ‘be lower th i ‘when the sand equvalen value te determine compliance with © specication Brine smn accepable tet vale. the renting te vale layer han at bower iw be neceany to rer ie tao a did ft eee 553 soul Jtmind om a oto oe ed ve pecan, blew te nim TraEDce tc hw stay epee ora tlicon ton del tote ‘Ee fom the mine lample "The ad equlaien fr ample al be deere so Kendine win 10 IS + 2720(Pare XXXVE) - 1976 PKCpare the desired number of test specimens from the sample as 5.2.2.1 Maintaining a freefowing condition, dampen the material sufficiently to prevent segregation or loss of fines 5.2.2.2 Split or quarter out 1 000 to 1 500 g of the material. Mix thoroughly with a hand trowel in a circular pan by scopping toward she dale ofthe pan while rotating it horizontally. Mining o remixing should ‘be continued for at last I minute to achieve uniformity. Check the material for the necesary moisture condition by tightly squeezing small portion of the thoroughly mixed sample in the palm of the hand. Ifa cast is formed. that permits careful handling without breaking, the correct moisture range hhas been obtained. If the material is too dry, the cast will crumble and it will be necessary to add water and remix and retest until the material forms a cast. If the material shows any free water itis t00 wet to test and should be drained and air-dried, mixing it frequently to ensure uniformity ‘This overly wet material will form a good cast when checked initially, 0° the drying process should continue wntil a squeeze check on the drying ‘naterial gives a cast which is more fragile and delicate to handle than the original, "Ifthe ‘as received’ water content is within the limits described above, the sample may be run immediately. Tf the water content is altered to mect these limits, the sample should be put in a pan, covered With a lid or with a damp trowel that does not touch the material and allowed to stand for a minimum of 15 minutes, 5.2.2.3 After the minimum curing time, remix for 1 minute without water. When thoroughly mixed, form the material into a cone with a trowsl. 5.2.24 Take the can measure in one hand and push it directly through the baie ofthe ple while holding the fee hand fray against the ple oppose 5.2.25 As the can travels through the pile and emerges, apply enough hhand presure to cause the material to fill the can to overilowing. Press firmly with the palm of the hand, compacting the material until it conso i= dates in the can. ‘The excess material should be struck off level with the top of the can, moving the edge of the trowel in a sawing motion actess the brim, 5.2.2.6 To obtain additional test specimens, repeat the procedures in 52.23 to 5.2.25. 6. PREPARATION OF APPARATUS 6.1 Fit the siphon assembly to a ‘litre bottle of working calcium chloride solution, Place the bottle on a shelf £153:25 mm above the work surface [Nore — Instead ofthe Alize bot a gas or plastic vat having ‘eased provided the iid level of the working solution i matin Bete 16 tad T1S"tam above the wank surface uIS : 2720 (Part XXXVI) - 1976 6.2 Start the siphon by blowing into the top of the solution bottle through a short piece of tubing while the pinch clamp is open. 6.3 When using either the mechanical or the manually operated sand equivalent shaker, fasten the apparatus to a firm and level mount. [Nore—If only afew sand equivalent tats are. to be performed at one location, i is pomible co Hold the manually operated shakee by hand on frm mount. 7, PROCEDURE 7.1 Siphon 100 4.2mm (indicated on the graduated cylinder) of working calcium chloride solution into the graduated cylinder. 2.2 Pour one of the test specimens into the graduated cylinder sing the finnel to avoid spltage. 7.3 Tap the bottom ofthe cylinder sharply on the palm of the hand several times release air bubbles and to promote Borough wetting ofthe specimen, 7A Allow the wetted specimen and cylinder tostand undisturbed for 1041 minutes, 75 At the end of the 10-minute soaking period, topper the cylinders then Ieowen the material from the bowtom by partially inverting the eylindce and shaking it simleancouly 7.6 Aer loosening the material from the bottom ofthe cylinder, shake the Spader and contents by any one of the following three methods 7.6.1 Mechel Shaker Method —Place the stoppered cylinder in the sechanical sind equivalent shaker, st te time, and allow the machine to Shake the eylinderand the eontents for 45 1 seconds. 