MICROBES IN HUMAN WELFARE Microbes In Household products 1. Curd: Milk —“8_,Curd (1) During growth LAB produce acids that coagulate anc partially digest the milk protein. (2) LAB increase vitamin B,, and check diseases causing microbes in stomach, 2. Dough [SEES — Bread Tommie Pulled up appearance of Dough Is due to production of CO, gas. Cheese : Different varieties of cheese are known by their charactersiic Lexture, flavour and taste. The Specificity coming from the microbes used. Type of cheese : 1. Untipened cheese. 2. Ripened cheese. e.g. Roquefort cheese, Swiss cheose Microbes In industrial products + 1. Fermented Beverages: 3. 1, Bear Barley 4-6% 2. Wine Grapes 10-20% 3. Brandy Distillation of wine 55-60% 4. Rum Molasses 40-45% 5. Whisky Cereal 20-40% 6 Gn Secale cerealac 40% 2. Antibloties (Anti = against, bio = life) Peneciltin ; 1. First discovered antibiotics. 2, Discovered by Alexander Fleming. 3. Full potential of penecillin was established by Emest chain and Howard Florey. 3. Chemical, Enzymes and other Bloactive molecules. Organic acid Microbes 1, Citic acid Aspergillus niger 2. Acetic actd Acetobacter acet! 3. Butyric acid Clostridium butylieum 4, Lactic acid Lactobacillus Enzymes : 1. Lipases : Used in detergents for removing olly statns from the laundry, 2 Pectinases and protuases : For clearing bottled juices. 3, Streptokinase (Clot buster) : Used for a removing clots {rom the blood vessels (in case of myocardial infarction)(ibaa Bioactive molecules = 1. Cyclosporin A: Used as an imunosuppressive agent in organ - transplant patients (produced from fungus Trichoderma polysporum) 2, Statin ; Blood cholestrol lowering agents. (From yeast = Monascus purpureus} Microbes in production of biogas : 1. Biogas is a mixture of gases (containing predominantly methane) produced by the microbial activity and which may used as fuel, 2. The type of gas produced depends upon the microbes and the organic substrates they utilise. 3. Methanogens grow anaerobically on cellulosic material, produce large amount of methane along with CO, and H,. 4. Methanagens present in rumen of cattle help in breakdown of cellulase, 5. Dung of cattle Is rich in the bacteria so dung can be used for generation of biogas (Gobar gas). Microbes as blocontrol agents : Blocontrol refers to the use of biological methods (Not chemical} for controlling plants diseases and pests. Biological control of pests deseases. Biological control method of controlling diseases relies on nature predation not on chemicals. Chemical methods kill both useful and harmful life form this method will greatly reduced our dependence on toxic chemicals and pesticides. Biological control agent Used to control Ladybird Beetle Aphids 2. Dragonilies Mosquitoes 3, Bacteria (Bacillus thuringlensis) Butterfly caterpillars (Avaliable In sachets as dry spores) 4, Fungus (Trichoderma) Several plant pathagens 5. Baculoviruses (NPV) Insects and other arthropods (They are speices specific and narrow spectrum) Microbes as blofertilisers + Biolertilisers are organisms thal enrich the nutrient quallly of the soil. The main sources of biofertilizers are Bacteria fungi and cyanobacteria. Bacteria ~ Rhizobium (symbiotic), Azospirillum, Azotobacter {free living) Fungi - — Mycorrhiza ‘Cyanobacteria * Anabaena, Nostoc, Oscillatoria, (Autotrops used in paddy fiedls) In organic farming biofenilisers are used instead of chemical fertiliser.