BIO

NOMENCLATURE
Combination of Non-metal elements
024
• Carbon monoxide- CO

• Nitrogen dioxide- NO2

• Carbon tetrachloride- CCl4

Nomenclature means choosing names for things in the field of science.
Chemical nomenclature is defined as a set of rules or instructions that are used to generate or create name for the
chemical compounds.

Normally, chemical compounds have a common name and a systematic name. Nomenclature for chemical compounds
that are used most often is the name given by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC).
Chemical Nomenclature
 Binary Ionic compounds
Ion - a single element or group of elements that has a charge  Compounds that contains Non-metal Elements
 Cation - an ion is positively charged; form when an element or group of elements (compounds) lose one or more  Compounds that contain Polyatomic ions
electrons.
 Inorganic Compounds
 Oxides
Name of Cation and Charge Symbol of Cation  Bases
 Salts
Potassium, +1 K+  Acids
o Binary acids
Calcium, +2 Ca2+ o Tertiary acids

Vanadium, +4 V4+ Two types of Binary Ionic Compounds

When an element or compound is in cation form, it can be represented by either the element symbol or by a compound formula, with the  Type I Binary Compounds
amount of charge written as a superscript immediately after the symbol or formula  Belong in Group 1 , 2, 3 with 1 valence electron
 Compounds of two ions, the metal present forms only one type of cation
 Anions - negative ions formed from the gain of one or more electrons.  To name compounds, mention the cation followed by the anion radical
o NaCl- Sodium Chloride
When nonmetal atoms gain o KI- Potassium iodide
electrons, they often do so until their o CaS- Calcium sulfide

outermost principal energy level  Type II Binary Compounds

achieves an octet.  The metal present can form more than one type of cation
Use:
Old System – suffixes
FORMULA WRITING ous - lower charges
ic - higher charges
o Aluminum oxide- Al2O3 Stock system –make use of Roman Numerals
o Magnesium chloride- MgCl2
FeCl₂
o Potassium carbonate- K2CO3
o Sodium chloride- NaCl 2+ Ferrous Chloride
o Calcium sulphate- CaSO4
Fe 3+ FeCl ₃
Iron ( III ) Chloride

Ferric Chloride
Iron ( III ) Chloride
Compounds that Contains Non- metal Elements If the anion ends in ‘ ide ‘ change the ‘ide’ to –ic and affix the prefix “ hydro “
o BF₃- Boron trifluoride HCl
o NS- Nitrogen (II) sulfide From : Hydrogen chloride
o P2Se3 – Diphosphorous triselenide To: Hydrochloric acid

o Tertiary Acids
Compounds that Contain Polyatomic ions  Composed of 3 elements - Hydrogen (+ ) , Non-metal , Oxygen and a radical that carry a
o NH₄NO₃ - Ammonium nitrate negative charge.
o K₂Cr₂O₇ - Potassium dichromate
o FeSO₄ - Ferrous sulfate If the anion radical ends in “ ite “ change the “ ite “ ending to “ous “ and add the word acid .
HNO₂
Inorganic Compounds From : Hydrogen Nitrite
A. Oxides To: Nitrous acid
 Binary compounds ( 2 elements combined ) HClO
 Composed of anion ( - Oxygen ) and a cations ( + metal / nonmetal ) From: Hydrogen hypochlorite
 Can be metallic or non-metallic To: Hypocholrous acid
HSO₃
From: Hydrogen Sulfite
Naming : To: Sulfurous acid
Mention the cation followed by the term oxide
Al₂O₃ - Aluminum oxide If the anion radical end in “ ate “change the “ ate “ to – ic and add the word acid
Metallic oxides H₂SO₄
Fe₂O₃- Iron (III) oxide or Ferric oxide From: Hydrogen Sulfate
To: Sulfuric acid
Use prefixes HNO₃
CO₂ - Carbon dioxide From: Hydogen Nitrate
Non -metallic oxides To: Nitric acid
NO- Nitric oxide
D. Salts
B. Bases + ( metal ) and - ( radical )
 Inorganic bases are compounds of a metallic element with 1 or more hydroxyl ( OH ) groups
 Composed of metals and a hydroxide o Produced between the reaction of acid and a base
LiCl- Lithium chloride
Naming : Na₂SO₄- Sodium sulfate
Mention the cation and the word hydroxide NaBr- Sodium bromide
NH₄OH – Ammonium hydroxide NaCl- Sodium chloride
Al ( OH )₃ - Alluminum hydroxide
Fe ( OH ) ₂ - Ferrous hydroxide

C. Acids
 Inorganic acids are those compounds consisting of hydrogen ( + ) and a negative radical whose water
solution changes the color of litmus paper to red color.

 Two kinds of Acids

o Binary Acids - Hydrogen is combined with a nonmetal such as Cl, I, and other.
 General Formula: Hydro ( rootword ) ic acid
 PRACTICE PROBLEM

Metal Cation ( +) Cation Formula Non-metal Anion (-) Anion Formula Compound Formula Compound Name

Sodium Na + 1 Hydroxide OH - NaOH Sodium Hydroxide

Magnesium 1. 2 PO4 -3 3 4.

5. 6. 7. 8 9 Ammonium sulfate

Iron II 10 Sulfate 11 12 13

Potassium 14 15 NO3 - 16 17

Iron III 18 Oxide 19 20 21

22 23 24 25 26 Aluminum carbonate

Barium 27 Bromide 28 29 30