1.6.2 Manual Shaler Method — Secure the stoppered cylinder to the shaker and shake for 100 strokes, with half stroke length of 12 4-3 mam. 763 Hand Method 7.6.3.1 Hold the cylinder ina horizontal positon and shake it vigorously in a horizontal linese motion from end to end 7.63.2 Shake the cylinder 90 cycles in approximately 30 scconds using a throw of 290 4 29 mm. A cycle is defined a» a complete back and Fer medon. To shake thelr at spec propel wl be Bo sary for the operator to shake with the forearms ony, relaxing the body and Shoulders. 7.7 Following the shaking operation, set the cylinder upright on the work table and remove the stopper. 12 IS : 2720 (Pare XXXVI) -1976 Zid Daring the srigation procedure, kexp the estndee vertical and the bag gauact wih the wovksunace, er the gator le aha oe pltle esinder,renuve due pring clamp fiom the hore Sal rine a High age ndee Nall as the ivigator is lowered Force the sei thragh the material to dhe bouont of the cylinder by ome See sobbing an sviting acon while the working solufon Woe ere mig cp” This ses the ne material ino sgpenson sie dee 7.8.2 Continue 10 apply a stabbing an ct fines pct a PBN & stabbing and wwisting action while Rushing the nd contents to stand undisturbed for 20 7.9 Allow the eylinder an Start the timing immediately after withdraw hs, nutes 15 ing the irvigator tube, entation period, read and record fon se prered in Tad he Iho char ino demarcate Re At the end of the 20-minute sedim wel of the top of the clay suspensi tos the ‘clay reading’ TEno jand Reading Determination ji Aficr the clay reading has been taken, place the weighted & “oe the er and gent ower he ay nae the sane not allow licator to hit the mot Syliee esand ,Donot alow heiitoro hit te mouth of thespie ee eae Sr ra ers C25 ea ps ably cylinder, Subtract 250 mm from the level indicated by the 6 for edge ofthe indicator and record this value av the sand readicg 3 When taking the sand reading, take care not to Press dowr ‘ ied eran Ss ig PA cent pe dno ee “the ag ings fall bee 3. Domm graduations, reo /higher graduation as the reading, oeaead | 181s + 2720 (Part XXXVI) - 1976 8, CALCULATIONS: 1 Caleta he san equivalent ($6) 1 te near oF using de following S x 100 SE where 5, = sand reading (see 7.11), and Com dlay reading (see 7.10). £822. When the result of this caleulation is not a whole number, the sand aivalont (SE) shall be the next higher whole number Example SE at x 100 = 12 = 42 04 83 Ii is desired to average a series of sand equivalent values, average the Sole number values determined as described in 8. Example: Calculated $B values 41.2, 458, 409 (we 81). Afier ating sate ea the next higher whole number they become 42, 44, 41 (Ger 8.2). Average of these values is eae 423 Since the average value is not a whole number th Tent value is 43 (se 8.3) sand equiva 9. PRECISION {9:1 Before an operator is alloweel to pertorm the sand equivalent tet) Se 9 Te eapeble of obtaining consistent test results on Fepresentalive sao of art given material when the testis performed im sccordenc sa Creseribed procedurefor the particular method wed, An operators with the Roare considered to be consistent if the individual results of, tes (ee rmed by him on representative samples of the same material do ests Bey by more than 4-4 points from the average of these tests. “ 1S + 2720 (Part sed from age 2) (Pare 200CVEN - 1976 Members ‘ry Dassoron Raseancnt Representing Be Macca} Railway Board (Minty of Railways) Reason SE oa neo itm Fe on ETT th usavn (iogRY Sdicte Pe Ld Ceuta ai RK ae" dian Insitute of Teel BEE aay) Soe ETAT RB ay : Buildings & Roads Re 2aaczon (Ala) tng, Reade Reeath Laboratory, Govem- ‘cena 1 ‘Asvcated tases gf Gras Parks Nw Dei) Tu New Demet Mawcturers (India) Pe 15INDIAN STANDARDS on Sieraops