ITALIAN

GARDEN
SUBMITTED TO – SUBMITTED BY-
AR. SHAKTI ASHISH GUPTA (1542009)
HARKAMAL PREET (1542012)
HARSIMRAN (1542013)
 Introduction
 Italian gardens are known as
Italian renaissance gardens .
 In terms of design italian gardens
are the best in Europe, and best
residential gardens in the world.
 The Giardino all'italiana or Italian
garden is stylistically based on:
• SYMMETRY,
• AXIAL GEOMETRY
• THE PRINCIPLE OF IMPOSING
ORDER OVER NATURE
 It influenced the history of
gardening, especially French
gardens and English gardens.
 History
Italian renaissance gardens originate from the
15th century in Italy, where proud villas with luxurious
and extravagant gardens told the tale of a life centered
on leisure and prosperity.
The Italian renaissance garden innovated the art of
gardening as well as the architecture of waterways.
The origins of the style are to be found in ancient rome.
They site their villas on the countryside with
exceptional views, where cooling breeze would reach
them above malarial valleys.
Within the villas there were courts and colonnades
designed for every phase of wind and weather.
Division of Italian Gardens
Gardens of Early Italian
Renaissance(1450-1530)
Gardens of High
Renaissance(1520-1580)
Mannerism and the
Gardens of Late
Renaissance(1550-1600)
Evolution
• First Italian gardens were used only for growing fruits,
vegetables, and herbs.
• But an Italian Renaissance garden brought the signature
look with order and symmetry as well as architectural
elements around the 15th century.
• Prior to the Italian Renaissance, Italian Medieval gardens
were enclosed by walls, and were devoted to growing
vegetables, fruits and medicinal herbs, or, in the case of
monastery gardens, for silent meditation and prayer.
• The Italian Renaissance garden broke down the wall
between the garden, the house, and the landscape outside
 Influence
• The italian garden had many guiding influences and
principles.
• The roman god and goddesses were inspiration for
commissioned artwork displayed in the garden.
• Domestic and wild animals influenced the shapes of
topiaries.
• Unlike medieval gardens, the italian garden was not the
secluded area specifically for growing herbs and
vegetables.
• It was made the part of the landscape of the home,
complimenting the house instead of being hidden from
view
 Elements used
1. Staircases
2. Balustrades
3. Sculpture
4. Cascades Pavilion
5. Parterres
6. Hedges
7. Shady Walkways
8. Water Fountains
9. Pavement
10. Grotto
11. Promenade
 Features
• Geometrical patterned beds , or patterres are a
distinct element of Italian style.
• Traditionally , Italian garden had few flowers.
• Display and backdrop for sculpture.
• Contrast of sun and shades.
• Water features
• Green being dominant color of the Italian garden.
• There’s no single style in Italian gardens, they have
been shaped by climate, geography , history and
Roman Renaissance.
• It basically displays careful design to showcase man’s
control over nature.
• A perfect Italian garden brings them with fusion of
formal and informal spaces.
• The geometrical plants take care of formal preview
ELEMENTS OF ITALIAN
GARDEN
Outlines with
evergreen
• The most recognizable
elements of classical Italian
garden are the evergreen
outlined beds.
• Box (buxus) hedge, myrtle ,
rosemary and other evergreen
plants are trimmed into a hedge
shape to divide the beds.
Topiary and Statuary
• Topiary: are evergreen
plants shaped and
trimmed into amusing
forms, are used to add
humor and playfulness to
the garden.
• Statuary is used to
feature a fountain or a
grotto. It is never vulgar
or offensive, but
humorous and graceful.
 Trees and Plants
Fruit Trees
• Renaissance Garden fruit
trees are clipped and well
tended.
• Some are planted in pots,
others are planted in open
ground, most often against
wall.
• Citrus fruits are often planted
up in pots so they can be set
outdoors during warm
months and indoors during
winters.
• Laurel, Yew, Cypresses ,Fir
,Oaks, Plum and Junipers
trees are used to create
green walls , arches and
living pergolas.
• Footpaths are designed to
offer varied walks with
varied views through the
garden.
Trellises and Climbing Plants
• Trellises are used to line
paths in the garden. They
are trained with climbing
plants like ivy, roses,
honeysuckle, or grape
vines.
Potted plants
• Terra-cotta pots , often
covered with figures
and designs are
common decorative
features in Renaissance
Gardens.
• Flowers , fruits trees
and herbs can be potted
up and moved around
the garden for variety
and added colour . They
are almost always
displayed in balanced
symmetry.
 Villa di Castello, Tuscany
 It was designed by Niccolò
Tribolo who designed two other
gardens: the Giardino dei
Semplici (1545) and the Boboli
Gardens (1550) for Cosimo.
 The garden was laid out on a
gentle slope between the villa and
the hill of Monte Morello.
 Tribolo first built a wall across the
slope, dividing it into an upper
garden filled with orange trees,
and a lower garden that was
subdivided into garden rooms
with walls of hedges, rows of
trees and tunnels of citrus trees
and cedars.
A central axis, articulated by a
series of fountains, extended from
the villa up to the base of Monte
Morello.
 In this arrangement, the garden
had both grand perspectives and
enclosed, private space.
The lower garden had a large
marble fountain that was meant to
be seen against a backdrop of dark
cypresses, with figures
of Hercules and Antaeus. Just
above this fountain, in the center
of the garden, was a labyrinth
formed by cypress, laurel, myrtle,
roses and box hedges.
 At the far end of the garden and
set against a wall, Tribolo
created an elaborate grotto,
decorated with mosaics,
pebbles, sea shells, imitation
stalactites, and niches with
groups of statues of domestic
and exotic animals and birds,
many with real horns, antlers
and tusks
 Concealed in the middle of the
labyrinth was another fountain,
with a statue of Venus
 Another unusual feature was
a tree house concealed in an
ivy-covered oak tree, with a
square dining room inside the
tree.
Above the grotto, on the hillside,
was small wood, or bosco, with a
pond in the center. In the pond is a
bronze statue of a shivering giant,
with cold water running down over
his head.
 Villa d'Este at Tivoli (1550-1572)
 It is the most outstanding
Renaissance fountain garden in
the world.
 VILLA D’ESTE is a 16th century
villa in TIVOLI, ROME.
 VILLA D’ESTE is famous for its
ITALLIAN RENAISSANCE
GARDENS , especially for its
profusion of FOUNTAINS.
 It is now under UNESCO World
Heritage site.
 The villa has
51 fountains
368 jets
64 waterfalls
220 basins
 Water are fed by an intricate network of
tunnels , canals and pipes without a single
pump.
The main source of water is the river
which is flowing nearby.
The VILLA D’ESTE at TIVOLI is one of the
grandest and best preserved of the
Italian Renaissance gardens.
 Its extraordinary systems of fountains
fed by 875 meters of canals.
PIRRO LIGORIO was responsible for the
layout of gardens for the villas.
PLAN: The garden plan is laid out on a
central axis with subsidiary cross axes ,
refreshed by some 500 jets in fountains ,
pools and water troughs.
THANK YOU