OF TEST FOR Sous 15: 2720 Methods of wet for sie 0 Mahal partie of dy si ama a resi) (hac Tg lcm cam comtne ) (Ber aoe craton of ei EY ipa TY ars Gran aarp J (fae Nn perinatal es ein) d ‘actors Bae VEL gb Berman of ner comer? CS etaion wing Tat comp ee i cea i Geremetsn of woe content-dry density vlan using Beary ean Deo ee ay deny contention ams weight ‘foi peti (para Deernaon of monic So srength (fot resi) (Bar Sinn Derrmnan of eat See Pee fe cme tested i xt 1t Derae aa compronon wb he DEANS ‘poe ver pest nan AS Beinn of se surely conse SS HBS Desrmne th iesurennt of Foss wate PN (eae ENON Diet ee at re) : (ge UIE Bein Seg esc =m) ef cobalt (eStore ocr (Pee ee deen Pome vl 20 maton Ret Rv orca tt aol (Per UI er eran fcr me (Ps BV se pene es I ees Perinat of oan mater He) Fe ean of cium cna Ue Part Yt Determanaton of cation, ACh et) (oa SO ise Deen fs I on (Pas 3 ara Doernanon of a t (par Sev) 1968 Desermanat {ra SVT sen fy eay oft Ss by the and replace- nent oto (ft resin) (oar SR ata Decimation of ey deny of #2 place bythe coe-cotter ire) spar SSE 1868 Taborstory vane shea ta Fe ie lt skin eo eaning ratio (Bart ag) ts70 Nor data cone ta {re Tan temic oe ene ess OF SS and water eplaceent method PREETI Deerinaion of denny of i es, © rubber ballon ‘net (car BSR 1074 Mearns of ens or Me (fare SBS 97s abort of nen For ermeabty of granular ell (ear HERTS ING Deerianon of and ens ve cofsils ad fines art Slacvt1975 Compaction cont teat (HA mths)1S : 2720 ( Part XL) - 1977 (Roattmed 1997) Indian Standard METHODS OF TEST FOR SOILS PART XL_ DETERMINATION OF FREE SWELL. INDEX OF SOILS (Fourth Reprint JULY 2001 ) UDC 624.131.434 © Copyright 1978 BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS MANAK BHAVAN. 9 BAHADUR SHAM ZAFAR MARG NEW DELHI 110002 Gr March 19787 ee See" Indian Standard METHODS OF TEST FOR SOILS PART XL DETERMINATION OF FREE SWELL INDEX OF SOILS Soil Engineering Sectional Committee, BDC 23, aiman Repramting Poe Docent Mowan Cental Building Research Inwinute (CSIR), "Roorkee Mentos Public Works Department, Government of Utat ead SnD Caen ni of Ra Avomonas’ Drancron Ratan Raibay insry of Railways) TitosO) ‘Devore Drzcros Reseancn (RDSO} Caleney aor dx Sn ice of odie Jade Tebgu Aras Son Fae ee Ay Hen Mig. Rennes (Alma) eA Racin “cementation Ce Lid, Caleta Sint 8: orn (Aemse) Gung Eecieee (BART) tnigaton Departnent, Goveranent of Pain Sant EN Baotee OM) peacal P80, Poe li ‘ nl gy (7, te, Sant 4.0. Darran I pgee! camely, (5 Hegel Seat 121 Suni R. Le Dawa eign ‘Lessee inte, haga, Paton nt {rule Cente! Soaey New Ba ‘Asa Foundations Gonrrdcton (P) Lid, Bombay Indian Institute of Techology, New Delhi Miaoon [Navona Buildings Organization, New Deli ‘Sat Barcuanoas (Alle) unt OP, Marorns ‘abl Works Department, Goverment of Pasi ‘Siar f'8 Maen Roady Wg (Sar ot Sippog & Teasers), Sat N.S (laste) (Conia ox age) © Goorin 1578 BUREAU OF INDIAN. STANDARDS peblain ner te nin Cori dt (XIV o 185) and ia wal ors prt by tay seem caso oh rasa ile oll Se denned be ke ltogenct st copyegne ener the ni Ace i952720 (Pare XL) 1977 (Cot jon page 1) ‘Mente kept Sunt. S. Mesxore CCenral Water Commision, New Deh ‘Devers Draecron {CSMRS) (ler) Swat TK Navsnajaw Geral? ond Reach Insite (CSIR), sexranie Hindustan Canstraction Co 1d, Bombay ner Ovnicen Building fe Roads Research Laboratory, Chanaigae Sues KR. Saxena Bagineering Retarch Laboratories, Hyderabad Seouerany (Cosel oted of igason fe Powe, New Deh "Serovy Seegenany (Alma spn inca Badaad une f Rooe, Roorkee Sess. Sieanee ? tevigation Research loaite, Roorkee SCrrursravomn Ewernee Palle Works Department, Government of Tart Nadu accra Enoinern (Alen) Sunt T. Cowaten Concrete Aweciton of Yada, Bombay ‘Sat At Afenon (Arete) suas HC. Vans Al India Inruments Manuftetuters & Dealers V.. Vasunsvns (Allon) “cations Bonny supra Sa Director Genera}, SI ( Exile Menter) Secor Cv Boga) Sere Soil Testing Procedures and Equipment Subcommittee, BDG 23: 3 Goaenr Prov Stan Sic Unisernty Jodhpur Jodapur Mens ‘Sat Aunt Seth Compal Bing Research nwiite (CSIR), Le.Gou. Avian Son pincer lo-Ghie's Branch, Ary Headguatters SN te Ae eects tranny heetan Pa BE ty Dwscron Ressanow Railony Boor ( Minutry of Reinsys) (Son Mecmcst) (RDSO) Naaterent Diseevon Revecren sort Meiasachl | RDSO) [tate Dascror (H&E) ‘ESE Dame Prec, Talwara Township saat Ke Gone A) etait Sndiate Pt Lid Cl ‘iat NN Brarracnanava (Aline ‘Sent Sragni K. Cosas Teal Testun of Technology, New Delhi Sh Re Jane United Fechateal Consultant (P) La, New Dak Da Pe K De (Alera) jac tagher (aa “ oo) 2 152720 (Page XL) = 1977 Indian Standard METHODS OF TEST FOR SOILS 6 PART XL DETERMINATION OF FREE SWELLS INDEX OF SOILS i 0 FOREWORD O.1 This Indian Standard (Part XL) was adopted by the Indian Siandards Institution on 30 December 1977, after the draft Ginalized by the Soil Engineering Sectional Comittee had been approved by the Civil Engiaeering Division Council. ae Sgt ain bl arn pri fs deeming of eis aerate ae eoece pean ear ins an eI) a ee ae Stee eee racecar het ule eee, Feenstra pate re 2m eo te hd to ee Siac nec ae ees see arate ania on beers sie, Dore eee cna ge erie tore hoy ret eu acento ee ii pct Ge nd red Scere getty pal fhe al a aes ell cet, Ace magni olan omen Sort Sete eo 0.3 In the formulation ofthis standard due weightage has been given to international co-ordination among the standards and practices prevaling in different countries in addition fo relating it to the practices in the field in this country. 4 In reporting the result of atest or analysis made in accordance with this standard, ifthe final value, observed or calculated, is tobe rounded off, ‘shall be done in accordance with 18 :2-1960%, “Rales for rounding of eumerical vale (rad). 315:2720 ( Part XL)-1977 1. SCOPE L.A This standard ( Part NL’) covers a test for the determination of fer ssvell index of soil which helps to identily the potential of a soil to swell, which might need” further detailed investigation regarding selling and swelling pressures under different field conditions 2. APPARATUS 2.1 Sieve — 425-micron IS Sieve. 22 Glass Graduated Cylinders — Two, 100. 1956°). 3. PROCEDURE 3. Take two 10 (see Note) soil specimens of oven dry soil passing rough 425-micron IS Sieve. capacity (see 18 : 878- Nore—Ip theeate of highly sveling sis, sch ae sodim bentonite, the sample size may be 3 gor ahernatsely a oylinder af 350 capacity may te aed 3.2 Each soil specimen shall be poured in each of the two glass graduated. cylinders of 100 ml capacity. One cylinder shall then, be filed with Kerosene oil and the other with distilled water up to the 100 ml (see Note ander 3:1) mark. After removal of entrapped air ( by gentle shaking or Stirring with a glass rod), the sols in both the cylinders shall be allowed. tovcitle. Sufficient time (‘not less than 24 h ) shall be allowed for the soil ‘ample to attain equilibrium state of volume without any further change in the Volume of the soils. The final volume of soils in each of the cylinders shall be read out. 4, CALCULATION 41 The level of the sil in the kerosene graduated cylinder shall be read a the original volume of the soil samples, Kerosene being a. non-polar liquid does not eaute swelling of the soil, ‘The level of the soil in the distilled water cylinder shall be read as the free swell level. The free tell index of the sol shall be calculated as follows: Free swell index, percent = where Vy= the volume of soil specimen read ftom the graduated cylinder containing distilled water, and Vi. = the volume of soil specimen read from the graduated cylinder containing kerosene. ‘Speciation for graduated measuring elder, ‘ 15: 2720 ( Part XL)- 1977 ted from pa Mabe Rename Ps Matsorna Building & Roads Research Laboratory, Chandigart Teesessen Orrces (or: & — Rope) (tn | Swe RSs STevnore entrai Water Commision, New Delhi (erery Dinecrom s CSMRS ) (Mle weiP Tacawwata Rat Clatal oad Reweatch Instone (SIR), ‘New Deli Sts 8. Ses Misty of Shipping & Tranmort (Roots Wing). Sup. K. owas (Ala) Sue Mf MD. See Public Works Department, Government of Uttar Prats oS 1p BL Dyawas (Altenate) sunt CIS Ra Sint ©. Vans In personal capaity (524, Gren Park, Naw Dell) Atsocited ritroments Manatactrcre (1) Pet ad ‘Sie Dane